EP3046124B1 - Schalt- und schutzeinrichtung für hochvolt-bordnetze - Google Patents

Schalt- und schutzeinrichtung für hochvolt-bordnetze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3046124B1
EP3046124B1 EP15194104.4A EP15194104A EP3046124B1 EP 3046124 B1 EP3046124 B1 EP 3046124B1 EP 15194104 A EP15194104 A EP 15194104A EP 3046124 B1 EP3046124 B1 EP 3046124B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bridge
switching
fuse
protection device
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15194104.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3046124A1 (de
Inventor
Andreas Minke
Karsten Haupt
Ernst-Dieter Wilkening
Hendrik-Christian Köpf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP3046124A1 publication Critical patent/EP3046124A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3046124B1 publication Critical patent/EP3046124B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/08—Terminals; Connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/02—Details
    • H01H21/16—Adaptation for built-in fuse
    • H01H21/165—Fuses mounted on, or constituting the movable contact parts of, the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/102—Fuses mounted on or constituting the movable contact parts of the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H2085/386—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc with magnetic or electrodynamic arc-blowing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2223/00—Casings
    • H01H2223/002—Casings sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/021—Bases; Casings; Covers structurally combining a relay and an electronic component, e.g. varistor, RC circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching and protective device for high-voltage vehicle electrical systems, in particular for high-voltage vehicle electrical systems in a motor vehicle.
  • Switchgear and protective devices for high-voltage on-board systems serve to carry the rated current as well as a possibly temporary overcurrent of the high-voltage on-board electrical system.
  • the high-voltage electrical system is preferably separated all poles at each turn-off.
  • the protective device serves to separate a high-voltage battery in the case of fault currents that are greater than the overcurrents.
  • the protective devices are usually designed as fuses.
  • the switching devices are preferably designed as a DC voltage switch in the form of a relay. Embodiments are also possible in all-pole disconnections, where a switching device is designed as a relay and a switching device as a power semiconductor.
  • the fuses usually used are hermetically sealed fuses with ceramic or plastic housings in which several fuse links with defined bottlenecks are connected in parallel.
  • the housings are additionally filled with an extinguishing medium such as sand.
  • an arc quenching device for an electrical installation switching device wherein the service switching device comprises a formed of a fixed and a movable contract item contact point.
  • the arc quenching device comprises a plurality of arc quenching plates having arc quenching package.
  • a switchgear and protection device for high-voltage vehicle electrical systems comprising a DC voltage switch and a fuse
  • the DC voltage switch comprises a housing, at least two fixed contacts and a bridge, which is designed to be movable to the fixed contacts.
  • the bridge is formed of an electrical insulator, wherein on the bridge, two contacts are arranged, which are arranged on the bridge, that they contact the stationary contacts upon movement of the bridge in the direction of the fixed contacts.
  • the two arranged on the bridge contacts are electrically connected to each other by the fuse.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a switching and protective device that requires less space.
  • the switching and protection device for high-voltage vehicle electrical systems includes a DC voltage switch and a fuse.
  • the DC voltage switch has a housing, at least two fixed contacts and a bridge, wherein the bridge is designed to be movable relative to the stationary contacts, wherein the bridge is moved by means of a linkage, for example, against a spring.
  • the housing is preferably hermetically, ie gas-tight, formed.
  • the bridge is formed of an electrical insulator, wherein on the bridge, two contacts are arranged, which are arranged on the bridge, that they contact in a movement of the bridge in the direction of the fixed contacts, the two contacts on the bridge through the Fuse are connected together.
  • the fuse is integrated into the switching device, which leads to a slight increase in the space of the switching device, but this leads to the elimination of the external fuse with its hermetic housing to an overall reduced space.
  • Another advantage is that the tripping characteristic of the integrated fuse can be set more precisely so that even reduced switch-off times can be achieved.
  • the contacts are bolted or potted or injected with the bridge.
  • the fuse is completely embedded in the bridge. Fully embedded means that the fuse is completely enclosed by the insulating material of the bridge (with the exception of the contact points to the contacts).
  • the embedding in the insulating material of the bridge allows a very compact design. To ensure the deletion of the switching arc while various additional measures are possible.
  • the bridge consists of a highly outgassing at the melting temperature of the fuse material such as preferably plexiglass or polyoxymethylene. This results in a large increase in pressure due to the formation of gas as well as simultaneous cooling by the chemical decomposition processes in the switching device, causing the erasing operation.
  • the bridge may also consist of a ceramic or more generally of a erosion-resistant, electrically insulating and thermally conductive material.
  • the basic idea is to extract thermal energy from the arc via the thermal conductivity of the material of the bridge in order to extinguish it.
  • electrically conductive rails are arranged parallel to the fixed contacts, between which an insulating body is arranged, which in each case has a gap relative to the rails.
