EP3028981B1 - Crane and lattice mast section for a lattice mast of a crane of this type - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crane and a lattice mast piece for a lattice mast for such a crane.

From the US 3,407,559 A , of the NL 1 035 078 C1 , of the JP 2007 223 699 A and the EP 0 609 998 A1 lattice boom cranes have long been known. For static reasons, it is advantageous to make a cross section of a lattice mast perpendicular to its longitudinal extension as large as possible. In particular, a lattice mast with a large lattice mast width of, for example, 4 m enables improved use of material, ie a low ratio of intrinsic mass of the lattice mast to its load capacity. Such a lattice mast with a lattice mast width of for example 4 m can be transported only consuming. In particular, transport widths of more than 4 m and transport heights of more than 3 m are no longer or at least not readily transportable on the common traffic routes such as roads, along rail transport and / or on shipping lanes. If a transport vehicle exceeds at least one of the above transport dimensions, this transport must be declared and accompanied as a special transport due to the traffic regulations in Germany, for example, because of excess width. As a result, effort and costs for transport increase considerably. The short-term mobility of transport is limited. In particular, the disposition of such a lattice tower is severely limited. These restrictions apply beyond Germany in many other countries. To facilitate the transport of a lattice mast, a width of 2.50 m and a height of 3.00 m should not be exceeded. This transport width and transport height allow transport of the lattice tower on conventional trucks. It is possible to transport such a lattice mast to an almost arbitrary destination in Germany.

The DE 20 2011 002 589 U1 discloses a truss member in which belt members are interconnected by means of a strut.

From the DE 10 2006 060 347 B4 is a lattice piece for a mobile large crane as well as a method for its erection known. The lattice piece has four corner handles, which are connected to each other by means of zero bars and diagonal bars. The lattice piece can be split in two and transported in this disassembled form. In order to ensure an adjustment between a working arrangement and a transport arrangement of the lattice piece, it is necessary to pivotally arrange the connecting zero rods and / or diagonal bars on corner posts. Such an arrangement is complicated and reduces the carrying capacity of the lattice piece.

From the EP 1 802 823 A1 is an expandable lattice structure known.

From the DE 20 2006 014 789 U1 is a lattice structure with articulated interconnected bars known. The lattice structure has longitudinally extending bars. The lattice structure can be folded in or out to reduce or increase a cross-sectional area of the lattice structure. Such a lattice structure is complicated and cumbersome to handle.

It is an object of the present invention to design a lattice mast piece for a lattice mast in such a way that, on the one hand, it has a high load-bearing capacity and, on the other hand, is easy to transport, in particular the transfer of a transport arrangement into a work arrangement is possible in a straightforward manner.

This object is achieved by a multi-part lattice mast piece with the features specified in claim 1.

According to the invention it has been recognized that a lattice mast piece is designed in several parts and has at least two lattice mast assemblies detachably connectable to one another. In a working arrangement, that is, when the lattice mast assemblies are connected to each other to the lattice mast piece, the lattice mast piece has a longitudinal axis and a lattice mast cross-sectional area oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The lattice mast cross-sectional area has a lattice mast width that is in particular up to 4.0 m or more. Furthermore, the lattice mast cross-sectional area has a lattice mast height which is in particular up to 3.0 m or more. In particular, the mesh height is 4.0 m or more. In particular, the lattice mast cross-sectional area is rectangular, in particular square. The multi-part lattice mast piece has a high load capacity in the working arrangement. The lattice mast assemblies can be separated from each other at least in a parting plane, which is oriented in particular parallel to the longitudinal axis. Each of the lattice mast assemblies each has a lattice tower assembly width that is less than the lattice mast width. Additionally or alternatively, each lattice mast assembly has a lattice mast subassembly height that is less than the lattice mast height. This makes it possible to arrange the individual lattice mast assemblies in the transport arrangement of the lattice boom piece to save space, for example on a transport vehicle. In particular, a road transport is simplified. It is therefore essential that the lattice mast piece according to the invention has a lattice mast cross-sectional area in the working arrangement in such a way that the lattice mast allows a sufficient carrying capacity. Characterized in that the lattice mast piece is divisible in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, that are divided into several lattice mast assemblies can, the lattice mast assemblies each have a reduced compared to the lattice boom section. The individual lattice mast assemblies or multiple lattice mast assemblies together can be advantageously transported. The lattice mast piece has a straightforward structure and, moreover, is designed to be stable in a working arrangement. Characterized in that the connecting rods are firmly connected in a working arrangement with the belt elements, the lattice boom piece has an increased load capacity. In particular, it is possible to dispense with pivotal connections, which can generally affect the stability and the load-bearing capacity of such a lattice mast piece. In particular, such a lattice mast piece comprises a large number of identical parts. In particular, it is conceivable to design belt elements extending along the longitudinal axis, which are embodied, for example, as tubes, identically. It is also possible, connecting rods which connect each two adjacent belt elements together, identical perform. Due to the increased number of identical parts, the storage costs and in particular the acquisition costs for such a lattice mast piece are reduced. In addition, the flexibility in designing a lattice mast piece is increased. An alignment process for the lattice mast piece can be simplified by using modular identical parts. In particular, the logistics before, during and after the setup process is simplified. A crane operator can achieve, for example, by means of modular basic elements, a lattice mast and / or a lattice boom of different width and / or height of a lattice mast cross section, for example by replicating an identical basic pattern of the lattice mast cross section. Such an investment in modular basic elements offers the crane operator added value for the upgradable crane.

