EP3042216A1 - Method and communication apparatus for validating a data content in a wirelessly received communication signal, and use of the communication apparatus - Google Patents

Method and communication apparatus for validating a data content in a wirelessly received communication signal, and use of the communication apparatus

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Publication number
EP3042216A1
EP3042216A1 EP14761359.0A EP14761359A EP3042216A1 EP 3042216 A1 EP3042216 A1 EP 3042216A1 EP 14761359 A EP14761359 A EP 14761359A EP 3042216 A1 EP3042216 A1 EP 3042216A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
communication
module
antennas
communication signal
data content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14761359.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sighard SCHRÄBLER
Ulrich STÄHLIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Teves AG and Co OHG filed Critical Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Publication of EP3042216A1 publication Critical patent/EP3042216A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0072—Transmission between mobile stations, e.g. anti-collision systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/12—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
    • H04W12/63—Location-dependent; Proximity-dependent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to the preamble of claim 1, a communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to the preamble of claim 12 and a use of the communication device.
  • driver assistance systems which are essentially common that they serve to relieve the driver in the traffic.
  • driver assistance systems h are also capable of carrying out measures which go beyond a mere comfort effect and, in particular, prevent a hazard. Examples of this include situation-related warning to the driver or even intervention in the vehicle control.
  • the necessary information acquisition is based increasingly on the so-called vehicle-to-X communication, which, however, to ensure the necessary data security and thus to protect against maliciously forged vehicle-to-X messages on computationally intensive coding or decoding method ange ⁇ indicated.
  • DE 10 2007 058 192 A1 describes a central control unit for a plurality of assistance systems provided in a motor vehicle, which are at least partially associated with Environment sensors are equipped, which is understood according to DE 10 2007 058 192 AI and a telematics system as environmental sensor.
  • the central control unit is connected to the individual assistance systems at the data level and makes the information of individual environment sensors plausible by means of information from other environment sensors. For example, the image information of a camera can confirm the distance measurement of a radar sensor.
  • DE 10 2012 221 260 AI discloses a method for determining the position of objects in traffic.
  • a transceiver initially transmits wireless communication signals. These are at least partially reflected in their propagation range at the objects located there and finally received by the transceiver as reflection signals again.
  • the transceiver determines from different phases in ⁇ formations of the reflection signals, the distance and direction of the object relative to the transceiver.
  • the determination of the distance takes place from the phase difference of two transmitted at different frequencies and received again reflection signals.
  • the determination of the direction takes place from the phase difference of a reflection signal, which is received by means of two spatially slightly offset antenna elements.
  • the phase difference in the latter case is that phase difference which is generated by the spatial distance of the two antenna elements.
  • DE 10 2012 221 260 Al it is not necessary for the communication signals and the reflection signals to be sent or received by the same transceiver. Rather, it is also possible that a first transceiver transmits the communication signals and a second transceiver receives the reflection signals.
  • a method and a system for validation of a vehicle-to-X message are known.
  • a wirelessly transmitted vehicle-to-X message from an at least two antenna elements is received comprising antenna arrangement, wherein the electromagnetic field strength of the driving ⁇ imaging-to-X message is received due to different, the direction-dependent reception characteristics of the antenna elements of the antenna elements with different power densities , From the ratio of different
  • the receiver determines a relative position of the transmitter to the receiver.
  • the vehicle-to-X message also contains a GPS data ba ⁇ sierende absolute position of the transmitter from which the receiver of the vehicle-to-X message about its own absolute position expects further relative position of the transmitter to the receiver be ⁇ ,
  • the received vehicle-to-X message can now be validated if both positions match, or be discarded, if the positions vary from one another.
  • the object of the invention proposes a method which overcomes the prevailing disadvantages. This object is achieved by the method for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for validating a
  • Data content of a wirelessly received communication signal wherein the data content comprises at least one position indication of a transmission module transmitting the communication signal, wherein the communication signal is received by a receiving module having at least two antennas,
  • a direction from the receiving module to the transmission module is determined and wherein the be ⁇ voted direction for validating the position information is used.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the direction is determined from a phase difference of the communication signal at the at least two antennas.
  • phase difference of the communication signal By forming the phase difference of the communication signal at the at least two antennas, an independent of the data content of the communication signal information for determining the direction from the receiving module to the transmission module, ie the direction from which the communication signal hits the Emp ⁇ catch module used.
  • the advantage here is that the described phase difference is dominated exclusively by the direction of the transmitting module for aligning the antennas of the receiving module.
  • the direction determined from the phase difference can therefore not be forged by the sender or possibly by intermediate stations.
  • a reliable variable for validating the position information included in the data content of the communication signal is available.
  • the direction of the reception module to the transmission module from the phase difference is preferably determined by the so-called interferometer method.
  • the spatial spacing of the at least two antennas must not be greater than half the wavelength of the communication signals, since otherwise ambiguities in the direction information occur. Since the communication signal from the transmitting module to the receiving module is running and the receiving module receives the communication signal with at least two antennas, the communication signal from the at least two antennas is usually detected at a slightly different angle. This different angle is responsible for the fact that the distance traveled by the communication signal from the transmission module to the at least two antennas of the reception module is not exactly identical. This in turn leads to a Pha ⁇ sendifferenz the communication signal to the at least two antennas. In addition, since the spatial spacing of the antenna elements is known, with known wavelength of the communication signal from the phase difference, an angle can be determined, which determines the direction from the receiving module to
  • Transmitter module indicates.
  • the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module can be unambiguously determined to 180 °.
  • the communication signals are received by means of four antennas of the receiving module, wherein in particular the phase difference at the four antennas is determined. This makes it possible to clearly determine the direction of 360 °.
  • the phase difference at a first pair of antennas as the sine-part and the
  • Phase difference on a second pair of antennas are considered as a cosine component of a total signal. Due to ⁇ application of an arctan 2 function of the sine component and the Cosinus part you get now an angle, which unambiguously describes the direction to the object on 360 °.
  • the position information preferably comprises both a direction of the reception module to the transmission module and a distance of the reception module from the transmission module.
  • the position indication may be formed to, for example, in the form of GPS coordinates, wherein the receiving module or the receiving module associated Posi ⁇ tion determination module from a self-position and the position specification determines the direction and the distance.
  • Own position can also be determined by GPS, but also by any other global navigation satellite system. Also determining the eigenposition means
  • Map matching is preferred.
  • a further advantage of using the phase difference for validation is that the method according to the invention thereby becomes comparatively more robust and less susceptible to interference than methods known from the prior art, which use information about the received power of the communication signal for validation, since the phase difference is in contrast to Performance information is difficult to influence. For example, only a small amount of shadowing of the transmitting module or of the receiving module is enough to make the communication signals detectable only in a significantly attenuated form. The phase difference, however, remains unaffected by such shadowing.
  • the invention thus describes a method which, with comparatively simple means, makes it possible to determine the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module in a 360 ° angle around the receiving module.
  • This maximum Positionsbestim ⁇ tion angle results from the angle of reception of commu ⁇ sig- nals, which as a rule is 360 °.
  • the method according to the invention thus offers a significantly larger position determination angle than, for example, radar sensors or camera sensors used for similar purposes.
  • Another advantage presents itself in that the maintained in accordance with the prior art for the current encryption method and coding method of encrypting or encoding the data content of the communication signal rake ⁇ performance can be substantially reduced, since the inventions dung method according to validate at least the posi ⁇ onsangabe by a comparatively simple comparison of the particular direction with the position information allows.
  • the transmission module and the reception module are advantageously assigned to a vehicle-to-X communication device. Transmit the transmission module and the receiving module or receiving Kom ⁇ munikationssignale expediently by at least one of the following communication modes:
  • ISM communication Industrial, Scientific, Medical Band
  • radio-compatible closing device
  • Mobile communication in particular GSM, GPRS, EDGE,
  • WLAN connections allow e.g. a high data transfer rate and fast connection setup.
  • ISM connections offer only a lower data transmission rate, but are ideally suited for data transmission around obstructions.
  • infrared links also provide a low data transfer rate.
  • Mobile ⁇ radio connections eventually are not affected by obstructions and provide good data transfer rate.
  • the connection establishment of mobile radio connections is comparatively slow.
  • the mobile radio-based communication means are preferably assigned to an automatic emergency call module.
  • the phase difference is determined by means of mixing, wherein the communication signal received at the first of the at least two antennas is mixed with the communication signal received at the second of the at least two antennas.
  • the mixing is preferably carried out by means of conjugate complex multiplication and / or by means of cross-multiplication.
  • sidebands arise at a distance of the phase difference in addition to the frequency of the communication signal or the communication signals. Due to the conjugate complex multiplication or the cross-multiplication this can Step also be done mathematically in the level of complex numbers.
  • the communication signal from the receiving module by means of the at least two antennas is detected in parallel in time.
  • the temporally parallel so the simultaneous detection of the communication signal to the min ⁇ least two antennas, a particularly accurate comparing the respective voltages applied to the at least two antennas phase is possible, and thus a particularly accurate determination of the phase difference.
  • the opposite to the temporally parallel detection would be an alternating, ie temporally offset, detecting the communication signal to the at least two antennas.
  • a first distance from the receiving module to the transmitter module is determined by means of a detected received power of the communication signal on at least one of the at least two antennas and that the first distance is used to validate the position information. Since the received power per unit area attenuates with the square of the distance covered by the communication signal, the receiving module can conclude the distance to the transmission module via the received power by means of said connection. This provides additional information that can be used to validate the position information. Since it must be assumed that the communication signal is attenuated by obstructions or shading in addition to its receive line when it reaches the receiving module, the detected receive power is compared to the preferred Va ⁇ consolidation of the position information with a maximum reception power. The maximum possible reception power results, in particular, from the distance contained in the position specification and via this Distance squared receiving power, assuming that the communication signal undergoes no attenuation of the received power by shadowing.
