EP2976288B1 - Lattice-mast element, lattice-mast jib having at least one such lattice-mast element, and crane having at least one such lattice-mast jib - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lattice mast element, a lattice boom with at least one such lattice mast element and a crane with such a lattice boom.

Lattice boom cranes have long been known in the art. In order to enable ever larger payloads, a cross-sectional area of a lattice boom can be increased. An oversized cross section of a lattice boom, for example, with a width of more than 4 m and a height of more than 3 m causes problems in transporting the lattice boom.

The EP 2 253 575 A1 discloses a tensioning truss for a crane. By means of a hinged crossbar, a two-strand bracing for a lifting crane is spread.

From the EP 0 609 998 A1 a longitudinally divided lattice boom crane is known, which allows a separation of the lattice mast in a plane of symmetry such that the lattice mast can be transported with reduced height.

From the DE 10 2011 108 236 A1 discloses a lattice piece for a crane, in which four corner posts are connected to each other by means of a plurality of zero bars and diagonal bars, wherein diagonal bars so activatable in that the height of the lattice piece is variable between a working arrangement and a transport arrangement.

From the US 2012/0110946 A1 is known both along a width direction and along a height direction foldable lattice boom. Such a lattice boom has a very complex folding mechanism.

The US 2002/0053550 A1 discloses a lattice mast element in the form of a plug-in truss structure. From bars and connecting elements frames can be formed, which are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lattice mast element. Such a lattice mast element has a reduced rigidity.

The DE 10 2006 060 347 B4 discloses a lattice piece for a mobile large crane. The lattice piece comprises corner posts, zero bars and diagonal bars.

The NL 1 035 078 C discloses a divisible, longitudinally split lattice mast element which may be divided for a transport arrangement and transported separately from one another.

The NL 1 031 331 C discloses a lattice boom crane with two lattice boom. One of the lattice boom has an increased lattice mast member width in a central region.

It is an object of the present invention to develop a lattice mast element for a lattice mast in such a way that, on the one hand, it has a high load-bearing capacity and, on the other hand, is easy to transport, wherein the lattice mast element in particular in a predeterminable direction has an increased rigidity with reduced use of material.

This object is achieved by a lattice mast element with the features specified in claim 1.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that a lattice mast element which has at least two longitudinal elements and a transverse element connecting the longitudinal elements to one another, ie, along a transverse direction predetermined by the transverse element, obtains that the longitudinal elements each designed as a surface structure are arranged at a distance from one another are. The longitudinal elements and the transverse element form a framework for the lattice mast element. The longitudinal elements are opposite side walls of the frame. The transverse element forms an intermediate wall located between the side walls. If only one transverse element is provided, the frame is open to at least one side opposite the transverse element. It is also conceivable to use several cross elements. In this case, a closed frame for the lattice mast element can be formed. The frame formed by the longitudinal members and the cross member defines a payload surface. The payload area is arranged parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis. The frame-like side wall formed by the longitudinal elements in each case and the frame-like intermediate wall formed by the transverse element secure the frame. The intermediate wall has a transverse surface, which is oriented perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. This makes it possible, in particular, to arrange several lattice mast elements according to the invention along the lattice mast longitudinal axis one behind the other. This means that the frame-shaped lattice mast elements can be arranged in particular such that the individual load surfaces of the lattice mast elements define a common, flat payload area. In particular, the payload surfaces are arranged non-spaced along the lattice mast longitudinal axis. The lattice mast elements according to the invention and the lattice mast according to the invention are detached from the way of thinking known from the prior art by arranging hollow profile-shaped lattice mast elements along the lattice mast longitudinal axis one behind the other. In the lattice mast elements according to the invention, a profile element longitudinal axis is oriented perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis relative to the hollow profile-shaped design.

The longitudinal elements are in particular made in one piece, that is not divisible. The longitudinal elements can also be made in several parts, in particular pluggable. In particular, individual components of the longitudinal elements can be releasably connected to each other and in particular bolted together. The longitudinal elements are particularly flat. The longitudinal elements are arranged substantially along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis and executed in particular identical. The lattice mast element longitudinal axis is oriented parallel to an x-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system. It is also possible to provide a plurality of transverse elements, that is to say in particular at least two transverse elements. The transverse elements are used in particular for detachable and / or articulated connection of the longitudinal elements. The transverse elements are oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. The transverse elements are oriented parallel to a y-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system and in particular in a plane parallel to the yz plane. The lattice mast element according to the invention is modular and represents a spatial structure with comparatively high rigidity, which has several, in particular at least two, surface structures in the form of longitudinal elements. Limit the longitudinal elements and the cross elements a payload area of the lattice mast element. The payload area is oriented parallel to the xy plane of the Cartesian coordinate system. The surface structures are in particular oriented perpendicular to the load surface, ie parallel to the z-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system. The fact that the longitudinal elements themselves are designed as a surface structure, they have a comparatively high inherent rigidity in their plane, ie the xz plane on. Through the connection with the transverse elements, the spatial support structure of the lattice mast element is additionally stiffened, in particular in the yz plane. At the same time the cost of materials for the production of the lattice mast element is low, since few, weight-reduced transverse elements between the longitudinal elements are used. The lattice mast element according to the invention has an increased rigidity with a reduced use of material. The lattice tower element has a low specific weight related to the rigidity of the cross section. Due to the, in particular detachable and / or articulated, connection of the longitudinal elements by the transverse elements, the lattice mast element can be transferred from a working assembly having a maximum lattice mast member width having maximum payload area in a transport arrangement with a minimum lattice mast member width having minimal payload area. At maximum payload area, the longitudinal elements have a maximum distance along the y-axis to each other. This ensures a particularly high rigidity of the lattice mast element along the y-direction. Such a lattice mast element can be used, for example, for a lattice boom of an assembly crane. Such a lattice mast element is suitable for being able to absorb particularly high lateral forces, in particular along the y-axis. The minimum payload area allows a particularly advantageous, space-saving transport of the lattice mast element in the transport arrangement. In particular, the lattice mast element according to the invention in the transport arrangement in a transport unit transportable by road, rail or water. In particular, permissible transport dimensions, such as a maximum transport width of 3 m and a transport height of 4 m, are not exceeded.

The lattice mast element has at least one stiffening element for stiffening the lattice mast element by connecting the longitudinal elements and / or the transverse element to one another. As a result, the lattice mast element is additionally stiffened. For the stiffening of the lattice mast element is at least one stiffening element that is provided in particular articulated and / or releasable for connection of the longitudinal elements and / or the transverse elements. The at least one stiffening member connects a longitudinal member to the cross member to stiffen a corner portion between the longitudinal member and the cross member. It is basically also conceivable that the at least one stiffening element connects two longitudinal elements together. The stiffening element is disposed within the payload surface and / or at an edge of the payload surface. If a plurality of stiffening elements are provided, they can be arranged in two mutually spaced stiffening element planes. The stiffening element planes are in particular arranged along a height direction, that is, spaced apart from one another along a z-axis. The stiffening element plane is identical to the payload surface or oriented at an inclination angle thereto. In a lattice mast element, the longitudinal elements along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis could have a conical shape. The longitudinal elements themselves are thus designed trapezoidal. Due to the trapezoidal shape of the longitudinal elements an inclination angle is specified. At this angle of inclination, the payload area, that is to say the stiffening element level, is arranged in each case to form a projection surface oriented parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis. If the angle of inclination exceeds a maximum angle of inclination, the stiffening elements are preferably oriented in the payload area. The stiffening elements are not oriented parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis. The maximum angle of inclination is for example 5 °, in particular a maximum of 4 °, in particular a maximum of 3 °, in particular a maximum of 2 °, in particular a maximum of 1.5 °. If the maximum angle of inclination is not exceeded, the stiffening elements can be arranged parallel to the projection surface, which is oriented parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis. The stiffening element level is then not arranged parallel to the load surface. In this case, the stiffening element plane and the payload surface are arranged below one another at the aforementioned angle of inclination, which has exceeded the maximum angle of inclination. The stiffening elements are then not oriented parallel to the belt elements of the longitudinal elements. Such an arrangement offers advantages in the mechanical processing and manufacture of a lattice mast element. The at least one stiffening element is connected directly to the longitudinal elements and / or the transverse element.

