EP3022326B1 - Impregnation d'un revêtement hvof par un lubrifiant - Google Patents

Impregnation d'un revêtement hvof par un lubrifiant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3022326B1
EP3022326B1 EP14744494.7A EP14744494A EP3022326B1 EP 3022326 B1 EP3022326 B1 EP 3022326B1 EP 14744494 A EP14744494 A EP 14744494A EP 3022326 B1 EP3022326 B1 EP 3022326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
pores
lubricant
lubricating agent
hvof
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EP14744494.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3022326A1 (fr
Inventor
Francis Monerie-Moulin
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of protecting a metal substrate coated by HVOF process.
  • HVOF for high velocity oxy-fuel
  • HVOF is meant a projection method using a combustion of a fuel with the aid of an oxidant to generate gases, these gases making it possible to eject the powder mixture on a substrate at speeds and temperatures sufficiently high that the sprayed powder mixture clings to this substrate and forms a coating layer thereon.
  • the coating layers thus deposited are known to be very dense, and it is usual to improve the frictional qualities of a mechanical part thus coated by greasing.
  • the grease is applied for example during the insertion of the piece in the mechanism in which it must take place and in which it is likely to come into contact with another piece during a relative movement.
  • the WC-Co-Cr layer was previously machined (for example by grinding) to give the part thus coated the desired dimension.
  • JP-A-2002 194523 offers a WC-Co-Cr HVOF layer impregnated with a polymer to improve lubrication.
  • the object of the invention is to protect a HVOF coated metal substrate with a coating, preferably a WC-Co-Cr coating, to avoid the risk of naked friction.
  • a method of protecting a HVOF-coated metal substrate with a preferentially WC-Co-Cr type coating comprising the application on the coating of a lubricating agent which comprises solid lubricant particles incorporated into a fluid having a sufficiently low surface tension to penetrate pores of the coating and entrain the solid lubricant particles therein.
  • HVOF-deposited coatings and in particular type WC-Co-Cr-type coatings although very dense, have a large interconnected porosity, which can exceed 15%, with a size of very small pores (typically of the order of 350 nanometers).
  • the existence of such pores has hitherto gone unnoticed, since such small pores are generally not detected by porosity measurement methods by image analysis at x200 to x400 magnifications commonly used in industry.
  • such pores can be evidenced by mercury porosimetry, which also makes it possible to demonstrate significant pore connectivity.
  • the application of the lubricating agent containing the lubricant particles is carried out in an environment under vacuum, vacuum or overpressure with respect to atmospheric pressure.
  • a low pressure such as an air vacuum and a high pressure of the environment.
  • a mechanical sealing operation at least partial, of the pores of the coating is carried out by machining and / or or rectifying and / or polishing a surface portion of this coating.
  • the mechanical operation of machining and / or grinding and / or polishing has the effect of plastically deforming at least some of the pores located near the surface of the coating (that is to say in a superficial zone of the coating layer). This operation allows to close, at least partially, some of the pores on the surface of the coating which limits the passage of release of the lubricant introduced into the network of interconnected pores.
  • the lubricant is made accessible from the outside of the coating only at the open pores opening outwardly of the coating.
  • the closed or partially closed pores open and release a part of the lubricant they contain.
  • the coating thus has an integrated lubricating function which releases its lubricant at the same time as it wears out.
  • HVOF process sliding rods of undercarriages made of high-strength steel (300M steel according to the AMS 6257 standard, or Aermet 100 steel according to the AMS 6532 standard, heat-treated to 1900 -2000 megapascals) with a WC-10Co-4Cr type coating with an average agglomerates size of 15-45 micrometers, obtained from standard elementary tungsten carbide (from 1 to 4 micrometers).
  • the lubricating agent chosen is prepared from a water-repellent fluid of WADIS24 type from SOCOMORE FINISHING SOLUTIONS.
  • the fluid is enriched by incorporating solid lubricant particles, for example graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide.
  • solid lubricant particles for example graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide.
  • the lubricating agent is deposited by brush or by spray on the coating.
  • the fluid forms a monomolecular film impervious to the surface of the coating and creeps into the pores of the coating, dragging with it solid lubricant particles.
  • the recommended fluid is compatible with mineral oils, so that the workpiece can be quickly brought into contact with another lubricant. However, should this lubricant fail during the life of the part, the self-lubricating mechanism would take over to protect the part from a risk of naked rubbing.
  • the fluid has the effect of driving water from the surface of the rod and thus contributes to the protection of the rod against corrosion.
  • Such treatment can be performed while the coating has been ground. However, such treatment can be done before rectification, because it increases the penetration of the lubricant in the open pores preferentially interconnected with each other (the rectification has the effect of closing pores located on the surface of the coating). Therefore the lubricant is released as and when the wear of the coating and in particular as the wear of closed or partially closed pores that contain lubricant.
  • the lubricating agent described here contains a water-repellent fluid WADIS24
  • any other fluid having a surface tension sufficiently low to promote its penetration into the pores of the coating for example perchlorethylene.
  • WADIS24 water-repellent fluid
  • any other fluid having a surface tension sufficiently low to promote its penetration into the pores of the coating for example perchlorethylene.
  • micrometric molybdenum disulfide, graphite, mixed with an inorganic binder, for example sodium silicate, wetted with perchlorethylene will be used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