  • a Doppler frequency of the communication signal is determined.
  • the Doppler frequency includes an additional, also can not be manipulated in ⁇ formation about the speed of the transmission module.
  • a speed of the transmission module can be determined.
  • the data content furthermore comprises a speed indication of the transmission module transmitting the communication signal, wherein the subdivision of the transmission units is used to validate the speed indication.
  • temporally parallel Kommunikati ⁇ onssignale are transmitted on at least two frequencies and / or received by means of at least one of the at least two antennas.
  • the data contents of received communication signals are preferably also evaluated. This initially results in the advantage of a communication that is as fast and efficient as possible between the receiving module and the
  • Transmitter module because it can be transmitted on several frequencies at the same time, which means that more transmission bandwidth is available. In addition, it can be used to transmit the communication signal to a different frequency or a different channel, if the currently used frequency or the currently used channel does not provide the necessary bandwidth, eg because of excessive occupancy by other transmitting units.
  • the receiving module or the transmission module for example by means of a so-called circulator, the temporally parallel transmission or. Receiving communication signals can be accomplished in a simple manner. A temporally parallel evaluation of the data contents of the received communication signals is thus made possible.
  • a second distance from the reception module to the transmission module is determined from a phase difference of the communication signals on the at least two frequencies at the at least one of the at least two antennas.
  • the use of two different frequencies makes it possible via the so-called vernier method, a determination of the second distance, so an additional determination of the distance from the receiving module to the transmission module. It is from the phase difference of the communication signals on the at least two frequencies, which due to the different Change the wavelength or frequency of the transmitted communication signals differently with the distance traveled, closed to the distance. Since the phase difference begins to repeat at a certain distance from the transmission module, a determination of the distance beyond a certain distance limit is no longer unambiguous, because a certain phase difference can correspond both to a certain distance and to any multiple of this distance.
  • phase difference used for the Vernier method is the phase difference of two different wavelengths on the same antenna, in contrast to the phase difference used in the interferometer method. Namely, in the interferometer method, the phase difference of the same wavelength at two different antennas is used.
  • the at least two frequencies are two different communication channels of a common communication means.
  • WLAN according to IEEE 802.11p is particularly preferred as a means of communication since two channels each having a bandwidth of 10 MHz are communicated here, which channels are separated by a third channel which is unused and also has a bandwidth of 10 MHz.
  • the entire data content is validated if the data content of at least the determined direction and / or at least the determined first distance and / or at least the determined second distance and / or at least the Subdivision does not contradict. All these sizes allow a reliable check of their corresponding sizes, which are covered by the data content. Since it can be assumed that the complete data content of the communication signal can be trusted if one or more of the above-mentioned variables included in the data content does not contradict or even match the specific quantities corresponding to them, the data content can thus be validated.
  • the entire data content is validated only if it does not contradict only one of the mentioned sizes, but if it does not contradict all variables used for validation. Otherwise it will be rejected as unreliable and will not be further evaluated or processed electronically.
  • the transmission module and the reception module are assigned to different road users.
  • the method can advantageously be used in road traffic in the communication of different road users. Since the reliability of the received communication signals is of particular importance in road traffic, this is a great advantage.
  • Road users in the context of the invention are in particular all types of motor vehicles, such as trucks, cars and motorcycles, but also cyclists and pedestrians.
  • the data content triggers a vehicle safety-critical intervention in a vehicle control system of a vehicle to which the reception module is assigned.
  • the communica tion ⁇ signal or its data content in the vehicle, which is associated with the receiving module may be used to avoid accidents or accident reduction.
  • the invention further relates to a communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal, comprising at least a transmitting module, a receiving module, two antennas, data read-out means, direction determining means and validation means, said two on ⁇ antennas are equally allocated to both the transmit module and the receive module wherein the communication device is formed by means of the transmission module for transmitting communication signals and by means of the receiving module for receiving communication signals, wherein the communication device is formed by means of the data reading means for reading a position information comprised of the data content, wherein the communication device means for determining a direction from which the communication signals are received, and wherein the communication device using the validation means to use en the direction is designed to validate the position information.
  • the communication device according to the invention is characterized in that the direction determining means for determining the direction from a phase difference of
  • the reception module and the transmission module can both access both antennas simultaneously, for example by means of a so-called circulator.
  • the data reading means, the direction determining means and the validating means may be formed as a separate or as a combined electro ⁇ niche arithmetic unit, which executes soft ⁇ ware algorithms for reading the data, for determining the direction or for validating the position information and possibly the other data content ,
  • the at least two antennas are spatially separated by less than half the wavelength of the communica tion ⁇ signal. This results in the advantage that ambiguities in the determination of the direction from the receiving module to the transmission module are avoided.
  • the communication device carries out the method according to the invention.
  • Distance determining means, subdivision means and Doppl lerfrequenzbeéessstoff be provided, which may for example also be designed as electronic arithmetic units.
  • the invention relates to a use of the communication device according to the invention for vehicle-to-X communication in a vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a receiving module of a communication device, which determines the direction to a transmission module and
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically receiving module 11 of a communication device, not shown in a motor vehicle, also not shown.
  • Receiving module 11 comprises two antennas 12 and 13, by means of which the receiving module 11 receives communication signals from the transmitting module 14.
  • the communi cation ⁇ signals are represented here as arrows 15 and 16 and illustrate the different angles at which the take transmitted by transmitter module 14 communication signals to antennas 12 and 13 and are detected by these.
  • transmission module 14 is associated with a communication device, not shown, in a motor vehicle, not shown.
  • the spatial spacing of antennas 12 and 13 is less than half the wavelength of the transmission module 14 sent Kom ⁇ munikationssignale.
  • the communication signals transmitted by transmitter module 14 run in each case via a Kunststoffliche under ⁇ distance before they are detected by antenna 11 and 12 respectively. Since the communication signals are thus detected by antennas 11 and 12 having different phases, the phase difference can be used to determine the angle p, which indicates the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module.
  • the so-called interferometer method illustrated with reference to FIG. 1, however, is unique only at 180 °, since transmitter module 14 could also be located at the angle p on the left side of receiver module 11 (instead, as shown here, on the right side). , however, this is sufficient for validating a position indication encompassed by the communication signals.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention in the form of a flow chart.
  • a communication signal the data content comprises a position indication of the communication signal transmitting Sen ⁇ demoduls, received by a receiving module by means of two antennas.
  • a phase difference of the communication signal at the two antennas is now determined.
  • the position information in the data content of the communication signal is read out in step 203, and a reception power of the communication signal at one of the two antennas is determined in step 207.
  • the direction from the reception module to the transmission module is determined from the determined phase difference according to the interferometer method.
  • step 205 the direction from the receiver module is out of position information in the data content of the communi ⁇ cation signal also determined to the transmission module, and in step 206, a decision ⁇ fernung is determined by the receiving module to the transmitter module from the position specified in the data content of the communication signal.
  • step 208 a distance from the receiving module to the transmitting module is determined from the received power of the communication signal determined at one of the two antennas. It is assumed that the communication signal is not attenuated by obstructions or other shadowing on the route from the transmitter module to the receiver module. However, if this is the case, the distance thus determined is greater than the actual distance. The determined distance thus describes a just yet plausible maximum distance.
  • step 209 the distance determined from the received power is compared with the distance determined from the position indication. Since the distance determined from the position specification is only half the distance determined from the reception power, there is no contradiction in this case.
  • step 210 the direction determined from the phase difference is compared with the direction determined from the position specification. Also in this case, since no contradiction is present, the entire Since ⁇ teninhalt of the communication signal is validated in step 211, and thus considered to be trustworthy. In step 212, therefore, the entire data content of the communication signal is read out and processed by different vehicle systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for validating a data content in a wirelessly received communication signal, wherein the data content comprises at least one position statement for a transmission module (14) sending the communication signal, wherein the communication signal is received by a reception module (11) having at least two antennas (12, 13), wherein the communication signal is used to determine a direction from the reception module (11) to the transmission module (14) and wherein the determined direction is used to validate the position statement. The method is distinguished in that the direction is determined from a phase difference in the communication signal at the at least two antennas (12, 13). The invention further relates to a corresponding communication apparatus and to a use for the communication apparatus.

Description

Verfahren und Kommunikationsvorrichtung zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen KommunikationsSignals sowie Verwendung der Kommunikationsvorrichtung  Method and communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal and using the communication device
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 12 sowie eine Verwendung der Kommunikationsvorrichtung. The invention relates to methods for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to the preamble of claim 1, a communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to the preamble of claim 12 and a use of the communication device.