The lattice mast piece is modular and allows great freedom in the design of the lattice mast piece. The lattice mast piece comprises individually connectable belt elements, in each case two adjacent belt elements interconnecting connecting rods such as diagonal bars or zero bars and / or frontally attachable to the belt elements headers.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 2 is easily transportable in traffic.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 3 allows a simplified transport, for example, by rail and / or on shipping lanes.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 4 has a particularly uncomplicated structure. As connecting rods, for example, perpendicular to the belt elements arranged connecting rods, so-called zero bars, can be used. The connecting rods may also be arranged in a plane spanned by two adjacent belt elements transversely to said belt member. Such connecting rods are also referred to as diagonal bars.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 5 allows reduced storage costs for the lattice mast assemblies. In particular, an assembly of identical lattice mast assemblies is simplified to a lattice mast piece.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 6 has lattice mast assemblies, which are in particular symmetrical, in particular double-symmetrical are. The assembly of the lattice mast assemblies to the lattice mast piece is simplified. The lattice mast assemblies are pre-assembled and in particular allow a quick conversion of the transport arrangement of the lattice mast assemblies in the working arrangement of the lattice mast piece.

A lattice mast piece, in which at least one lattice mast assembly is an upper chord or a lower chord, wherein the at least one lattice mast assembly comprises two belt elements and a plurality, the two belt elements fixed, in particular insoluble, interconnecting connecting rods, in particular diagonal bars and / or zero bars, allows a time-saving pre-assembly at least a lattice mast assembly such as a top chord or a bottom chord. The upper flange or the lower flange each comprise two grid elements, which are connected by a plurality of connecting rods firmly together. In particular, the connecting rods are each insoluble with the grid elements and in particular connected by welding. Such a preassembled upper flange or lower flange is substantially flat and can be transported in a simplified manner.

A lattice mast piece according to claim 8 allows a quick and easy connection of the lattice mast assemblies together. For example, it is possible to bolt or bolt the lattice mast assemblies together. It is also possible to provide a so-called twist-lock connection for connecting the lattice mast assemblies. Such compounds are known for example from the shipping sector for handling containers. A twistlock connection allows a fast and secure, because positive connection by an opening is placed on a running about a rotation axis locking element. By rotation of the locking element, the opening is engaged behind and thereby enables the positive connection.

Alternatively to the twistlock connection, a bayonet closure can also be provided.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a crane with a lattice mast so that a sufficient load capacity of the crane is met in a working arrangement and at the same time a transport of the crane is easily possible.

This object is achieved by a crane with the features specified in claim 11.

According to the invention it has been recognized that at least one lattice mast piece can be used for a lattice mast. In particular, a plurality of grid mast pieces arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis can be arranged and, in particular, connected to one another at head pieces. A lattice mast can have up to five or more lattice mast pieces. Such a lattice mast serves, for example, as a lattice boom and / or as a lattice tower for a crane. The crane may comprise a lattice boom and / or a lattice tower, each comprising at least one lattice boom according to the invention.

The resulting advantages for the lattice mast and the crane essentially correspond to the advantages of the lattice mast, to which reference is hereby made.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Krans mit einem Gittermastturm und einem Gittermastausleger mit mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Gittermaststücken,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht eines Raupenkrans mit Gittermastausleger mit mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Gittermaststücken,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines nicht erfindungsgemäßen Gittermaststücks,

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Detail IV in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht eines Gittermaststücks gemäß einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 6a

eine Vorderansicht des Gittermaststücks gemäß Pfeil VI a in Fig. 5,

Fig. 6b

eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Detail VI b in Fig. 6a,

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht gemäß Linie VII-VII in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7a

eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Detail VII a in Fig. 7,

Fig. 7b

eine schematische Detailansicht einer an einem Gurtelement befestigten Verbindungslasche gemäß Fig. 5,

Fig. 8

eine Seitenansicht von zu Transporteinheiten zusammengefassten Gittermastbaugruppen des Gittermaststücks in Fig. 5 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 9a, 9b

eine Vorderansicht der Transporteinheiten gemäß Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

eine Fig. 8 entsprechende Seitenansicht der Gittermastbaugruppen des Gittermaststücks, die zu einer einzigen Transporteinheit zusammengefasst sind,

Fig. 11

eine Fig. 10 entsprechende Vorderansicht der Transporteinheit,

Fig. 12

eine Draufsicht der Transporteinheit in Fig. 10,

Fig. 13

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gittermaststücks gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 14

eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung eines Baukastenelements als Gittermastbaugruppe für ein Gittermaststück in Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

eine schematische Perspektivdarstellung von zwei entlang einer Längsachse hintereinander angeordneten Gittermaststücken gemäß einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 16

eine schematische Perspektivdarstellung eines Gittermaststücks gemäß einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 17a

eine Frontansicht eines Gelenktragwerks für ein Gittermaststück gemäß Fig. 16 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 17b

eine Fig. 17a entsprechende Frontansicht eines Gittermaststücks mit vier schwenkbaren Gelenkstäben und

Fig. 18

eine Fig. 16 ähnliche Darstellung eines Gittermaststücks einer weiteren nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Arbeitsanordnung.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a crane with a lattice tower and a lattice boom with several lattice mast pieces according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a side view of a crawler crane with lattice boom with several lattice boom pieces according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a perspective view of a non-inventive lattice mast piece,

Fig. 4

an enlarged view of detail IV in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5

FIG. 2 shows a side view of a lattice mast piece according to a further noninventive embodiment in a working arrangement, FIG.

Fig. 6a

a front view of the lattice mast piece according to arrow VI a in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 6b

an enlarged view of detail VI b in Fig. 6a .

Fig. 7

a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 7a

an enlarged view of detail VII a in Fig. 7 .

Fig. 7b

a schematic detail view of a fastened to a belt member connecting strap according to Fig. 5 .

Fig. 8

a side view of combined to transport units lattice mast assemblies of the lattice mast piece in Fig. 5 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 9a, 9b

a front view of the transport units according to Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10

a Fig. 8 corresponding side view of the lattice mast assemblies of the lattice mast piece, which are combined to form a single transport unit,

Fig. 11

a Fig. 10 corresponding front view of the transport unit,

Fig. 12

a plan view of the transport unit in Fig. 10 .

