EP3029403B1 - Procédé et dispositif de séchage de l'isolation de matière solide de la pièce active d'un appareil électrique selon le procédé de phase gazeuse - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de séchage de l'isolation de matière solide de la pièce active d'un appareil électrique selon le procédé de phase gazeuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3029403B1
EP3029403B1 EP14075076.1A EP14075076A EP3029403B1 EP 3029403 B1 EP3029403 B1 EP 3029403B1 EP 14075076 A EP14075076 A EP 14075076A EP 3029403 B1 EP3029403 B1 EP 3029403B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
solvent
vapour
housing
flow channel
vacuum container
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EP14075076.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3029403A1 (fr
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Paul Gmeiner
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • F26B21/145—Condensing the vapour onto the surface of the materials to be dried
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods according to the introductory part of claim 1 and to an apparatus according to the introductory part of claim 8 for carrying out this method.
  • the solid insulation of the active part in the housing of the electrical device can be dried, but possibly also in a stationary autoclave.
  • a newly delivered transformer can be dried at the site before filling with insulating oil. But it can also dried the active part of an electric device in the field and the solid insulation of old insulating oil are released, with which the housing of the transformer is filled during its operation in the field.
  • the active part includes, among other solid insulation, which are flooded with insulating oil before the operation of the transformer.
  • the active part is installed in the vacuum-resistant housing of the transformer and kept at negative pressure during the process.
  • the solvent vapor may alternatively be generated inside or outside the transformer housing.
  • the water vapor emerging from the solid insulation during heating and the solvent vapor present in the transformer housing are fed, together with the unavoidable leakage air, to a condensation and separation device in which the condensed water is separated from the condensed solvent and the leakage air is sucked off with a vacuum pump.
  • the washed out of the solid insulation old impregnating oil is removed by distillation from the solvent.
  • An in Figure 6 apparatus for carrying out a working according to the vapour-phase method drying method for isolierölgetränkte solid insulation of a transformer has arranged outside a housing of the transformer, a solvent heater and a feed pump. Solvent heated in the solvent heater is guided in liquid form in the circulating process into a flow channel located inside the transformer housing and designed in the manner of a Venturi nozzle. When the heated, liquid solvent enters the flow channel, part of the solvent evaporates and condenses on the solid insulation to be dried and liberated from old insulating oil (waste oil) and thus promotes the escape of water from the insulation by rapid heating of the solid insulation.
  • waste oil old insulating oil
  • the used oil dissolved out of the insulation.
  • the flow channel is formed in the manner of a Venturi nozzle and arranged as an open channel section in the interior of the housing, the circulation rate of a formed during heating of the solid insulation, solvent and water vapor mixed steam flow is greatly increased, resulting in good heat transfer to the transformer active part.
  • the heating power of the apparatus is greatly reduced, resulting in extended drying times.
  • the invention has the object to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the method of the type mentioned above and at the same time to provide a device which is suitable to perform this method in a simple and economical manner.
  • the multi-stage injection of the superheated solvent into a plurality of suitably connected evaporator stages in the flow channel increases the turbulence of the Solventsattdampfs generated in the evaporator stages and the sucked mixed steam at the exit from the flow channel in the vacuum vessel. Therefore, the solid insulation of the active part can be heated more rapidly and more uniformly and thus the drying time can be shortened and the quality of the drying can be improved.
  • the heated solvent at high speed in several stages, the resulting Solventsattdampf mixed with the supplied from the vacuum tank and sucked through the inlet openings of the flow channel mixed steam.
  • the superheated solvent is heated to a temperature which is above the permissible drying temperature and below the ignition point of the solvent.
  • a temperature which is above the permissible drying temperature and below the ignition point of the solvent With such a high solvent temperature, the majority of the supplied, superheated solvent vaporizes to Solventsattdampf in the multistage Solventdampfer Wegung.
  • This has the advantage that only slightly unvaporated solvent is discharged through a discharge nozzle from the vacuum tank and even with vacuum tanks, which are designed as a transformer housing and have only small emptying nozzle, large evaporator heating and thus a particularly high efficiency of the method is achieved according to the invention.
  • the vacuum container consists of an active part receiving transformer housing and a steam generator housing, which is attached to a housing opening to the transformer housing and which receives the flow channel, the non-evaporated solvent and optionally existing insulating oil between the outlet opening of the flow channel and the opening of the transformer housing from a discharged at the outlet opening from the flow channel steam jet and removed from the evaporator housing
  • the first and the second portion of the flow channel are each in the manner of a Venturi nozzle
  • the first part of the superheated solvent at a constriction of the first portion and the second part of the superheated Solövents at a constriction of the second portion be injected into the flow channel.
