EP3049503A2 - Wertdokument und verfahren zur überprüfung des vorliegens desselben - Google Patents
Wertdokument und verfahren zur überprüfung des vorliegens desselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3049503A2 EP3049503A2 EP14786602.4A EP14786602A EP3049503A2 EP 3049503 A2 EP3049503 A2 EP 3049503A2 EP 14786602 A EP14786602 A EP 14786602A EP 3049503 A2 EP3049503 A2 EP 3049503A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- luminescent
- substance
- agglomerates
- intensity
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 166
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000804 electron spin resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003876 NQR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012306 spectroscopic technique Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004416 surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 apatites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQFNMFDUAPEJRY-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LQFNMFDUAPEJRY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000772 tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical class [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HICARRDFVOAELS-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(Cl)Cl.[Y] Chemical compound O(Cl)Cl.[Y] HICARRDFVOAELS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003646 Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002872 Statistical quality control Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOXABWNBYWQOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr]=[Y] Chemical compound [Cr]=[Y] HOXABWNBYWQOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEROREPODAPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].ClOCl Chemical compound [La].ClOCl JEROREPODAPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVAAHQLXUXWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] MCVAAHQLXUXWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052650 alkali feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;yttrium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Y] PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H barium(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron yttrium Chemical compound [Fe].[Y] MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002094 microwave spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFKJCVBFQRKZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Y+3].[Y+3].[Y+3].[Y+3] GFKJCVBFQRKZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H tristrontium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[Sr+2].[Sr+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002460 vibrational spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000164 yttrium(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(iii) phosphate Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
- B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/30—Luminescent or fluorescent substances, e.g. for optical bleaching
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a value document such as a banknote and a method for checking the presence thereof.
- the authenticity assurance of value documents by means of luminescent substances has long been known. Preference is given to using rare earth-doped host lattices, wherein the absorption and emission ranges can be varied within a wide range by suitable tuning of rare earth metal and host lattice.
- the use of magnetic and electrically conductive materials for authenticity assurance is known per se. Magnetism, electrical conductivity and luminescence emission are mechanically detectable by commercially available measuring devices, and luminescence is also visual in sufficient intensity when emitted in the visible range.
- value document comprising particulate agglomerates, each containing at least two different (especially solid) homogeneous phases, wherein the first homogeneous phase is based on a luminescent substance emitting at a certain emission wavelength and the second homogeneous phase on one - Based luminescent, detectable by a spectroscopic method substance.
- the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method has in particular a wavelength in a range of 780 nm to 100 m.
- the luminescent substance of the first (in particular solid) homogeneous phase is based on a matrix-forming inorganic solid doped with one or more rare earth metals or transition metals.
- non-luminescent substance of the second (in particular solid) homogeneous phase is a substance detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, SER (Surface Enhanced Raman) spectroscopy or SEIRA (Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption) spectroscopy.
- a preferred combination is particle agglomerates having a first homogeneous phase of a luminescent substance emitting at a certain emission wavelength and having a second homogeneous phase of a non-luminescent substance detectable by means of SER (Surface Enhanced Raman) spectroscopy, wherein the exciting electromagnetic Radiation of the spectroscopic method is infrared radiation.
- SER Surface Enhanced Raman
- Another preferred combination provides encapsulated particle agglomerates having a second homogeneous phase from a non-particulate particle agglomerate.
- luminescent substance detectable by a SER (Surface Enhanced Raman) spectroscopy, wherein the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method is infrared radiation.
- Another preferred combination is particle agglomerates having a second homogeneous phase of a non-luminescent substance which can be detected by means of a surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, wherein the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method is infrared radiation.
- SEIRA surface enhanced infrared absorption
- Another preferred combination provides particle agglomerates having a second homogeneous phase of a non-luminescent, by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance
- Spectroscopy detectable substance wherein the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method are radio waves.
- Another preferred combination is particle agglomerates having a second homogeneous phase of a non-luminescent substance that can be detected by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy, where the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method is radio or microwaves.
- a statistical correlation function with respect to the measured values obtained is calculated and their amount compared with a threshold value.
- a correlation function normalized in magnitude to a value range of 0 to 1 an existing statistical correlation and thus authenticity is recognized if the amount is> 0.3, preferably> 0.5, and particularly preferably> 0.7.