Fig. 13

a schematic representation of a lattice mast piece according to an embodiment of the invention in a working arrangement,

Fig. 14

an enlarged detail of a modular element as a lattice tower assembly for a lattice mast piece in Fig. 13 .

Fig. 15

2 is a schematic perspective view of two lattice mast pieces arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis according to a further noninventive embodiment in a working arrangement,

Fig. 16

1 is a schematic perspective view of a lattice mast piece according to another non-inventive embodiment in a working arrangement,

Fig. 17a

a front view of a joint structure for a lattice mast piece according to Fig. 16 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 17b

a Fig. 17a corresponding front view of a lattice mast piece with four pivoting hinge bars and

Fig. 18

a Fig. 16 similar representation of a lattice mast piece of another non-inventive embodiment in a working arrangement.

An in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated lattice boom crane 1 has a substantially vertical lattice tower 2 and an associated, substantially horizontal lattice boom 3. In an upper region of the lattice tower 2, so adjacent to the lattice boom 3, a rotary joint 4 is provided on the lattice tower 2, which allows rotation about a tower longitudinal axis 5 of the upper part of the lattice tower 2 relative to the lower part. Such a lattice boom crane 1 is also referred to as a tower crane.

The lattice tower 2 may be supported by means not shown supporting elements on a floor. It is also possible that the lattice mast tower 2 is arranged on an undercarriage with a chassis, in particular with a tire chassis.

As shown in Fig. 1 the lattice boom 3 extends from the lattice tower 2 to the right. On an opposite side of the lattice tower 2, a boom counterpart 6 is provided with a counterweight 7.

On an underside of the lattice boom 3, a known trolley 8 with ropes 9 and an attached hook bottle 10 is provided.

The lattice mast tower 2 comprises a plurality of tower lattice mast pieces 11. The lattice mast boom 3 comprises a plurality of boom lattice mast pieces 12. The lattice mast pieces 11, 12 are constructed substantially identical, but may differ, for example, in terms of their dimensions. For improved static properties of the lattice boom crane 1, it is advantageous if the lattice mast pieces 11, 12 have the largest possible cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the tower longitudinal axis 5 or to a boom longitudinal axis 13.

The tower lattice mast pieces 11 are arranged along the tower longitudinal axis 5 to each other. The boom lattice mast pieces 12 are arranged one behind the other along the boom longitudinal axis 13. It is also possible to more or less than those in Fig. 1 illustrated lattice boom pieces 11, 12 for a lattice tower 2 or a lattice boom 3 to use. In particular, thereby a required height of the lattice tower 2 and / or a length of the lattice boom 3 can be achieved. In particular, it is possible to adjust the height of the lattice boom crane 1 and the length of the lattice boom 3 individually and flexibly as required.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a lattice boom crane 1. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The crane 1 is designed as a crawler crane with two caterpillars 53 arranged in parallel on an undercarriage 52. The upper carriage 54 is arranged about a vertical axis of rotation 62 rotatably on the undercarriage 52, on which a driving cab 55 and a lattice boom 3 pivotable about a horizontal axis 56 are provided , At one of the horizontal axis 56 opposite end of the main boom 3, this is also pivotally connected to an auxiliary boom 57. At the top of the jib 57, a bottle 58 is provided with a hook for lifting, holding and shifting loads. The main boom 3 and the auxiliary boom 57 are tensioned by a tensioning system comprising a plurality of tensioning cables 59 and supports 60.

At a substantially horizontally extending cross member 61 of the upper carriage 54 is spaced from the axis of rotation 62, a counterweight assembly 63 is provided. The counterweight arrangement 63 comprises a plurality of counterweights 64 placed on top of one another, wherein the counterweight arrangement 63 can have two stacks of individual counterweights 64 arranged laterally on the cross member 61.

The lattice boom 3 and / or auxiliary boom 57 may include a plurality of boom lattice mast pieces 12.

The following is based on the Fig. 3 a lattice boom piece according to a first embodiment explained in more detail. The lattice mast piece 11 has a longitudinal axis 14, four belt members 15 extending along the longitudinal axis 14 and a plurality of connecting rods 16, each connecting two adjacent belt elements 15. The belt elements 15 are tubular and are also referred to as belt tubes. The belt tubes 15 each have head ends 17 on the front side. The head pieces 17 are screwed into the strap tubes 15, welded to the strap members 15 or bolted to ends of the strap tubes 15. The head pieces 17 allow a fast and secure connection of several lattice mast pieces 11 along the longitudinal axis 14 with each other.

The connecting rods 16 are each oriented perpendicular to the belt elements 15. The connecting rods 16 are also referred to as zero rods. The connecting rods 16 each extend perpendicularly with respect to a belt element longitudinal axis away from the belt elements 15.

The lattice mast piece 11 has two lattice mast assemblies 18, 19. The lattice boom assembly 18 includes two belt members 15, which are shown in FIG Fig. 2 are arranged one above the other in a vertical plane. The two belt elements 15 are connected to each other by four, respectively vertically oriented connecting rods 16. Of the two belt elements 15 each extend perpendicularly from the vertical plane as shown in FIG Fig. 2 to the left four connecting rods 20. The connecting rods 20 have compared to the connecting rods 16 a reduced length. The lattice boom assembly 18 has in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14th an open, substantially U-shaped frame structure with a vertical connecting rod 16 and two perpendicularly extending therefrom, respectively arranged at the ends of the connecting rod 16 connecting rods 20th

The lattice boom assembly 19 is designed substantially identical to the lattice boom assembly 18. The lattice boom assembly 19 comprises two arranged in a vertical plane belt members 15 which are interconnected by means of four respectively vertically arranged connecting rods 16. Respectively at the upper and the lower belt member 15, four connecting rods 20 extending vertically away from the vertical plane are provided.