  • a large part of non-evaporated solvent and possibly existing waste oil is removed from the vacuum tank in the evaporator housing.
  • the discharge nozzle is relieved and can therefore be sized small. It is so despite large drainage a large circulation of solvent and possibly existing waste oil allows, which ensures high performance of the solvent evaporator.
  • resulting solvent and optionally resulting insulating oil can be removed due to gravity or pressure difference from the vacuum tank and after overheating the solvent can be injected back into the flow channel.
  • the superheated solvent can be injected into the flow channel to form superheated solvent vapor so as to increase the efficiency during reheating and accordingly during drying in the fine vacuum phase.
  • the solvent steam generator can have a pipe guided centrally in the flow channel for feeding the steam generator stages with superheated solvent, which pipe can be flexible at least in sections.
  • the direction of a steam jet which can be guided out of the outlet opening of the flow channel can be variable as a function of the position of the solid insulation.
  • the vacuum container may also consist of an active part receiving the transformer housing and an evaporator housing, which is attached to a housing opening to the transformer housing and which receives the solvent evaporator and a separator for separating non-evaporated solvent and any existing insulating oil between the outlet opening and the opening of the Transformer housing and to remove the deposited solvent and any existing insulating oil is provided from the vacuum housing.
  • the evaporator housing may comprise two chambers separated from one another by a partition wall, a first of which receives the solvent steam generator and mixed steam from the transformer housing, and the second chamber has an outlet leading to the transformer housing for guiding a steam flow following the removal of the separated solvent the optionally existing insulating oil contains mainly Solventsattdampf and mixed steam.
  • the separating device may have at least one flow circulation plate for deflecting a steam jet which can be guided through the outlet opening of the flow channel from the first into the second chamber, at least one flow plate for collecting the separated, unevaporated solvent and the optional insulating oil, and also at least one evacuation pipe for collecting and removing the separated solvent and the optional insulating oil from the vacuum vessel.
  • the vacuum container can receive a discharge line guided at its lowest point, which is connected to an evacuatable emptying container by an opening of the vacuum container, preferably designed as a discharge nozzle.
  • the heated active part is kept at reduced pressure for drying.
  • the oil / solvent mixture present at the bottom of the housing is withdrawn via the discharge nozzle by a pump and, on the other hand, aspirated in parallel via a small drainage pipe located inside the drainage nozzle into a drainage container which is at a lower pressure than the transformer housing.
  • the pumped and extracted oil / solvent mixture is reheated and fed to the housing until all the solvent has evaporated and is condensed in a condensation system located outside the housing.
  • the oil accumulated at the bottom of the housing is emptied into the drainage container via a drainage nozzle and pump on the one hand and via a small drainage pipe on the other hand. If, during the vacuum phase, the level of the oil / solvent mixture in the transformer below the discharge nozzle drops, so that circulating and heating by the feed pump is not possible, the present at the bottom of the transformer housing oil / solvent mixture via small discharge line to the discharge tank and the distillation evaporator, circulated, circulated and heated until all of the solvent has evaporated, condensed in a condensation system external to the housing. The oil in the distillation evaporator is fed to the used oil tank.
  • new solvent is introduced into the transformer housing and further heating and vacuum phases are initiated in the same manner as the first heating phase.
  • the main part of the waste oil from the active part is washed out in the first heating phase.
  • the emptying of small residual amounts of oil / solvent mixture in the subsequent heating phases is carried out through a small discharge line in the drain tank and via feed pump, solvent heater in the distillation evaporator and after evaporation of residual solvent and condensation in a lying outside the housing condensation system, the oil is fed to the waste oil tank , This ensures that in the subsequent drying phase, the waste oil washed out of the solid insulation is largely removed and thus no longer pollutes the transformer.
  • a superheated solvent vapor serving for reheating the solid insulation is introduced into the transformer housing.
  • the temperature of the superheated solvent vapor introduced is kept higher than the temperature of the solid insulation and the pressure in the vacuum container is kept lower than the pressure which the solvent vapor has at its condensation point determined by the temperature of the solid insulation.
  • the solid insulation of the active part which cools down when it is kept under reduced pressure, is reheated by the introduction of superheated solvent vapor. Since the pressure of the introduced, superheated solvent vapor always below its by the temperature of the solid insulation respectively. the condensing point certain condensing pressure, transfers the superheated solvent vapor energy only by convection and radiation, so that condensation on the surfaces of the solid insulation is avoided.
  • the superheated solvent vapor flows into all channels and cavities of the solid insulation due to the pressure difference and preferably warms them by convection.