A lattice mast element according to claim 2 has a particularly high transverse rigidity. A cross-sectional area, oriented parallel to the yz plane, of the lattice mast element, which is oriented in particular perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis, is embodied in particular rectangular and has a lattice mast element width and a lattice mast element height. The lattice mast element width is greater than the lattice mast element height oriented parallel to the z-axis. In particular, the lattice mast element width is more than twice as large, in particular more than three times as large and in particular more than four times as large as the lattice mast element height. The lattice mast element width is understood to mean a distance of the longitudinal elements from one another. The terms lattice mast element height and lattice mast element width are independent of the orientation or attachment of the lattice boom on a crane to understand. Rather, the designations express that the lattice mast element width represents the width of the yz cross-sectional area, and more particularly the width of the payload area of the lattice mast element. The lattice mast element height specifies the height of the yz cross-sectional area. In particular, the orientation of the lattice mast element height and lattice mast element width can be hinged to a crane independently of the orientation of a luffing axis about which a lattice boom can be tilted.

A lattice mast element according to claim 3 allows the variable arrangement of the longitudinal elements to one another for a minimum lattice mast width of the lattice mast element in a transport arrangement and a maximum lattice mast width of the lattice mast element in a working arrangement. In particular, it is possible to disengage the transverse elements and / or stiffening elements from a particularly articulated articulation on the longitudinal elements, in order thereby to enable a pivoting of the articulated transverse elements and / or stiffening elements remaining on the longitudinal elements. In particular, it is therefore possible that the grid element is foldable. A folding of the lattice mast element takes place in particular by the fact that the two longitudinal elements are moved towards each other in order to reduce the lattice mast element width, which is maximum in particular in the working arrangement, which is particularly minimal in a transport arrangement. The folding allows a quick, uncomplicated and in particular easy to handle change of the work arrangement in the transport arrangement of the lattice mast element.

A lattice mast element according to claim 4 has a particularly effective stiffening. There are four stiffening elements provided, in particular are arranged in diamond shape within the particular rectangular lattice mast element. The corners of the rhombus are respectively arranged in particular on the side centers of the lattice mast element. Such a lattice mast element is stiffened in all directions in the xy plane.

A lattice mast element according to claim 5 enables a particularly advantageous design of the longitudinal elements. In a design as truss, the longitudinal elements may have zero rods and / or diagonal bars for stiffening the truss. In the truss tension and compression bars are connected. For example, the diagonal bars or upper and lower belt elements of the longitudinal elements serve as tension and compression bars. Alternatively, it is also possible, the longitudinal elements as a frame, so as a bar association with rigid corners, or as a profile support, so in the form of a single bar to execute. In particular, the transverse elements and / or stiffening elements can be designed as surface structures and in particular in the form of a truss with zero bars and / or diagonal bars, as a frame or as a profile carrier.

A lattice mast element according to claim 6 has an increased rigidity in a predeterminable plane, since the longitudinal elements and / or the transverse elements each have two belt elements, which are arranged spaced apart along a plane oriented parallel to the z-axis height direction. The embodiment of the belt elements themselves leads to an increase in the rigidity of the longitudinal elements and the transverse elements perpendicular to a respective element plane, ie to the yz plane or to the xz plane. The belt elements are designed in particular as hollow profile elements. The height direction is oriented in particular perpendicular to the load surface. The belt elements have an axial area moment of inertia about the z-axis, which is greater than an axial area moment of inertia about a transverse axis oriented perpendicular to the z-axis. For the longitudinal elements, the transverse axis corresponds to the y-axis. For the transverse elements, the transverse axis corresponds to the x-axis. In any case, the transverse axis is oriented perpendicular to a respective plane spanned by the longitudinal element or the transverse element.

A lattice mast element according to claim 7 enables improved displacement of the transport arrangement in the work arrangement and vice versa. Characterized in that at least two interconnected transverse elements are provided to connect two longitudinal elements together, the flexibility in the displacement of the transport arrangement is increased in the working arrangement of the lattice mast element. The additional flexibility in the mobility of the lattice mast element is made possible by an articulated connection of the transverse elements about the z-axis. In the working arrangement, the transverse elements are torque-rigid, ie non-articulated, connected to one another about a z-axis oriented perpendicular to the load-bearing surface. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the transverse elements are connected to each other by two, in particular parallel, spaced apart pivot axes. At least one of the pivot axes may be arranged outside of a plane defined by a transverse element. This pivot axis has a distance, in particular along the x-axis, to the cross member. The spaced arrangement of the pivot axis to the cross member may be performed by at least one hinge element, in particular two spaced along the pivot axis to each other arranged hinge elements. As a result, the lattice mast element according to claim 7, despite the articulated connection of the transverse elements in the transport arrangement in the working arrangement sufficient rigidity.

A lattice mast element according to claim 8 enables improved flexibility in the displacement of the lattice mast element from the transport arrangement into the work arrangement. In particular, an improved connection of the transverse elements is created with each other. The flaps of the transverse elements to each other is improved. In particular, sagging of the stiffening elements in the xy plane upon a change from the transport arrangement into the working arrangement and vice versa is reduced.

A lattice mast element according to claim 9 makes it possible, in particular for a series arrangement of a plurality of lattice mast elements along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis, to design a lattice mast boom with a constant cross section along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. This is ensured by a lattice mast element with a rectangular payload surface, that is to say with a rectangular cross-sectional area in the xy plane. A lattice mast element with a trapezoidal payload surface allows a transition from a larger to a smaller cross sectional area in the yz plane along the lattice pole longitudinal axis or vice versa. Such a lattice mast element increases the variability in the design of a lattice boom.

In a lattice mast element according to claim 10, the displacement of the transport arrangement in the working arrangement and vice versa is facilitated. By means of a drive element, which is for example a telescopic piston-cylinder unit, which is driven in particular hydraulically, pneumatically or by electric motor, the longitudinal elements, the transverse elements and / or the stiffening elements can be pivoted to each other. Especially in large-scale cranes, in which the longitudinal elements, cross members and stiffening elements have a high weight can, so that a manual flaps is cumbersome by a person, a displacement of the said elements supporting driving driving element is advantageous.

A lattice mast element according to claim 11 allows complete disassembly of the longitudinal elements. In particular, the longitudinal elements for this purpose have several individual components which can be bolted together. In a release of all compounds of the individual components together, a transport of rod-shaped components is possible. In particular, it is not necessary to transport planar surface structures. The rigidity of the surface structures is ensured by the bolting of the individual components together.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a lattice boom, in particular for a crane, which fulfills a sufficient carrying capacity of the crane in a working arrangement and at the same time a transport of the lattice boom is easily possible.

This object is achieved by a lattice boom with the features specified in claim 12.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that a lattice boom, which is tiltable in particular about a, in particular horizontally oriented, luffing axis, has at least one lattice mast element strand which comprises at least one lattice mast element. In particular, the lattice mast element strand comprises a plurality of lattice mast elements, which are arranged one behind the other along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. The individual lattice mast elements are releasably connected to each other, in particular bolted together. There are also other solvable connections between the individual Lattice mast elements possible. It is essential that the substantially rectangular profile-shaped lattice mast elements are arranged such that each of the rectangular profiles limited load bearing surfaces of the individual lattice mast elements are arranged in a common plane. This means that the load-bearing surfaces are arranged alongside one another along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. If a lattice boom has exactly one lattice mast element strand, it is in particular arranged such that the lattice mast element width is oriented parallel to the luff axis. The lattice mast element longitudinal axis is oriented parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis. The lattice mast element height is oriented perpendicular to the luffing axis, in particular perpendicular to a plane spanned by lattice mast element width and lattice mast element length. The lattice mast element height corresponds to the lattice mast height. The lattice mast element strand is in particular tiltably connected to a crane, in particular on an upper carriage of a crane, via an associated foot element. At a the foot element opposite arranged end of the lattice mast element strand, a head element is provided. The advantages of the lattice boom essentially correspond to those of the lattice mast element, to which reference is hereby made. The foot element, the head element and the at least one interposed lattice mast element are separable from each other in particular for the transport of the lattice boom. In particular, the said elements are transported separately from each other.

A lattice boom according to claim 13 has a plurality along a lattice boom boom longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements. The lattice boom extension longitudinal axis is oriented parallel to the lattice pole longitudinal axis. It is possible to adjust the length of the lattice boom along the lattice boom boom longitudinal axis by placing lattice mast members to set or set to a required or desired length.

