Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/10—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08J2323/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
  • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils

Definitions

• composition with polyolefinic thermoplastic matrix with natural fiber fillers of coconut for the extrusion technologies for the manufacture of plastic parts and semi-finished products with higher utility properties.
• Polymeric materials and their composites belong to the most progressively developing materials because the polymeric materials represent the most important segment of the production and consumption by volume between all technical materials and there is no doubt that they are crucial to modern technical society.
• the current development of polymeric materials and their processing technologies will continue in increasing volume and the success of individual materials developed by basic and applied research will be crucially influenced by the ratio between the price and the utility value of the material.
• This research area also includes the replacement of glass fibers by natural fibers which are from the environmental point of view the subject of interest of polymer processors. Application of natural fibers is a significant material change which traditionally aims not only for the automotive industry, but also to the areas of consumer industry, medical applications, etc.
• the advantage of natural fibers is, in comparison with other fibrous materials (used in the manufacture of composites), their low weight, low abrasion (preventing the wear of the processing machines), burning, nontoxicity, biodegradability, good thermal and physical properties, easy recycling and in particular, the low price, independent of the price of oil.
• Another advantage is the possibility to apply other surface treatments, such as printing, coating, co-extrusion, etc., easy division without destroying and tool wear.
• the natural fibers are used in the industry as the reinforcement of shaped large-scale parts, e.g. wooden sawdust, containing cellulose fibers and nonwoven linen materials with the polypropylene.
• Production of wood-fiber material is at a fairly high level. It should be emphasized that these are especially the products resulting- from pressing, extrusion. At present, the fibrous materials are enforcing even in the field of injection, but the biggest boom came in extrusion technology, where the typical products are fence rods, casing, hollow profiles, boards, pallets, moldings, etc.
• the application of composites may be dated from the year 1908, when the composite material based on phenolic resin reinforced with wood flour was used for the first time (L. Baekeland).
• glass fiber of company Owens-Illincis Glass Co. (1933) the first fibreglasses were appearing, i.e. polymeric composites with glass fibers, e.g. coverings of aircraft radar (1942) or the parts of the bodywork of cars (1956, comp. Citroen), etc.
• the carbon, wood, ceramic fibers, etc. were applied for reinforcing purposes during the development of polymer composites.
• Wood is the most commonly used natural fiber for extrusion, but also other fibrous materials are used, such as bamboo, hemp, sisal, hay, straw, etc.
• the fibrous material is mainly made of spruce or just spruce mixed with fir, pine, beech and oak. Trade names of such products are then such Polywood , Bestwood or Lignocel .
• the fibers of precisely defined quality are the basis of the final product. Usually the soft woods are recommended to achieve high strengths.
• Known applications are components in a Mercedes C class, Daimler AG. (e.g. panels of the doors and acoustic insulation), the rear cover of bus engine, made from mat of natural fibers, etc.
• This technical solution aims the creating of a composite with the targeted composition of the thermoplastic polyolefenic matrix, additive and fiber filler on the basis of natural materials for the improvement of final and utility properties of the plastic parts with environmentally much lower capacity, compared to the 100% synthetic products.
• the essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that the composite contains from 45 to 87 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene for extrusion processes, from 10 to 50 weight % of natural fibers of coconut (the length of the fibers from 0.2 to 3 mm) and from 3 to 5 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride.
• the composite prepared by this way can be according to the requirements on the final and utility properties of parts and semi-finished products or according to the requirements of the process can be supplemented with other additives, such as lubricants, inorganic fillers, colours, UV stabilizers, biocides, flame retardants, etc.
• This percentage addition can be made in terms of reduction in weight % of natural fibers or in the reduction in weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene.
• the fibers of coconut of needed defined quality in terms of impacts and effects of temperature and strain during the process of fiber preparation, the process of granulation and further gradual process such as injection molding, are the basis of the composite.
• the obtained composite is supplied in granular form in terms of good bulk density and decrease of the dust, and it is intended in particular for technological processes of extrusion, but it is also applicable to other plastics processing technologies.
• polymer composite with polyolefinic thermoplastic matrix and fibers of coconut is described in the following examples, including an indication of the appropriate application, whereas the component A consists of polypropylene or polyethylene, component B of natural fibers of coconut (the length of the fibers from 0.2 to 3 mm), component C of additive based on maleic anhydride, component D of additives. Examples with no additives:
• Component A 87 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene
• Component B 10 weight % of natural fibers of coconut
• Component C 3 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride
• Component A 77 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene
• Component B 20 weight % of natural fibers of coconut
• Component C 3 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride
• Component A 67 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene
• Component B 30 weight % of natural fibers of coconut
• Component C 3 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride
• Component A 75 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene
• Component B 20 weight % of natural fibers of coconut
• Component C 3 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride
• Component D 2 weight % of other additives (pigment)
• Component A 77 weight % of polypropylene or polyethylene
• Component B 18 weight % of natural fibers of coconut
• Component C 3 weight % of additive based on maleic anhydride
• Component D 2 weight % of other additives (UV stabilizer)
• Polymer composite with polyolefmic thermoplastic matrix and fibers of coconut can be advantageously used for the production of plastic parts and semi-finished products by technology of extrusion, which is characterized by improved utility and final characteristics, for example mechanical properties, thermal and physical properties, dimensional stability, easy recycling, etc., economic savings, shorten production cycles, environmental aspects, etc. Industrial efficiency
• Polymer composite with polyolefinic thermoplastic matrix and fibers of coconut according to this technical solution is suitable for the production of plastic parts and semi-finished products by technology of extrusion and also by other different technological processes for plastics treatment.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-17 WO PCT/CZ2013/000109 patent/WO2015039635A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-09-17 EP EP13780308.6A patent/EP3046954A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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