  • the device provided for carrying out the method according to the invention can communicate, in addition to the active part accommodating transformer housing communicating a vacuum system, a device for heating solvent, arranged within the transformer housing at least 2 stages Solventsattdampf and superheated Solventdampf generating apparatus, a condensation device for sucking the mixed steam from the transformer housing contain.
  • This Solventsattdampf forming at least two-stage device has a arranged below the transformer housing emptying tank for emptying residual heated solvent / oil mixture, from the transformer housing, a arranged outside the discharge container, connecting vacuum control valve for regulating the pressure in function of the pressure prevailing in the transformer housing.
  • Attached to the discharge socket of the transformer housing is a connection flange with drain line and integrated, adjustable height drain line.
  • the steam generator may include at least two jet injector ducts having the contour of venturi nozzles and at least two supply pipes arranged in the jet injection ducts, connecting pipes having injection ports for supplying superheated solbent / oil mixture during heating, and supplying heated solvent from the solvent supply tank for the reheating.
  • the injection openings of solvent can be arranged in the region of the bottleneck of the jet injection channels determined by the contour of the venturi tube.
  • the injection channels and the outlet openings may be spatially variable in the case of the individual solvent steam generators.
  • the jet injection channels may be oriented such that flows of saturated saturated steam and or superheated solvent vapor in variable directions emerging from the last channel during heating pass into a space bounded by the active part and the inner wall of the transformer housing.
  • the at least 2 stage Solventsattdampf and superheated Solventdampfingde apparatus can be installed in a connected to the transformer housing evaporator housing.
  • Partitions and drain sockets in the evaporator housing ensure that the non-evaporated solvent / oil mixture is fed directly to a feed pump and does not flow into the transformer housing.
  • the capacity of the solvent pump can be increased even with a small discharge nozzle of the transformer housing in an advantageous manner, which ensures a large Verdampferloomiereiereiere and reduces the drying time.
  • the drying device may include a downstream of the solvent heater device for distilling off residual solvent with an outside of the device arranged, connecting vacuum control valve for controlling the pressure. This ensures a distillation even of small amounts of a solvent / oil mixture outside the transformer housing.
  • a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the solid insulation can be arranged on a part of the solid insulation designed as a barrier insulation.
  • a control valve connecting the transformer housing with the condensation device may be provided for regulating the pressure prevailing in the transformer housing in function of the temperature of the solid insulation during the reheating.
  • Air heated in the air-cooled condenser / separator may be routed to a bottom wall of the transformer housing.
  • the heat radiation of the housing can be reduced and energy saved accordingly.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 drying device shown is used to dry a solid 1.5 containing active part 1.1, and the removal of the impregnating oil from active part 1.1 and solid insulation 1.5 of a designed as a transformer electrical device in the vacuum-tight running housing first
  • the solvent is generally a light oil having a substantially higher boiling point than water and a substantially lower boiling point than an impregnating oil which may still be present in the solid insulation 1.5 during drying and which will fill the housing 1 of the transformer during its operation, prior to drying of the active part 1.1 is emptied from the transformer housing 1.
  • the necessary for the heating of the active part 1.1 solvent is fed from a Solventlagertank 13.2 via shut-off valves 21,21.7, drain line 6, emptying port 1.4 and alternatively parallel via shut-off valve 21.6, 21.4, drain line 7 in the vacuum housing 1 until level switch 5 is flooded.
  • the injection openings 1st stage 3.1.1 and the stage 1 jet injection channel 3 therefore act more or less as evaporators.
  • By the flow of superheated solvent or solvent / oil mixture in the running in the manner of a venturi stage 1 jet injection channel 3 at high speed and the simultaneous emergence of Soladssattdampf 3.9 in Stage 1 jet injection channel 3 is additionally mixed solvent vapor 3.10 from the housing 1 in the stage 1 Jet Injection channel 3 is sucked in, which advantageously leads to higher turbulence of the solvent vapor in the housing 1.
  • the stage 1 jet injection channel 3 is directed so that the solvent vapor stream 3.9 emerging from this channel and possibly also containing solvent and waste oil and the solvent mixed vapor 3.10 drawn in through the inlet opening 1.step 3.1 flows into the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2.
  • the remaining heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture is supplied through connecting tube 3.7, flexible connecting pipe 3.5 to the injection openings 2nd stage 3.2.2, which are also at the narrowest point of the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2.
  • the heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture cools down further with the simultaneous emergence of Soladssattdampfströmung 3.9 high speed in stage 2 injection channel 3.2.
