EP3042998A1 - Method for introducing a soil foundation and soil foundation which is produced by said method - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method for placing in the soil of a ground foundation, consisting of a ground dowel (5) and an axially projecting and underside ground anchor (11) with expansible steel wires (14), into the ground a hole (18) with a slightly smaller cross-section larger than that of the ground anchor of the foundation. Thereafter, the hole is preferably 2/3 height filled with soft concrete mortar (20) and the ground foundation (1) inserted and hammered to the intended depth, whereby the thereby displaced concrete mass penetrates into the soil and in the end region of the anchor a balloon-shaped extension (28 ) forms as a concrete base (15). Then, a Austreibdorn (23) is inserted and hammered into the ground anchor, whereby the steel wires are driven out like a spiral and engage in the soft concrete mass of the base. The ground foundation (1) obtained in this way has, in its ground state, a ground anchor (5) with a balloon-shaped concrete base (15) at its lower area, in which steel wires (14) driven out of its tip are anchored.

Description

The invention relates to a method for introducing a ground foundation which can be hammered into the ground and to a soil foundation introduced thereby in accordance with the preamble of claims 1 and 8, respectively.

Ground anchors, which have a pull-out resistance, are available in different versions. So there are the ground dowels of the company Krinner GmbH, 94342 Straßkirchen (www.krinner.de), which are screw-in foundations and are designed from the outset for resistance to pulling out. However, these screw foundations do not withstand very high pull-out forces, especially when they are placed in softer soils.
There are also Eischlagbodenfundamente as the company Gebr. Sträb GmbH & Co., 73240 Wendlingen (www.straeb.de), see in the EP 02 43 376 B1 , which have advantages when driving in and at the post attachment, but have relatively low pull-out resistances.
This disadvantage has been partially improved with the placement of these dowels with knock-in steel steel wires, see DE 100 56 627 C1 , A disadvantage of these claw dowels, however, is that in the installed state of the dowel, the steel wires are loose soil and thereby stretch at a greater vertical load, the wires and the ground dowel can be easily lifted by an amount of several centimeters from the ground. For an application against vandalism, such as the ripping of wastebaskets, this species was sufficient. In the case of installation of these anchors for the anchoring of buildings, roofing, tents or carports such a yielding is inadmissible.

The object of the invention is thus to provide a method and soil foundation of the above-mentioned type by which a rigid connection in the ground without slippage with a corresponding increase in the pull is achieved, with low additional work and little or no additional tooling.

This object is achieved by a method and a ground foundation with the features of claim 1 and 8, respectively. Advantageous embodiments are characterized in the correspondingly dependent subclaims.

• Zuerst wird ins Erdreich ein vorzugsweise vertikales Loch eingebracht, dessen Durchmesser denselben oder einen geringfügig kleineren Querschnitt aufweist wie der Bodendübel (2) des eizubringende Bodenfundaments (1) und das eine größere Höhe besitzt als diejenige des Bodenfundaments.
• Dann wird das vorbereitete Loch auf ca. 1/2 - 3/4, vorzugsweise 2/3 seiner Höhe mit weichem Beton-Mörtel befüllt, je nach Terrain, wonach das Bodenfundaments in dieses eingesetzt und bis auf vorgesehene Tiefe eingeschlagen wird. Dabei wird die im Loch befindliche Betonmasse durch das Dübelrohr verdrängt und am Lochgrund seitlich und nach unten ins Erdreich gedrückt, wobei die Betonmasse ihrerseits das Erdreich verdrängt und/oder in dieses eindringt und in diesem Bereich eine ballonförmige Erweiterung (17 bildet), die sich in der unteren Zone des Rohraußenmantels und der Dübelspitze erstreckt.
• Danach wird ein Eintreibdorn in den Bodendübel so eingesetzt, daß dessen unterer Austreibschaft in den die Stahldrähte tragenden Bodenanker von oben her axial eingreift und dann axial eingeschlagen. Dadurch werden die Stahldrähte ausgetrieben, treten aus der Bodenanker-Spitze aus, dringen schraubenförmig in die Betonmörtel-Bodenmasse ein und bilden einen Betonsockel, der einen Formschluss in der Vertikalen mit dem Erdreich bildet. Nach Verfestigung bzw. vollständiger Austrocknung des Betonsockels kann eine Belastung des Bodenfundaments gegen Herausziehen erfolgen.
• Es ist zu erkennen, daß mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens eine relativ einfache und sehr sichere Einbringung eines Bodenfundaments möglich ist. Es wird eine starre Verbindung im Boden erreicht, ohne Schlupf, mit entsprechender Erhöhung der Ausziehkraft. Dies bei niedrigem zusätzlichen Arbeitsaufwand und ohne oder geringem zusätzlichem Werkzeugaufwand.