Im Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Gattungen von Fahrerassistenzsystemen bekannt, denen im Wesentlichen gemein ist, dass sie der Entlastung des Fahrers im Verkehrsgeschehen dienen. Oftmals sind derartige Fahrerassistenzsysteme h auch zur Ausführung von über einen reinen Komforteffekt hinausgehenden und insbesondere gefahrenvorbeugenden Maßnahmen in der Lage. Beispiele hierfür sind etwa situationsbedingte Warnausgaben an den Fahrer oder sogar Eingriffe in die Fahrzeugsteuerung. Die notwendige Informationserfassung basiert dabei zunehmend auf der sogenannten Fahrzeug-zu-X-Kommunikation, welche jedoch zur Gewährleistung der notwendigen Datensicherheit und damit zum Schutz vor böswillig gefälschten Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaften auf rechenintensive Codierungs- bzw. Decodierungsverfahren ange¬ wiesen ist. Dabei ist es im Stand der Technik auch bekannt, den Inhalt einer empfangenen Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft mittels ge¬ eigneter Umfeldsensorik zu validieren, so dass auf die vergleichsweise rechenintensive Decodierung der entsprechenden Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft verzichtet werden kann. In the prior art, different types of driver assistance systems are known, which are essentially common that they serve to relieve the driver in the traffic. Often, such driver assistance systems h are also capable of carrying out measures which go beyond a mere comfort effect and, in particular, prevent a hazard. Examples of this include situation-related warning to the driver or even intervention in the vehicle control. The necessary information acquisition is based increasingly on the so-called vehicle-to-X communication, which, however, to ensure the necessary data security and thus to protect against maliciously forged vehicle-to-X messages on computationally intensive coding or decoding method ange ¬ indicated. It is also known in the prior art to validate the content of a received vehicle-to-X message by means of ge ¬ suitable environment sensors, so that can be dispensed with the comparatively compute-intensive decoding of the corresponding vehicle-to-X message.
In diesem Zusammenhang beschreibt die DE 10 2007 058 192 AI ein zentrales Steuergerät für mehrere in einem Kraftfahrzeug vorgesehene Assistenzsysteme, welche zumindest teilweise mit Umfeldsensoren ausgestattet sind, wobei gemäß der DE 10 2007 058 192 AI auch ein Telematiksystem als Umfeldsensor verstanden wird. Das zentrale Steuergerät ist auf Datenebene mit den einzelnen Assistenzsystemen verbunden und plausibilisiert die Informa- tionen einzelner Umfeldsensoren mittels der Informationen anderer Umfeldsensoren. Z.B. kann die Bildinformation einer Kamera die Abstandsmessung eines Radarsensors bestätigen. In this context, DE 10 2007 058 192 A1 describes a central control unit for a plurality of assistance systems provided in a motor vehicle, which are at least partially associated with Environment sensors are equipped, which is understood according to DE 10 2007 058 192 AI and a telematics system as environmental sensor. The central control unit is connected to the individual assistance systems at the data level and makes the information of individual environment sensors plausible by means of information from other environment sensors. For example, the image information of a camera can confirm the distance measurement of a radar sensor.
Einzelne Sensorinformationen können somit bestätigt werden und liegen redundant vor. Individual sensor information can thus be confirmed and are redundant.
Die DE 10 2012 221 260 AI offenbart ein Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung von Objekten im Straßenverkehr. Dabei sendet ein Sendeempfänger zunächst drahtlose Kommunikationssignale. Diese werden in ihrem Ausbreitungsbereich an den dort befindlichen Objekten zumindest teilweise reflektiert und schließlich vom Sendeempfänger als Reflektionssignale wieder empfangen. Der Sendeempfänger bestimmt nun aus unterschiedliche Phasenin¬ formationen der Reflektionssignalen die Entfernung und die Richtung des Objekts relativ zum Sendeempfänger. Die Bestimmung der Entfernung erfolgt dabei aus der Phasendifferenz von zwei auf unterschiedlichen Frequenzen gesendeten und wieder empfangenen Reflektionssignalen . Die Bestimmung der Richtung hingegen erfolgt aus der Phasendifferenz eines Reflektionssignals , das mittels zwei räumlich leicht versetzten Antennenelementen empfangen wird. Die Phasendifferenz ist in letzterem Fall diejenige Phasendifferenz, die durch den räumlichen Abstand der beiden Antennenelemente erzeugt wird. Gemäß der DE 10 2012 221 260 AI ist es nicht notwendig, dass die Kommunikationssignale und die Reflektionssignale vom selben Sendeempfänger gesendet bzw. empfangen werden. Vielmehr ist es auch möglich, dass ein erster Sendeempfänger die Kommunikationssignale sendet und ein zweiter Sendeempfänger die Reflektionssignale empfängt. Aus der DE 10 2011 079 052 AI sind ein Verfahren und ein System zu Validierung einer Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft bekannt. Dabei wird eine drahtlos gesendete Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft von einer mindestens zwei Antennenglieder aufweisenden Antennenanordnung empfangen, wobei die elektromagnetische Feldstärke der Fahr¬ zeug-zu-X-Botschaft wegen unterschiedlicher, richtungsabhängiger Empfangscharakteristiken der Antennenglieder von den Antennengliedern mit unterschiedlichen Leistungsdichten aufgenommen wird. Aus dem Verhältnis der unterschiedlichen DE 10 2012 221 260 AI discloses a method for determining the position of objects in traffic. In this case, a transceiver initially transmits wireless communication signals. These are at least partially reflected in their propagation range at the objects located there and finally received by the transceiver as reflection signals again. The transceiver then determines from different phases in ¬ formations of the reflection signals, the distance and direction of the object relative to the transceiver. The determination of the distance takes place from the phase difference of two transmitted at different frequencies and received again reflection signals. The determination of the direction, however, takes place from the phase difference of a reflection signal, which is received by means of two spatially slightly offset antenna elements. The phase difference in the latter case is that phase difference which is generated by the spatial distance of the two antenna elements. According to DE 10 2012 221 260 Al, it is not necessary for the communication signals and the reflection signals to be sent or received by the same transceiver. Rather, it is also possible that a first transceiver transmits the communication signals and a second transceiver receives the reflection signals. From DE 10 2011 079 052 AI a method and a system for validation of a vehicle-to-X message are known. Here, a wirelessly transmitted vehicle-to-X message from an at least two antenna elements is received comprising antenna arrangement, wherein the electromagnetic field strength of the driving ¬ imaging-to-X message is received due to different, the direction-dependent reception characteristics of the antenna elements of the antenna elements with different power densities , From the ratio of different
Leistungsdichten in den Antennengliedern bestimmt der Empfänger eine relative Position des Senders zum Empfänger. Die Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft enthält außerdem eine auf GPS-Daten ba¬ sierende absolute Position des Senders, aus welcher der Empfänger der Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft über seine eigene Absolutposition eine weitere relative Position des Senders zum Empfänger be¬ rechnet. Mittels eines Vergleichs der beiden relativen Posi¬ tionen kann nun die empfangene Fahrzeug-zu-X-Botschaft validiert werden, sofern beide Positionen übereinstimmen, oder verworfen werden, sofern die Positionen voneinander abweichen. Power densities in the antenna links, the receiver determines a relative position of the transmitter to the receiver. The vehicle-to-X message also contains a GPS data ba ¬ sierende absolute position of the transmitter from which the receiver of the vehicle-to-X message about its own absolute position expects further relative position of the transmitter to the receiver be ¬ , By means of a comparison of the two relative posi tions ¬ the received vehicle-to-X message can now be validated if both positions match, or be discarded, if the positions vary from one another.
Die im Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, Vorrichtungen und Systeme sind jedoch nachteilbehaftet, weil sie zur Validierung eines empfangenen Kommunikationssignals stets zusätzliche Sensoreinrichtungen bzw. Messeinrichtungen - wie etwa eine mehrgliedrige Richtantenne - benötigen oder aber eine re¬ chenintensive Decodierung ausführen müssen, was wiederum entsprechend leistungsfähige und damit teure Rechenmodule voraussetzt . Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, welches die vorherrschenden Nachteile überwindet. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Verfahren zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Validierung einesHowever, the known in the prior art methods, devices and systems are disadvantageous, because they always need additional sensor devices or measuring devices - such as a multi-element directional antenna for validation of a received communication signal or have to perform a re ¬ chenintensive decoding, which in turn correspondingly powerful and thus requires expensive calculation modules. It is therefore the object of the invention to propose a method which overcomes the prevailing disadvantages. This object is achieved by the method for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal according to claim 1. The invention relates to a method for validating a
Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals, wobei der Dateninhalt mindestens eine Positionsangabe eines das Kommunikationssignal sendenden Sendemoduls umfasst, wobei das Kommunikationssignal von einem mindestens zwei Antennen auf- weisenden Empfangsmodul empfangen wird, Data content of a wirelessly received communication signal, wherein the data content comprises at least one position indication of a transmission module transmitting the communication signal, wherein the communication signal is received by a receiving module having at least two antennas,
wobei mittels des Kommunikationssignals eine Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt wird und wobei die be¬ stimmte Richtung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe herangezogen wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Richtung aus einer Phasendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den mindestens zwei Antennen bestimmt wird . wherein by means of the communication signal, a direction from the receiving module to the transmission module is determined and wherein the be ¬ voted direction for validating the position information is used. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the direction is determined from a phase difference of the communication signal at the at least two antennas.