  • solvent mixed steam 3.10 is sucked out of the housing 1 through the suction opening 2.
  • stage 3.2.1 into the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2 which, in an advantageous manner, further increases turbulence of the solvent vapor in the housing 1.
  • stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2 is directed so that the emerging from the injection openings 2nd stage 3.2.1 and optionally still containing solvent and waste oil Solvent vapor flow 3.9 and sucked through the suction 2.Stufe 3.2.1 Solventmischdampf 3.10 the stage 3 jet injection channel 3.3 flows. This advantageously increases the turbulence of the solvent vapor in the housing 1.
  • the remaining heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture is fed through connection tube 3.7, flexible connecting tube 3.5 to the injection openings 3.stage 3.3.2, which are also at the narrowest point of the stage 3 jet injection channel 3.3.
  • the heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture cools down further with the simultaneous emergence of Soladssattdampftströmung 3.9, high speed in stage 3 jet injection channel 3.3.
  • solvent mixed steam 3.10 is sucked out of the housing 1 through the suction opening 3. stage 3.3.1 into the stage 3 jet injection channel 3.3. which advantageously increases turbulence of the solvent vapor in the housing 1 again.
  • the stage 3 jet injection channel 3.3 are directed so that the emerging from the injection openings 3.Stufe 3.3.2 and optionally still solvent and waste oil contained solvent vapor flow 3.9 and sucked through the suction 3.Stufe 3.3.1 Solventmischdampf 3.10, the exiting Solventsattdampf / mixed steam flow 3.11 forms and at high speed from the outlet opening Solventmischdampf 3.8, in the free space between transformer housing 1 and active part 1.1 exits.
  • This optimizes advantageously turbulence and speed of the solvent vapor in the housing 1, the temperature control solvent mixed steam 3.11, and the drying quality with simultaneous reduction of the heating time.
  • the transformer housing 1 has at the bottom in its bottom a drain port 1.4 for condensed solvent, as well as for optionally washed out of the solvent from the solid insulation 1.5 waste oil.
  • the emptying nozzle 1.4 is connected via a drain line 7, shut-off valves 21.4, 21.5, filter 8.1, a drain tank 10, check valve 21.11 with a feed pump 9.1.
  • Discharge container 10 is connected via vacuum control valve 11, vacuum connection line 17.1, shut-off valve 24.1 with the vacuum system 19 and alternatively via vacuum control valve 11, vacuum connection line 17.1, shut-off valve 24, with the N2 gas storage 20, for minimal pressure increase in the emptying container 10 during solvent / oil emptying.
  • the outlet of the feed pump 9.1 is connected via a shut-off 21.13 with the Solventerhitzer 2 or alternatively via a check valve 21.12 with waste oil tank 13, for receiving the possibly existing waste oil, which dissolved out during drying of the transformer active 1.1 by the solvent from the solid 1.5 and subsequently by distillation of Solvent was separated.
  • Emptying nozzle 1.4 is connected in parallel via drain line 6, shut-off valve 21.7, filter 8, shut-off valve 21.1 with the feed pump 9.
  • the outlet of the feed pump 9 is connected via a shut-off valve 21.2 with the Solventerhitzer 2 or alternatively via a shut-off valve 23, with Altöltank13, for receiving distilled Altoel, or alternatively via shut-off valve 21.16,21.17, with Solventlagertank 13.2 for recycling of any solvent from the transformer housing.
  • the Solventerhitzer 2 is connected via Solventverteil admir 2.2, shut-off valve 21.3 with distillation evaporator 12.
  • the distillation evaporator 12 is connected via vacuum control valve 11.1, vacuum connection line 17.1, shut-off valve 24.1 with the vacuum system 19.
  • Emptying of distilled Altoel via shut-off valve 21.10, feed pump 9.1, shut-off valve 21.12 in the waste oil tank 13 or alternatively, via shut-off valve 21.14, filter 8, shut-off valve 21.1, feed pump 9, shut-off valves 21.2 and 23 in the waste oil tank.
  • the transformer housing 1 is connected via a first mixing steam leading line 14.1, a Solventdampfregelventil 14, an air-cooled condenser / separator 16 and a mixed steam condenser 17 with a vacuum system 19.
  • the mixed steam condenser 17 has two outlets, one of which, connected to the vacuum system 19 and the other for emptying of solvent and water, via shut-off valve 21.15, in a, a water outlet valve 18.2, containing separation container 18th
  • the air-cooled condenser / separator 16 has a connecting piece which serves to supply air to a fan 16.1 and a further connecting piece, through which the heated air is guided via a hot air line 16.2 to the bottom of the transformer housing1.