A lattice boom according to claim 14 has due to the two laterally juxtaposed, in particular along a Wippachse spaced, arranged lattice mast element strands on an increased lateral stiffness and is used in particular for the lifting of large loads. With respect to a lattice boom with only a single lattice mast element strand, the individual lattice mast elements of the lattice mast element strands in the lattice mast with two lattice mast element strands are rotated by 90 ° relative to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis. This means that the lattice mast element width corresponds to a lattice mast element strand height. The lattice mast element height corresponds to the lattice mast element strand width. The lattice mast element strand height is identical to the lattice mast height. The lattice mast width results from the respective lattice mast element strand width of the lattice mast element strands and a distance of the lattice mast element strands from one another in the direction of the rocking axis. It is possible that the lattice mast element strands are at least partially not arranged parallel to each other. Accordingly, the lattice mast width along the lattice mast longitudinal axis can be variable. The stiffness of a lattice boom in the z-direction and thus its carrying capacity can be limited due to maximum permissible transport dimensions. By using a lattice mast element according to the invention for a lattice boom according to the invention, it is possible to solve this transport problem. The lattice mast element is adjustable. This makes it possible to provide lattice mast element strands having a lattice mast element strand height that is greater than a lattice mast element strand width. In particular, the lattice mast element strand height is a multiple, in particular twice, in particular three times and in particular four times, the lattice mast element strand width. In particular, the lattice mast element strands are detachable from each other.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a crane with a lattice boom which has increased lateral rigidity and is particularly easy to transport.

This object is achieved by a crane with the features specified in claim 15.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that a crane with at least one lattice boom suspended about a, in particular horizontally oriented, rocker axis, has an increased rigidity. Such a crane is in particular a mounting crane, in particular for mounting a rotor on a wind power plant.

The resulting advantages for the crane essentially correspond to the advantages of the lattice mast element and the lattice boom, to which reference is hereby made.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Raupenkrans mit einem mehrere Gittermastelemente aufweisenden Gittermastausleger,

Fig. 2

eine Fig. 1 entsprechende Seitenansicht eines weiteren Gittermastauslegers mit mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Gittermastelementen,

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht des Gittermastauslegers gemäß Pfeil III in Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Perspektivdarstellung eines Gittermastelements des Gittermastauslegers in Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Gittermastelements in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung von zwei entlang einer Gittermastelement-Längsachse hintereinander angeordneten Gittermastelementen gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht einer konkreten Ausführungsform des Gittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 8 bis 10

verschiedene Transportanordnungen des Gittermastelements in Fig. 7,

Fig. 11

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Seitenansicht des Gittermastelements in Fig. 7,

Fig. 12

eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht des Gittermastauslegers in einer konkreten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 13

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht von Detail XIII in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

eine Ansicht gemäß Pfeil XIV in Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

eine teilgeschnittene, perspektivische Detailansicht eines Längselements des Gittermastelements in Fig. 7,

Fig. 16

eine Fig. 12 entsprechende Darstellung eines AdapterGittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 17

das Adapter-Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 16 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 18

eine Fig. 4 entsprechende schematische Perspektivdarstellung eines Gittermastelements gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 19

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Gittermastelements gemäß Fig. 18,

Fig. 20

eine schematische Darstellung mit zwei entlang einer Gittermastelement-Längsachse hintereinander angeordneten Gittermastelementen gemäß Fig. 18,

Fig. 21

eine Fig. 18 entsprechende Ansicht eines Gittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 22

das Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 21 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 23

eine vergrößerte Ansicht des Details XXIII in Fig. 21,

Fig. 24

eine Fig. 4 entsprechende schematische Perspektivdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Gittermastelements,

Fig. 25

eine Fig. 24 entsprechende Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 26

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gittermastauslegers mit zwei entlang einer Gittermastelement-Längsachse hintereinander angeordneten Gittermastelementen gemäß Fig. 24,

Fig. 27

eine Draufsicht eines konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Gittermastelements gemäß Fig. 24 in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 28

das Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 27 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 29

eine Fig. 27 entsprechende Draufsicht mehrerer entlang einer Gittermastelement-Längsachse hintereinander angeordneter Gittermastelemente,

Fig. 30

eine Fig. 7 entsprechende Draufsicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Gittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 31

das Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 30 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 32

eine Fig. 30 entsprechende Draufsicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines ein Antriebselement aufweisenden Gittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 33

das Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 32 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 34

eine Fig. 32 entsprechende Draufsicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines ein Antriebselement aufweisenden, trapezförmigen Gittermastelements in einer Arbeitsanordnung,

Fig. 35

das Gittermastelement gemäß Fig. 34 in einer Transportanordnung,

Fig. 36

eine vergrößerte, teilgeschnittene Ansicht des Details XXXVI in Fig. 35,

Fig. 37

eine Fig. 4 entsprechende schematische Perspektivdarstellung eines Gittermastelements gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 38

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Gittermastelements in Fig. 37,

Fig. 39

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gittermastauslegers mit mehreren entlang einer Gittermastelement-Längsachse hintereinander angeordneten Gittermastelementen gemäß Fig. 37,

Fig. 40

eine Fig. 4 entsprechende schematische Perspektivdarstellung eines Gittermastelements gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 41

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Gittermastelements in Fig. 40,

Fig. 42

eine Perspektivdarstellung des Gittermastelements gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 40, 41,

Fig. 43

eine Fig. 12 entsprechende Ansicht eines Gittermastauslegers gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 44

eine Fig. 43 entsprechende Ansicht eines Gittermastauslegers in einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 45

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Seitenansicht eines Gittermastauslegers gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Fig. 46

eine Ansicht gemäß Pfeil XLV in Fig. 45.

Ausfühningsbeispiele of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a side view of a crawler crane with a lattice boom several lattice mast elements,

Fig. 2

a Fig. 1 corresponding side view of another lattice boom with several lattice mast elements according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a view of the lattice boom according to arrow III in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a schematic perspective view of a lattice mast element of the lattice boom in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5

an exploded view of the lattice mast element in Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a schematic representation of two along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements according to Fig. 4 .

Fig. 7

a Fig. 3 corresponding view of a concrete embodiment of the lattice mast element in a working arrangement,

Fig. 8 to 10

various transport arrangements of the lattice mast element in Fig. 7 .

Fig. 11

a Fig. 2 corresponding side view of the lattice mast element in Fig. 7 .

Fig. 12

a Fig. 3 corresponding view of the lattice boom in a specific embodiment,

Fig. 13

an enlarged detail view of detail XIII in Fig. 12 .

Fig. 14

a view according to arrow XIV in Fig. 13 .

Fig. 15

a partially cut, perspective detail view of a longitudinal element of the lattice mast element in Fig. 7 .

Fig. 16

a Fig. 12 corresponding representation of an adapter lattice mast element in a working arrangement,

Fig. 17

the adapter lattice mast element according to Fig. 16 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 18

a Fig. 4 corresponding schematic perspective view of a lattice mast element according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 19

an exploded view of the lattice mast element according to Fig. 18 .

Fig. 20

a schematic representation with two along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements according to Fig. 18 .

Fig. 21

a Fig. 18 corresponding view of a lattice mast element in a work arrangement,

Fig. 22

the lattice mast element according to Fig. 21 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 23

an enlarged view of detail XXIII in Fig. 21 .

Fig. 24

a Fig. 4 corresponding schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a lattice mast element,

Fig. 25

a Fig. 24 corresponding exploded view,

Fig. 26

a schematic representation of a lattice boom with two along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements according to Fig. 24 .

Fig. 27

a plan view of a concrete embodiment of a lattice mast element according to Fig. 24 in a working arrangement,

Fig. 28

the lattice mast element according to Fig. 27 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 29

a Fig. 27 corresponding top view of several along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements,

Fig. 30

a Fig. 7 corresponding top view of another embodiment of a lattice mast element in a working arrangement,

Fig. 31

the lattice mast element according to Fig. 30 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 32

a Fig. 30 corresponding plan view of another embodiment of a drive element having a lattice mast element in a working arrangement,

Fig. 33

the lattice mast element according to Fig. 32 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 34

a Fig. 32 corresponding plan view of another embodiment of a drive element having a trapezoidal lattice mast element in a working arrangement,

Fig. 35

the lattice mast element according to Fig. 34 in a transport arrangement,

Fig. 36

an enlarged, partially cutaway view of detail XXXVI in Fig. 35 .