  • the basic principle is analogous to the strongly outgassing material. Through the running rail of the arc is pressed into the narrow gap where it extends along and locally heated the insulator locally. Thus, it comes to outgassing, with the increasing pressure leads to a quenching of the arc.
  • conductive structures preferably wedge-shaped structures, can be arranged on the bridge, which are designed such that they direct the arc between the running rail and the insulating body, so as to accelerate the extinction.
  • quenching plates are arranged above the bridge, which are preferably arranged in parallel.
  • the quenching plates are further preferably made of brass or iron, which then form so-called magnetic splitter plate packages. Due to the magnetization they suck the arc between the sheets, which leads to a Series connection of multiple arcs leads, which then force the current to be disconnected to zero due to the overall higher arc voltage.
  • the relatively cold quenching plates additionally remove heat energy from the arcs, which leads to an increase in the resistance of the arcs. This leads to a fast extinction of the arcs.
  • an insulating body is arranged such that it is moved when melting the fuse between the contacts, so as to interrupt the arc.
  • the insulating body is preferably wedge-shaped. The movement of the insulating body can be triggered for example by means of a pyrotechnic propellant charge. Alternatively, a preloaded spring can be used, which relaxes when melting the fuse.
  • a switching and protective device 1 is shown.
  • the switching and protective device 1 has a hermetic housing 2, are led out of the two fixed contacts 3.
  • HV lines 4 can then be connected, which then connect, for example, the switching and protection device 1 with a HV battery, not shown, and a DC link.
  • the switching and protection device 1 on a bridge 5, which consists of an electrical insulator.
  • the bridge 5 is connected to a linkage 6, which is guided downward from the housing 2.
  • the linkage 6 is movable by a magnetic force against a spring or a similar actuator upwards.
  • the bridge 5 is connected to two contact elements 7.
  • the contact elements 7 each have a contact 8 and a hollow cylinder 9, which are interconnected by a base member 10.
  • a fuse 12 is arranged in the form of a wire 11 electrically conductive.
  • the connection between wire 11 and hollow cylinder 9 may be, for example, a clamping or screw connection. Other types of attachment are possible, but the attachment must be thermally stable.
  • the contact element 7 is then screwed to the bridge.
  • the connection between contact element 7 and bridge 5 can be made by alternative attachment methods. In this case, then the hollow cylinder 9 can also be replaced by another element for receiving the wire 11.
  • Hollow cylinder 9 and base member 10 are preferably in one piece.
  • the contact 8 is used in the illustrated embodiment as a separate part in the base member 10, but may also be integrally formed therewith. The contact 8 is matched to the shape and position of the fixed contacts 3.
  • the wire 11 is dimensioned such that it can carry the rated current as well as the operational overcurrent, whereas in case of fault currents greater than a threshold value, it evaporates explosively via the overcurrents.
  • the tripping characteristic of the wire 11 can be set very well in comparison to the prior art, so that the triggering can be faster and more reliable.
  • a rod 6 associated coil (not shown) is energized and due to a magnetic force, the linkage 6 moves against a spring force upwards. Then touch the contacts 8 and the fixed contacts 3, the electrical connection between the fixed contacts 3 is made.
  • the wire evaporates 11, wherein a forming arc is extinguished by means of the pressure increase due to the explosive evaporation.
  • the contacts 8 and the fixed contacts 3 preferably remain in contact so as not to form another arc.
  • FIG. 2 an alternative switching and protective device 1 is shown, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the cut compared to Fig. 1 was put differently.
  • the contact element 7 again has a contact 8 and a base element 10, which are riveted or soldered together, for example, which is indicated by the dashed line. Alternatively, these may be formed in one piece or the contact 8 is inserted into the base member 10.
  • the base member 10 is preferably bolted to the bridge 5, which is also indicated by the dashed line. Between the two base elements 10 is the fuse 12, which is partially embedded in the bridge 5 (also indicated by dashed lines). The connection between the fuse 12 and the base elements 10 is for example a plug connection.
  • the bridge 5 is preferably made of a strong outgassing material such as Plexiglas or POM (polyoxymethylene).
  • a further alternative switching and protective device 1 is shown, wherein the same elements are again provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the switching device is shown in the closed state, ie, the contacts 8 contact the fixed contacts 3.
  • the switching and protection device 1 has two rails 13, each extending parallel to the fixed contacts 3 and are screwed to them.
  • an insulating body 14 is arranged, which has in each case a gap on the rails 13 opposite sides. The gap runs parallel to the rails 13.
  • the insulating body 14 consists of a highly gassing material such as Plexiglas or POM.
  • the insulating body 14 is screwed to the housing 2, for example.
  • two conductive structures 15 are further arranged, between which the fuse 12 extends.
  • the lead structures 15 are wedge-shaped and screwed, for example, with the base elements 10.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP15194104.4A 2015-01-15 2015-11-11 Schalt- und schutzeinrichtung für hochvolt-bordnetze Active EP3046124B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015200507.0A DE102015200507A1 (de) 2015-01-15 2015-01-15 Schalt- und Schutzeinrichtung für Hochvolt-Bordnetze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3046124A1 EP3046124A1 (de) 2016-07-20
EP3046124B1 true EP3046124B1 (de) 2017-07-26