  • a connecting piece which serves to supply air to a fan 16.1 and a further connecting piece, through which the heated air is guided via a hot air line 16.2 to the bottom of the transformer housing1.
  • Eventually condensed Solvent / oil vapor is fed via outlet pipe 16.4, solvent / oil Abtropftechnisch 16.5, shut-off valve 21.8, filter 8, 21.1 Absperventil the feed pump.
  • a 2-stage solvent steam generating device consisting mainly of stage 1 jet injection channel 3, stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2, and injection port 1st stage 3.1.1, injection port 2nd stage 3.2.2, in one with the Transformatorgenosuse1 in Connection standing evaporation housing 4 installed.
  • the evaporation housing 4 has a connection flange for connection to transformer housing 1, a feed connection 4.4, which is connected via Solventabsperrventil 21.17, Solventverteiltechnisch 2.2 with the Solventerhitzer 2.
  • Stage 1 jet injection channel 3 By the flow of superheated solvent or solvent / oil mixture in the running in the manner of a venturi stage 1 jet injection channel 3 high speed and simultaneous formation of Soladssattdampf 3.9, in Stage 1 jet injection channel 3 is additionally mixed solvent vapor 3.10, through a feed pipe 4.10, from the housing 1 sucked into the, stage 1 injection channel 3, which advantageously leads to higher turbulence of the solvent vapor in the evaporation housing 4 and in the housing 1.
  • the stage 1 jet injection channel 3 is directed so that a part of the flow channel 3 exiting and optionally still solvent and waste oil contained Solventdampfströmung 3.9 exits on the one hand in the free space in the evaporation housing 4 and on the other hand, a portion of Solventsattdampfströmung 3.9 the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2 flows.
  • the remaining heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture is fed through connecting tube 3.7, the injection ports 2nd stage 3.2.2, which are also at the narrowest point of the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2.
  • the heated solvent or solvent / oil mixture cools down further with the simultaneous emergence of a Solventsattdampfströmung 3.9, high speed in stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2.
  • solvent mixed steam 3.10 is sucked out of the housing 1 into the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2 by a feed pipe 4.10, which advantageously results in higher turbulence of the solvent vapor in the evaporation housing 4 and in the housing 1 and the heating time reduced.
  • the stage 2 jet injection channel 3.2 is directed so that the emerging and possibly still solvent and waste oil contained Solventdampfströmung 3.9 in the flow circulation plate 4.5 changes the direction and solvent / oil mixture 4.11 flows along the flow circulation plate 4.5 and then against the Solventdampfströmung to the connection flange of the evaporation housing drips off and drains through outlet 4.3.
  • the direction of the Soladssattdampfs / mixed steam 3.11 is changed again at the top of the partition 4.6.
  • the steam is guided to the straightening plate 4.5 and then flows at high speed and turbulence in the transformer housing 1.
  • Any Solvent / Oelgemisch 4.11 still present in the Solventmischdampfströmung 3.11 is collected in the drain plate 4.7 and supplied via drain pipe 4.8 the drain pipe 4.3.
  • the solvent present at the bottom of the transformer housing 1 is additionally sucked through discharge line 7, Solventabsperrventile 21.4, 21.5, Filter 8.1, in the standing at a lower pressure drain tank 10.
  • the pressure is controlled by vacuum control valve 11, vacuum sensor 10.2 and vacuum system 19.
  • the feed pump 9.1 sucks the solvent present in the Entlanss matterer 10 via the shut-off valve 21.11 and delivers it continuously via the shut-off valve 21.13, the Solventerhitzer 2 and the shut-off valve 22 in the Solventdampfermaschineer.
  • the resulting solvent vapor condenses on the active part 1.1 and heats it with simultaneous evaporation of the water contained in the solid insulation 1.5, resulting in the formation of a solvent and steam containing mixed steam with a small amount of air leakage in the transformer housing 1.
  • This mixed steam is with the vacuum system 19 aspirated via Solventdampfregelventil 14, any oil vapor and oil drops are deposited in the air-cooled condenser / separator 16, and condensed a part of solvent vapor and fed via Solventabsperrventil 21.8, 21.1, filter 8, the feed pump 9.
  • the remaining solvent and water vapor condenses in the mixed steam condenser 17.
  • the condensate flows via Solventabsperrventil 21.5 to the separation tank 18.
  • the separated solvent is returned to the solvent circuit with the feed pump 9.2 via check valve 25, shut-off valve 21.16 and heated in the solvent / oil heater 2.
  • the separated water is drained via the water drain valve 18.2.