  • L'invention est relative à un procédé de protection d'un substrat métallique revêtu par procédé HVOF.
    • ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION
  • Depuis quelques années, et notamment dans le secteur aéronautique, les revêtements par dépôt de chrome dur sont progressivement remplacés par des dépôts d'un mélange pulvérulent WC-Co-Cr (le mélange pulvérulent contient du Carbure de tungstène, du Cobalt et du Chrome) par procédé HVOF (pour high velocity oxy-fuel). Par HVOF on entend un procédé de projection utilisant une combustion d'un combustible à l'aide d'un comburant afin de générer des gaz, ces gaz permettant d'éjecter le mélange pulvérulent sur un substrat à des vitesses et températures suffisamment élevées pour que le mélange pulvérulent projeté s'accroche sur ce substrat et y forme une couche de revêtement.
  • En général, les couches de revêtement ainsi déposées sont réputées très denses, et il est usuel d'améliorer les qualités de frottement d'une pièce mécanique ainsi revêtue par graissage. La graisse est appliquée par exemple lors de l'insertion de la pièce dans le mécanisme dans lequel elle doit prendre place et dans lequel elle est susceptible d'entrer en contact avec une autre pièce lors d'un déplacement relatif. Bien entendu, la couche de WC-Co-Cr a été préalablement usinée (par exemple par rectification) pour donner à la pièce ainsi revêtue la cote désirée.
  • Cependant, au cours du fonctionnement du mécanisme, la graisse peut disparaître du contact, et provoquer une modification brutale des conditions de frottement entre les deux pièces consécutive au frottement nu, entraînant à la fois une chute de qualités de glissement des pièces, et une usure accélérée. La solution classique est un graissage à fréquence suffisante pour éviter la disparition totale de la graisse. Cependant, il peut exister des circonstances (oubli du graissage, utilisation particulièrement intense au-delà de ce qui a été prévu) qui font que la disparition du graissage n'est pas impossible. JP-A-2002 194523 propose une couche WC-Co-Cr HVOF imprégnée avec un polymère pour améliorer la lubrification.
    • OBJET DE L'INVENTION
  • L'invention a pour objet protéger un substrat métallique revêtu par procédé HVOF d'un revêtement, préférentiellement un revêtement de type WC-Co-Cr, pour éviter le risque de frottement nu.
    • RESUME DE L'INVENTION
  • En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose un procédé de protection d'un substrat métallique revêtu par procédé HVOF d'un revêtement préférentiellement de type WC-Co-Cr, comprenant l'application sur le revêtement d'un agent lubrifiant qui comprend de particules de lubrifiant solide incorporées dans un fluide ayant une tension superficielle suffisamment basse pour pénétrer dans des pores du revêtement et y entraîner les particules de lubrifiant solide.
  • En effet, les inventeurs se sont aperçus que les revêtements déposés par procédé HVOF et en particulier les revêtements de type de type WC-Co-Cr, bien que très denses, présentent une porosité interconnectée importante, pouvant dépasser 15%, avec une taille de pores très petite (typiquement de l'ordre de 350 nanomètres). L'existence de tels pores est jusqu'à présent passée inaperçue, car des pores aussi petits ne sont généralement pas détectés par les méthodes de mesure de porosité par analyse d'images à des grossissements de x200 à x400 habituellement utilisées dans l'industrie. Cependant, de tels pores peuvent être mis en évidence par porosimétrie mercure, qui permet également de mettre en évidence une connectivité des pores importante.
  • Dès lors, en choisissant un agent lubrifiant dont le fluide présente une tension superficielle suffisamment faible induisant une action capillaire suffisante pour s'infiltrer dans les porosités et fissures du revêtement, on introduit dans l'épaisseur même du revêtement le lubrifiant solide, qui se répartit dans l'épaisseur du revêtement du fait de la connectivité très élevée des pores.
  • On crée ainsi une surface autolubrifiante dont le lubrifiant solide se libère et exerce son pouvoir lubrifiant au fur et à mesure de l'usure du revêtement, sans qu'il soit besoin de relubrifier.
  • Idéalement, l'application de l'agent lubrifiant contenant les particules de lubrifiant est réalisée dans un environnement mis en dépression, sous vide ou mis en surpression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique. Lors de l'application de l'agent lubrifiant, on peut aussi faire varier la pression entre une pression basse, telle qu'un vide d'air et une pression haute de l'environnement. On cherche ici à faciliter la pénétration du lubrifiant dans les pores pour correctement imprégner les revêtements déposés.
  • Idéalement, après application de l'agent lubrifiant et une fois que du lubrifiant s'est introduit dans le réseau de pores ouverts interconnectés du revêtement, on réalise une opération d'obturation mécanique, au moins partielle, de pores du revêtement par usinage et/ou rectification et/ou polissage d'une portion superficielle de ce revêtement. L'opération mécanique d'usinage et/ou de rectification et/ou de polissage a pour effet de déformer plastiquement certains au moins des pores situés à proximité de la surface du revêtement (c'est-à-dire dans une zone superficielle de la couche de revêtement). Cette opération permet de refermer, au moins partiellement, certains des pores situés à la surface du revêtement ce qui limite le passage de libération du lubrifiant introduit dans le réseau de pores interconnectés. On crée ainsi un revêtement présentant un réseau de pores interconnecté contenant du lubrifiant et dont certains des pores placés à proximité de la surface externe du revêtement sont bouchés et d'autres sont ouverts. Ainsi le lubrifiant n'est rendu accessible depuis l'extérieur du revêtement qu'au niveau des pores ouverts débouchant vers l'extérieur du revêtement. Au fur et à mesure de l'usure du revêtement, les pores obturés ou partiellement obturés s'ouvrent et libèrent une part du lubrifiant qu'ils contiennent. Le revêtement présente ainsi à fonction lubrifiante intégrée qui libère son lubrifiant en même temps qu'il s'use.
    • DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION
  • A titre d'exemple, on propose de revêtir par procédé HVOF des tiges coulissantes d'atterrisseurs réalisées en acier à haute résistance (en acier 300M selon la norme AMS 6257, ou en acier Aermet 100 selon la norme AMS 6532, traités thermiquement à 1900-2000 Mégapascals) avec un revêtement de type WC-10Co-4Cr avec une dimension moyenne d'agglomérats de 15-45 micromètres, obtenue à partir de carbure de tungstène élémentaire standard (de 1 à 4 micromètres).
  • L'agent lubrifiant choisi est élaboré à partir d'un fluide hydrofuge de type WADIS24 de la société SOCOMORE FINISHING SOLUTIONS. Dans le cadre de l'invention, le fluide est enrichi en y incorporant des particules de lubrifiant solide, par exemple du graphite, du disulfure de molybdène, du disulfure de tungstène. Bien entendu, on prendra soin que les lubrifiants solides ainsi introduits aient une taille suffisamment faible pour pouvoir pénétrer des les pores du revêtement.
  • L'agent lubrifiant est déposé au pinceau ou par pulvérisation sur le revêtement. Le fluide forme un film monomoléculaire étanche à la surface du revêtement et s'insinue dans les pores du revêtement en entraînant avec lui les particules de lubrifiant solide.
  • On obtient ainsi une pièce avec un revêtement HVOF autolubrifié dont les lubrifiants solides sont progressivement libérés lors de l'usure en service du revêtement.
  • Le fluide préconisé est compatible avec les huiles minérales, de sorte que la pièce peut être mise rapidement en contact avec un autre lubrifiant. Cependant, si ce lubrifiant venait à manquer lors de la vie de la pièce, le mécanisme d'autolubrification prendrait le relais pour protéger la pièce d'un risque de frottement nu.
  • Par ailleurs, le fluide a pour action de chasser l'eau de la surface de la tige et concourt donc à la protection de la tige contre la corrosion.
  • Un tel traitement peut être effectué alors que le revêtement a été rectifié. Cependant, un tel traitement peut se faire avant rectification, car cela augmente la pénétration du lubrifiant dans les pores ouverts préférentiellement interconnectés entre eux (la rectification a pour effet de refermer des pores situés en surface du revêtement). Dès lors le lubrifiant est libéré au fur et à mesure de l'usure du revêtement et en particulier au fur et à mesure de l'usure des pores fermés ou partiellement fermés qui contiennent du lubrifiant.
  • L'invention n'est pas limitée à ce qui vient d'être décrit, mais englobe au contraire toute variante entrant dans le cadre défini par les revendications.
  • En particulier, bien que l'agent lubrifiant décrit ici contienne un fluide hydrofuge WADIS24, on pourra bien sûr utiliser tout autre fluide ayant une tension superficielle suffisamment basse pour favoriser sa pénétration dans les pores du revêtement, par exemple du perchloréthylène. Par exemple, on utilisera du disulfure de molybdène micrométrique, du graphite, mélangés avec un agent liant inorganique, par exemple du silicate de sodium, le tout mouillé par du perchloréthylène.