- the procedure for assessing the authenticity of a value document can be as follows: In a first step, the measurement data of the spectroscopic method and the measurement data the luminescence intensities obtained at the specific emission wavelength. In a second step, the measurement data are normalized. In a third step, a transformation of the coordinate axes takes place, preferably a rotation through 45 ° in order to minimize the scattering of the data points along a coordinate axis. In a fourth step, the quantiles are determined in the direction of the two new coordinate axes, preferably the quartiles, and set their distances or differences in relation to each other. By comparing this ratio with previously determined threshold values, the authenticity of the value document is determined.
- the measured values of locations in the immediate vicinity of the measured values below the specific threshold value are also not used for the authenticity determination.
- Documents of value within the scope of the invention are items such as banknotes, checks, stocks, tokens, identity cards, passports, credit cards, documents and other documents, labels, seals, and items to be protected, such as CDs, packaging and the like.
- the preferred application is banknotes, which are based in particular on a paper substrate.
- Luminescent substances are used as standard for securing banknotes.
- the luminescence signals of the feature are naturally subject to certain fluctuations at the various locations.
- other authenticity features based on non-luminescent substances exist, which can be detected by means of spectroscopic methods.
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is based on exciting electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in a range of 1 m to 100 m, ie radio waves.
- Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) is based on exciting electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 1 cm to 1 m.
- the microwave spectroscopy is based on an exciting electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in a range of 1 mm to 10 cm.
- the sub-millimeter wave spectroscopy is based on an exciting electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in a range of 100 ⁇ to 1 mm (also known as terahertz radiation).
- the vibrational spectroscopy in particular Raman spectroscopy, more particularly the SER (Surface Enhanced Raman) spectroscopy or the SERR (Surface Enhanced Resonant Raman) spectroscopy, is based on exciting electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from 200 nm to 3 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 780 nm to 3 ⁇ , ie near infrared radiation.
- Infrared spectroscopy in particular SEIRA (Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption), is based on an exciting wavelength in the range from 800 nm to 1 mm, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 1 mm, ie medium and far infrared radiation.
- the present invention is based on the finding that a specific production of mixed, particulate agglomerates of a luminescent substance on the one hand and a non-luminescent, spectroscopically detectable substance on the other hand, the effect of a statistical Kor- relation of the intensity fluctuations of the measurement signal intensities of both substances result. In this way it is possible to distinguish the samples according to the invention by evaluating the agglomerate-related signal correlation of noncorrelating authenticity features.
- Non-correlating authenticity features are in particular the mixtures of individual, untreated pulverulent luminescent substances and powdery non-luminescent substances.
- the use of the above effect leads to an increase in the protection against counterfeiting, because non-correlating feature signals can be recognized as "spurious.”
- the number of possible codings can be increased from one coding, the two individual luminescent features Feature substances A and B and a non-luminescent feature substance C contains, by means of a targeted particulate agglomeration of respectively two or three of the feature substances in addition the four distinguishable variants (A + B), C / A, (B + C) / (A + C), B / (A + B + C) are generated, with the signals of the substances within a bracket correlating with each other.
- the particulate agglomerates according to the invention each contain at least two different solid solid phases, wherein the first solid homogeneous phase on a luminescent substance emitting at a certain emission wavelength (hereinafter also referred to as “luminescent feature substance”) and the second solid homogeneous phase is on a non-luminescent substance which can be detected by a spectroscopic method (hereinafter also referred to as “non-luminescent substance").
- luminescent feature substance ") wherein the exciting electromagnetic radiation of the spectroscopic method in particular has a wavelength in a range of 200 nm to 100 m, preferably 780 nm to 100 m.
- the particulate agglomerates are non-planar or platelet-like, but three-dimensionally expanded, in particular spherical or globular (for example elliptical) or fractal. This provides a direct analysis of the different solid homogeneous phases with simple methods such as e.g. complicated by light microscopy.
- non-luminescent feature substance means that the spectroscopically detectable feature substance is not a luminescence pigment, as is typically used in the prior art for securing banknotes and other value documents.
- the adhesion of the two substances, in the form of solid homogeneous phases, must be sufficiently strong that no separation of the two substances occurs during storage and processing, at least not in a degree which interferes with the production of safety features.