  • resulting and possibly waste oil-containing solvent condensate is also via drain opening 1.4, drain line 6, shut-off 21.7,21.1, filter 8, funded with the pump 9 to the solvent / ⁇ hlitzer 2 and again for evaporation the jet injection channels 3, 3.2, 3.3 respectively supplied to the Solventeinspritzö réelleen 3.1.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.2.
  • solvent / oil mixture is sucked through drain line 7, Solventabsperrventil 21.4, 21.5, Filter 8.1, in the standing at a lower pressure drain tank 10 and supplied with feed pump 9.1 via open Solventabsperrventil 21.13 back to the heating circuit.
  • the solvent is injected through the injection openings 3.1.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.2 with advantage at the narrowest point in the jet injection channels 3, 3.2, 3.3.
  • the drawn-in mixed steam mixes with the superheated solvent injected at high speed and the solvent saturated steam 3.9 formed on injection.
  • the periodic Solventzu Adjustment is interrupted, that is, the Solventabsperrventil 21 closed and off Figure 5 apparent phase D1 introduced in which the solvent / oil mixture is circulated as described above, with continuous mixed solvent vapor 3.11 is taken. Since the oil content in the injection channels 3, 3.2, 3.3, does not evaporate, with continuous removal of mixed steam from the transformer housing 1 and condensation of the withdrawn solvent mixed steam 3.11 in the air-cooled condenser / separator 16 and the mixed steam condenser 17, the waste oil content in the transformer housing 1 steadily increases , until practically only pure waste oil is present.
  • Phase D2 be introduced, while as described in phase D1 by circulating the solvent / oil mixture and evaporation of the solvent vapor, the solvent content in the solvent / oil mixture is continuously reduced until the level switch 5.1 falls below and therefore no circulation through pump 9 is more possible.
  • phase D2 If at the end of the pressure reduction phase D2, the temperature of the solid insulation 4.2 as a result of evaporation of water and solvent from solid insulation 4.2 and active part 1.1 drops too much, or if in the heating phase H2 much Altoel is washed out of the solid insulation 4.2, can in a Figure 5 apparent phase F new solvent as described previously be fed into the transformer housing. Thereafter, in phase H3 heated solvent with feed pumps 9, 9.1 via the Solventerhitzer 2, Solventabsperrventil 22, the injection openings 3.1.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.2 supplied and circulated in the aforementioned manner and evaporated in the injection channels 3, 3.2, 3.3 become.
  • phase D3 are introduced, while as described in phase D2 by circulating the solvent / oil mixture and evaporation of the solvent vapor of the solvent content in the solvent / oil mixture continuously reduced until the level switch 5.1 is reached. Since only a small amount of waste oil from the solid insulation 1.5 is to dissolve, the level of the solvent / oil mixture in the transformer housing 1 is already dropped after a short circulation time and simultaneous evaporation of the solvent at a relatively high pressure in the transformer housing 1 to the level switch 5.1. The emptying of the solvent / oil mixture in the transformer housing 1 in the discharge tank 10, the distillation and the waste oil discharge takes place as described in phase D2, but without pressure build-up in the transformer housing 1 via N2 / air storage.
  • the solvent is drawn from the solvent storage tank 13.2 via the solvent shut-off valve 21, 21.6, 21.5, filter 8.1 into the evacuation container 10, which is under vacuum, and the quantity is monitored with level monitoring 10.1.
  • the Solventabsperrventil 21.11 open the feed pump 9.1
  • Solventabsperrventil 21.13 Solventzu111 founded on the Solventerhitzer 2, heated and via Solventverteil admir 2.2
  • Solventabsperrventil 22, Abdeckflansch 1.3 feed 3.4 to the injection openings 3.1.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.2 , and injected into the jet injection channels 3, 3.2, 3.3, with formation of superheated solvent vapor.
  • Non-evaporated solvent flows from the bottom of the transformer housing 1, via drain line 7, Solventabsperrventile 21.4, 21.5, filter 8.1, the discharge tank 10 and again the Solventsammlungkreilauf.
  • the temperature of the superheated Solventdampfaustritts with temperature controller 4.2 is controlled so that it is above the temperature of the solid insulation 1.5.
  • the pressure in the transformer housing 1 with solvent vapor control valve 14 and vacuum sensor / regulator 15, 15.1 controlled so that the pressure is always below the condensation pressure of the solvent, thereby ensuring that always superheated solvent vapor is present and therefore no solvent vapor condenses on the solid insulation 1.5. This ensures advantageously a Reheating of the solid insulation 1.5 by convection. Since no condensation of solvent vapor occurs, no solvent from the solid insulation 1.5 must be re-evaporated, which shortens the vacuum time.