The connecting bars 20 of the lattice mast assembly 18 and the lattice mast assembly 19 are oppositely directed, aligned. To connect the two lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 to the lattice mast piece 11, the lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 are arranged in mirror image to each other, so that the openings of each open, U-shaped frame structure facing each other. The connecting rods 20 of the lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 are executed by means of a connecting element in the form of two-piece connecting shells 21. The connecting shells 21 are connected by connecting bolts 22 to the respective connecting rods 20. The lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 are connected to each other or detachable from each other with respect to a vertically oriented parting plane. The parting plane is in particular parallel to the vertical planes spanned by belt elements 15 of the respective lattice mast subassembly 18, 19. In particular, the parting plane is arranged centrally between the two vertical planes. The parting plane represents a plane of symmetry of the lattice mast piece 11.

The connecting rods 20 are respectively inserted into the connecting shells 21 and connected there by means of the connecting screws 22 with the connecting shells 21. The connecting shells 21 have a horizontal parting plane. The connecting shells 21 are set up quickly and easily on the connecting rods 20 and connect to them. Instead of the connecting shells 21, a connecting element can also be designed in the form of a sleeve, that is, as undivided sleeve. In this case, the sleeve may have an internal thread such that the sleeve can be screwed onto the connecting rods 20. Such a sleeve is also referred to as a screw sleeve. It is also possible to use the screw sleeve as a locknut. It is for example possible that the connecting rods 20 have external threads with corresponding to the internal thread of the lock nut opposite thread pitches. A rotational movement of the lock nut causes an axial displacement of the connecting rods 20 to be connected with respect to the lock nut along a longitudinal axis. Depending on the direction of rotation, both connecting rods 20 are simultaneously displaced towards or away from one another along the longitudinal axis. A tightening of the lock nut thus causes an axial distortion of the connecting rods 20 along the respective longitudinal axis. Such a bias voltage can produce an advantageous initial bias state, which is advantageous for a later load situation and can lead to increased load carrying capacity of the lattice boom. It is also possible that the connecting shells 21 are pivotally connected to each other by means of a hinge. The connecting shells 21 are then designed in the form of clamps. It is also conceivable that the connecting element is integrated on the connecting rods 20 of a lattice mast assembly. It is further conceivable that the connecting rods 20 of the first lattice mast assembly tubular with an inner diameter are designed such that the connecting rods 20 of the second lattice tower assembly can be plugged directly. The connecting bars 20 of the second lattice mast assembly correspond with an outer diameter to an inner diameter of the connecting bars 20 of the first lattice mast assembly. In order to simplify assembly and, in particular, disassembly of the two lattice mast assemblies with one another, the connecting rods 20, in particular the second lattice mast assembly, which are inserted into each other, can be conical at least in sections. Such compounds are also referred to as tapered joints.

According to the in Fig. 3 In the embodiment shown, the lattice mast piece has a rectangular lattice mast cross-sectional area oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14. The lattice mast cross-sectional area has a lattice mast width B _G , which is more preferably 4.0 m or more. Furthermore, the lattice mast cross-sectional area has a mesh height H _G of at least 3.0 m or more. The lattice mast piece 11 has a high load capacity. Because the lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 have a vertical separation plane, the lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 each have a lattice mast assembly width B _GB that is less than the lattice mast width B _G. In the height direction, ie along the connecting rods 16, the lattice mast assemblies 18, 19 are not separated. That is, a lattice mast subassembly height H _GB is identical to the lattice mast height H _G. The lattice boom assembly width B _GB and the lattice boom assembly height H _GB have at most the maximum allowable dimensions required for transport on a public road, especially in Germany. In particular, the lattice tower module width B _{GB is} at most 4.0 m. In particular, the lattice mast _subassembly width H _GB is at most 4.0 m.

Fig. 5 to 9b show another embodiment of a lattice mast piece 23. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 4 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The lattice mast piece 23 has four lattice mast assemblies 24, 25, 26, 27, each representing substantially a quarter of the lattice mast cross-sectional area. The lattice mast piece 23 has a lattice mast length L _G along the longitudinal axis 14 of, for example, 12 m. The lattice mast length L _G substantially corresponds to six times the length L _{GE of} a lattice tower unit. The length L _{GE of} the lattice tower unit is also referred to as a compartment. The length L _{GE of} a lattice tower unit along the longitudinal axis 14 results from a, in particular multiple, distance between two adjacent connecting straps 31, which will be explained in more detail below. Furthermore, the lattice mast length L _G comprises a double hole spacing of the head pieces 17. The hole spacing of the head pieces 17 corresponds to a distance along the longitudinal axis 14 from the end face of the belt element 15 to a hole center of the head piece 17. The mesh height H _G is 2.45 m. The lattice mast width B _G is 2.77 m. The lattice mast piece 23 according to the embodiment shown has two parting planes, a horizontal parting plane 28 and a vertical parting plane 29, which intersect in the longitudinal axis 14. Each of the four lattice mast assemblies 24, 25, 26, 27 has a belt element 15, two connecting rods 16 each arranged on the front side as zero rods and a plurality of diagonally arranged connecting rods 30, so-called diagonal rods. The lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27 are in the in the Fig. 5 to 7a shown work arrangement in which the lattice boom piece 23 can be used in a lattice tower or a lattice boom, respectively in the region of the ends of the diagonal bars 30 by connecting elements in the form of connecting straps 31 connected to each other.

