EP3044519A1 - Accumulateur de chaleur à haute température - Google Patents

Accumulateur de chaleur à haute température

Info

Publication number
EP3044519A1
EP3044519A1 EP14759193.7A EP14759193A EP3044519A1 EP 3044519 A1 EP3044519 A1 EP 3044519A1 EP 14759193 A EP14759193 A EP 14759193A EP 3044519 A1 EP3044519 A1 EP 3044519A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat storage
heat
storage block
removal device
block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14759193.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Rudolf QUAST
Peter Manfred RÖSSLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jess Energiespeichersysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
Jess Energiespeichersysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jess Energiespeichersysteme GmbH filed Critical Jess Energiespeichersysteme GmbH
Publication of EP3044519A1 publication Critical patent/EP3044519A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/186—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using electric heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/08—Use of accumulators and the plant being specially adapted for a specific use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/10—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overheating, e.g. heat shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat storage for storing
  • Heat energy in at least one heat storage block and at least one removal device for removal of stored heat energy and a method for controlling or regulating a withdrawal power from such a heat storage.
  • Shadow Power Plants is a very expensive backup solution.
  • a generic heat storage is known from DE 21 17103 A.
  • the stored heat energy is stored in a single metallic block.
  • This block is inductively heated, a spray nozzle protrudes into a cylindrical recess, which is used for evaporation of the of Spray nozzle introduced water is used.
  • the generated steam is condensed and fed back into the spray nozzle in a cycle.
  • Boiling point of water Above the core is a steam and
  • a tube extends from the steam and water space above the core into the core.
  • means are provided which provide said space with a water supply source and passage into the tube.
  • the system of water supply is self-regulating such that it maintains a pressure equal to the supply pressure, which can be very low. The water can be removed for this purpose from an auxiliary reservoir and fed to the system.
  • the resulting steam is condensed by the supplied cold water.
  • the water is thereby heated and can be supplied from the space above the core as hot water to a heater.
  • This prior art system limits the removable temperature or the medium in
  • the quantities of heat removed are thus at a temperature level below the boiling point.
  • the DE 6806870 U relates to an electrically heated heat storage furnace.
  • the memory core consists of memory blocks of ceramic material, which are crossed by metallic channels, which is a heating coil for the
  • Channels are arranged vertically in the ceramic material, whereby nothing is said about the circuit of the channels and even more about the presence and design of any Dampfsammeiraums.
  • GB 1344486 A describes a water heating system in which horizontal evaporator tubes are embedded in thermal storage blocks made of refractory material. The memory blocks are electrically heated. The horizontally arranged evaporator tubes are connected with their open end to a vertical steam pipe. The vertical steam tube forms a U which terminates with one open end in a closed condensate tank and the other end in an open part of a container. The container and the closed
  • Condensate tanks are approximately at the same level.
  • the heat is dissipated from the condensate compartment via a heat exchanger. Since the steam pipe ends above the condensate level, the resulting condensate via a separate line to the U-shaped end of the
  • the object of the invention is to drastically increase the temperature level and thus the heat storage quantity of solid-state heat storage devices, without the associated negative effects of the materials also exposed to these high temperatures, e.g. Steels, i. the steel pipes, which otherwise drastically limit the long-term durability of such an energy store.
  • the device task is used for a heat storage
  • Removal unit and heat storage block allows an increase in
  • the invention described here is characterized by an extremely high possible storage temperature and thus energy density, as well as the highest possible efficiency of the overall process, which is achieved by the constant output temperature performance available over a wide temperature range of the storage.
  • the energy storage takes place in a memory block from a
  • the ideal material has a maximum
  • Heat capacity to store a maximum of energy per room unit.
  • different materials are suitable, which can be found in the technical parameters, such as the spec. Heat capacity and the
  • Chamotte with a high proportion of AI203 allow, for example, already application temperatures of about 1 .450 ° C. At the same time they offer with a spec. Density of up to 2, 1 5 g / cm 3 also a comparatively high spec. Heat capacity.
  • the temperature range can be much higher, but usually disadvantages in terms of spec. Have heat capacity, which can completely or partially cancel the advantage of higher temperature.
  • Heat storage block at least one heat exchanger surface for a
  • Heat transfer from a fluid or an electric heating element in the heat storage block are provided. Alternatively, heat in the
  • Heat storage block either by means of a fluid or by means of an electrical element, a so-called heating cartridge, in the
  • Heat storage block are stored.
  • the feed takes place via the at least one heat exchanger surface, which advantageously has a surface
  • Memory material is formed, thus no material differences exist that can lead to mechanical stresses.
  • As the fluid both high-temperature gases and liquid metals can be used.
  • the heat is currently but preferably via electrical
  • Cartridge heaters introduced into the storage block.
  • the heat may be stored, as soon as technically suitable and economically useful fluids, e.g. Liquid metals, are available to use fluids for storage.
  • the high temperatures may well be e.g. be produced with parabolic trough solar systems.
  • the liquid medium is passed under low pressure in ceramic tubes through the heat storage. Also the direct introduction of bundled
  • Thermal radiation is possible via focusing and reflection.
  • Removal unit at least one evaporator surface for generating a phase change in a heat transfer fluid or for further overheating of a fluid that has already exceeded the point of phase change has.
  • Phase transformation of a passing liquid takes place.
  • this liquid will be water, but at other temperature levels, other liquids are also applicable.
  • water it is advantageous to increase the temperature level when this phase change takes place at higher pressures.
  • the evaporator surface is preferably formed by the inner surface of at least one tube, which is preferably embedded in a block whose material is in particular the material of
  • Heat storage block corresponds. This is the basic principle of this invention.
  • the memory block in which there are no metallic components except the heating cartridge itself, is separated from the device for heat extraction and thus can be up to the maximum temperature of the storage material or the maximum temperature of the devices for heat input, eg.
  • the heating cartridges are heated without the to damage steel used in the device for heat extraction.