Accordingly, in the method according to the invention for incorporation into the soil of a ground foundation, which consists of a ground dowel and therein axially arranged and underside outstanding ground anchor with expansible steel wires, the procedure is as follows:

• First, a preferably vertical hole is introduced into the ground, whose diameter has the same or a slightly smaller cross-section as the ground dowel (2) of the ground foundation (1) to be introduced and which has a greater height than that of the ground foundation.
• Then the prepared hole is filled to about 1/2 - 3/4, preferably 2/3 of its height with soft concrete mortar, depending on the terrain, after which the ground foundations are inserted into this and hammered to the intended depth. The concrete mass in the hole is displaced by the dowel tube and pressed laterally and down into the soil at the hole bottom, the concrete mass in turn displaces the soil and / or penetrates into this area and in this area a balloon-shaped extension (17 forms), located in the lower zone of the outer tube shell and the dowel tip extends.
• Thereafter, a drive-in mandrel is inserted into the ground anchor so that its lower expulsion axially engages in the ground wires carrying the steel wires from above and then hammered axially. As a result, the steel wires are expelled, emerge from the ground anchor tip, penetrate helically in the concrete mortar soil mass and form a concrete base, which forms a positive connection in the vertical with the soil. After hardening or complete drying out of the concrete base, a load of the soil foundation can take place against pulling out.
• It can be seen that with the aid of this method, a relatively simple and very safe introduction of a foundation soil is possible. It is achieved a rigid connection in the ground, without slippage, with a corresponding increase in the pull. This with low additional work and no or little additional tooling.

It is advantageous if the prepared hole is about 3 to 6 times deeper than the diameter of the pipe (3), starting from the maximum penetration depth of the ground anchor. As a result, a sufficiently large mortar storage or an extended action zone is provided.

In addition, the use of a ground foundation is advantageous, the ground dowel has a tip with folds, which has at an acute angle "A" and "B". Through this, a lateral pressure is exerted on the enclosed mortar, so that it penetrates into the adjacent soil and this displaced and / or mixed with this.

When using a ground foundation whose ground dowel has a dome end ball or conical dome with a spherical tip, the pressure exerted by the hammering of the mortar pressure will also exert lateral forces on the adjacent soil, so that the mortar penetrates into this.

According to the invention, there is also the advantageous possibility of extracting the freshly ground foundation again in the case of a relatively loose soil and filling the hole once more with soft mortar and hammering the foundation again until the worker experiences a large enough resistance to driving. The worker can monitor the rubbing work of the foundation in the ground, where he can draw conclusions as to whether the concrete has mixed with the soil according to the impact force at the end of the pipe.

Of particular advantage is that at least one further ground foundation at a small distance parallel or obliquely to this can be introduced tapering to the tip and thereby expelled steel wire anchors overlap in the then common large concrete base or interlock. As a result, z. B. to a vertically introduced soil foundation at least one further soil foundation obliquely be introduced so that the lower Eindringpitzen immediately adjacent to each other. The result is a common, larger concrete base, in which the expelled steel wires penetrate more freely and can get caught in this and each other.