Durch die Bildung der Phasendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den mindestens zwei Antennen wird eine vom Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals unabhängige Information zur Bestimmung der Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul, also derjenigen Richtung, aus welcher das Kommunikationssignal auf das Emp¬ fangsmodul trifft, herangezogen. Der Vorteil hierbei ist es, dass die beschriebene Phasendifferenz ausschließlich durch die Richtung des Sendemoduls zur Ausrichtung der Antennen des Empfangsmoduls geprägt ist. Im Gegensatz zur vom Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals umfassten Positionsangabe kann die aus der Phasendifferenz bestimme Richtung daher nicht vom Absender oder ggf. von Zwischenstationen gefälscht werden. Somit steht eine zuverlässige Größe zur Validierung der vom Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals umfassten Positionsangabe zur Verfügung. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Richtung des Empfangsmoduls zum Sendemodul aus der Phasendifferenz bevorzugt nach dem sogenannten Interferometer-Verfahren bestimmt. Zu beachten ist dabei, dass die räumliche Beabstandung der min- destens zwei Antennen nicht größer als die halbe Wellenlänge der Kommunikationssignale sein darf, da sonst Mehrdeutigkeiten in der Richtungsinformation auftreten. Da das Kommunikationssignal vom Sendemodul zum Empfangsmodul läuft und das Empfangsmodul das Kommunikationssignal mit mindestens zwei Antennen empfängt, wird das Kommunikationssignal von den mindestens zwei Antennen in der Regel unter einem leicht unterschiedlichen Winkel erfasst. Dieser unterschiedliche Winkel ist dafür verantwortlich, dass die vom Kommunikationssignal zurückgelegte Entfernung vom Sendemodul zu den mindestens zwei Antennen des Empfangsmoduls nicht exakt identisch ist. Dies wiederum führt zu einer Pha¬ sendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den mindestens zwei Antennen. Da zudem die räumliche Beabstandung der Antennenelemente bekannt ist, kann bei bekannter Wellenlänge des Kommunikationssignals aus der Phasendifferenz ein Winkel be- stimmt werden, welcher die Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zumBy forming the phase difference of the communication signal at the at least two antennas, an independent of the data content of the communication signal information for determining the direction from the receiving module to the transmission module, ie the direction from which the communication signal hits the Emp ¬ catch module used. The advantage here is that the described phase difference is dominated exclusively by the direction of the transmitting module for aligning the antennas of the receiving module. In contrast to the position information encompassed by the data content of the communication signal, the direction determined from the phase difference can therefore not be forged by the sender or possibly by intermediate stations. Thus, a reliable variable for validating the position information included in the data content of the communication signal is available. According to the method according to the invention, the direction of the reception module to the transmission module from the phase difference is preferably determined by the so-called interferometer method. It should be noted that the spatial spacing of the at least two antennas must not be greater than half the wavelength of the communication signals, since otherwise ambiguities in the direction information occur. Since the communication signal from the transmitting module to the receiving module is running and the receiving module receives the communication signal with at least two antennas, the communication signal from the at least two antennas is usually detected at a slightly different angle. This different angle is responsible for the fact that the distance traveled by the communication signal from the transmission module to the at least two antennas of the reception module is not exactly identical. This in turn leads to a Pha ¬ sendifferenz the communication signal to the at least two antennas. In addition, since the spatial spacing of the antenna elements is known, with known wavelength of the communication signal from the phase difference, an angle can be determined, which determines the direction from the receiving module to
Sendemodul angibt. Bei Verwendung von zwei Antennen kann die Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul auf 180° eindeutig bestimmt werden. Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, dass die Kommunikationssignale mittels vier Antennen des Empfangsmoduls empfangen werden, wobei insbesondere die Phasendifferenz an den vier Antennen bestimmt wird. Dies erlaubt es, die Bestimmung der Richtung auf 360° eindeutig vorzunehmen. Beispielsweise kann die Phasendifferenz an einem ersten Paar von Antennen als Sinus-Anteil und dieTransmitter module indicates. When using two antennas, the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module can be unambiguously determined to 180 °. In particular, it is preferred that the communication signals are received by means of four antennas of the receiving module, wherein in particular the phase difference at the four antennas is determined. This makes it possible to clearly determine the direction of 360 °. For example, the phase difference at a first pair of antennas as the sine-part and the
Phasendifferenz an einem zweiten Paar von Antennen als Cosinus-Anteil eines Gesamtsignals betrachtet werden. Durch An¬ wendung einer arctan2 -Funktion auf den Sinus-Anteil und den Cosinus-Anteil erhält man nun einen Winkel, welcher die Richtung zum Objekt auf 360° eindeutig beschreibt. Phase difference on a second pair of antennas are considered as a cosine component of a total signal. Due to ¬ application of an arctan 2 function of the sine component and the Cosinus part you get now an angle, which unambiguously describes the direction to the object on 360 °.
Bevorzugt umfasst die Positionsangabe sowohl eine Richtung des Empfangsmoduls zum Sendemodul als auch eine Entfernung des Empfangsmoduls vom Sendemodul. Die Positionsangabe kann dazu z.B. in Form von GPS-Koordinaten ausgebildet sein, wobei das Empfangsmodul oder ein dem Empfangsmodul zugeordnetes Posi¬ tionsbestimmungsmodul aus einer Eigenposition und der Posi- tionsangabe die Richtung bzw. die Entfernung bestimmt. DieThe position information preferably comprises both a direction of the reception module to the transmission module and a distance of the reception module from the transmission module. The position indication may be formed to, for example, in the form of GPS coordinates, wherein the receiving module or the receiving module associated Posi ¬ tion determination module from a self-position and the position specification determines the direction and the distance. The
Eigenposition kann dabei ebenfalls mittels GPS, aber auch mittels jedes anderen globalen Navigationssatellitensystems bestimmt werden. Auch ein Bestimmen der Eigenposition mittels Own position can also be determined by GPS, but also by any other global navigation satellite system. Also determining the eigenposition means
Map-Matching ist bevorzugt. Map matching is preferred.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des Heranziehens der Phasendifferenz zur Validierung ist es, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch vergleichsweise robuster und weniger störanfällig wird als aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Verfahren, welche zur Validierung eine Information über die Empfangsleistung des Kommunikationssignals heranziehen, da die Phasendifferenz im Gegensatz zu Leistungsinformationen nur schwer beeinflusst werden kann. Beispielsweise reicht schone eine nur geringe Abschattung des Sendemoduls oder des Empfangsmoduls, um die Kommunikations- signale nur noch in deutlich abgeschwächter Form erfassbar zu machen. Die Phasendifferenz jedoch bleibt von derartigen Abschattungen unbeeinflusst . A further advantage of using the phase difference for validation is that the method according to the invention thereby becomes comparatively more robust and less susceptible to interference than methods known from the prior art, which use information about the received power of the communication signal for validation, since the phase difference is in contrast to Performance information is difficult to influence. For example, only a small amount of shadowing of the transmitting module or of the receiving module is enough to make the communication signals detectable only in a significantly attenuated form. The phase difference, however, remains unaffected by such shadowing.
Die Erfindung beschreibt somit ein Verfahren, welches mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln eine Bestimmung der Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul in einem 360°-Winkel rund um das Empfangsmodul ermöglicht. Dieser maximale Positionsbestim¬ mungswinkel ergibt sich durch den Empfangswinkel der Kommu¬ nikationssignale, welcher in aller Regel 360° beträgt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bietet somit einen deutlich größeren Positionsbestimmungswinkel als beispielsweise für ähnliche Zwecke eingesetzte Radarsensoren oder Kamerasensoren. Ein weiterer Vorteil stellt sich insofern dar, als dass die gemäß dem Stand der Technik für die gängigen Verschlüsselungsverfahren bzw. Codierungsverfahren zum Verschlüsseln bzw. Codieren des Dateninhalts des Kommunikationssignals vorzuhaltende Rechen¬ leistung wesentlich reduziert werden kann, da das erfin- dungsgemäße Verfahren eine Validierung zumindest der Positi¬ onsangabe durch einen vergleichsweise einfachen Vergleich der bestimmten Richtung mit der Positionsangabe ermöglicht. The invention thus describes a method which, with comparatively simple means, makes it possible to determine the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module in a 360 ° angle around the receiving module. This maximum Positionsbestim ¬ tion angle results from the angle of reception of commu ¬ sig- nals, which as a rule is 360 °. The The method according to the invention thus offers a significantly larger position determination angle than, for example, radar sensors or camera sensors used for similar purposes. Another advantage presents itself in that the maintained in accordance with the prior art for the current encryption method and coding method of encrypting or encoding the data content of the communication signal rake ¬ performance can be substantially reduced, since the inventions dung method according to validate at least the posi ¬ onsangabe by a comparatively simple comparison of the particular direction with the position information allows.
Das Sendemodul und das Empfangsmodul sind vorteilhafterweise einer Fahrzeug-zu-X-Kommunikationseinrichtung zugeordnet. Das Sendemodul und das Empfangsmodul senden bzw. empfangen Kom¬ munikationssignale dabei zweckmäßigerweise mittels mindestens einer der folgenden Kommunikationsarten: The transmission module and the reception module are advantageously assigned to a vehicle-to-X communication device. Transmit the transmission module and the receiving module or receiving Kom ¬ munikationssignale expediently by at least one of the following communication modes:
- WLAN-Kommunikation, insbesondere nach IEEE 802.11p, - WiFi-Direct-Kommunikation,  - WLAN communication, especially according to IEEE 802.11p, - WiFi-Direct communication,
- ISM-Kommunikation (Industrial, Scientific, Medical Band) , insbesondere über eine funkverbindungsfähige SchließVorrichtung,  ISM communication (Industrial, Scientific, Medical Band), in particular via a radio-compatible closing device,
- Bluetooth-Kommunikation,  - Bluetooth communication,
- ZigBee-Kommunikation,  - ZigBee communication,
- UWB-Kommunikation (Ultra Wide Band) ,  - UWB communication (Ultra Wide Band),
- WiMax-Kommunikation (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave  - WiMax communication (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access) ,  Access),
- Remote-Keyless-Entry-Kommunikation,  - remote keyless entry communication,
- Mobilfunk-Kommunikation, insbesondere GSM-, GPRS-, EDGE-,  Mobile communication, in particular GSM, GPRS, EDGE,
- UMTS-Kommunikation,  - UMTS communication,
- LTE-Kommunikation und 0 - LTE communication and 0
o  O
- Infrarot-Kommunikation. - Infrared communication.