- the particulate agglomerates according to the invention may in particular be core / shell particles, particle agglomerates, encapsulated particle agglomerates or particles enveloped by nanoparticles. Particle agglomerates and encapsulated particle agglomerates are particularly preferred.
- the shell or capsule may be based on an inorganic or organic material (eg inorganic oxide or organic polymer). A shell of inorganic oxides, eg SiO 2 , is preferred.
- the agglomerates are preferably prepared by a special process in which the different security features (ie the luminescent substance and the non-luminescent substance) are mixed in a salt-containing aqueous solution at low shear forces and then an aqueous silicate solution is added.
- the silicate solution is neutralized by an acid source likewise added or already contained in the aqueous salt solution, and by means of the resulting SiO 2 combines the individual particles of the security features into solid agglomerates.
- an agglomerate can contain individual particles of two or more security features (luminescent or non-luminescent) and, in addition, individual particles of one or more inactive materials which themselves are not security features.
- the luminescent substance of the first solid homogeneous phase can be excited in particular by radiation in the infrared and / or visible and / or ultraviolet range for luminescence emission, preferably phosphorescence emission.
- the luminescent substance may be one in the visible or in the non-visible spectral range (eg in the UV or NIR range) be emitting substance. Luminescent substances that emit in the NIR range are preferred (the abbreviation NIR stands for near infrared).
- the luminescent substance of the first solid homogeneous phase contained in the particulate agglomerates may e.g. based on a matrix-forming inorganic solid doped with one or more rare earth metals or transition metals.
- the luminescent substance is also referred to hereinafter as "luminophore particle.”
- Suitable inorganic solids which are suitable for forming a matrix are, for example:
- Oxides especially 3- and 4-valent oxides such.
- titanium oxide alumina, iron oxide, boron oxide, yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, bismuth oxide, and more complex oxides such.
- B. grenade including u. A. e.g. Yttrium iron garnets, yttrium aluminum garnets, gadolinium gallium garnets;
- Perovskites including u.A. Yttrium-aluminum-perovskite, lanthanum-gallium-perovskite; Spinels, including u. A. zinc-aluminum spinels, magnesium-aluminum spinels, manganese-iron spinels; or mixed oxides, e.g. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide);
- Oxyhalides and oxychalcogenides in particular oxychlorides such. Yttrium oxychloride, lanthanum oxychloride; and oxysulfides, e.g. Yttrium oxysulfide, gadolinium oxysulfide;
- Sulfides and other chalcogenides e.g. Zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide;
- Sulfates in particular barium sulfate and strontium sulfate
- Phosphates in particular barium phosphate, strontium phosphate, calcium phosphate, yttrium phosphate, lanthanum phosphate, as well as more complex phosphate-based compounds such as apatites, among others.
- Silicates and aluminosilicates especially zeolites, e.g. Zeolite A, zeolite Y; zeolite-related compounds such as e.g. sodalites; Feldspats such. Alkali feldspar, plagioclase;
- inorganic classes of compounds such as e.g. Vanadates, germanates, arsenates, niobates, tantalates.
- the non-luminescent substance of the second solid homogeneous phase of the particulate agglomerate detectable by means of a specific spectroscopic method is preferably one by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (NQR), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), SER (Surface Enhanced Raman), Spectroscopy or SEIRA (Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption) spectroscopy.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- NQR nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy
- ESR electron spin resonance spectroscopy
- SER Surface Enhanced Raman
- SEIRA Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption
- ESR-active substance The non-luminescent substance detectable by ESR spectroscopy will hereinafter also be referred to as "ESR-active substance” or “ESR-tag”.
- NQR-active substance The non-luminescent substance detectable by NQR spectroscopy will hereinafter also be referred to as “NQR-active substance” or “NQR-tag”.
- SERS active substance The non-luminescent substance detectable by SER spectroscopy will hereinafter also be referred to as "SERS active substance” or "SERS tag”.
- the particulate agglomerate may, for example, be such that lumino-phor particles and SERS tags are combined with each other in the form of a particle agglomerate.
- a simple mixture of luminophore particles and SERS tags were introduced into the (paper) substrate of a value document, Both types of particles could be randomly distributed in the substrate. With such a random distribution, there is no correlation between the measured luminescence intensities and the measured SERS signals.