Fig. 37

a Fig. 4 corresponding schematic perspective view of a lattice mast element according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 38

an exploded view of the lattice mast element in Fig. 37 .

Fig. 39

a schematic representation of a lattice boom with several along a lattice mast element longitudinal axis successively arranged lattice mast elements according to Fig. 37 .

Fig. 40

a Fig. 4 corresponding schematic perspective view of a lattice mast element according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 41

an exploded view of the lattice mast element in Fig. 40 .

Fig. 42

a perspective view of the lattice mast element according to the embodiment in Fig. 40, 41 .

Fig. 43

a Fig. 12 corresponding view of a lattice boom in accordance with a further embodiment,

Fig. 44

a Fig. 43 corresponding view of a lattice boom in a further embodiment,

Fig. 45

a Fig. 2 corresponding side view of a lattice boom according to a further embodiment,

Fig. 46

a view according to arrow XLV in Fig. 45 ,

An in Fig. 1 illustrated crane 1 is designed as a crawler crane with two parallel to a lower carriage 2 crawler tracks 3. To a vertical axis of rotation 4 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage 2 of the superstructure 5 is arranged. On the superstructure 5 is about a horizontally arranged rocking axis 6, a lattice boom 7 in a vertical plane, the drawing plane in Fig. 1 corresponds, tilted hinged. On one of the rocking axis 6 opposite end of the lattice boom 7 pivotally an auxiliary boom 8 is hinged thereto. At the top of the jib 8, a bottle 9 is provided with a hook for lifting, holding and moving loads. Both the lattice boom 7 and the auxiliary boom 8 have a plurality of lattice mast elements 10.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a lattice boom according to the invention 11. The lattice boom 11 has a foot member 12, with which it is tiltable about the rocking axis 6 on the upper carriage of the crane, not shown, can be articulated. The lattice boom 11 has a lattice boom longitudinal axis 13. Along the lattice boom boom longitudinal axis 13 connects to the base member 12, an adapter lattice mast element 14, a plurality of lattice mast elements 15, a further adapter lattice mast element 16, more lattice mast elements 17 and a head element 18 at.

From the illustration in Fig. 2 shows that a lattice mast element height H along the lattice boom longitudinal axis 13 is substantially unchanged. Only in an articulation region of the foot element 12 is the lattice mast element height H reduced. However, the lattice mast element height H is essentially identical, in particular for the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16, for the lattice mast elements 15, 17 and for the head element 18. It is also conceivable that the lattice mast element height H of the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 13 is variable. In particular, it is conceivable for the lattice mast element height H to rise from the foot element 12 towards the lattice mast element 15. Accordingly, the lattice mast element height H can rise from the head element 18 or from the lattice mast element 17 to the lattice mast element 15 along the adapter lattice mast element 16. The increase of the lattice mast element height H is in particular linear. The increase in the lattice mast element height H may also have a non-linear and in particular a curved along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 13 course. The lattice mast element height H is identical to a lattice mast height h, which is oriented perpendicular to a plane spanned by the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 and the luffing axis 6.

In contrast, an in Fig. 3 In particular, the lattice mast element width B of the lattice mast element 15 is at least twice, in particular at least three times, and in particular at least four times, the width of the foot element 12 , the lattice mast element 17 or the head element 18. The adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 allow a transition of the width of the foot member 12 and the lattice mast element 17 on the enlarged lattice mast element width B of the lattice mast elements 15. The lattice mast element width B is identical to a lattice mast width b, the parallel oriented to Wippachse 6.

In the lattice mast boom 11 according to the invention shown, the lattice boom element width B is oriented parallel to the luff axis 6 and the lattice mast element height H perpendicular to the luff axis 6. Both the lattice mast element width B and the lattice mast element height H are each oriented perpendicular to the lattice boom longitudinal axis 13.

It is essential that the lattice boom 11 in the area of the lattice mast elements 15 along one direction, here along a direction parallel to the luffing axis 6 width direction, is significantly greater than in a direction perpendicular thereto, here a height direction. Due to the increased lattice mast element width B, which is in particular greater than twice the lattice mast element height H, in particular greater than three times the lattice mast element height H and in particular greater than the fourfold lattice mast element height H, the lattice mast element 15 has an increased lateral rigidity. A payload surface 19 is defined by the lattice mast member width B and by a lattice mast member length L oriented along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. The lattice mast element height H is oriented perpendicular to the payload surface 19, which is arranged parallel to the xy plane.

The following is based on Fig. 4 to Fig. 11 the lattice mast element 15 explained in more detail. As the schematic structure in 4 and 5 1, the lattice mast element 15 comprises two longitudinal elements 21 arranged parallel to a lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. The lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 is parallel to an x axis of an in Fig. 4 oriented Cartesian coordinate system. The lattice pole longitudinal axis 20 in particular coincides with the lattice boom longitudinal axis 13, as in FIG Fig. 6 represented, together.

The longitudinal members 21 are connected to each other along the lattice pole longitudinal axis 20 opposite ends arranged by two interconnected along the y-axis oriented transverse elements 22 with each other.

Both the longitudinal elements 21 and the transverse elements 22, which span the rectangular load-bearing surface 19 together, are in each case designed as surface structures. The surface structures 21, 22 are each oriented perpendicular to the load surface 19. According to the Cartesian coordinate system in Fig. 4 the payload area 19 is arranged in the xy plane. Correspondingly, the longitudinal elements 21 are arranged in the xz plane and the transverse elements 22 in the yz plane. The y-direction corresponds to the width direction of the lattice mast element 15. The z-direction corresponds to the height direction of the lattice mast element 15.

For connecting the transverse elements 22 with each other, a connecting element 23 arranged therebetween is provided in each case. The connecting elements 23 allow the torque-rigid connection of the transverse elements 22 in the working arrangement of the lattice mast element 15 in accordance Fig. 4 , This means that the connection of the transverse elements 22 to the connecting element 23 with respect to a rotation about the z-axis is prevented. As a result, the lattice mast element has increased rigidity. About the connecting element 23 further stiffening elements 24 are connected to the longitudinal elements 21. Stiffening elements 24 result in a substantially diamond-shaped inner contour of the lattice mast element 15 and ensure increased rigidity of the lattice mast element 15th

The stiffening elements 24 are also designed as a surface structures.

The surface structures, so the longitudinal elements 21, the cross members 22 and the stiffening elements 24, in particular in one piece, so not divisible executed and allow an increase in the overall stiffness of the lattice mast element. The surface structures 21, 22, 24 are flat. In particular, the surface structures are each designed as a framework. It is also conceivable that the surface structures can be designed as a frame or as a profile carrier.

To a particularly advantageous displacement of the lattice mast element 15 of the in Fig. 4 and 6 shown work arrangement in which the lattice mast element has a maximum width B _max in one in the Fig. 8 to 10 transfer structures shown in which the lattice mast element 15 each having a minimum width B _min , the transverse elements 22 and the stiffening elements 24 are each articulated and / or releasably connected to the longitudinal elements 21 and / or the connecting element 23. The stiffening elements 24 are each articulated about a pivot axis 25 parallel to the z axis to the longitudinal element 21 and a pivot axis 26 parallel to the z axis to the connecting element 23. The torque-rigid connection of the transverse elements 22 to each other is effected by two parallel to each other and the z-axis oriented connection axes 27. In particular, the connection axes 27 along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 spaced from each other and oriented relative to the lattice mast element 15 off-center, so with a distance to the lattice mast element Longitudinal axis 20 arranged offset.

The transverse elements 22 are pivotally connected to the longitudinal element 21 at an end opposite the connecting element 23 on a pivot axis 25 oriented parallel to the z-axis.

In the following, the arrangement of the lattice mast element 15, starting from the in Fig. 7 shown work arrangement with the maximum lattice mast element width B _max in the transport arrangement according to Fig. 8 explained with a minimum lattice mast element width B _min . One of the connections of the transverse elements 22 to the connecting axles 27 is respectively released on the connecting elements 23, so that the respective transverse element 22 on the connecting element 23 is pivotably connected to the connecting element 23 about the respective other connecting axle 27. As a result, the torque-rigid connection of the transverse elements 22 to each other is achieved. The transverse elements 22 are pivotable on the connecting element 23. At the same time, the stiffening elements 24 are released on the pivot axes 25 of the longitudinal elements 21.