Die aufgeführten Kommunikationsarten bieten hinsichtlich ihrer Kommunikationseigenschaften unterschiedliche Vor- und Nachteile, je nach Art, Wellenlänge und verwendetem Datenprotokoll. WLAN-Verbindungen ermöglichen z.B. eine hohe Datenübertragungsrate und einen schnellen Verbindungsaufbau. The communication types listed offer different advantages and disadvantages with regard to their communication properties, depending on the type, wavelength and data protocol used. WLAN connections allow e.g. a high data transfer rate and fast connection setup.
ISM-Verbindungen bieten hingegen nur eine geringere Datenübertragungsrate, sind aber hervorragend zur Datenübertragung um Sichthindernisse herum geeignet. Infrarotverbindungen wiederum bieten ebenfalls eine geringe Datenübertragungsrate. Mobil¬ funkverbindungen schließlich werden durch Sichthindernisse nicht beeinträchtigt und bieten eine gute Datenübertragungsrate . Dafür ist der Verbindungsaufbau von Mobilfunkverbindungen jedoch vergleichsweise langsam. Die mobilfunkbasierten Kommunikati- onsmittel sind bevorzugt einem automatischen Notruf-Modul zugeordnet . By contrast, ISM connections offer only a lower data transmission rate, but are ideally suited for data transmission around obstructions. In turn, infrared links also provide a low data transfer rate. Mobile ¬ radio connections eventually are not affected by obstructions and provide good data transfer rate. However, the connection establishment of mobile radio connections is comparatively slow. The mobile radio-based communication means are preferably assigned to an automatic emergency call module.
Da Fahrzeug-zu-X-Kommunikationseinrichtungen aus Gründen der Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit in der Regel ohnehin mit min- destens zwei Antennen versehen sind, erübrigt sich vorteil¬ hafterweise das Aufbringen eines Mehraufwands für die Be¬ reitstellung einer zweiten Antenne. Since vehicle-to-X-communication devices, for reasons of reliability and safety in general are in any case provided with min- least two antennas, needless advantageous ¬ adhesive enough, applying an additional expense for loading ¬ woman on top of a second antenna.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist es vorgesehen, dass die Phasendifferenz mittels Mischen bestimmt wird, wobei das an der ersten der mindestens zwei Antennen empfangene Kommunikationssignal mit dem an der zweiten der mindestens zwei Antennen empfangenen Kommunikationssignal gemischt wird. Das Mischen erfolgt dabei bevorzugt mittels konjugiert komplexer Multiplikation und/oder mittels Überkreuz-Multiplikation. Durch das Mischen zweier Signale entstehen sogenannte Seitenbänder im Abstand der Phasendifferenz neben der Frequenz des Kommunikationssignals bzw. der Kommunikationssignale. Durch die konjugiert komplexe Multiplikation bzw. die Überkreuz-Multiplikation kann dieser Schritt auch rechnerisch in der Ebene der komplexen Zahlen erfolgen. Somit wird auf einfache Weise eine zuverlässige Bestimmung der Phasendifferenz ermöglicht. Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass das Kommunikationssignal vom Empfangsmodul mittels der mindestens zwei Antennen zeitlich parallel erfasst wird. Durch das zeitlich parallele, also das gleichzeitige Erfassen des Kommunikationssignals an den min¬ destens zwei Antennen, ist ein besonders genaues Vergleichen der an den mindestens zwei Antennen jeweils anliegenden Phase möglich und somit ein besonders genaues Bestimmen der Phasendifferenz. Das Gegenteil zur zeitlich parallelen Erfassung wäre ein abwechselndes, d.h. zeitlich versetztes, Erfassen des Kommunikationssignals an den mindestens zwei Antennen. Appropriately, it is provided that the phase difference is determined by means of mixing, wherein the communication signal received at the first of the at least two antennas is mixed with the communication signal received at the second of the at least two antennas. The mixing is preferably carried out by means of conjugate complex multiplication and / or by means of cross-multiplication. By mixing two signals so-called sidebands arise at a distance of the phase difference in addition to the frequency of the communication signal or the communication signals. Due to the conjugate complex multiplication or the cross-multiplication this can Step also be done mathematically in the level of complex numbers. Thus, a reliable determination of the phase difference is made possible in a simple manner. Furthermore, it is preferred that the communication signal from the receiving module by means of the at least two antennas is detected in parallel in time. By the temporally parallel, so the simultaneous detection of the communication signal to the min ¬ least two antennas, a particularly accurate comparing the respective voltages applied to the at least two antennas phase is possible, and thus a particularly accurate determination of the phase difference. The opposite to the temporally parallel detection would be an alternating, ie temporally offset, detecting the communication signal to the at least two antennas.
Außerdem ist es vorgesehen, dass mittels einer erfassten Empfangsleistung des Kommunikationssignals an mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Antennen eine erste Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt wird und dass die erste Entfernung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe herangezogen wird. Da sich die Empfangsleistung pro Flächeneinheit mit dem Quadrat der zurückgelegten Entfernung des Kommunikationssignals abschwächt, kann das Empfangsmodul über die empfangene Leistung mittels des genannten Zusammenhangs auf die Entfernung zum Sendemodul schließen. Dies stellt eine zusätzliche Information dar, welche zur Validierung der Positionsangabe herangezogen werden kann. Da davon ausgegangen werden muss, dass das Kommunikationssignal durch Hindernisse bzw. Abschattung zusätzlich in seiner Empfangsleitung beim Erreichen des Empfangsmoduls geschwächt wurde, wird die erfasste Empfangsleistung zur Va¬ lidierung der Positionsangabe bevorzugt mit einer maximal möglichen Empfangsleistung verglichen. Die maximal mögliche Empfangsleistung ergibt sich dabei insbesondere aus der in der Positionsangabe enthaltenen Entfernung und der über diese Entfernung quadratisch abfallenden Empfangsleistung, wobei davon ausgegangen wird, dass das Kommunikationssignal keine Abschwächungen der Empfangsleistung durch Abschattungen erfährt . In addition, it is provided that a first distance from the receiving module to the transmitter module is determined by means of a detected received power of the communication signal on at least one of the at least two antennas and that the first distance is used to validate the position information. Since the received power per unit area attenuates with the square of the distance covered by the communication signal, the receiving module can conclude the distance to the transmission module via the received power by means of said connection. This provides additional information that can be used to validate the position information. Since it must be assumed that the communication signal is attenuated by obstructions or shading in addition to its receive line when it reaches the receiving module, the detected receive power is compared to the preferred Va ¬ consolidation of the position information with a maximum reception power. The maximum possible reception power results, in particular, from the distance contained in the position specification and via this Distance squared receiving power, assuming that the communication signal undergoes no attenuation of the received power by shadowing.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist es vorgesehen, dass eine Dopplerfrequenz des Kommunikationssignals bestimmt wird. Die Dopplerfrequenz enthält eine zusätzliche, ebenfalls nicht manipulierbare In¬ formation über die Geschwindigkeit des Sendemoduls. Somit kann neben der Entfernung und der Richtung zum Sendemodul also auch eine Geschwindigkeit des Sendemoduls bestimmt werden. Appropriately, it is provided that a Doppler frequency of the communication signal is determined. The Doppler frequency includes an additional, also can not be manipulated in ¬ formation about the speed of the transmission module. Thus, in addition to the distance and the direction to the transmission module so also a speed of the transmission module can be determined.
Insbesondere ist es zweckmäßig, dass mittels der Dopplerfrequenz eine Unterteilung der Sendeeinheiten in bewegte Sendeeinheiten und stationäre Sendeeinheiten erfolgt. Da die Bestimmung der exakten Dopplerfrequenz und somit die Bestimmung der exakten Geschwindigkeit des Sendemoduls aufgrund von zufälligen In particular, it is expedient that by means of the Doppler frequency, a subdivision of the transmitting units into moving transmitting units and stationary transmitting units takes place. Since the determination of the exact Doppler frequency and thus the determination of the exact speed of the transmitting module due to random
Frequenzdrifts der Oszillatoren des Sendemoduls und des Empfangsmoduls vergleichsweise schwierig und nur mit großem Aufwand exakt zu bewerkstelligen ist, ergibt sich also der Vorteil, dass auf eine exakte Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit des Sendemoduls von vornherein verzichtet wird und somit eine exakte Bestimmung der Dopplerfrequenz überhaupt nicht notwendig ist. Die grobe Unterteilung in bewegte Sendeeinheiten und stationäre Sende- einheiten ist hingegen vergleichsweise einfach möglich. Frequency drifts of the oscillators of the transmitting module and the receiving module is relatively difficult to accomplish exactly and only with great effort, so there is the advantage that is dispensed with an exact determination of the speed of the transmission module from the outset and thus an exact determination of the Doppler frequency is not necessary , The rough division into moving transmission units and stationary transmission units, however, is comparatively easy.
Ganz besonders zweckmäßig ist es, dass der Dateninhalt weiterhin eine Geschwindigkeitsangabe des das Kommunikationssignal sendenden Sendemoduls umfasst, wobei die Unterteilung der Sendeeinheiten zur Validierung der Geschwindigkeitsangabe herangezogen wird. Daraus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass über die vom Dateninhalt umfasste Geschwindigkeitsangabe und die aus der Dopplerfrequenz erstellte Unterteilung der Sendeeinheiten eine weitere Größe zur Validierung des Dateninhalts des Kommuni¬ kationssignals zur Verfügung steht. It is particularly expedient that the data content furthermore comprises a speed indication of the transmission module transmitting the communication signal, wherein the subdivision of the transmission units is used to validate the speed indication. This results in the advantage that over the speed information included in the data content and the subdivision of the transmission units created from the Doppler frequency available more size to validate the data content of communi ¬ cation signal.