- an agglomerate of both particle types is introduced into the substrate of a value document, the two signals correlate with one another. Sites with relatively high luminescence intensities also show increased SERS signals, sites with relatively low luminescence intensities also show reduced SERS signals.
- a separation of the two substances is to be prevented.
- a simple mixture of strongly different particles such as luminophore particles of size 5 to 10 ⁇ m and SERS tags of size 100 nm
- a different installation behavior takes place. These include enrichment at different locations (eg at the paper fiber surface or in fiber spaces due to different surface charge of the particles), different dispersion behavior (eg clumping of the SERS tags in water), different retention properties (eg different retention properties in the paper web of a paper machine) or a mechanical segregation (eg a size separation by shaking movements during
- ESR-active substances as a safety feature u.a. for banknotes is known in the art (see, for example, US 4,376,264 A, US 5,149,946 A and DE 195 18 086 A).
- EP 0 775 324 B1 describes the use of substances as a safety feature which are excited by resonance in the high-frequency range without additional electrical or magnetic fields ("zero field"), in particular NQR-active substances.
- Particulate safety features based on microwave absorbers are described, for example, in EP 2 505 619 A1.
- the encapsulation of luminescent substances in a polymer or siliceous shell or the like is e.g. from WO 2011/066948 AI, US 2003/0132538 AI and WO 2005/113705 AI known.
- Another picture results from the combination of two different feature substances, e.g. a luminescent feature substance and a non-luminescent feature substance, to a particulate agglomerate (see FIG. 1).
- a particulate agglomerate obtained by agglomerating a mixture of feature substances "A" and "B” would combine both types of feature substances.
- FIG. 2 schematically compares the measurement signal intensities of the feature substances "A” and “B” at four locations of a paper substrate, wherein the densely dotted areas symbolize high signal intensities and the less dense areas less signal intensities.
- Feature substances "A” and “B”, each having a high measurement signal intensity are used in low amount. This results in some areas giving a high "Signal A” and some areas having a high “Signal B”. There is no relationship between the two signals, i. no statistical correlation.
- the term "pure substance agglomerate” is understood to mean an agglomerate which has only particles of a single particle type.
- Particulate agglomerates obtainable from particles "A” and particles "B” are used.
- the starting materials A and B may each have a high or a low intensity. This results in areas with increased “signal A” and at the same time increased “signal B” and areas with low “signal A” and at the same time low “signal B”. In other words, there is a statistical correlation between the two signals.
- the relationship between "Signal A” and “Signal B” shown on the right in Figure 2 is not necessarily directly proportional.
- the particulate agglomerates are ideally, but not necessarily, comprised of 50% particles A and 50% particles B. It is possible that a production method results in particulate agglomerates having a statistical internal distribution of features A and B.
- agglomerate compositions can be formed which on average consist of ten feature substance particles and contain agglomerates with a composition "5A + 5B", but also "3A + 7B” and “7A + 3B” etc. It is thus possible for example At a measuring position of the paper substrate where there is a high local concentration of agglomerates, a particularly strong signal of substance "A” is measured, but the signal of substance "B” is not significantly increased, but this is statistically unlikely Aging of the agglomerates is likely to be to some degree an accumulation or depletion of the signals of "A" and "B.” Thus, the signals correlate with each other, for further explanation of this correlation, use Example 1: Application Example 1:
- a common sensor For example, checking the signal wavelengths and the signal intensities would not detect any difference between the two sheets and recognize both as “identical” and “true”. However, if one additionally observes the correlation between the two signals of "A” and “B", clear differences between the leaves can be recognized.
- the leaves were measured on a device which automatically checks the signal strength of the two features A and B simultaneously at several measuring positions. To increase the number of data points, several points of the leaf were measured and evaluated. In the case of the sheet with the two "pure” substances, the signals of "A” and “B” fluctuate independently of each other, as shown in Figure 3.
- the dot distribution shown in FIG. 4 would ideally represent a line. Due to the statistical composition of the agglomerates, this behavior is often not present in reality, because for such behavior all agglomerates would have to have a fixed ratio of eg exactly 50% "A” content and exactly 50% "B” content. In practice, however, the generation of such systems or their approximation to this state is possible, for example by (1) an electrostatic preference for heterogeneous agglomeration, or (2) a massive increase in the number of particles per agglomerate, or (3) by use of nanoparticles, or (4) through controlled assembly of core-shell systems of defined sizes.