  • the removal of the stored heat then takes place by means of a removal device made of a likewise highly heat-resistant block, i. the so-called heat extractor, in which pipes are embedded as heat exchangers, in which the introduced
  • Pipe collector bundles can additionally be equipped with exchanger surfaces.
  • Removal device is formed at least partially enveloping, serves to increase the withdrawal capacity.
  • Sizing can be the degree of coupling between
  • Heat storage block and removal device influence in a wide range. Also the functions of the coupling in dependence of the
  • Heat extractor is carried out at very high temperatures mainly by heat radiation.
  • the heat output which is transmitted by thermal radiation to the heat extractor, is by a controllable distance between the movable heat extractor and the actual
  • Heat storage regulated and / or controllable The objectives of this controllability are on the one hand the regulation of the output power of the memory. Even more important, however, is to increase the temperature of the heat extractor, regardless of the actual storage temperature, beyond the limits imposed by the creep rupture of the heat exchanger embedded therein.
  • Heat storage block and the removal device are arranged in a common housing, which preferably has a negative pressure.
  • the negative pressure causes a better isolation from the environment.
  • the heat storage block and the removal device are arranged in a common, preferably vertical axis, wherein the distance from the heat storage block and the removal device is designed to be motorically variable and preferably the weight of the moving part of
  • Heat storage block or the removal device is formed at least partially compensated. The possibility of the distance between
  • Entddlingtemperatur is and whose actuator is the means for changing the distance and whose controlled variable is the actual temperature of réelleauskopplers is. This goes up to the mechanical contact between heat extractor and heat storage, whereby in the course of further cooling, the decreasing heat radiation is increasingly replaced by direct heat conduction between the two bodies. If the tank temperature drops below the value of the defined and controllable
  • the stored energy can be exploited to an unavoidable minimum.
  • a combination operation by using very high storage temperatures in favor of the optimum efficiency for generating superheated steam. If the temperature of a memory block falls below the optimum temperature
  • Heat storage block on the sampling device can be adapted within wide ranges, if in a well formed by the heat storage block a quantity of heat-conducting fluid is provided.
  • a liquid metal is selected as the fluid, so that the liquid metal transfers heat by means of convection.
  • the physical laws of heat radiation are decisive only for those partial surfaces in which the intermediate space between the heat store and the removal device is not filled with liquid metal.
  • the storage tank can be designed to be very easy to maintain, so any components requiring maintenance or repair can be accessed from above once the insulation has been removed. Thus, both the heat extractor and the heating cartridges can be removed and replaced without shutting down the memory in compliance with appropriate security measures.
  • the increased energy density due to the higher temperature allows smaller storage tanks with the same energy content.
  • Heat extractor can be controlled by the adjustable temperature of the
  • Memory and the heat extractor is measured at intervals or permanently, in order to derive the necessary manipulated variable for the correction.
  • the sampling device can be controlled at any time so that the introduced water does not evaporate, but only heated.
  • the memory takes over the function of a water heater and can thus replace the usual boiler including hot water tank.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a vertical section through the invention
  • Figure 4 is a vertical section through the invention
  • Figure 5 is a vertical section through the invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of the invention
  • FIG. 5 The schematized perspective view of the heat accumulator 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of the heat accumulator 1 into a heat storage block 2 and a removal device 3
  • Heat storage block 2 and the removal device 3 are located on a common central axis 16 and are in this axis 1 6 relative to each other displaceable. For the sake of clarity, the drives to enable this displacement are not shown.
  • the removal device 3 has on its upper side 21 a plurality of supply lines 22 for supplying water. The steam formed in the extraction device 3 is over the
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the heat accumulator according to the invention.
  • the water supplied for the production of steam through feed line 22 first flows into annular distributors 24 from which it is passed into vertically oriented tubes 10.
  • the steam generated in the extraction device 3 is then removed through the steam line 23.
  • the heat storage block 2 is heated by means of four heating elements 6, which are arranged uniformly distributed in the corner regions of the storage block 2.
  • Removal device 3 can be the vertical section through the
  • Heat storage according to the invention under load according to section line A-A of Figure 3 refer.
  • the water supplied by the supply lines 22 of the removal device 3 is first of the ring manifolds 24 by pipes 1 0 vertically passed into a block 1 1 of a material 1 2, in which the tubes 10 are embedded, and thus form a replacement head 25.
  • an insulator 28 is arranged, which reduces heat losses to the surroundings of the heat accumulator.
  • FIG. 4 shows a vertical section which diagonally intersects the heat accumulator 1, so that those provided in the heat accumulator block 2 too Heating cartridges or heating elements 6 are visible.
  • the heating function of the heating element 6 can also be controlled by a fluid 5 which has been passed through
  • the memory block 2 is surrounded by a good thermal insulator 28 in the housing 1 5, so that also an uncontrolled heat loss
  • Heat storage block 2 is avoided.
  • Extraction device 3 and heat storage block 2 partially envelop each other. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, they are telescopically displaceable relative to each other. As a result, the distance 17 between heat storage block 2 and removal device 3 can be changed.
  • Modification suitable drives are provided, which can form the expert, for example, as a piston-cylinder units or spindle nut drives that are synchronized with each other.
  • the generated steam is removed by means of a collecting bell 30 and fed via steam line 23, for example, to generate electrical energy of a turbine.
  • the material 1 3 of the heat storage block 2 is preferably a dense high temperature resistant mass, the corresponding amount of heat energy
  • the material 1 2 of the removal device 3 may consist of the same material, so that both materials have a similar expansion behavior.
  • the externa ßere contour of the exchange head 25 is bell-shaped convex and immersed in a corresponding
  • Removal device 3 is initially based essentially on
  • Heat storage block 2 is filled by a fluid, preferably a liquid metal.
  • FIG. 3 shows such a liquid medium 31 in the form of blackening.
  • the upper mirror of the medium 31 is located below the upper edge of the trough 1 8.
  • the representations of Figures 3 and 4 thus show the state in which heat is removed from the heat storage block 2 via the exchange head 25. That is, the exchange head 3 is thermally coupled to the heat storage block 2.
  • FIG. 6 shows a vertical section, as already shown in FIG. 3, but with a considerably higher distance 17
  • the liquid medium 31 in Figure 3 still had almost the entire