A preferred transport arrangement according to Fig. 8 results from the fact that the respective lower connecting element 23 according to Fig. 8 upwards, ie between the two longitudinal elements 21, is displaced. This is done by first of all releasing the stiffening elements 24 from the longitudinal elements 21 and pivoting them about the pivot axes 26 to the lattice pole element longitudinal axis 20. Subsequently, the two originally arranged in the work arrangement horizontally transverse elements 22 are folded substantially vertically upwards about the pivot axes 25. Accordingly, the upper connecting element 23 is pivoted upward, analogously to the lower connecting element 23. In this folded transport arrangement, the transport width B _{min is} reduced and in particular reduced to a transportable measure. In particular, B _{min is} at most 4 m and in particular at most 3 m. In the transport arrangement according to Fig. 8 are the two connecting elements 23 in the same direction, ie according to Fig. 8 up, relocated. The lattice mast element 15 has, in this arrangement, a transport length which is greater than the length of the lattice mast element 15 in the working arrangement according to FIG Fig. 7 , Characterized in that the pivot axes 25, on which the transverse elements 22 are pivoted on the longitudinal elements 21, a comparatively large distance along the lattice pole longitudinal axis 20, the displacement of the working arrangement in Fig. 7 to the transport arrangement in Fig. 8 kinematically very stable.

It is also possible to do that in Fig. 7 shown lattice mast element 15 in the in Fig. 9 to shift shown transport assembly by the two connecting elements 23 are moved away from each other out of the lattice mast element center away from each other. In such a transport arrangement, the minimum lattice mast element width B _{min is equal} to the minimum transport element width Fig. 8 identical.

The smallest transport length for the grid element 15 according to Fig. 7 is in a transport arrangement according to Fig. 10 possible. This transport arrangement is achieved in that first the pivot axes 25 between the transverse elements 22 and the longitudinal elements 21 and then each one of the connecting axes 27 between the transverse elements 22 and the connecting elements 23 are released. Subsequently, the stiffening elements 24 can be used for pivoting the transverse elements 22 and the connecting elements 23.

Fig. 11 shows one Fig. 2 corresponding side view of the lattice mast element 15. The drawing plane in Fig. 11 corresponds to the plane of the surface structure of the longitudinal element 21. The longitudinal element 21 has two mutually parallel belt elements 28 which are connected by a plurality of zero bars 29 and diagonal bars 30 together and thereby additionally stiffened. The surface structure 21 of the lattice mast element 15 is designed as a framework.

In Fig. 12 is the lattice boom 11 according to Fig. 3 shown in a specific embodiment with the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 and the interposed lattice mast elements 15.

In FIGS. 13 and 14 is the connecting element 23, which is executed in the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 functionally identical to the connecting elements 23 of the lattice mast elements 15, shown in more detail.

The following is based on the Fig. 15 to the design of a surface structure in the form of a longitudinal element 21 and in particular the embodiment of the belt elements 28 used therefor explained in more detail. The The longitudinal element 21 comprises two belt elements 28 extending along the x-axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lattice mast element 20. The belt elements 28 are rectangular hollow sections which have a rectangular cross-section in the yz plane which extends along the y-axis. Axis, that is along the width direction of the lattice mast element, a larger dimension than along the z-axis, ie along the height direction of the lattice mast element. This means that the belt element 28 has an axial area moment of inertia about the z-axis, which is greater than an axial area moment of inertia about the y-axis. It is thereby achieved that the rigidity of the lattice mast element 15 is additionally increased overall in relation to a lateral force in the width direction along the y-axis. The belt elements 28 of the longitudinal element 21 are supported in the vertical direction, ie along the z-axis, by the zero bars 29 and the diagonal bars 30. The risk of kinking is thereby reduced. In a width direction, that is, along the y-axis, the longitudinal member 21 is supported at three locations, namely once adjacent to the ends of the belt members 28 and in a central region of the belt members 28 along the lattice pole longitudinal axis 20. That is, along the y-axis, the buckling length is increased. The rectangular hollow profile of the belt element 28 therefore has an increased resistance moment in the direction of the y-axis. Furthermore, in Fig. 15 shown provided at the ends of the belt members 28 fork and Ösenteile 31, which serve to connect two lattice mast elements 15 along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. Furthermore, the zero bars 29 and the diagonal bars 30 of the longitudinal element 21 are shown. Connecting elements 32 for the pivot axis 25 are fastened to the belt elements 28, in particular welded. The pivot axes 25 are arranged in particular at a distance from a plane spanned by the longitudinal elements 21, oriented parallel to the xz plane. This spaced arrangement of Pivot axes 25 of the longitudinal member 21 by means of the hinge elements 32nd

The belt elements 28 have a flat, wide hollow profile shape. As a result, a transverse stability and transverse rigidity of the longitudinal element 21 formed by the belt elements 28 is improved. The longitudinal elements 21 are side parts of the lattice boom. The lattice boom has an increased transverse stability and transverse rigidity by the longitudinal elements 21, which are connected via the stiffening elements 24 with at least one transverse element 22 and thereby stiffened. Under transverse stability or transverse stiffness is here understood the resistance of the longitudinal member 21 against a transverse load. The flat, wide belt elements 28, which are connected to each other by zero bars 29 and diagonal bars 30, a longitudinal element 21 is formed in a height direction, ie along the z-axis according to Fig. 15 , has increased rigidity and stability. Due to the increased transverse rigidity of the longitudinal elements 21, the number of stiffening elements 24 can be reduced parallel to the payload area. The material used for such a lattice mast element is reduced. The lattice mast element is constructed in lightweight construction.

Below is the shift from the work arrangement to Fig. 16 in the transport arrangement in Fig. 17 for the adapter lattice mast element 14 explained in more detail. The adapter lattice mast element 14 is identical to the adapter lattice mast element 16. The adapter lattice mast element 14 has a trapezoidal payload surface 19. At one in Fig. 16 shown upper end of the payload surface 19 by two transverse elements 22, which are interconnected by means of a connecting element 23, limited. At a lower end is to bridge a distance between the two longitudinal elements 21 only one transverse element 22 is provided. For additional stiffening, in addition to the stiffening elements 24, approximately in a middle region of the adapter lattice mast element 20, along the longitudinal axis of the lattice mast element 20, further transverse elements 22, connected by means of a connecting element 23, are provided. Along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20, the adapter lattice mast element 14 has a variable lattice mast width B. At the lower cross member 22, the lattice mast width B _{min is} minimal. At the upper end, the lattice boom width B _{max is} maximum.

To relocate the adapter lattice mast element 14 from the in Fig. 16 shown work arrangement in the in Fig. 17 shown transport arrangement, the central transverse elements 22 are released in the region of the pivot axes 25 of the longitudinal elements 21. At the same time, the middle transverse elements on one of the connecting axles 27 are released from the connecting element 23 and pivoted downwardly therefrom. The upper transverse elements are also released at the respective upper connecting axles 27 on the connecting element 23 and at the pivot axes 25 on the longitudinal elements 21 and pivoted downwards. The two upper ends of the longitudinal elements 21 are respectively pivoted toward the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 until the longitudinal elements 21 are arranged parallel to one another and parallel to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. In this arrangement, the adapter lattice mast element 14 has a constant width along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20, which corresponds to the minimum width B _{min of} the adapter lattice mast element in the work arrangement. In the working arrangement according to Fig. 16 the two longitudinal elements 21 are inclined relative to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. An inclination angle is about 15 °. The inclination angle can according to the required cross-sectional transition of the lattice mast elements 17th be adapted to the lattice tower members 15 and 15 of the lattice mast elements on the foot member accordingly.

In particular, the angle of inclination may be more than 15 ° or less than 15 °. The longitudinal members 21 are arranged at the angle of inclination substantially along the lattice pole longitudinal axis 20 as described.