Des Weiteren ist es vorgesehen, dass mittels der mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Antennen zeitlich parallel Kommunikati¬ onssignale auf mindestens zwei Frequenzen gesendet und/oder empfangen werden. Dabei werden die Dateninhalte empfangener Kommunikationssignale bevorzugt auch ausgewertet. Daraus ergibt sich zunächst der Vorteil einer möglichst schnellen und ef- fizienten Kommunikation zwischen dem Empfangsmodul und demFurthermore, it is contemplated that temporally parallel Kommunikati ¬ onssignale are transmitted on at least two frequencies and / or received by means of at least one of the at least two antennas. In this case, the data contents of received communication signals are preferably also evaluated. This initially results in the advantage of a communication that is as fast and efficient as possible between the receiving module and the
Sendemodul, da auf mehreren Frequenzen gleichzeitig gesendet werden kann, wodurch entsprechend mehr Übertragungsbandbreite zur Verfügung steht. Außerdem kann so zum Übertragen des Kommunikationssignals auf eine andere Frequenz bzw. einen anderen Kanal ausgewichen werden, falls die aktuell genutzte Frequenz bzw. der aktuell genutzte Kanal nicht die notwendige Bandbreite bietet, z.B. wegen zu starker Belegung durch andere Sendeeinheiten. Durch entsprechende Auslegung des Empfangsmoduls bzw. des Sendemoduls, z.B. mittels eines sogenannten Zirkulators, kann das zeitlich parallel Senden bzw . Empfangen von Kommunikationssignalen auf einfache Art und Weise bewerkstelligt werden. Auch eine zeitlich parallele Auswertung der Dateninhalte der empfangenen Kommunikationssignale wird somit ermöglicht. Insbesondere ist es vorgesehen, dass aus einer Phasendifferenz der Kommunikationssignale auf den mindestens zwei Frequenzen an der mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Antennen eine zweite Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt wird. Das Heranziehen von zwei unterschiedlichen Frequenzen ermöglicht dabei über das sogenannte Vernier-Verfahren eine Bestimmung der zweiten Entfernung, also eine zusätzliche Bestimmung der Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul. Dabei wird aus der Phasendifferenz der Kommunikationssignale auf den mindestens zwei Frequenzen, welche sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Wellenlänge bzw. Frequenz der gesendeten Kommunikationssignale mit der zurückgelegten Entfernung unterschiedlich ändern, auf die Entfernung geschlossen. Da sich die Phasendifferenz ab einer bestimmten Entfernung vom Sendemodul zu wiederholen beginnt, ist eine Bestimmung der Entfernung ab einem bestimmten Entfernungsgrenzwert nicht mehr eindeutig, weil eine bestimmte Phasendifferenz sowohl einer bestimmten Entfernung als auch einem beliebigen Vielfachen dieser Entfernung entsprechen kann. Es soll betont werden, dass die Phasendifferenz, die für das Vernier-Verfahren herangezogen wird, die Phasendifferenz zweier unterschiedlicher Wellenlängen an ein und derselben Antenne ist, im Gegensatz zur Phasendifferenz, welche beim Interferome- ter-Verfahren herangezogen wird. Beim Interferometer-Verfahren wird nämlich die Phasendifferenz ein und derselben Wellenlänge an zwei unterschiedlichen Antennen herangezogen. Transmitter module, because it can be transmitted on several frequencies at the same time, which means that more transmission bandwidth is available. In addition, it can be used to transmit the communication signal to a different frequency or a different channel, if the currently used frequency or the currently used channel does not provide the necessary bandwidth, eg because of excessive occupancy by other transmitting units. By appropriate design of the receiving module or the transmission module, for example by means of a so-called circulator, the temporally parallel transmission or. Receiving communication signals can be accomplished in a simple manner. A temporally parallel evaluation of the data contents of the received communication signals is thus made possible. In particular, it is provided that a second distance from the reception module to the transmission module is determined from a phase difference of the communication signals on the at least two frequencies at the at least one of the at least two antennas. The use of two different frequencies makes it possible via the so-called vernier method, a determination of the second distance, so an additional determination of the distance from the receiving module to the transmission module. It is from the phase difference of the communication signals on the at least two frequencies, which due to the different Change the wavelength or frequency of the transmitted communication signals differently with the distance traveled, closed to the distance. Since the phase difference begins to repeat at a certain distance from the transmission module, a determination of the distance beyond a certain distance limit is no longer unambiguous, because a certain phase difference can correspond both to a certain distance and to any multiple of this distance. It should be emphasized that the phase difference used for the Vernier method is the phase difference of two different wavelengths on the same antenna, in contrast to the phase difference used in the interferometer method. Namely, in the interferometer method, the phase difference of the same wavelength at two different antennas is used.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die mindestens zwei Frequenzen zwei unterschiedliche Kommunikationskanäle eines gemeinsamen Kommunikationsmittels sind. Dadurch ist in der Regel sichergestellt, dass der Frequenzabstand der zwei Frequenzen nicht zu groß ist und zudem eine einheitliche Auswertung und Verarbeitung durch ein und dasselbe Empfangsmodul gewährleistet ist . Insbesondere bevorzugt ist in diesem Zusammenhang WLAN nach IEEE 802.11p als Kommunikationsmittel geeignet, da hier über zwei jeweils 10 MHz Bandbreite aufweisende Kanäle kommuniziert wird, welche durch einen dritten, ungenutzten und ebenfalls 10 MHz Bandbreite aufweisenden Kanal getrennt sind. Most preferably, it is provided that the at least two frequencies are two different communication channels of a common communication means. As a result, it is generally ensured that the frequency spacing of the two frequencies is not too great and, moreover, uniform evaluation and processing by one and the same receiving module is ensured. In this context, WLAN according to IEEE 802.11p is particularly preferred as a means of communication since two channels each having a bandwidth of 10 MHz are communicated here, which channels are separated by a third channel which is unused and also has a bandwidth of 10 MHz.
Es ist vorteilhaft, dass der gesamte Dateninhalt validiert wird, wenn der Dateninhalt mindestens der bestimmten Richtung und/oder mindestens der bestimmten ersten Entfernung und/oder mindestens der bestimmten zweiten Entfernung und/oder mindestens der Unterteilung nicht widerspricht. Alle diese Größen erlauben eine zuverlässige Überprüfung der ihnen entsprechenden, vom Dateninhalt umfassten Größen. Da davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass dem vollständigen Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals vertraut werden kann, wenn eine oder mehrere der eben genannten, vom Dateninhalt umfassten Größen nicht den ihnen entsprechenden bestimmten Größen widersprechen bzw. sogar mit diesen übereinstimmen, kann der Dateninhalt somit validiert werden. It is advantageous that the entire data content is validated if the data content of at least the determined direction and / or at least the determined first distance and / or at least the determined second distance and / or at least the Subdivision does not contradict. All these sizes allow a reliable check of their corresponding sizes, which are covered by the data content. Since it can be assumed that the complete data content of the communication signal can be trusted if one or more of the above-mentioned variables included in the data content does not contradict or even match the specific quantities corresponding to them, the data content can thus be validated.
Insbesondere wird der gesamte Dateninhalt nur dann validiert, wenn er nicht nur einer der genannten Größen nicht widerspricht, sondern wenn er allen zur Validierung herangezogenen Größen nicht widerspricht. Andernfalls wird er als unzuverlässig verworfen und nicht weiter ausgewertet bzw. nicht elektronisch verarbeitet . In particular, the entire data content is validated only if it does not contradict only one of the mentioned sizes, but if it does not contradict all variables used for validation. Otherwise it will be rejected as unreliable and will not be further evaluated or processed electronically.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass das Sendemodul und das Empfangsmodul unterschiedlichen Verkehrsteilnehmern zugeordnet sind. Somit kann das Verfahren vorteilhafterweise im Straßenverkehr bei der Kommunikation unterschiedlicher Verkehrsteilnehmer eingesetzt werden. Da gerade im Straßenverkehr die Zuverlässigkeit der empfangenen Kommunikationssignale von besonderer Bedeutung ist, ergibt sich hier ein großer Vorteil. Verkehrsteilnehmer im Sinne der Erfindung sind insbesondere alle Arten von Kraftfahrzeugen, wie etwas LKW, PKW und Motorräder, aber auch Fahrradfahrer und Fußgänger. It is preferred that the transmission module and the reception module are assigned to different road users. Thus, the method can advantageously be used in road traffic in the communication of different road users. Since the reliability of the received communication signals is of particular importance in road traffic, this is a great advantage. Road users in the context of the invention are in particular all types of motor vehicles, such as trucks, cars and motorcycles, but also cyclists and pedestrians.