A connection tab 31 is in Fig. 7b shown schematically. Fig. 7b shows a sectional view in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14. The tubular belt member 15 has a particular welded connection piece 65. The connecting piece 65 extends perpendicularly away from the belt element 15. The connecting piece 65 is, for example, a zero rod 16. At the connecting piece 65, in particular at the front side, the connecting strap 31 is fastened. In particular, the connecting tab 31 is welded to the connecting piece 65. The connecting lug 31 is designed in three sections, that is, the connecting lug 31 has three tab webs 66 each arranged perpendicular to the belt element 15. The tab webs 66 each have aligned through holes, which are arranged concentrically to a connecting axis 67. This means that the connecting plate 31 is arranged with the connecting axis 67 with respect to the longitudinal orientation of the belt member 15 rotated by 90 ° in space. Characterized in that the connecting plate 31 is designed in three sections, a pivotal connection of the connecting plate 31 with a corresponding counterpart with higher connection strength is possible. Such a connection is stable and in particular enables a safe and safe transport of a transport unit. The connecting straps 31 each have a through-hole. In the working arrangement of the lattice mast piece 23, the lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27 are arranged such that in each case the connecting tabs 31 of two adjacent lattice mast assemblies 24, 25 and 24, 26 and 26, 27 and 25, 27 overlap such that the through-holes of the connection tabs 31 are aligned. The aligned through holes allow insertion of a connecting element for example in the form of a connecting bolt or a connecting screw. A connecting longitudinal axis of the connecting element is arranged parallel to the connecting axis 67 and in particular oriented horizontally, ie parallel to the belt planes spanned by the belt elements 15. In particular, the connecting longitudinal axes of the connecting elements are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14 of the lattice mast piece 23.

The lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 and 25, 26 can be combined in pairs to a transport unit 32 and 33, so a total of two transport units 32 and 33 summarized. The transport unit 32 comprises the lattice mast assemblies 24 and 27, which according to Fig. 6a Diagonal bars 30 have such that they are oriented from bottom left to top right. In the transport arrangement of the transport unit 32, the diagonal bars 30 of the lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 are arranged parallel and adjacent to one another. In the transport arrangement, the transport unit has a transport length L _T , which is identical to the lattice mast length L _G. The connecting bars 16 of the lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 essentially form a rectangle. The lattice tower assemblies 24, 27 each have a lattice tower assembly width B _GB and a lattice tower assembly height H _GB . In particular, both the lattice boom assembly width B _GB and the lattice tower assembly height H _{GB are} smaller than the lattice mast width B _G and the lattice mast height H _G. The lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 are connected by means of the connecting straps 31 to the transport unit 32. This means that the connecting straps 31 allow both a connectivity of the lattice mast assemblies to a lattice boom piece 23 to be achieved therefrom on the one hand and to transport units 32, 33 arranged therefrom on the other hand. In particular, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of differently designed and differently acting connecting elements to the working arrangement and the transport arrangement of the lattice mast piece 23rd to realize. The particularly advantageous use of the connection tab 31 results from the Fig. 6a . 9a . 9b and 11 , It follows that the three-section connecting plate 31 next to one of the outer tab webs 66, ie along the connecting axis 67, a connecting piece 68 having a receiving bore 69. In the Fig. 6a, 6b shown working arrangement, the connecting pieces 68 of two adjacent lattice mast assemblies 24, 26 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the plane one behind the other. The connecting pieces 68 of the lattice mast assemblies 24, 26 are arranged such that the receiving bores 69 are aligned with each other. It is possible in this aligned arrangement of the mounting holes 69 to connect them together by a connecting element such as a bolt, in particular a stiffening bolt, or a stiffening screw. At the same time, the aligned receiving bores 69 serve for connection to a torque-stable pendulum support 70, which serves for further stiffening of the lattice boom piece 23.

As in particular from the representations in Fig. 9a, 9b and 11 , So in a transport arrangement of the lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27, shows, the lattice mast assemblies can be arranged such that the receiving holes 69 are aligned in a transport arrangement. In this arrangement, the lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 and 25, 26 can be connected together to form a transport unit.

The transport unit 32 formed by the two lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 has a transport unit width B _TE of, for example, 1.72 m and a transport unit height H _TE of, for example, 1.68 m. The transport unit width B _TE is smaller than the lattice mast width B _G. The transport unit height H _TE is smaller than the grating mast height H _G.

The transport unit 33 comprises the lattice mast assemblies 25, 26, which, as shown in FIG Fig. 6 are oriented with the diagonal bars 30 from bottom right to top left. According to the transport unit 32, in the transport unit 33, the lattice mast assemblies 25, 26 are each connected by means of the connecting straps 31. The transport unit 33 has an identical transport unit width B _TE of 1.72 m and a transport unit height H _TE of 1.68 m.

In the 10 to 12 an alternative arrangement of the lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27 is shown in a transport arrangement. The lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 and 25, 26 are offset along the longitudinal axis 14 in pairs each half the length L _GE a lattice tower unit stored in each other. Such a staggered arrangement is also referred to as nesting or as a compartmented against each other entangled arrangement. It is possible to flexibly form such a lattice mast piece by one or more rod elements 39. For example, the dimensions, ie lattice mast width and / or grid mast height can be adjusted specifically. It is also possible to selectively change the cross section of the lattice mast element and, for example, to adapt to a load to be maintained, in particular to a loading direction, in order to allow higher payloads. For example, it is conceivable to connect two juxtaposed lattice mast pieces directly to one another in order to allow an enlarged horizontal cross section. In particular, it is also conceivable to execute the connecting blocks 40 not as a connecting block, but as a connecting prism, which has a cross section which is different from a square in a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the belt element 15. It could be, for example, a triangular shape, a hexagon shape, or another shape.