Fig. 18 to Fig. 23 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 17 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The essential difference according to the previous exemplary embodiment of a lattice mast element is that the transverse elements 22 of the lattice mast element 15 and the stiffening elements 24 articulated thereon are directly connected to one another. In particular, the use of a connecting element 23 is not required. The connection of the elements with each other is shown as an enlarged detail view in Fig. 23 shown.

The structure of the lattice mast member 15 according to this embodiment is simplified due to the unnecessary connection member. In particular, such a construction is weight-reduced and uncomplicated. In order for a displacement of the lattice mast element 15 of the in Fig. 21 shown work arrangement in the in Fig. 22 shown transport arrangement to be able to provide sufficient space between the longitudinal elements 21 in the transport arrangement, it is necessary that the transverse elements, the in Fig. 21, 22nd are shown above, are executed differently than those in Fig. 21, 22nd shown below transverse elements 22. The transport arrangement according to Fig. 22 corresponds essentially to the transport arrangement in Fig. 8 , The lattice boom element width B _max is based on the working arrangement in Fig. 21 relative to the minimum transport element width B _min in Fig. 22 significantly reduced.

Despite the comparatively simplified construction of the lattice mast element without connecting elements, a torque-rigid connection of the transverse elements 22 with one another is possible. This is achieved in that the connecting axles 27 are formed by pairs of mutually aligned openings of the transverse elements 22. The openings are aligned exclusively in the working arrangement of the lattice mast element Fig. 21 , In the aligned openings bolts are inserted for stiffening.

Fig. 24 to 29 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 23 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

Compared to the preceding embodiments, the lattice mast element 15 differs in that the connecting element 33, in addition to the connection of two transverse elements 22, the binding of four stiffening elements 24 allows. Of these, two stiffening elements are arranged along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 above or below the transverse elements 11. This makes it possible that only one connecting element 33 is required for a lattice mast element 15. A lattice mast element 15 according to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 24 to Fig. 29 allows a reduction in the use of materials and thus a cost reduction and weight reduction. In addition, the stiffening elements 24 of a lattice mast element 15 extend along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 across the fork / Ösenteile 31 away to an adjacent lattice mast element 15. This is an in Fig. 29 indicated lattice boom with several lattice tower elements 15 additionally stiffened along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13.

For the relocation of the in Fig. 27 shown work arrangement in the in Fig. 28 Transport arrangement shown are all stiffening elements 24 and the on the connecting element 33 on each of a connecting axis 27 dissolved cross members 22 in one direction, according to Fig. 28 down, tilted and V-shaped in one another. Such a transport arrangement of the lattice mast element 15 is particularly advantageous because the transport length is minimal and corresponds to the length of the longitudinal elements 21 along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. This means that the transverse elements 22 and the connecting elements 24 in the in Fig. 28 shown transport arrangement along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 does not survive on the longitudinal elements 21.

FIGS. 30 and 31 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. The lattice mast element 15 substantially corresponds to the lattice mast element according to the first embodiment in FIG Fig. 7 , wherein the two connecting elements 34 are rigidly interconnected by a longitudinal rod 35. The longitudinal bar 35 may in particular also be designed as a longitudinal surface support structure. The lattice mast element has an increased rigidity. The shift from the work arrangement to Fig. 30 in the transport arrangement in Fig. 31 is stable feasible because all components to be moved, ie the coupled together connecting elements 34 and the pivotally hinged thereto cross members 22 and stiffening elements 24 are moved together.

FIGS. 32 and 33 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 31 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The lattice mast element 15 according to this embodiment essentially corresponds to the lattice mast element according to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 30, 31 , The essential difference is that a drive element 41 is provided. The drive element 41 is listed according to the embodiment shown as a piston-cylinder unit in the form of a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder 41 has a cylinder rod 42, which is articulated on the longitudinal rod 35 about a parallel to the z-axis oriented pivot axis. The drive element 41 is telescopic in that the cylinder rod 42 can be retracted and retracted from a cylinder housing 43 along a cylinder longitudinal axis 44. For this purpose, the hydraulic cylinder 41 is connected by means not shown hydraulic lines to a hydraulic unit of the crane. The cylinder housing 43 is pivotally connected to one of the transverse elements 22 with two articulation rods 45 each.

In the in Fig. 32 shown working arrangement of the lattice mast element 15, the cylinder rod 42, in particular maximum, extended from the cylinder housing 43. The shift from the in Fig. 32 shown work arrangement in the in Fig. 33 shown transport arrangement of the lattice mast element 15 is carried out substantially analogously to the method, which is based on the embodiment in FIGS. 30 and 31 is described, to which reference is hereby made. The shift between the arrangements according to FIGS. 32 and 33 is additionally facilitated by the drive element 41 is actuated. Starting from the work arrangement in Fig. 32 will the Cylinder rod 42 along the cylinder longitudinal axis 44 retracted into the cylinder housing 43. As a result, the distance from the pivot axis 46 to the pivot axis 47 is reduced and the folding process of the lattice mast element 15 is supported.

The drive element 41 may also be an electric motor operated spindle drive or a hydraulic cylinder.

In the in Fig. 33 shown transport arrangement of the lattice mast element 15, the cylinder rod 42 in the cylinder housing 43, in particular completely, retracted.

FIGS. 34 to 36 show a further embodiment of an adapter lattice mast element 14. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 33 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The adapter lattice mast element 14 essentially corresponds to that in FIG FIGS. 16 and 17 Adapter lattice mast element 14. The essential difference is that the two connecting elements 23 are connected to one another by a longitudinal rod 35. At a first, in Fig. 34 shown above, connecting element 23, the longitudinal bar 35 is integrally formed. At a second, in Fig. 34 below, connecting element 23, the longitudinal rod 35 is slidably guided along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. In particular, the connection of the connecting elements 23 by the longitudinal rod 35 is not rigid. The guide of the longitudinal rod 35 on the connecting element 23 is in the partially sectioned detail in FIG Fig. 36 schematically by guide elements 48 in the form of a sliding feedthrough 49 shown. This means that the longitudinal rod 35 can be passed through an opening formed by the sliding bushing 49. An outer diameter of the longitudinal rod 35 is smaller than or equal to, and in particular smaller than, an inner diameter of the opening of the sliding passage 49.

To make a shift from the in Fig. 34 shown working arrangement of the adapter lattice mast element 14 in the in Fig. 35 To facilitate the transport arrangement shown, a drive element 41 is provided. The drive element 41 corresponds to the drive element according to the preceding embodiment. Regarding the mechanism for shifting the adapter lattice mast element 14 between the two in FIGS. 34 and 35 The arrangements shown are based on the explanations to the embodiment according to FIGS. 16 and 17 directed.

FIGS. 37 to 39 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 36 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The lattice mast element 15 differs from the previous embodiments essentially in that the stiffening elements 24 are not arranged diamond-shaped, but diagonally with respect to the load surface. The longitudinal elements 21 are connected to each other by a respective transverse element 22. For displacing the lattice mast element 15 from a working arrangement into a transport arrangement, the connections between the elements shown are released. In particular, the fact that only five elements per lattice mast element are required, namely two longitudinal elements 21, two transverse elements 22 and a stiffening element 24, disassembly can be done quickly and easily. In particular, it is possible that only four connection points, namely in the corner regions of the payload area, have to be released in order to transport the two longitudinal elements 21. The two transverse elements 22 can be folded laterally on the stiffening element 24. The effort for a shift from the transport arrangement in the work arrangement is reduced.

FIGS. 40 to 42 show a further embodiment of a lattice mast element 15. Components which correspond to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 39 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The lattice mast element 15 essentially corresponds to the lattice mast element 15 according to FIG Fig. 4 , The main difference is that the longitudinal elements 21 and cross members 22 are indeed designed as a surface structures but not in one piece. This goes in particular from the exploded view in Fig. 41 out. The longitudinal elements 21 and the transverse elements 22 are each formed from a plurality of individual components 50 which can be bolted together. This means that the individual components 50 are releasably connectable to each other. The individual components 50 of the longitudinal elements 21 have, in particular along the x-axis, ie parallel to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20, oriented belt elements. The belt elements are bolted together by several zero rods and cross bars. Correspondingly, the individual components 50 of the transverse elements 22 comprise belt elements oriented parallel to the y-axis, ie along the lattice mast element width direction, which are each connected by a plurality of zero rods oriented parallel to the z-axis and crossbars arranged therebetween.