The object is also achieved by a hammered ground foundation for fixing in the soil of rod-shaped objects, in particular posts and / or anchors of structures, which is prepared according to the method of claims 1-7.
Accordingly, the ground foundation has a ground dowel with a tube having an inner channel for the rod-shaped object, which is provided with a tip in its eggshaped in the lower end and which is provided at its upper end with a Einschlagteil. In this case, the ground anchor is provided with a coaxial and at least slightly protruding from the lower tip rod-shaped ground anchor with expelled steel wires. In addition, the bottom anchor has in the region of its lower end and beyond a balloon-shaped concrete base, whose diameter is greater than the tube diameter or outer jacket of the ground evil and in the interior of which spirally expelled steel wires are embedded.

It is advantageous if the concrete base also includes a part of the outer tube shell, whereby the concrete base has a greater length and thus the possibility of an overall larger crown.

Depending on the type of soil dowel used for the concrete foundation, the lower dowel end may have a tip which has a plurality of converging folds, conical, spherical or conical-crowned is formed as a dome. It is important that the tip of the possibility of sufficient displacement and the impressions of soft concrete from the hole in the soil of the lower hole zone allows.

The anchor steel wires may be welded or jammed together at their rear end (11), thereby providing optimum cohesion.

The lateral surface acts according to the invention as a displacement body, while the angles A and B of introduced into the ground anchor wedge-shaped folds or lateral surfaces are selected to be smaller according to the laterally required contact pressure of the mortar smaller or higher pressure requirements.

Overall, a ground foundation according to the invention is present, which forms a balloon-shaped concrete base at its front end, which receives a reinforcement by the spiral wires and through these anchoring wires, which can extend to outside the concrete base into the surrounding soil and are simultaneously firmly connected to the ground anchor.

• Fig. 1: einen vertikalen Schnitt eines Bodenfundaments in erster Ausführung, in eingebautem Zustand,
• Fig. 2 bis 7: die aufeinanderfolgenden Verfahrensschritte des Einbringens des Bodenfundaments, so:
• Fig. 2: den 1. Schritt des Vorlochens,
• Fig. 3: den 2. Schritt des Einschlagens des Bodenfundaments in das mit Beton teilverfüllte Loch,
• Fig. 4: den Beginn des 3. Schrittes des Austreibens der Stahldrähte, nämlich das Einsetzen eines Einschlagdornes in ein Bodenfundament in zweiter Ausführung,
• Fig. 5: ein fortgeschrittenes Stadium des 3. Schrittes den 4. Schritt des Austreibens der Stahldrähte aus einem Bodenfundament wie in Fig. 4,
• Fig. 6 eine unmittelbar benachbarte parallele Anordnung von zwei Bodenfundamenten in erster Ausführung, und
• Fig. 7 eine zueinander winkelige Anordnung von drei Bodenfundamenten in erster Ausführung, mit den Dübelspitzen zueinander weisend.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• Fig. 1 : a vertical section of a ground foundation in the first embodiment, in the installed state,
• Fig. 2 to 7 : the successive steps of placing the foundation in the ground, thus:
• Fig. 2 : the first step of pre-punching,
• Fig. 3 the second step of breaking the foundation into the hole filled with concrete,
• Fig. 4 : the beginning of the third step of expelling the steel wires, namely the insertion of a wrapping mandrel in a ground foundation in the second embodiment,
• Fig. 5 : an advanced stage of the 3rd step the 4th step of expelling the steel wires from a ground foundation as in Fig. 4 .
• Fig. 6 an immediately adjacent parallel arrangement of two ground foundations in the first embodiment, and
• Fig. 7 a mutually angular arrangement of three ground foundations in the first embodiment, facing each other with the dowel tips.