Family

ID=54539970

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15194104.4A Active EP3046124B1 (de) 2015-01-15 2015-11-11 Schalt- und schutzeinrichtung für hochvolt-bordnetze

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10276314B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3046124B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6165278B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101798730B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN105810515B (zh)
DE (1) DE102015200507A1 (zh)

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EP3345203B1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2019-08-28 BYD Company Limited Relay
AT517872B1 (de) * 2015-10-19 2017-08-15 Hirtenberger Automotive Safety Gmbh & Co Kg Pyrotechnische Trennvorrichtung
AU2018313692B2 (en) * 2017-08-07 2023-06-01 Depuy Synthes Products, Inc Folded MRI safe coil assembly
CN107768198B (zh) * 2017-08-25 2020-06-05 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司 一种带取样信号脚的直流继电器
DE102017125208B4 (de) * 2017-10-27 2021-08-12 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Elektrisches Sicherungselement sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Sicherungselementes
DE102018109389A1 (de) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Tdk Electronics Ag Schaltvorrichtung
CN108376632B (zh) * 2018-05-03 2024-01-16 杭州布雷科电气有限公司 一种自触发快速的分断器及其触发方法
DE102018213102A1 (de) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-06 Audi Ag Schütz für ein Fahrzeug
CN109036841B (zh) * 2018-10-15 2020-07-10 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 一种户外防触电与击穿的高压电容器保护装置
DE112020001447T5 (de) * 2019-03-26 2021-12-16 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Schutzsystem
FR3098006B1 (fr) * 2019-06-25 2021-07-09 Mersen France Sb Sas Coupe-circuit électrique
FR3131976B1 (fr) * 2022-01-18 2024-06-14 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur avec guides d’arc et protection intégrée aux guides d’arc, système et aéronef correspondant

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2016134383A (ja) 2016-07-25
CN105810515B (zh) 2018-09-14
US20160211087A1 (en) 2016-07-21
DE102015200507A1 (de) 2016-07-21
KR20160088228A (ko) 2016-07-25
CN105810515A (zh) 2016-07-27
JP6165278B2 (ja) 2017-07-19
KR101798730B1 (ko) 2017-12-12
US10276314B2 (en) 2019-04-30
EP3046124A1 (de) 2016-07-20

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