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé de protection d'un substrat métallique revêtu par procédé HVOF d'un revêtement, comprenant l'application sur le revêtement d'un agent lubrifiant qui comprend des particules de lubrifiant solide incorporées dans un fluide ayant une tension superficielle suffisamment basse pour pénétrer dans les pores du revêtement et y entraîner les particules de lubrifiant solide.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le revêtement est de type WC-Co-Cr.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les particules de lubrifiant solides sont choisies parmi le graphite, le disulfure de molybdène, le disulfure de tungstène.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel après application de l'agent lubrifiant, on réalise une opération mécanique d'obturation, au moins partielle, de pores du revêtement par usinage et/ou rectification et/ou polissage d'une portion superficielle de ce revêtement.
EP14744494.7A 2013-07-17 2014-07-16 Impregnation d'un revêtement hvof par un lubrifiant Active EP3022326B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1357040A FR3008715B1 (fr) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Impregnation d'un revetement hvof par un lubrifiant
PCT/EP2014/065247 WO2015007777A1 (fr) 2013-07-17 2014-07-16 Impregnation d'un revêtement hvof par un lubrifiant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3022326A1 EP3022326A1 (fr) 2016-05-25
EP3022326B1 true EP3022326B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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EP14744494.7A Active EP3022326B1 (fr) 2013-07-17 2014-07-16 Impregnation d'un revêtement hvof par un lubrifiant