Fig. 1 illustrates how a known soil foundation 1 (see DE 100 56 627 C1 ) is used in the soil 2 and carries a post 3 used. This ground foundation consists of a ground dowel 5, a tubular body 6 with a Channel 7 in the form of an inner cylindrical opening has, for concentrically receiving the post 3. The ground dowel has at its pointing in the direction of strike lower end a tip 8 with several converging folds 9, while at its upper end a hitting piece 10, such as cup-shaped ring, Bell or angled plate, is present. This is aligned with its upper end face aligned with the ground in the struck state or just above, depending on the provided therefor provided clamping device for the post and also serves for driving and supporting the ground anchor in / on the ground.
In the interior of the ground anchor an axially extending ground anchor 11 is provided, the cylindrical anchor shaft 12 penetrates the tip of the ground anchor, is welded to this and ends in an anchor point 13, which protrudes from the ground anchor while improving its Einschlagageigenschaften. Inside the anchor shaft are a bunch of several steel wires 14, which are summarized at its upper end, thereby releasing an at least short upper clear width in not yet deployed situation, for introducing a Einschlagdornes. In Fig. 1 the ground anchor is already activated, ie the steel wires 14 are already expelled, rolled in a spiral and are spread substantially horizontally and star-shaped in the ground. As a result, a steel wire ring is present around the dowel end, which is embedded in a zone surrounding the dowel tip 13 and outer tube shell 16 concrete base 15 which is located in a balloon-shaped extension 17 and reach out of this / m out into the surrounding soil or intervene in this.

In Fig. 2 - 5 are shown sequential essential steps in the introduction of the ground foundation.
So illustrated Fig. 2 the first step, namely the pre-punching. Here, by means of an earth borer 19 in the soil 2, a hole 18 einacht, whose diameter is designed according to the outer diameter of the ground dowel or pipe body 6, namely approximately the same size or slightly smaller. Its height, in turn, is greater than that of the ground foundation, namely by 3 to 6 times the diameter of the tubular body.

Fig. 3 shows the 2nd step of the impact of the soil foundation in the concrete mortar 20 partially filled hole 18. Here is the bottom foundation 1 with its tip 8, from which the anchor tip 13 protrudes, but the steel wires 14 are not expelled, but only slightly point out, introduced into the upper end of the hole 18. It is illustrated how using a driving tool 21, z. B. hammer, compressor hammer o. Ä., Impacting the impact piece 10 of the ground dowel is acted upon.
Fig. 4 shows the beginning of the third step, namely the expulsion of the steel wires 14. The ground foundation 1 is already fully hammered in the hole 18, wherein the case displaced down concrete mortar radially displaced the soil and / or has penetrated into this and a Extension 28 forms, filled with the mortar, a concrete base 15 represents. In this case, there is a Austreibdorn 23 inserted into the bottom foundation that its shank 24 extends into the upper end of the armature shaft 12, without acting on the upper end 17 of the steel wire bundle displaced, while his head 25 also guided briefly in the tubular body 6 begins to immerse. The steel wires have not yet been expelled from the anchor point. The hammer is then acted upon the upper head end face of Austreibdornes 23 and causes the expulsion. Here is a ground anchor in the version with a top 8 with a spherical or conical-crowned dome 26 is shown.

In Fig. 5 the already performed process step of the expulsion of the steel wires 14 is shown. Here is the shaft 24 of Austreibdornes 23, almost completely struck in the armature shaft 12, wherein the upper end 17 of the steel wire bundle was moved axially with accordingly. As a result, the steel wires have been expelled from the anchor point and now extend spirally curved radially through the concrete base 15 into the ground. 2

Fig. 6 shows a directly adjacent parallel arrangement of two floor foundations 1 and 1 ', each with completely expelled steel wires 14. The respective concrete base 15 are fused to a double base 29, while the steel wires are partially interlocked.

Finally shows Fig. 7 a mutually angular triple arrangement, namely the arrangement of three floor foundations 1, with the respective dowel tips 8 facing each other. Here, a post 2 is used only in the middle, vertically aligned pipe, while the two obliquely used ground foundations serve only the support of the middle Bodenfundamens. Here, the respective concrete base 15 are fused to a triple base 30 in which the steel wires 14 are interlocking with each other. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> 1. floor foundation 17th Top end Second post 18th hole Third soil 19th auger 4th --- 20th Concrete mortar 5th ground anchor 21st Impact tool, hammer 6th pipe body 22nd --- 7th channel 23rd Austreibdorn 8th. top 24th shaft 9th Einfalzungen 25th head 10th Hitting piece, bell 26th dome 11th ground anchor 27th --- 12th anchor shank 28th extension 13th anchor tip 29th double pedestal 14th steel wire 30th Triple base 15th concrete base 31st Angle A 16th outer sheath 32nd Angle B