The offset along the longitudinal axis 14 into one another arranged storage of the lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27 in the transport arrangement is particularly from the in Fig. 12 shown top view. The four lattice mast assemblies 24 to 27 are combined in a single transport unit 34, which in Fig. 11 is shown in a front view. In Fig. 10 are in the region of the left end of the lattice boom piece 23 rear headers 17 of in Fig. 12 shown above lattice boom assemblies. It is in Fig. 10 ie around hidden edges, which are shown in solid lines for better understanding. The head pieces 17, which are concealed, are opposite to the head pieces 17, not shown in the plane of the drawing, of FIG Fig. 12 arranged below lattice mast assemblies in Fig. 10 to the right by half the length L _{GE of} the lattice tower unit shown offset. Accordingly, the connection tabs 31 in Fig. 11 , which are shown at the substantially rectangular cross-section of the four lattice tower assemblies 24 to 27 top right and bottom left, hidden edges. This means that the illustrated three-section tab connections are not in the representation of the plane Fig. 11 arranged and marked exclusively for reasons of illustration in solid lines. The transport unit 34 has a transport unit height H _TE of in particular 1.45 m and a transport unit width B _TE of in particular 1.88 m. The offset in the direction of the longitudinal axis 14 arrangement of the lattice mast assemblies 24, 27 and 25, 26 results in particular from the illustration in Fig. 10 ,

Fig. 13 and 14 show another embodiment of a lattice mast 35. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 12 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The main difference of the lattice mast piece 35 compared to the previous embodiments is that the lattice mast piece 35 is designed in a modular manner in all elements. That is, the producible lattice mast 35 has a plurality of lattice mast assemblies previously individually produced, for example, and a single tube, such as a belt member 15, a zero bar 16 and a diagonal bar 30, and / or the headers 17 each may constitute a lattice mast assembly. Such a lattice boom assembly allows the representation of a variable in its dimensions truss, in particular an open rod truss structure. But it is also possible that a plurality of rods and / or tubes are assembled to form lattice mast assemblies pre-assembled. According to the embodiment shown, the upper flange 36 and the lower flange 37 are each designed as a lattice mast assembly. The upper flange 36 comprises two belt elements 15 arranged in a horizontal plane. Each belt element 15 has a respective head piece 17 at a front end. The two belt elements 15 are connected to each other in the horizontal plane in the region of the head pieces 17 by a zero rod 16. Between the zero bars 16 a plurality of diagonal bars 30 are arranged in each case.

The lower flange 37 is analogous to the upper flange 36, in particular identical thereto executed. For the connection of the upper belt 36 to the lower belt 37, two zero bars 16 and four interposed diagonal bars 30 are arranged in two parallel vertical planes. The arranged in the vertical planes rods 16, 30 are each hinged to fastening tabs 38 of the belt members 15. The articulation on the fastening tabs 38 takes place in particular by bolts or by Screws. The fastening tabs 38 are welded to the belt elements 15.

The upper belt 36 and the lower belt 37 forming rods, in particular the belt members 15, the zero rods 16 and the diagonal bars 30 are fixed to the formation of the upper belt 36 and the lower belt 37 and in particular unsolvable. For example, the bars are individually welded together. Characterized in that the straps 36, 37 according to the in Fig. 13 shown embodiment, are not divisible in itself, corresponds to the lattice boom assembly width B _{GB of} the lattice boom width B _G. The lattice mast subassembly height H _GB is significantly reduced with respect to the lattice mast height H _G and is in particular at most 10% of the lattice mast height H _G. In particular, it is possible to transport several lattice mast assemblies in the form of a top flange 36 and / or a bottom flange 37 stacked on each other without exceeding a maximum allowable transport height.

It is also possible to be in Fig. 13 illustrated modular structure of the lattice boom piece 35 with an integral rod member 39 according to Fig. 14 display. The bar element 39 comprises a central belt element 15 and two end blocks 40 arranged at the end. The connecting cubes 40 allow a connection of further bars to the bar element 39 and / or the insertion of a top piece 17 into a recess of the cuboid block 40 provided for this purpose Connecting other rods in the three directions indicated by the arrows 51 spatial directions. It is conceivable, for example, rotatably arrange the connecting block 40 relative to the belt member 15 along its longitudinal axis, so that in particular a connection with a diagonal bar is facilitated. Instead of connecting cuboid 40 may be provided as an alternative connection elements, a bayonet lock or a twistlock connection, which allows an uncomplicated and especially fast executable connection of the rod member 39 with other rods to form a structure for a desired lattice boom piece modular.

Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of a lattice mast piece 41 in a schematic representation. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to Fig. 1 to 14 have already been explained, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The lattice mast piece 41 comprises four belt elements 15 extending along the longitudinal axis 14, which are arranged at the corners of a rectangular lattice mast cross section. According to Fig. 15 along the longitudinal axis 14 two lattice mast pieces 41 are arranged one behind the other. The four belt elements 15 are hinged together by a joint structure 42. This in Fig. 15 The joint support structure 42 shown schematically comprises a joint element 43 arranged centrally on the longitudinal axis 14. Furthermore, the joint element 43 comprises four telescopic elements 44, in particular telescopic cylinders, which extend away from the joint element 43 substantially radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 14 in the cross-sectional surface plane. The telescopic elements 44 are in Fig. 13 indicated by arrows. The arrows symbolize that each of the telescopic elements 44, starting from the joint element 43, is adjustable in length and variable in force in the respective illustrated direction. It is also possible, for example, that a telescopic element 44 is a spindle drive or designed in the manner of a clamping nut. By operating the telescopic elements 44, these can be extended starting from the central joint element 43 be and span a rectangle, at the corners of the belt elements 15 are arranged. The belt elements 15 can be connected to the telescopic elements 14.