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Country Link
US (1) US20160369385A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3022326B1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3008715B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015007777A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160298049A1 (en) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 United Technologies Corporation Solid lubricant filled structural matrix

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US3749559A (en) * 1969-10-20 1973-07-31 Ramsey Corp Piston rings with coating impregnated with antifriction agent
JPH01191771A (ja) * 1988-01-25 1989-08-01 Diesel Kiki Co Ltd 潤滑用被膜の形成方法
DE4418517C1 (de) * 1994-05-27 1995-07-20 Difk Deutsches Inst Fuer Feuer Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Verschließschicht und ihre Verwendung
DE59506236D1 (de) * 1995-02-02 1999-07-22 Sulzer Innotec Ag Gleitverschleissfeste Verbundbeschichtung
JPH11335806A (ja) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 高温用摺動材の製造方法
JP2002194523A (ja) * 2000-12-25 2002-07-10 Toshiba Corp 駆動部品とその製造方法並びに駆動部品を具備した電力用開閉装置
JP3952252B2 (ja) * 2001-01-25 2007-08-01 株式会社フジミインコーポレーテッド 溶射用粉末およびそれを用いた高速フレーム溶射方法
JP2003113462A (ja) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-18 Kawasaki Steel Corp 溶射皮膜の形成方法
EP1994257A2 (fr) * 2006-03-10 2008-11-26 Dynamic Tubular Systems, Inc. Elements tubulaires extensibles pour structures geologiques
US8568827B2 (en) * 2006-11-30 2013-10-29 Caterpillar Inc. Textured coating on a component surface
US20080145649A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 General Electric Protective coatings which provide wear resistance and low friction characteristics, and related articles and methods
US20130171367A1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Grzegorz Jan Kusinski Coating compositions, applications thereof, and methods of forming

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3008715A1 (fr) 2015-01-23
US20160369385A1 (en) 2016-12-22
FR3008715B1 (fr) 2015-08-14
WO2015007777A1 (fr) 2015-01-22
EP3022326A1 (fr) 2016-05-25

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