- the ratio of the intensities between "A” and "B" at arbitrary locations of the sheet is within a very narrow range of values, which is a property advantageous for authentication and also allows discrimination of correlating and non-correlating systems.
- the correlation can be detected at the microscopic level, ie for individual particles. For this purpose, a single agglomerate or a group of agglomerates is examined and it is checked whether they respectively show the properties of the individual substances "A" and "B" used for the construction of the agglomerates.
- Ranking Perform the calculations not on the original values, but on the ranking indices.
- Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient Bravais-Pearson correlation coefficient above applied to rank order indices.
- Kendall's Tau Examines how often all pairs of data points maintain order.
- the above correlation function can be calculated with respect to the measured values obtained and their amount compared with a threshold value.
- an existing statistical correlation and thus authenticity is recognized if the amount is> 0.3, preferably> 0.5, and particularly preferably> 0.7.
- Example 2 Method with several steps, with the aim of evaluating the length-to-width ratio of the point clouds obtained from the measured data (see FIG. 5). To minimize the influence of "outliers", In each case, the 25% of the highest or lowest signal values were ignored. Correlating point clouds are elongated and have a pronounced length-to-width ratio; in uncorrelated point clouds, their length and width are about the same.
- the evaluation of the authenticity of a value document can be carried out as follows: In a first step, the measurement data of the spectroscopic method and the measurement data of the luminescence intensities at the specific emission wavelength are obtained. In a second step, the measurement data are normalized. In a third step, a transformation of the coordinate axes takes place, preferably a rotation through 45 ° in order to minimize the scattering of the data points along a coordinate axis. In a fourth step, the quantiles are determined in the direction of the two new coordinate axes, preferably the quartiles, and set their distances or differences in relation to each other. By comparing this ratio with previously determined threshold values, the authenticity of the value document is determined.
- the value document according to the invention can additionally have a print, a watermark and / or a security element based on a security patch or a security strip.
- additional security elements are factors which interfere with the correct evaluation of the statistical correlation or cause an additional correlation effect which is not caused by the particular structure of the particulate agglomerate according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a comparison between the measurement signals of two non-correlating feature substances in an unprinted paper substrate and after overprinting with a striped pattern.
- overprinting e.g. by absorbing the radiation used for the excitation, which lowers the signal intensity of the two features used.
- attenuation of the signal occurs at the overprinted points, causing a spatial correlation of the signal intensities of both feature substances.
- This results in a similar effect as achieved by the use of particulate agglomerates according to the invention. Consequently, a clear distinction between "normal", i.e. non-inventive, features and features according to the invention is made more difficult, and therefore, by way of example, two ways are listed below which eliminate or reduce such undesired correlation effects caused by overprinting or the like:
- an additional at a separate emission wavelength luminescent or separately with the spectroscopic method introduced detectable component in the value document, which is non-correlating (correction component).
- a suitable, third non-correlating component and normalizing by its signal intensity for example, all of the disturbing effects described above disappear.
- luminescent substances which have particularly small or ideally no spatially dependent fluctuations in the luminescence intensity in an unmodified paper substrate, ie would have a spatially homogeneous luminous intensity without additional influences. Applied to the example shown in FIG. 6, this would mean that the periodic weakening due to the overprinted fringe pattern influences the third component in addition to the first two feature substances.
- the output states of all other components can be recalculated, thus eliminating all correlation effects that affect all three components equally, depending on the application case overprinting and thickness differences in the Substrate, but has no influence on correlation effects which affect only certain components, so that the agglomeration-based correlation effects according to the invention are not influenced.
- Correction Method 2 When the introduction of the above-mentioned third component is e.g. For cost reasons undesirable, other methods can be used depending on the application. If the measurement signal intensity is in an unmodified paper substrate, e.g. usually above a certain level
- Threshold value and will only become effective through overprinting effects or thickness changes. Changes in the paper substrate, etc. brought below this threshold, corresponding data points can be eliminated from the analysis. This method is particularly useful in cases of abrupt and sharp intensity changes, such as overprinting with sharply defined lines and areas, but less for gradual gradations of color with a smooth transition or filigree patterns. If the measured regions are locally close to one another, it is advantageous to likewise eliminate all adjacent measuring points when the threshold value is undershot at a measuring point (see FIG. 7). As a result, partially overprinted measuring ranges are excluded at the boundary of an overprinted region, even if their intensities are above the threshold value due to the only incomplete overpressure.