For a transport arrangement of the in Fig. 15 shown lattice mast piece 41, the belt members 15 are separated from the telescopic elements 44. The individual belt elements 15 can be transported substantially flat and space-saving together with the separate joint structures 42. Flat in this context means that length and width dimension of the joint support surface 42 are each significantly larger than a height dimension in a direction perpendicular to a plane spanned by the latitude and longitude plane. The joint structures 42 are surface elements. In particular, a ratio of length to height or width to height of the joint structure 42 is at least 5, in particular at least 10 and in particular at least 20. It is also possible to perform the joint structure 42 divisible in itself, for example, it is conceivable that the individual telescopic elements 44 are releasably connected to the hinge element 43. This makes it possible to transport the individual lattice mast assemblies, so the belt elements 15, the telescopic elements 44 and the hinge member 43 space-saving. The lattice mast assemblies are essentially rod-shaped or as a modular element according to Fig. 14 executed and each have a lattice mast subassembly width and lattice mast subassembly height are smaller than the lattice mast width B _G and the lattice mast height H _G.

It is possible to connect the belt elements 15 of the lattice mast piece 41 with one another by additional diagonal bars (not shown) and / or zero bars, for example analogously to the lattice mast piece 35. It is possible that joint element 43 and / or the telescopic elements 44 after adjustment a required lattice mast cross section by zero bars 16 and / or diagonal bars 30 to replace. This means that, for example, only four belt elements 15, two joint elements 43 and eight telescopic elements 44 are required for the construction of a lattice mast piece 41. As soon as a required lattice mast cross-section is produced and the belt elements 15 are connected to one another and kept at a distance by means of the connecting rods 16, 30, the movable elements, ie the joint element 43 and the telescopic element 44, can be used to form new lattice mast cross-sections. The use of the zero bars 16 and / or diagonal bars 30 enables a cost-effective provision of the lattice mast piece.

Fig. 16a, 16b and 17 show further embodiments of a lattice boom 45. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 15 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

In contrast to the lattice mast piece 41, a joint structure 46 of the lattice mast piece 45 has a central joint element 43 and two or four articulated rods 47 articulated thereto. The hinge rods 47 are hinged to the hinge member 43 in such a way that they are in the in Fig. 14 and 15 drawing plane shown are rotatable about the hinge member 43. The joint element 43 is arranged in particular concentric to the longitudinal axis 14 of the lattice mast piece 45. The hinge structure 46 is arranged in the plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14. Fig. 17a shows the hinge structure 46 in a transport arrangement. Two joint rods 47 are folded in pairs, ie arranged adjacent to each other. An opening angle α between the two collapsed articulated rods 47 in the transport arrangement is for example at most 10 °, in particular at most 5 ° and in particular at most 3 °. An in Fig. 17b shown, similar hinge structure 26 includes four hinge rods 47 which are arranged in a transport arrangement. The hinge rods 47 are each freely rotatable about the hinge member 43 in the manner of a hinge. An opening angle a between two adjacent, freely rotatable joint rods 47 in the transport arrangement is for example at most 5 °, in particular at most 3 °. A total opening angle b between two outer joint rods 47, ie a transport opening angle, is approximately three times the opening angle a between the two inner joint bars 47. In particular, the total opening angle b is at most 15 ° and in particular at most 10 °. Compared to the embodiment in Fig. 17a the lattice tower subassembly height H _{GB is} increased. In contrast, the lattice boom assembly width B _{GB is} about halved. Opposite the joint structure 46 in Fig. 17a , which has substantially rectangular transport dimensions in that the lattice tower subassembly height H _{GB is} significantly smaller than the lattice tower subassembly width B _GB , is the hinge structure 46 according to FIG Fig. 17b executed in the transport arrangement substantially square. As a result, the lattice boom assembly width B _{GB can} additionally be varied. It is possible to use an available transport space as effectively as possible. The joint structure 46 according to Fig. 17b allows increased flexibility in the arrangement of the hinge element in the transport arrangement.

The hinge structure 46 represents a lattice tower assembly with a lattice mast assembly height H _BG and a lattice mast assembly width B _BG .

In Fig. 16 For example, the lattice boom 45 is shown in a work arrangement. The hinge structure 46 is opened, that is, the hinge rods 47 are pivoted about the longitudinal axis 14 such that the opening angle a between two adjacent joint rods 47 is increased. Depending on the design of the lattice mast piece 45, ie depending on the desired lattice mast width and / or lattice tower height, the angle a in the work arrangement can vary. According to the arrangement shown in FIG Fig. 16 the angle a is about 70 °. It is also possible that the angle a in the working arrangement is less than 70 ° or more than 70 °. At free, the hinge element 43 facing away from the hinge rods 47 are each connected to a belt member 15 which is oriented along the longitudinal axis 14, and two zero rods 16. It is possible that the joint rods 47 are permanently and in particular articulated connected to the respective belt element 15, so that the belt elements 15 remain fixed in the transport arrangement to the joint structure 46 as a whole. In this case, the belt members 15 are part of the lattice tower assembly of this embodiment.

The transfer of the lattice mast piece 45 and the joint structure 46 of the transport arrangement in Fig. 17 in the working arrangement in Fig. 16 can be done manually, for example. It is also possible that aids such as telescopic cylinders or other linearly adjustable units or cranes or set-up aids are used. In order to avoid that the joint structure 46 is displaced automatically back into the transport arrangement, for example as a result of gravity, each of the vertically oriented zero rods 16 are inserted between the arranged on the upper flange belt elements 15 and arranged on the lower belt elements 15. It is additionally possible to arrange diagonal bars (not shown) between the belt elements 15. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to provide a locking on the hinge element 43 such that the hinge structure 46 in the in Fig. 16 locked work arrangement is locked. As a result, the rigidity of the joint structure 46 is additionally increased. Such a lock is for example by a Verbolzung possible. To stiffen the joint structure 46, a vertically oriented rod element may be provided which is arranged between one of the zero rods 16 and the joint element 43. In particular, the rod element 50 is oriented vertically. As a result, the lattice mast piece 45 has an increased rigidity and is able to absorb larger transverse forces. It can also be provided 50 several rod elements.