Contrary to the embodiment according to Fig. 4, 5 the stiffening elements 24 are not designed as a surface structure. The stiffening elements 24 each comprise two individual connecting rods 51 which are oriented parallel to the payload surface. In particular, since pivoting of the elements relative to one another is omitted in the embodiment shown, an embodiment of the stiffening elements 24 as a surface supporting structure is not required. In particular, it is not necessary that the rods 51 of the stiffening elements 24 are held self-supporting during pivoting.

In particular, all individual components 50, 51 according to the lattice mast element 15 in FIG FIGS. 40 to 42 detachably interconnected, and in particular bolted together. The space required in a transport arrangement can be significantly reduced by releasing all detachable connections for transport.

According to the concrete Ausfühningsbeispiel in Fig. 42 the individual components 50 of the transverse elements 22 are designed as tubular elements with circular cross-section. Other cross-sectional shapes are possible, for example a rectangular or a square cross-section. The tubular elements have at their ends in each case connecting straps with which they can be bolted directly to the individual components 50 of the longitudinal elements 21. The individual components 50 of the longitudinal elements 21 are also designed as tubular elements. The tubular elements of the longitudinal elements each have a rectangular cross-section which corresponds to that of in Fig. 15 shown representation corresponds. Between in each case an upper individual component 50 and a lower individual component 50 of the transverse elements 22 or between in each case an upper individual component 50 and a lower individual component 50 of the longitudinal elements 21 are respectively at least a zero rod 29 and / or at least one diagonal bar 30 is provided. The zero bars 29 and diagonal bars 30 each serve to stiffen the longitudinal elements 21 and the transverse elements 22 in itself. The zero bars 29 and the diagonal bars 30 thus allow a rigid configuration of the frame parts of the lattice mast element 15. Stiffening of the lattice mast element 15 itself is effected by the four stiffening elements 24. The stiffening elements 24 each comprise two individual components 51 spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the payload surface Individual components 51 are each directly connected by means of a bolt with the individual components 50 of the transverse elements 22 and the longitudinal elements 21. According to the embodiment shown, in each case a stiffening element 24 connects a longitudinal element 21 with a transverse element 22.

In a lattice mast formed from a plurality of lattice mast elements 15 according to the embodiment shown, the lattice mast elements 15 are arranged one behind the other along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. This means that the intermediate walls formed by the transverse elements 22 are arranged along the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 spaced from each other and perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 and in particular parallel to each other. For this purpose, 21 each connecting tabs 53 are provided on the front side of the longitudinal elements. The connecting tabs extend along the lattice pole longitudinal axis 20 and allow a bolt connection of two adjacent lattice mast elements 15 with a bolt, which is oriented in particular parallel to the transverse elements 22.

The lattice mast element essentially has a frame structure which is formed by the longitudinal elements 21 and the transverse elements 22. The Frame structure has a flat rectangular hollow profile that defines the payload area. Perpendicular to the load surface extends a profile element longitudinal axis 54a. The profile element longitudinal axis 54a is oriented perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. Contrary to that from the US 2002/0053550 A1 pursued approach, in which the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 is identical to the profile element longitudinal axis 54a, and in which formed by the straps top and bottom fillets, is provided in the lattice mast element according to the invention that the longitudinal elements 21 zero bars 29 and diagonal bars 30 have as filler rods in that corner regions between longitudinal elements 21 and transverse elements 22 are stiffened by stiffening elements 24. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the belt elements 28 for the longitudinal elements 21 according to Fig. 15 An improved transverse rigidity can be achieved in order to reduce the number of stiffening elements 24 used. As a result, this means that the profile element longitudinal axis 54a is oriented perpendicular to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20. The orientation of the profile element longitudinal axis 54a to the lattice mast element longitudinal axis 20 applies in particular to all other embodiments of the lattice mast elements according to the invention. This orientation of the axes 20, 54a to each other is characteristic of the embodiment of a grate mast according to the invention.

Fig. 43 shows a further embodiment of a lattice boom 11 with adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 and arranged therebetween lattice mast elements 54. The adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 substantially correspond to those in Fig. 12 shown. The adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 have a substantially trapezoidal payload surface in the plane of the drawing. The longitudinal elements 21 of the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 can along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 a variable Have height. This means that the longitudinal elements 21 of the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 are designed in particular not rectangular and in particular trapezoidal. For example, a height of the lattice mast members 54 in a direction perpendicular to the payload surface is greater than a height of a header and / or foot to which the adapter lattice mast members 14, 16 are hinged. By the trapezoidal shape of the longitudinal elements 21 predetermined inclination angle is a few degrees, in particular at most 5 °, in particular at most 4 °, in particular at most 3 °, in particular at most 2 ° and in particular at most 1.5 °.

Opposite the lattice boom in Fig. 12 the connecting elements 23 are uncomplicated. The connecting elements 23 are fastened to the transverse elements 22, which are made in one piece along the transverse direction. The connecting element 23 is a connecting strap, which is integrally attached to the cross member 22. In this case, the connecting element 23 is part of the transverse element 22. The connecting element 23 serves for connecting the stiffening elements 24 to the transverse element 22. The connecting elements 23 according to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 43 are not intended to interconnect multiple cross members. A major reason for this is that the connecting elements according to the Ausfühningsbeispiel shown do not necessarily have to fulfill a folding or folding function. The exemplary embodiment shown of the lattice boom 11 has, each individually connectable and releasable components. This means that the individual components 50, 51 of the longitudinal elements 21, the transverse elements 22 and the stiffening elements 24 are detachably connected to one another, in particular are bolted.

Between the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 at least one lattice mast element 54 is arranged. In particular, several, for example at least five, at least ten or more than ten lattice mast elements 54 are arranged between the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13.

In the lattice mast element 54 is opposite to in Fig. 12 shown embodiment, the arrangement of in Fig. 43 lower cross member 22 with the hinged thereto stiffening elements 24 relative to the embodiment in Fig. 12 changed. In each case a transverse element 22 with the stiffening elements 24 hinged thereto has a substantially K-shaped structure. In the lattice mast element 54, the K-shaped structures in the same orientation along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 are arranged one behind the other. Such a lattice mast element 54 has a double K-bandage. In the lattice mast element 54 thus two substantially identical K-bandages along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 are arranged one behind the other. The lattice mast element 54 has a closed, in Fig. 43 arranged above K-bandage and an open, in Fig. 43 arranged below K-bandage. The lattice mast element 54 is thus a double K-bandage which is open on one side. In the closed K-bandage, the cross member 22 of the lower K-band closes an opening of the upper K-band. In the latticed mast member 54 having the closed K-dressing, which has two cross members 22, the stiffening members 24 are not in the diamond-shaped arrangement according to Fig. 12 arranged.

In Fig. 44 Another lattice boom 55 is shown. The lattice boom 55 substantially corresponds to the in Fig. 43 shown embodiment. The main difference is that the individual lattice mast elements are smaller. For example, the adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16 are designed in such a two-part that two together the grid mast element 14 and 16 connectable adapter lattice mast part elements 56, 57 are provided. The each arranged on the outside, that is provided at an upper end or a lower end adapter lattice mast part element 56 is used for connecting the lattice boom 55 to a head piece or to a foot of a crane. The adapter lattice mast member 56 is a simple, closed K-lattice and essentially constitutes an outer portion of the adapter lattice mast members 14 and 16, respectively. The respective inner lattice mast member members 57 are provided for attachment to the widened lattice mast members 58. The adapter grid mast part elements 57 are each designed as a simple, open K-bandage. The adapter lattice mast elements 57 have only one transverse element 22. Each adapter lattice mast member 57 has two longitudinal members 21 which are interconnected by the cross member 22. Furthermore, the adapter lattice mast part element 57 has two stiffening elements 24. Each stiffening element 24 is arranged between the transverse element 22 and one of the longitudinal elements 21. The stiffening elements 24 are used for direct connection of the transverse element 22 with one of the longitudinal elements 21st

The adapter lattice mast member members 57 are each opened in a direction to the other adapter lattice mast member 56. On a side opposite the open side of the adapter lattice mast part element 57, the transverse element 22 is provided, which faces the respective lattice mast element 58.