  • phase H4 the maximum allowable pressure, monitored with pressure sensor 15, is reached, it is held constant for a defined time (phase H4), that is, as long as the insulation temperature, measured with a temperature controller 4.2, still increases. This ensures that the solid insulation 1.5 is reheated during phase H4 and the drying times are shortened.
  • any solvent present at the bottom of the transformer housing 1 as described above is sucked into the drainage container 10 and then returned to the solvent storage tank 13.2 via pump 9.1, via solenoid shut-off valves 21.13, 21.16, 21.17.
  • the phases F1, H4 can be repeated several times if necessary.

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé destiné à sécher les isolants solides (1.5) contenant de l'eau, le cas échéant en supplément de l'huile isolante, ainsi que des impuretés de la partie active (1.1) d'un appareil électrique d'après la méthode en phase vapeur, lors duquel dans au moins une phase de mise en température (H1, H2, ...), on fait chauffer sous dépression la partie active par condensation de vapeurs saturées de solvant et dans au moins un phase de baisse de la pression (D1, D2, ...) qui y est consécutive, on aspire les vapeurs mixtes qui se produisent à cet effet, par condensation à partir d'un réservoir sous vide (1) recevant la partie active (1.1), du solvant surchauffé étant évaporé en générant un jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9) dans un canal d'écoulement qui comporte au moins un premier orifice d'aspiration (3.1) placé dans le réservoir sous vide (1), ainsi qu'un orifice de sortie (3.8), placé dans le réservoir sous vide, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte une première partie du solvant surchauffé en créant un premier jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9) dans une première (3) et une seconde partie restante du solvant mis en température en créant au moins un deuxième jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9) dans au moins un deuxième tronçon (3.2) du canal d'écoulement, sur le lieu de génération (3.2.2) du deuxième jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9), les flux suivants présentant la même direction d'écoulement :
    (a) le premier jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant
    (b) des vapeurs mixtes aspirées à travers le premier orifice d'aspiration (3.1),
    (c) des vapeurs mixtes (3.10) aspirées à travers un deuxième orifice d'aspiration (3.2.1),
    et
    (d) le deuxième jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on chauffe le solvant surchauffé à une température qui est supérieure à la température de séchage admissible et inférieure au point d'inflammation du solvant.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, lors duquel le réservoir sous vide est constitué d'un bac de transformateur (1) recevant la partie active (1.1) et un boîtier d'évaporateur (4) lequel, par un orifice de boîtier (1.2) est rapporté sur le bac de transformateur (1) et lequel reçoit le canal d'écoulement, caractérisé en ce qu'on sépare du solvant non évaporé et de l'huile isolante, présente le cas échéant entre l'orifice de sortie (3.8) du canal d'écoulement et l'orifice (1.2) du bac du transformateur (1) à partir d'un jet de vapeurs (3.11) sortant du canal d'écoulement sur l'orifice de sortie (3.8) et on les élimine du boîtier d'évaporateur (4).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le deuxième tronçons du canal d'écoulement sont conçus chacun à la manière d'un tube de Venturi, la première partie du solvant surchauffé étant injectée dans un rétrécissement du premier tronçon et la seconde partie du solvant surchauffé étant injectée dans un rétrécissement du deuxième tronçon dans le canal d'écoulement.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que pendant la phase de baisse de la pression (D1, D2, ...), sous l'effet d'une gravitation ou d'une pression différentielle, du solvant et le cas échéant de l'huile isolante produite sont éliminés du réservoir sous vide (1) et après la surchauffe du solvant, sont réinjectés dans le canal d'écoulement.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que de l'huile isolante produite le cas échéant, encore présente dans le réservoir sous vide à la fin de la phase de baisse de la pression (D1, D2, ...) est éliminée hors du réservoir sous vide sous l'effet d'une gravitation ou d'une pression différentielle entre le réservoir sous vide (1) et un réservoir de vidage (10).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans une phase de vide poussé (F) se raccordant sur la phase de baisse de la pression, le solvant surchauffé est injecté dans le canal d'écoulement, pour créer des vapeurs de solvant surchauffées.