In the in Fig. 16 shown working arrangement, the lattice mast piece 45 has a lattice mast width B _G and a lattice mast height H _G. The lattice tower subassembly height H _GB is reduced with respect to the lattice tower height H _G and is in particular at most 20% of the lattice tower height H _G , in particular at most 10% of the lattice tower height H _G and in particular at most 7% of the lattice tower height H _G.

Fig. 18 shows another embodiment of a lattice boom 48. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 17 have already been explained, bear the same reference numbers and will not be explained again in detail.

The lattice mast piece 48 is similar to the lattice mast piece 45, wherein the hinge structure 49 of the lattice boom piece 48 has two hinge elements 43, which are connected to each other by means of a rod member 50 and thereby arranged at a defined distance from each other. The rod element 50 can be designed as a pendulum support. The pendulum support enables the absorption of compressive and tensile forces along its longitudinal axis. The use of the additional rod element 50 and a further joint element 43 results in increased freedom of design with regard to the execution of the joint structure 49 and thus for the lattice mast piece 48, in particular for the lattice mast cross-sectional area. In particular, the rod member 50 serves to lock the hinge structure 49. The lattice boom 48 has in a locked state increased rigidity and thereby additional stability. The lattice mast piece is suitable for absorbing increased lateral forces. The handling, in particular the transfer of a transport arrangement, not shown in the in Fig. 18 shown working arrangement of the lattice boom piece 48 is analogous to that in Fig. 16 and 17 described embodiment. It is possible that the hinge elements 43 are releasably connected to the rod member 50. In this case, the rod element 50 and the two joint elements 43 with the articulated rods 47 hingedly attached thereto each form a lattice mast assembly. It is also possible that the hinge structure 49 as a whole forms a lattice mast assembly.

According to the previous embodiment are also in the lattice boom 48 according to Fig. 18 the free ends of the joint rods 47 are each connected to a belt element 15 and two zero rods. The individual belt elements 15 are connected to each other by zero rods 16.

Claims (11)

1. Multi-piece lattice-mast section having

   a. a longitudinal axis (14),

   b. a plurality of chord members (15) extending in the direction defined by the longitudinal axis (14),

   c. a plurality of connecting struts (16, 20, 30) each connecting together two adjacent chord members (15),

   d. a lattice-mast cross-sectional area oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (14), having a lattice-mast width (B_G) and a lattice-mast height (H_G), and

   e. at least two lattice-mast sub-assemblies (15, 16, 30, 36, 37; 15, 16, 30, 42; 15, 16, 30, 46; 15, 16, 30, 48) which are connected together releasably,

   the lattice-mast sub-assemblies (15, 16, 30, 36, 37; 15, 16, 30, 42; 15, 16, 30, 46; 15, 16, 30, 48) each being of

   f. a width (B_GB) which is less than the lattice-mast width (B_G) and/or

   g. a height (H_GB) which is less than the lattice-mast height (H_G), and

   the connecting struts being solidly connected, in an operating position, to a chord member (15),
   the lattice-mast section (35; 41; 45; 48) being constructed in a modular form,
   characterised in that the lattice-mast sub-assemblies (15, 16, 30, 36, 37; 15, 16, 30, 42; 15, 16, 30, 46; 15, 16, 30, 48) are constructed in the form of chord members (15) able to be connected together individually, connecting struts each connecting together two adjacent chord members (15), and/or end-pieces (17) able to be mounted on the ends of the chord members (15).
2. Lattice-mast section according to claim 1, characterised in that the width (B_GB) and height (H_GB) of the lattice-mast sub-assemblies are of not more than the maximum dimensions permitted for transport on public roads.
3. Lattice-mast section according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the width (B_GB) of the lattice-mast sub-assemblies is not more than 4.0 m and the height (H_GB) of the lattice-mast sub-assemblies is not more than 4.0 m.
4. Lattice-mast section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by zero-force struts (16, 20) and/or diagonal struts (30), forming connecting struts.
5. Lattice-mast section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lattice-mast sub-assemblies (18, 19; 36, 37) are identical in construction.
6. Lattice-mast section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lattice-mast sub-assemblies (18, 19: 24, 25, 26, 27) each form a half or a quarter of the lattice-mast cross-sectional area and in particular in that the width (B_GB) of the lattice-mast sub-assemblies is not more than half and in particular not more than a quarter of the lattice-mast width (B_GB) and in particular in that the height (H_GB) of the lattice-mast sub-assemblies is not more than half and in particular not more than a quarter of the lattice-mast height (H_GB).
7. Lattice-mast section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one lattice-mast sub-assembly is a top chord (36) or a bottom chord (37), the at least one lattice-mast sub-assembly (36, 37) having two chord members (15) and a plurality of connecting struts, and in particular diagonal struts (30) and/or zero-force struts (16, 20), which connect the two chord members (15) solidly, and in particular non-releasably, together.
8. Lattice-mast section according to claim 7, characterised in that the lattice-mast sub-assemblies (15, 16, 30, 36, 37, 40; 15, 16, 30, 42; 15, 16, 30, 46; 15, 16, 30, 48) are connected together releasably and in particular by pins, bolts, a twist-lock joint or a bayonet joint.
9. Lattice-mast section according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by an integral bar member (39) which has a central chord member (15) and two cuboids for connection (40) arranged at its ends.
10. Lattice-mast section according to claim 9, characterised in that the cuboids (40) for connection have openings for connecting further bars or struts and/or an endpiece (17) to the bar member (39).
11. Crane comprising a lattice-mast tower (2) having a lattice mast having at least one lattice-mast section (11, 12; 23; 35; 41; 45; 48) according to one of the preceding claims and/or comprising a lattice-mast jib (3) having a lattice mast having at least one lattice-mast section (11, 12; 23; 35; 41; 45; 48) according to one of the preceding claims.

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