- FIG. 7 shows how overprinted measuring ranges are excluded below an intensity threshold value (designated by crosses in the figure). Subsequently, the adjacent areas are also excluded.
- particulate agglomerates according to the invention are described below in connection with FIG. 8 on the basis of preferred embodiments.
- a number of preparation processes are suitable for the production of the particulate agglomerates according to the invention, starting from a luminescent feature substance and a non-luminescent feature substance (and optionally one or more further feature substances). Normally, the previously isolated particles are caused to assemble into a larger unit. The larger unit thus obtained is then fixed so that the particles can no longer separate from each other during use as a security feature. It is crucial that the larger units contain as much as possible equal parts of both (or of the three or more) feature substances, with most production methods a random statistical mixture of the particles is obtained.
- the agglomerates contain only one particle type. This can e.g. then take place if the different feature substances are not thoroughly mixed before the assembly process, or if the combination of similar substances is favored by surface effects or the like. In the normal case, or if the synthesis procedures are carried out correctly, however, such effects are negligible.
- An important factor are the sizes of the particles that make up the agglomerate and the size of the resulting agglomerate itself.
- the agglomerates should not exceed a grain size of 30 ⁇ m, inter alia, to make it more difficult to detect the agglomerate particles in the paper substrate , Due to the application, however, larger particle sizes may be necessary.
- the particle size (D99) of the agglomerates is therefore preferably in the range from 1 to 100 ⁇ , particularly preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ , most preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ .
- macroscopic carrier bodies in which the different feature substances are incorporated for example planchettes or mottled fibers, can be used instead of the described particle agglomerates.
- These carrier bodies can then have sizes in excess of 100 ⁇ in individual or all spatial dimensions, eg having sizes in the millimeter range.
- the particles from which the agglomerate is composed should be significantly smaller than the agglomerate, since with decreasing size a higher number of particles per agglomerate can be incorporated.
- a higher number of incorporated particles increases the likelihood of a "suitable distribution" of both types of particles in the agglomerate, meaning the following relationship: If the starting material were so large that only three particles of substances A and B could form an agglomerate, Without exceeding the maximum agglomerate size, the combinations ⁇ '/, ⁇ ' /, ⁇ '/, ⁇ ' would be conceivable, but such a composition would be completely unsuitable for the use according to the invention, since 25% of the agglomerates would consist only of one single substance (AAA or BBB) and thus produce no correlation, the other 75% would consist of one-third of one substance and two-thirds of the second substance, and would thus produce only poor correlation values.
- small to medium size particles e.g. with a grain size between 1 and 5 ⁇ used.
- the ratio of the two substances A and B, from which the agglomerates are produced is ideally 1: 1, if both substances have the same intensity and grain size.
- an adaptation of this ratio may be advantageous. It may also be necessary under certain circumstances to adjust the quantitative ratio in order, for example, to generate a specific desired mean intensity ratio of both signals in the end product.
- the units referred to as "agglomerates” are according to one variant a disordered pile of adhering particles which have been fixed or permanently "stuck together" (see FIGS. 8 a and b). This can be done, for example, by cladding with a polymer or silica layer (see, for example, WO 2006/072380 A2), or by linking the particle surfaces to one another via chemical groups, etc. Such agglomerates are technically relatively easy to produce and are therefore preferred.
- the particles can have a different structure without losing functionality (see FIGS. 8 c, d and e).
- alternative embodiments, such as ordered agglomerates or core-shell systems may have advantageous properties (eg, a controlled particle distribution). However, their synthesis is usually more complex.
- Figure 8 with respect to the particulate agglomerates, the following examples are shown:
- core-shell particles wherein the core is formed by a first feature substance and the shell is formed by a plurality of second feature substances;
- core-shell particles wherein the core is formed by a first feature substance and the continuous, homogeneous shell is formed from a second material;
- the rare earth-doped yttrium-chromium perovskite from Example 2 of the specification DE19804021A1 is used.