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur de chaleur (1) servant à stocker de l'énergie thermique dans au moins un bloc accumulateur de chaleur (2) et un dispositif de prélèvement (3) servant prélever de l'énergie thermique stockée. Selon l'invention, pour prélever de l'énergie de façon uniforme dans l'accumulateur, le bloc accumulateur de chaleur (2) et le dispositif de prélèvement (3) sont configurés séparément et de façon à pouvoir coulisser l'un par rapport à l'autre. Au moins une surface d'échange de chaleur (4) servant à transférer de la chaleur d'un fluide (5) ou d'un élément de chauffage électrique (6) dans le bloc accumulateur de chaleur (2) peut être disposée dans le bloc accumulateur de chaleur (2) et, pour prélever de l'énergie thermique dans le bloc accumulateur de chaleur (2), le dispositif de prélèvement (3) possède au moins une surface d'évaporation (7) servant à produire un changement de phase dans un fluide caloporteur (8).
EP14759193.7A 2013-09-13 2014-09-04 Accumulateur de chaleur à haute température Withdrawn EP3044519A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013110117.8A DE102013110117A1 (de) 2013-09-13 2013-09-13 Hochtemperaturwärmespeicher
PCT/EP2014/068872 WO2015036318A1 (fr) 2013-09-13 2014-09-04 Accumulateur de chaleur à haute température

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3044519A1 true EP3044519A1 (fr) 2016-07-20

Family

ID=51492331

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14759193.7A Withdrawn EP3044519A1 (fr) 2013-09-13 2014-09-04 Accumulateur de chaleur à haute température

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160223268A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3044519A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105814371A (fr)
DE (1) DE102013110117A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015036318A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101381370B1 (ko) * 2013-02-18 2014-04-04 김병균 금속 열 저장장치
DE102017219593A1 (de) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Wärmespeichervorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines thermischen Ladezustands einer Wärmespeichervorrichtung

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GB1296992A (fr) * 1969-03-20 1972-11-22
DE2117103A1 (de) 1971-04-07 1972-10-26 Vitt, Gerhard, 5070 Bergisch Glad bach, Baur, Eduard, Dipl Ing , 5256 Waldbruch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeu gen eines erhitzten Mediums fur Beheizungs zwecke
GB1344486A (en) 1972-07-21 1974-01-23 Electricity Council Water heating systems
DE2607168C3 (de) * 1976-02-21 1981-04-09 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5300 Bonn Vorrichtung zum Austauschen von Wärme
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DE102007046133B4 (de) * 2007-05-04 2011-05-05 Jess Gmbh Wärmespeicher zur Speicherung von Energie
JP2009254795A (ja) * 2008-03-18 2009-11-05 Nippon Koden Corp 液体温度調整装置
DE102008040281A1 (de) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kühlung von Bauteilen
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See also references of WO2015036318A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160223268A1 (en) 2016-08-04
DE102013110117A1 (de) 2015-04-02
CN105814371A (zh) 2016-07-27
WO2015036318A1 (fr) 2015-03-19

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