Außerdem ist es zweckmäßig, dass der Dateninhalt einen fahr- zeugsicherheitskritischen Eingriff in eine Fahrzeugsteuerung eines Fahrzeugs, welchem das Empfangsmodul zugeordnet ist, auslöst. Daraus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass das Kommunika¬ tionssignal bzw. dessen Dateninhalt im Fahrzeug, dem das Empfangsmodul zugeordnet ist, zur Unfallvermeidung bzw. zur Unfallminderung verwendet werden kann. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Kommunikationsvorrichtung zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals, mindestens umfassend ein Sendemodul, ein Empfangsmodul, zwei Antennen, Datenauslesemittel, Richtungs- bestimmungsmittel und Validierungsmittel, wobei die zwei An¬ tennen gleichermaßen sowohl dem Sendemodul als auch dem Empfangsmodul zugeordnet sind, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels des Sendemoduls zum Senden von Kommunikationssignalen und mittels des Empfangsmoduls zum Empfangen von Kommunika- tionssignalen ausgebildet ist, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Datenauslesemittel zum Auslesen einer vom Dateninhalt umfasste Positionsangabe ausgebildet ist, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Richtungsbestimmungs- mittel zum Bestimmen einer Richtung, aus der die Kommunika- tionssignale empfangen werden, ausgebildet ist und wobei die die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Validierungsmittel zum Heranziehen der Richtung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe ausgebildet ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Kommunikationsvorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Richtungsbestimmungsmittel zum Bestimmen der Richtung aus einer Phasendifferenz desIn addition, it is expedient that the data content triggers a vehicle safety-critical intervention in a vehicle control system of a vehicle to which the reception module is assigned. This results in the advantage that the communica tion ¬ signal or its data content in the vehicle, which is associated with the receiving module, may be used to avoid accidents or accident reduction. The invention further relates to a communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal, comprising at least a transmitting module, a receiving module, two antennas, data read-out means, direction determining means and validation means, said two on ¬ antennas are equally allocated to both the transmit module and the receive module wherein the communication device is formed by means of the transmission module for transmitting communication signals and by means of the receiving module for receiving communication signals, wherein the communication device is formed by means of the data reading means for reading a position information comprised of the data content, wherein the communication device means for determining a direction from which the communication signals are received, and wherein the communication device using the validation means to use en the direction is designed to validate the position information. The communication device according to the invention is characterized in that the direction determining means for determining the direction from a phase difference of
Kommunikationssignals an den zwei Antennen ausgebildet sind. Communication signal to the two antennas are formed.
Das Empfangsmodul und das Sendemodul können beide jeweils gleichzeitig auf beide Antennen zugreifen, beispielsweise mittels eines sogenannten Zirkulators. Die Datenauslesemittel, die Richtungsbestimmungsmittel und die Validierungsmittel können als getrennte oder als ein zusammengefasstes elektro¬ nisches Rechenwerk ausgebildet sein, welches Soft¬ ware-Algorithmen zum Auslesen der Daten, zum Bestimmen der Richtung bzw. zum Validieren der Positionsangabe und ggf. des weiteren Dateninhalts ausführt. The reception module and the transmission module can both access both antennas simultaneously, for example by means of a so-called circulator. The data reading means, the direction determining means and the validating means may be formed as a separate or as a combined electro ¬ niche arithmetic unit, which executes soft ¬ ware algorithms for reading the data, for determining the direction or for validating the position information and possibly the other data content ,
Da die erfindungsgemäße Kommunikationsvorrichtung somit alle zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens notwendigen Mittel umfasst, ergeben sich hieraus die bereits beschriebenen Vorteile. Since the communication device according to the invention thus all necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention means This results in the already described advantages.
Bevorzugt ist es vorgesehen, dass die mindestens zwei Antennen räumlich um weniger als die halbe Wellenlänge des Kommunika¬ tionssignals beabstandet sind. Daraus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass Mehrdeutigkeiten bei der Bestimmung der Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul vermieden werden. Außerdem ist es vorgesehen, dass die Kommunikationsvorrichtung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführt. Dazu können insbe¬ sondere zusätzlich zu den bereits genannten Mitteln Preferably, it is provided that the at least two antennas are spatially separated by less than half the wavelength of the communica tion ¬ signal. This results in the advantage that ambiguities in the determination of the direction from the receiving module to the transmission module are avoided. In addition, it is provided that the communication device carries out the method according to the invention. These in particular ¬ sondere in addition to the aforementioned means
Entfernunsgbestimmungsmittel , Unterteilungsmittel und Dopp- lerfrequenzbestimmungsmittel vorgesehen sein, welche bei- spielsweise ebenfalls als elektronische Rechenwerke ausgebildet sein können. Distance determining means, subdivision means and Doppl lerfrequenzbestimmungsmittel be provided, which may for example also be designed as electronic arithmetic units.
Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung eine Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Kommunikationsvorrichtung zur Fahr- zeug-zu-X-Kommunikation in einem Fahrzeug. Finally, the invention relates to a use of the communication device according to the invention for vehicle-to-X communication in a vehicle.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels an Hand von Figuren. Further preferred embodiments will become apparent from the subclaims and the following description of an embodiment with reference to figures.
Es zeigen Show it
Fig. 1 ein Empfangsmodul einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung, welches die Richtung zu einem Sendemodul bestimmt und Fig. 1 is a receiving module of a communication device, which determines the direction to a transmission module and
Fig. 2 einen möglichen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in Form eines Flussdiagramms. In Fig. 1 ist schematisch Empfangsmodul 11 einer nicht dargestellten Kommunikationsvorrichtung in einem ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Kraftfahrzeug zu sehen. Empfangsmodul 11 umfasst zwei Antennen 12 und 13, mittels derer Empfangsmodul 11 Kom- munikationssignale von Sendemodul 14 empfängt. Die Kommuni¬ kationssignale sind dabei als Pfeile 15 und 16 dargestellt und veranschaulichen die unterschiedlichen Winkel, unter denen die von Sendemodul 14 gesendeten Kommunikationssignale auf Antennen 12 und 13 treffen bzw. von diesen erfasst werden. Auch Sendemodul 14 ist einer nicht dargestellten Kommunikationsvorrichtung in einem nicht dargestellten Kraftfahrzeug zugeordnet. Die räumliche Beabstandung von Antennen 12 und 13 beträgt weniger als die halbe Wellenlänge der von Sendemodul 14 gesendeten Kom¬ munikationssignale. Wie zu sehen ist, laufen die von Sendemodul 14 gesendeten Kommunikationssignale jeweils über eine unter¬ schiedliche Entfernung, bevor sie von Antenne 11 bzw. 12 erfasst werden. Da die Kommunikationssignale somit von Antennen 11 und 12 mit unterschiedlichen Phasen erfasst werden, kann aus der Phasendifferenz der Winkel p bestimmt werden, welcher die Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul angibt. Das anhand von Fig. 1 dargestellte, sogenannte Interferometer-Verfahren ist jedoch nur auf 180° eindeutig, da sich Sendemodul 14 auch unter dem Winkel p auf der linken Seiten von Empfangsmodul 11 befinden könnte (anstatt, wie hier dargestellt, auf der rechten Seite) . Zur Validierung einer von den Kommunikationssignalen umfassten Positionsangabe ist dies jedoch ausreichend. 2 shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention in the form of a flowchart. In Fig. 1 is shown schematically receiving module 11 of a communication device, not shown in a motor vehicle, also not shown. Receiving module 11 comprises two antennas 12 and 13, by means of which the receiving module 11 receives communication signals from the transmitting module 14. The communi cation ¬ signals are represented here as arrows 15 and 16 and illustrate the different angles at which the take transmitted by transmitter module 14 communication signals to antennas 12 and 13 and are detected by these. Also, transmission module 14 is associated with a communication device, not shown, in a motor vehicle, not shown. The spatial spacing of antennas 12 and 13 is less than half the wavelength of the transmission module 14 sent Kom ¬ munikationssignale. As can be seen, the communication signals transmitted by transmitter module 14 run in each case via a schiedliche under ¬ distance before they are detected by antenna 11 and 12 respectively. Since the communication signals are thus detected by antennas 11 and 12 having different phases, the phase difference can be used to determine the angle p, which indicates the direction from the receiving module to the transmitting module. The so-called interferometer method illustrated with reference to FIG. 1, however, is unique only at 180 °, since transmitter module 14 could also be located at the angle p on the left side of receiver module 11 (instead, as shown here, on the right side). , However, this is sufficient for validating a position indication encompassed by the communication signals.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen möglichen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in Form eines Flussdiagramms. In Verfahrensschritt 201 wird ein Kommunikationssignal, dessen Dateninhalt eine Positionsangabe des das Kommunikationssignal sendenden Sen¬ demoduls umfasst, von einem Empfangsmodul mittels zwei Antennen empfangen. In Schritt 202 wird nun eine Phasendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den zwei Antennen bestimmt. Gleich- zeitig wird in Schritt 203 die Positionsangabe im Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals ausgelesen und in Schritt 207 eine Empfangsleistung des Kommunikationssignals an einer der zwei Antennen bestimmt. In Verfahrensschritt 204 wird gemäß dem Interferometer-Verfahren aus der bestimmten Phasendifferenz die Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt. In Schritt 205 wird aus der Positionsangabe im Dateninhalt des Kommuni¬ kationssignals ebenfalls die Richtung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt und in Schritt 206 wird aus der Positi- onsangabe im Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals eine Ent¬ fernung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt . In Schritt 208 wird nun aus der an einer der zwei Antennen bestimmten Empfangsleistung des Kommunikationssignals eine Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul zum Sendemodul bestimmt. Dabei wird davon aus- gegangen, dass das Kommunikationssignal auf der Wegstrecke vom Sendemodul zum Empfangsmodul nicht durch Sichthindernisse oder sonstige Abschattungen abgeschwächt wird. Sofern dies dennoch er Fall ist, ist die solcherart bestimmte Entfernung größer als die tatsächliche Entfernung. Die bestimmte Entfernung beschreibt somit eine gerade noch plausible maximale Entfernung. In Schritt 209 wird die aus der Empfangsleistung bestimmte Entfernung mit der aus der Positionsangabe bestimmten Entfernung verglichen. Da die aus der Positionsangabe bestimmte Entfernung nur halb so groß ist wie die aus der Empfangsleistung bestimmte Entfernung, liegt in diesem Fall kein Widerspruch vor. In Schritt 210 wird nun die aus der Phasendifferenz bestimmte Richtung mit der aus der Positionsangabe bestimmten Richtung verglichen. Da auch in diesem Fall kein Widerspruch vorliegt, wird der