  8. Dispositif destiné à réaliser le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, contenant un réservoir sous vide (1), destiné à recevoir les isolants solides (1.5) contenant de l'eau, le cas échéant en supplément de l'huile isolante, ainsi que des impuretés de la partie active (1.1) d'un appareil électrique et en communication respective avec le réservoir sous vide :
    une installation sous vide (19),
    un dispositif de mise en température de solvant (2),
    un générateur de vapeurs de solvant placé dans le réservoir sous vide, avec un canal d'écoulement qui comporte au moins un premier orifice d'aspiration (3.1) placé dans le réservoir sous vide (1), ainsi qu'un orifice de sortie (3.8) placé dans le réservoir sous vide et
    un dispositif de condensation (17), destiné à aspirer des vapeurs mixtes hors du réservoir sous vide (1),
    caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeurs de solvant comporte au moins deux niveaux générateurs de vapeur placé le long du canal d'écoulement avec un écart réciproque, en ce qu'avec le premier et de deuxième niveaux générateurs de vapeur, dans un premier tronçon (3) du canal d'écoulement, un jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9) peut être généré et en ce que les deux niveaux générateurs de vapeur sont conçus et placés de telle sorte que sur le lieu de génération (3.2.2), du deuxième jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9), les flux listés ci-dessous présentent la même direction d'écoulement :
    (a) le premier jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant
    (b) des vapeurs mixtes aspirées à travers le premier orifice d'aspiration (3.1),
    (c) des vapeurs mixtes (3.10) aspirées à travers un deuxième orifice d'aspiration (3.2.1),
    et
    (d) le deuxième jet de vapeurs saturées de solvant (3.9).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeurs de solvant comporte un tube (3.5, 3.7) tiré au centre dans le canal d'écoulement, destiné à alimenter les niveaux générateurs de vapeur en solvant surchauffé.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le tube de liaison (3.7) comporte des tronçons de tube (3.5) conçus sous forme flexible.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la direction d'un jet de vapeurs (3.11) menant hors de l'orifice de sortie (3.9) du canal d'écoulement est variable en fonction de la position des isolants solides (1.5).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir sous vide est constitué d'un bac de transformateur (1) recevant la partie active (1.1) et d'un boîtier d'évaporateur (4), lequel sur un orifice de boîtier (1.2) est rapporté sur le bac de transformateur (1) et lequel reçoit l'évaporateur de solvant, ainsi qu'un dispositif de séparation, destiné à extraire du solvant non évaporé et de l'huile isolante, présente le cas échéant entre l'orifice de sortie (3.8) et l'orifice (1.2) du bac de transformateur (1) et à éliminer hors du boîtier à vide le solvant extrait et l'huile isolante, présente le cas échéant.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier d'évaporateur (4) contient deux chambres séparées l'une de l'autre par une paroi de séparation (4.6) dont une première reçoit le générateur de vapeurs de solvant et un tube d'alimentation (4.10) guidant des vapeurs mixtes issues du bac de transformateur (1) et la seconde chambre reçoit une sortie débouchant dans le bac de transformateur (1) pour guider un flux de vapeurs (3.11), qui après l'élimination du solvant extrait et de l'huile isolante présente le cas échéant, contient prioritairement des vapeurs saturées de solvant et des vapeurs mixtes.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de séparation comporte au moins une tôle de circulation flux (4.5), pour guider le jet de vapeur (3.11) pouvant être guidé de la première dans la deuxième chambre,' au moins une tôle d'écoulement (4.7) destinée à collecter le solvant non évaporé extrait et l'huile isolante, présente le cas échéant et par ailleurs, au moins un tube de vidage (4.8) destiné à collecter et à éliminer hors du boîtier à vide le solvant extrait et l'huile isolante, présente le cas échéant.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir à vide (1) reçoit un conduit de vidage (7) guidé sur son point le plus bas, qui par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice du réservoir à vide, conçu de préférence sous la forme d'une tubulure de vidage (1.4) est relié avec un réservoir de vidage (10) évacuable.
EP14075076.1A 2014-12-03 2014-12-03 Procédé et dispositif de séchage de l'isolation de matière solide de la pièce active d'un appareil électrique selon le procédé de phase gazeuse Active EP3029403B1 (fr)

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EP14075076.1A EP3029403B1 (fr) 2014-12-03 2014-12-03 Procédé et dispositif de séchage de l'isolation de matière solide de la pièce active d'un appareil électrique selon le procédé de phase gazeuse

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DE50115174D1 (de) 2000-09-05 2009-11-26 Hedrich Vakuumanlagen Wilhelm Vorrichtung zur aufbereitung von transformatoren
EP1253389B1 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2005-11-16 ABB Schweiz AG Procédé de séchage d'une pièce active, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
EP1528342B1 (fr) 2003-10-31 2006-08-30 Paul Gmeiner Procédé pour séchage de matériau et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé
EP2148157B1 (fr) * 2008-07-25 2013-02-27 Paul Gmeiner Dispositif de chauffage et de séchage d'une marchandise selon le procédé de phase vapeur

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