Claims (12)

Method for placing in the soil of a ground foundation, consisting of a ground anchor and in it axially arranged and underside protruding ground anchor with expansible steel wires, comprising the following steps: - introduction into the soil of a hole (18) whose diameter has the same or a slightly smaller cross-section as the ground anchor (5) of the ground foundation (1) to be introduced and which has a greater height than that of the ground foundation, Filling of 1/2 - 3/4, preferably 2/3 height of the prepared hole with soft concrete mortar (20), - Insertion and hammering of the ground foundation (1) in the hole (18) to the intended depth, which penetrates through the displacement of the concrete mass jammed in the pipe laterally and downwards into the soil at the hole bottom and thus in this area a balloon-shaped extension (28 ) is formed opposite to the pipe diameter, - inserting a Austreibdornes (23) in the ground anchor (5) so that the lower shaft (24) in the ground anchor (11) engages axially, - Hitting the Austreibdornes (23) and thus expelling the steel wires (14), wherein a load of Bodenfundaments against pulling takes place only after complete drying of the concrete mortar (20). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
is that the prepared hole (18) by about 3 to 6 times deeper than the diameter of the tubular body (6), starting from the maximum penetration depth of the soil foundation. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
that when using a base foundation (1), the ground dowel (5) has a tip (8) with folds (9), the projecting at an acute angle "A" (31) and "B" (32) enclosed conically to the central axis Foldings exert a lateral pressure on the enclosed mortar, so that this in the adjacent soil (2) penetrates and this displaced and / or mixed with this. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
that when using a base foundation (1), the ground dowel (5) has a dome end ball or conical dome (26) with spherical tip exert the pressure exerted by the hammering mortar pressure in side forces on the adjacent soil and the mortar in this invades. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
that in relatively loose soil, the freshly ground foundation (1) is pulled out again and the hole (18) once or more times filled with soft mortar (20) and the bottom foundation is hammered again until the worker the driving resistance appears large enough , Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the worker supervises the rubbing work of the ground foundation and that this gives him any conclusions as to whether the concrete has mixed with the earth according to the impact force at the end of the pipe. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
that at least one further ground foundation (1) at a small distance parallel or obliquely to this on the tip (8) is introduced tapering and thereby expelled steel wire anchors in the then common concrete base (29 o-30) overlap or interlock. Foldable ground foundation for fixing rod-shaped objects, in particular posts and / or anchors of structures in the ground, produced by the method according to claims 1-7, comprising - A ground dowel (5) having an inner channel (7) for the rod-shaped object having tubular body (6), which is provided in its pointing in Eischlagrichtung lower end with a tip (8), while at its upper end with a Einschlagteil effective hitting piece (10) is provided, wherein the ground anchor with a coaxial and at least slightly from the lower Tip (8) outstanding rod-shaped ground anchor (11) is provided with expelled steel wires (14),
characterized,
that the bottom foundation (1) in the region of its lower end and beyond, has a balloon-shaped concrete base (15) whose horizontal diameter is greater than the diameter of the tube body (6) of the soil plug and embedded in the interior of the spirally expelled steel wires (14) are and at least partially protrude radially from this. Ground anchor according to claim 8, characterized
that the concrete base (15) also comprises a part of the outer tube shell (16). Ground anchor according to claim 8, characterized
that the lower plug end has a tip (8) having a plurality of converging folds (7) or is formed spherically or conically-cambered as a cup (26). Ground anchor according to claim 1, characterized
in that the anchor steel wires (14) are welded or clamped together at their rear upper end (17). Ground anchor according to claim 8, characterized
in that the outer jacket (16) of the tube acts as a displacement body and that the angles A (31) and B (32) of the wedge-shaped folds (9) or lateral surfaces introduced in the ground anchor are selected to be smaller or larger in accordance with the laterally required press-fit pressure of the mortar are.

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