- the ESR-active substance used is the strontium titanate doped with 1000 ppm of manganese, which is described in document US Pat. No. 4,376,264. Both substances are present as particles having average particle sizes in the range 1-5 ⁇ .
- the produced agglomerates are then added to the paper pulp during sheet production so that the agglomerates are contained in the resulting sheet in a mass fraction of 0.1 weight percent.
- the intensity of the signal of the respective security features is determined (luminescence intensity or intensity of the ESR signal). The measured signal intensities of the two different security features correlate with each other.
- the produced agglomerates are then added to the paper pulp during sheet production so that the agglomerates are contained in the resulting sheet in a mass fraction of 0.1% by weight.
- the intensity of the signal of the respective security features is determined (luminescence intensity or intensity of the SERS signal).
- the measured signal intensities of Both different security features correlate with each other.
- a single particle analysis can be performed.
- the luminescence properties of a single agglomerate in the sheet may be e.g. be examined with a suitable light-based microscope.
- the SERS properties of a single agglomerate can be studied, for example, by a suitable TERS setup (tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy) or a Raman microscope. Both the specific luminescence properties and the specific SERS properties of the security features used as starting materials can be detected in the individual particles of the agglomerates produced.
- the zero-field active material used is the manganese ferrite from example 2 in document WO 96/05522. Both substances are present as particles with average particle sizes in the range 1-5 ⁇ m.
- the agglomerates thus produced are used as a security feature in a security document, there is a spatial correlation between the luminescence intensity of the phosphor and the resonance signal of the zero-active substance.
- the particulate agglomerates used according to the invention can be incorporated in the value document itself, in particular in the paper substrate. Additionally or alternatively, the particulate agglomerates may be applied to the value document, e.g. be printed.
- the value document substrate does not necessarily have to be a paper substrate, it could also be a plastic substrate or a substrate having both paper components and plastic components.
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Abstract
Description
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DE102013016121.5A DE102013016121A1 (de) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Wertdokument und Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Vorliegens desselben |
PCT/EP2014/002642 WO2015043760A2 (de) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-29 | Wertdokument und verfahren zur überprüfung des vorliegens desselben |
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EP (1) | EP3049503B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013016121A1 (de) |
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DE102014016858A1 (de) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-08-20 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitsmerkmal und Verwendung desselben, Wertdokument und Verfahren zur Prüfung der Echtheit desselben |
DE102018129365A1 (de) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-28 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten |
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NL8000734A (nl) | 1980-02-06 | 1981-09-01 | Houtum & Palm Papierfab | Langs fysische weg identificeerbaar papier. |
ES8203280A1 (es) * | 1980-05-30 | 1982-04-01 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Perfeccionamientos en la fabricacion de papel moneda y simi-lares |
DE3669183D1 (de) * | 1985-12-05 | 1990-04-05 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Sicherheitspapier. |
FR2653251A1 (fr) | 1989-10-13 | 1991-04-19 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede d'authentification d'un objet par resonance paramagnetique electronique appareillage pour sa mise en óoeuvre et objet utilisable avec le procede. |
GB9002360D0 (en) | 1990-02-02 | 1990-04-04 | De La Rue Co Plc | Ink composition and components thereof |
IL110597A (en) | 1994-08-09 | 2002-11-10 | Micro Tag Temed Ltd | Method of marking, verifying and / or identifying an object and an instrument for performing the method |
DE19518086A1 (de) | 1995-05-17 | 1996-11-21 | Taplick Thomas Dr | Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung von flächenhaften Gebilden zum Schutz gegen Fälschung |
GB9609793D0 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-07-17 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Pigment compositions |
DE19804021A1 (de) | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Wertdokument |
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-
2013
- 2013-09-27 DE DE102013016121.5A patent/DE102013016121A1/de active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-09-29 EP EP14786602.4A patent/EP3049503B1/de active Active
- 2014-09-29 ES ES14786602.4T patent/ES2658715T3/es active Active
- 2014-09-29 WO PCT/EP2014/002642 patent/WO2015043760A2/de active Application Filing
- 2014-09-29 US US15/023,586 patent/US9540772B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3049503B1 (de) | 2017-12-13 |
DE102013016121A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
US20160215456A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
WO2015043760A2 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
US9540772B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
ES2658715T3 (es) | 2018-03-12 |
WO2015043760A3 (de) | 2015-06-25 |
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