The lattice mast elements 58 are each designed as a simple, open K-bandage. The lattice mast elements 58 have two longitudinal elements 21, the two longitudinal elements interconnecting transverse element 22 and two stiffening elements 24. The stiffening elements 24 connect each the cross member 22 with one of the longitudinal elements 21. The in Fig. 44 Lattice mast element 58 shown corresponds essentially to one half of the lattice mast element 54 in FIG Fig. 43 , This means in particular that a series arrangement of two lattice mast elements 58 substantially a lattice mast element 54 according to Fig. 43 can be formed. The modularity of the lattice boom 55 in Fig. 44 is improved. In particular, due to the reduced size of the module elements 56, 57 and 58, the variability of the components is improved. The lattice boom 55 may have a plurality of lattice mast members 58 along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. In particular, the number of lattice mast elements 58 can be varied essentially as desired in order to achieve a desired overall length of the lattice boom 55. For representational reasons alone is in Fig. 44 only one lattice mast element 58 is shown.

FIGS. 45 and 46 show another embodiment of a lattice boom 36. Components corresponding to those described above with reference to FIGS Fig. 1 to 44 already described, bear the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.

The side view of the lattice boom 36 according to Fig. 45 corresponds essentially to the side view according to Fig. 2 , The lattice boom 36 has two substantially identical lattice boom strands 37. The lattice mast element strands are arranged symmetrically with respect to the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. The lattice mast elements 15 of a lattice mast element strand 37 are in comparison to the lattice mast elements of the lattice boom 11 in Fig. 2, 3rd rotated by 90 ° relative to the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. In the lattice boom 36, the lattice mast elements 15 are oriented such that the luffing axis 6 is oriented perpendicular to the payload surface. The vertical at the lattice boom 36 to luffing axis 6 oriented lattice mast element width B corresponds to a lattice mast element strand height, which is identical to a lattice mast height h. The individual lattice mast element strands 37 have a lattice mast element strand height that is greater than a lattice mast element strand width. The lattice mast height h is oriented perpendicular to the payload surface. The lattice mast height h is oriented perpendicular to a plane spanned by the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 and the luffing axis 6. The lattice mast element strand width, which corresponds to the lattice mast element height, is oriented parallel to the luff axis 6. A lattice mast width b oriented in parallel to the luffing axis 6 is defined by the spaced lattice mast element strands 37. A distance a of the lattice mast element strands 37 is defined by the distance between the two lattice mast element strand longitudinal axes 52 oriented parallel to the rocking axis 6. In an in Fig. 46 Below illustrated first portion of the lattice boom 36, the lattice boom strands 37 have a first distance a ₁ . The resulting first lattice mast width b ₁ is the sum of the first distance a ₁ and the lattice mast element strand width. This applies analogously in a second, in Fig. 46 The area of the lattice boom 36 shown above for a second distance a ₂ and a second lattice mast width b ₂ . In particular, the described relationship applies to the lattice boom 36 in general. The lattice mast width b is greater than the lattice mast height h. The lattice mast width b is at least partially variable along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. This means that the lattice boom 36 due to the rotated arrangement of the lattice mast elements 15 and their spaced positioning each other in a direction perpendicular to the Wippachse 6 and the lattice mast longitudinal plane 13 direction has increased rigidity.

The lattice boom 36 has in addition to the lattice mast elements 15 adapter lattice mast elements 14, 16. Furthermore, a foot member 12 and a head member 18 and other lattice mast elements 17 are provided with reduced payload surface.

In addition, sufficient carrying capacity in a perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 45 , ie in the drawing plane according to Fig. 46 To achieve, the lattice boom 36 is two-stranded with two substantially identical lattice pole strands 37 executed. Relative to the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13, the lattice mast element strands 37 are arranged at a distance from one another. In the area of the foot elements 12, the lattice mast element strands 37 have a maximum spacing. The foot elements 12 are arranged parallel to each other. The foot elements 12 are each pivotally hinged to the rocking axis 6. At an opposite end, the foot elements 12 are each connected to each other by means of a cross-beam. This serves to stiffen the lattice boom 36 for a connection of the lattice boom strands 37. The crossbeam 38 is in particular made of lattice mast elements. To the crossbar 38 close along the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13, the adapter lattice mast elements 14, the lattice mast elements 15 and the adapter lattice mast elements 16 at. Above the adapter lattice mast elements 16, a further crossbeam 39 for connecting the two lattice mast element strands 37 is provided. Between the two crossbeams 38, 39, the lattice mast element strands 37 are arranged inclined relative to the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13. The lattice boom 36 is designed substantially A-shaped. The lattice mast elements 17 are oriented parallel to the lattice mast longitudinal axis 13 in an area above the crossbeam 39. Between the lattice mast elements 17 and the head elements 18, a further cross-member 40 is provided for further stiffening of the lattice boom 36.

Claims (15)

1. Lattice mast element for a crane, comprising

   a. at least two longitudinal elements (21),

   b. a transverse element (22) interconnecting the longitudinal elements (21), and

   c. at least one stiffening element (24) for bracing the lattice mast element (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58) by interconnecting the longitudinal elements (21) and the transverse element (22), characterized in that

   d. the longitudinal elements (21) and the transverse element (22) define a load bearing surface (19) of the lattice mast element (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58), and

   e. the longitudinal elements (21), the transverse element (22) and the stiffening element (24) are each configured as a two-dimensional load bearing structure,

   the at least one stiffening element (24) interconnects a longitudinal element (21) with the transverse element (22) to brace a corner region between the longitudinal element (21) and the transverse element (22).
2. Lattice mast element according to claim 1, characterized by a lattice mast element width (B) greater than a lattice mast element height (H) oriented perpendicular to the load bearing surface (19), wherein in particular B > 2 · H, in particular B > 3 · H, and in particular B > 4 · H.
3. Lattice mast element according to claim 2, characterized in that the lattice mast element width (B) is adjustable between a minimum lattice mast element width (B_min) and a maximum lattice mast element width (B_max) by a variable arrangement of the longitudinal elements (21) relative to each other.
4. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least four stiffening elements (24) which are arranged parallel to the load bearing surface (19) in an in particular rhombical shape.
5. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (21) are configured as a truss, as a frame or as a girder.
6. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (21) and/or the transverse elements (22) each have two chord elements (28) arranged at a distance from each other along a height, wherein in particular the axial geometrical moment of inertia thereof about a z-axis is greater than the axial geometrical moment of inertia thereof about a y-axis oriented perpendicular to the z-axis.
7. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least two transverse elements (22) which, in a working arrangement of the lattice mast element (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58), are interconnected in a torque-proof manner about a z-axis oriented perpendicular to the load bearing surface (19) and which, in a transport arrangement of the lattice mast element (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58), are interconnected about a z-axis oriented perpendicular to the load bearing surface (19) in an articulated manner.
8. Lattice mast element according to claim 7, characterized by in each case one connection element (23; 33; 34) interconnecting the transverse elements (22).
9. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a rectangular or trapezoidal load bearing surface (19).
10. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one drive element (14) for the driven displacement of the lattice mast element from a working arrangement into a transport arrangement and vice versa.
11. Lattice mast element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (21) and in particular the transverse elements (22) are each made of multiple parts and in particular comprise a plurality of individual components (50, 51) which are interconnectable detachably, in particular using bolts.
12. Lattice boom, comprising

    a. at least one lattice mast element strand (37),

    b. a head element (18) connected to the at least one lattice mast element strand (37), and

    c. a foot element (12) connected to the at least one lattice mast element strand (37),

    wherein the at least one lattice mast element strand (37) comprises at least one lattice mast element (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58) according to one of the preceding claims.
13. Lattice boom according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one lattice mast element strand (37) comprises a plurality of lattice mast elements (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58) arranged one behind the other along a lattice mast longitudinal axis (13).
14. Lattice boom according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by two lattice mast element strands (37) which are arranged parallel or at an angle relative to each other at least in sections, wherein the lattice mast elements (14; 15; 16; 54; 56; 57; 58) are arranged in such a way that the lattice mast element strands (37) have a lattice mast element strand height oriented perpendicular to a luffing axis (6) at least in sections, said lattice mast element strand height being greater than a lattice mast element strand width oriented along the luffing axis (6).
15. Crane comprising at least one lattice boom (7; 11; 36) according to one of claims 12 to 14, the lattice boom (7; 11; 36) being adapted to perform a luffing movement about a luffing axis (6).

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