gesamte Da¬ teninhalt des Kommunikationssignals in Schritt 211 validiert und gilt somit als vertrauenswürdig. In Schritt 212 wird daher der gesamte Dateninhalt des Kommunikationssignals ausgelesen und von unterschiedlichen Fahrzeugsystemen verarbeitet. FIG. 2 shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention in the form of a flow chart. In process step 201, a communication signal, the data content comprises a position indication of the communication signal transmitting Sen ¬ demoduls, received by a receiving module by means of two antennas. In step 202, a phase difference of the communication signal at the two antennas is now determined. Equal- In time, the position information in the data content of the communication signal is read out in step 203, and a reception power of the communication signal at one of the two antennas is determined in step 207. In method step 204, the direction from the reception module to the transmission module is determined from the determined phase difference according to the interferometer method. In step 205, the direction from the receiver module is out of position information in the data content of the communi ¬ cation signal also determined to the transmission module, and in step 206, a decision ¬ fernung is determined by the receiving module to the transmitter module from the position specified in the data content of the communication signal. In step 208, a distance from the receiving module to the transmitting module is determined from the received power of the communication signal determined at one of the two antennas. It is assumed that the communication signal is not attenuated by obstructions or other shadowing on the route from the transmitter module to the receiver module. However, if this is the case, the distance thus determined is greater than the actual distance. The determined distance thus describes a just yet plausible maximum distance. In step 209, the distance determined from the received power is compared with the distance determined from the position indication. Since the distance determined from the position specification is only half the distance determined from the reception power, there is no contradiction in this case. In step 210, the direction determined from the phase difference is compared with the direction determined from the position specification. Also in this case, since no contradiction is present, the entire Since ¬ teninhalt of the communication signal is validated in step 211, and thus considered to be trustworthy. In step 212, therefore, the entire data content of the communication signal is read out and processed by different vehicle systems.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals, wobei der Dateninhalt mindestens eine Positionsangabe eines das Kommunikationssignal sendenden Sendemoduls (14) umfasst, wobei das Kommunikati¬ onssignal von einem mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) auf¬ weisenden Empfangsmodul (11) empfangen wird, wobei mittels des Kommunikationssignals eine Richtung vom Empfangsmodul (11) zum Sendemodul (14) bestimmt wird und wobei die bestimmte Richtung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe herangezogen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Richtung aus einer Phasendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) bestimmt wird. 1. A method for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal, wherein the data content comprises at least one position indication of the communication signal transmitting transmission module (14), wherein the Kommunikati ¬ onssignal of an at least two antennas (12, 13) on ¬ facing receiver module (11) wherein a direction from the receiving module (11) to the transmitting module (14) is determined by means of the communication signal and wherein the particular direction is used to validate the position indication, characterized in that the direction of a phase difference of the communication signal at the at least two antennas ( 12, 13) is determined.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kommunikationssignal vom Empfangsmodul (11) mittels der mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) zeitlich parallel erfasst wird. characterized in that the communication signal from the receiving module (11) by means of the at least two antennas (12, 13) is detected in parallel in time.
3. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels einer erfassten Emp¬ fangsleistung des Kommunikationssignals an mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) eine erste Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul (11) zum Sendemodul (14) bestimmt wird und dass die erste Entfernung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe herangezogen wird. 3. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that by means of a detected Emp ¬ fangsleistung of the communication signal to at least one of the at least two antennas (12, 13) determines a first distance from the receiving module (11) to the transmission module (14) and that the first distance is used to validate the position.
4. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Dopplerfrequenz des Kommu¬ nikationssignals bestimmt wird. 4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a Doppler frequency of the commu ¬ nicationssignals is determined.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, 5. The method according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels der Dopplerfrequenz eine Unterteilung der Sendeeinheiten in bewegte Sendeeinheiten (14) und stationäre Sendeeinheiten (14) erfolgt. characterized in that by means of the Doppler frequency, a subdivision of the transmitting units into moving transmitting units (14) and stationary transmitting units (14) takes place.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dateninhalt weiterhin eine Geschwindigkeitsangabe des das Kommunikationssignal sendende Sendemoduls (14) umfasst, wobei die Unterteilung der Sende¬ einheiten zur Validierung der Geschwindigkeitsangabe herangezogen wird. characterized in that the data content further comprises an indication of speed of the communication signal transmitting transmission module (14), wherein the division of the transmission is ¬ units used to validate the speed indication.
7. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels der mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) zeitlich parallel Kommunikationssignale auf mindestens zwei Frequenzen gesendet und/oder empfangen werden. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that by means of the at least one of the at least two antennas (12, 13) temporally parallel communication signals are transmitted and / or received on at least two frequencies.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, 8. The method according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus einer Phasendifferenz der Kommunikationssignale auf den mindestens zwei Frequenzen an der mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) eine zweite Entfernung vom Empfangsmodul (11) zum Sendemodul (14) bestimmt wird. characterized in that a second distance from the receiving module (11) to the transmitting module (14) is determined from a phase difference of the communication signals on the at least two frequencies at the at least one of the at least two antennas (12, 13).
9. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gesamte Dateninhalt validiert wird, wenn der Dateninhalt mindestens der bestimmten Richtung und/oder mindestens der bestimmten ersten Entfernung und/oder mindestens der bestimmten zweiten Entfernung und/oder mindestens der Unterteilung nicht widerspricht. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the entire data content is validated if the data content of at least the determined direction and / or at least the determined first distance and / or at least the determined second distance and / or at least the Subdivision does not contradict.
10. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sendemodul (14) und das Emp¬ fangsmodul (11) unterschiedlichen Verkehrsteilnehmern zuge- ordnet sind. 10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the transmission module (14) and the receiving module ¬ (11) are assigned to different road users.
11. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dateninhalt einen fahrzeug- sicherheitskritischen Eingriff in eine Fahrzeugsteuerung eines Fahrzeugs, welchem das Empfangsmodul (11) zugeordnet ist, auslöst . 11. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the data content triggers a vehicle safety critical intervention in a vehicle control of a vehicle, which is associated with the receiving module (11).
12. Kommunikationsvorrichtung zur Validierung eines Dateninhalts eines drahtlos empfangenen Kommunikationssignals, um- fassend ein Sendemodul (14), ein Empfangsmodul (11), mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13), Datenauslesemittel, Richtungsbestimmungsmittel und Validierungsmittel , wobei die zwei Antennen (12, 13) gleichermaßen sowohl dem Sendemodul (14) als auch dem Empfangsmodul (11) zugeordnet sind, wobei die Kommunikati- onsvorrichtung mittels des Sendemoduls (14) zum Senden vonA communication device for validating a data content of a wirelessly received communication signal, comprising a transmitting module (14), a receiving module (11), at least two antennas (12, 13), data reading means, direction determining means and validating means, the two antennas (12, 13 ) are assigned to both the transmitting module (14) and the receiving module (11), wherein the communication device by means of the transmitting module (14) for transmitting
Kommunikationssignalen und mittels des Empfangsmoduls (11) zum Empfangen von Kommunikationssignalen ausgebildet ist, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Datenauslesemittel zum Auslesen einer vom Dateninhalt umfasste Positionsangabe aus- gebildet ist, wobei die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Richtungsbestimmungsmittel zum Bestimmen einer Richtung, aus der die Kommunikationssignale empfangen werden, ausgebildet ist und wobei die die Kommunikationsvorrichtung mittels der Validierungsmittel zum Heranziehen der Richtung zur Validierung der Positionsangabe ausgebildet ist, Communication signals and by means of the receiving module (11) for receiving communication signals is formed, wherein the communication device is formed by means of the data reading means for reading a position data included from the data content, wherein the communication device by means of the direction determining means for determining a direction from which the communication signals are received , is formed and wherein the communication device is formed by means of the validation means for using the direction for validation of the position indication,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Richtungsbestimmungsmittel zum Bestimmen der Richtung aus einer Phasendifferenz des Kommunikationssignals an den zwei Antennen ausgebildet sind. characterized in that the direction determining means for determining the direction is formed from a phase difference of the communication signal at the two antennas.
13. Kommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, 13. Communication device according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens zwei Antennen (12, 13) räumlich um weniger als die halbe Wellenlänge des Kommu¬ nikationssignals beabstandet sind. characterized in that the at least two antennas (12, 13) are spatially spaced by less than half the wavelength of the communi ¬ nikationssignals.
14. Kommunikationsvorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 12 und 13, 14. Communication device according to at least one of claims 12 and 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kommunikationsvorrichtung ein Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 ausführt. characterized in that the communication device executes a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11.
15. Verwendung der Kommunikationsvorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14 zur Fahrzeug-zu-X-Kommunikation in einem Fahrzeug. 15. Use of the communication device according to at least one of claims 12 to 14 for vehicle-to-X communication in a vehicle.
EP14761359.0A 2013-09-06 2014-09-05 Method and communication apparatus for validating a data content in a wirelessly received communication signal, and use of the communication apparatus Withdrawn EP3042216A1 (en)

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