EP3021317A1 - Device for generating electrohydraulic shock waves - Google Patents
Device for generating electrohydraulic shock waves Download PDFInfo
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- EP3021317A1 EP3021317A1 EP15186264.6A EP15186264A EP3021317A1 EP 3021317 A1 EP3021317 A1 EP 3021317A1 EP 15186264 A EP15186264 A EP 15186264A EP 3021317 A1 EP3021317 A1 EP 3021317A1
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- 206010068150 Acoustic shock Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
- G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating acoustic shock waves by a sparkover between two electrodes.
- the shock waves generated in this way for example, in human medicine or in veterinary medicine stones in body cavities smashed or regeneration and new formation of tissue can be stimulated.
- the spark erosion resulting from repeated sparkover results in a burnup of the opposing electrode tip pair.
- the life of the electrode tips is limited and ranges only one to a maximum of a few treatments. The entire electrode or the electrode tips must then be completely changed.
- a coaxial structure with two superposed electrodes is in the US 5,420,473 disclosed.
- a disadvantage of this arrangement is the large shading by the conical electrodes and the coaxial holder.
- a lateral electrode arrangement is in DE 33 16 837 A1 disclosed. This leads to the breakthrough of the coaxial structure and structurally complicated solutions for example, the replacement of the electrode tips. Further, the non-coaxial electrode tips passed through the vertex impede wave propagation and can cause asymmetries in the sparking.
- the US 4,610,249 discloses an apparatus and method for non-invasively shattering body calculi.
- the device disclosed there has two opposing electrode tips.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves in such a way that a longer life of the electrodes can be achieved, the energy and preferably also the focus point of an initial shock front during the life remain largely constant. In addition, a higher shock wave energy to be achieved with the same power consumption.
- a device for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves comprises a first electrode having a first electrode tip and a second electrode having a second electrode tip at a small distance from the first electrode tip.
- electrode tip can be understood as the part of the electrode shaft from which flashovers can occur.
- electrode tip can be understood as the part of the electrode shaft which burns off during the treatment process.
- the first electrode tip of the first metallic electrode shaft is preferred and the second electrode tip of the second metallic electrode shaft is spaced near the focal zone.
- the electrodes each have a preferably metallic electrode shaft, which in turn in each case has one of the already mentioned electrode tips.
- a part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and / or a part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are straight or curved.
- These straight or curved parts are preferably arranged in a volume around the focal zone, which is comparatively small in relation to the volume of the entire inner region of the reflector. This volume is preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 10%, of the volume of the entire inner region.
- the electrode shafts in the entire inner region of the reflector are straight. According to a further embodiment, both the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are straight in an inner region of the reflector.
- a part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and / or a part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are bent. If there is talk that a part of the electrode shaft facing the electrode tip is bent, this means that the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip preferably lies in one plane and has at each point an, in particular constant, curvature in this plane ,
- An initial shock front is generated by a sparkover between the electrode tips.
- This flashover generates an expanding plasma bubble, which drives the shock wave on its surface and couples it into the surrounding aqueous medium.
- the electrode tips are preferably arranged in or at the focus zone of the specially shaped, preferably ellipsoidal, reflector.
- the shock waves generated by the flashover are focused or condensed by the reflector to a located outside of the reflector therapeutic volume.
- the voltages required for sparkover from 1 to 40 kV are switched to the electrodes via capacitors with capacitances from 1 to 400 nF via a fast, low-resistance switch.
- the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are arranged at an angle between 20 ° and 140 °. Particularly preferred is the angular range between 30 ° and 90 °, and most preferably between 40 ° and 60 °.
- the arrangement is symmetrical to a central axis or to a plane passing through the central axis. Wherein the central axis preferably represents the axis of rotation of an ellipsoidal reflector.
- the tips of the electrodes are chamfered, so that the tip of the first electrode to the tip of the second electrode forms a surface, wherein the two electrode surfaces are preferably aligned parallel to each other and more preferably the central axis extends in the middle between the two electrode surfaces.
- the expression according to which the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are at an angle between 20 ° and 140 ° are arranged so as to understand that a first tangent of a first central axis of the first electrode tip facing part of the first electrode shaft at the point where the first central axis leaves the first electrode tip, and a second tangent of a second central axis of the second electrode tip facing part of second electrode shaft at the location where the second center axis, the second electrode tip leaves, are arranged at an angle between 20 ° and 140 °.
- the arrangement of the electrode tips the shading over the prior art can be significantly reduced, so that, as shown in the figures below, results in a significantly higher energy dissipation.
- the electrodes each comprise a shaft with a conductive material, in particular a metal.
- the electrode shaft consists of steel, tungsten, platinum, graphite, another metal or thermally resistant or impact-resistant alloys.
- each shaft is preferably received in a holder made of preferably conductive material or metal.
- the shaft preferably serves as electrical connection or plug connector.
- At least one electrode tip has an electrode surface which is bevelled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the electrode shaft by an angle which preferably corresponds to half the angle between the two electrodes.
- At least one electrode tip has an electrode surface opposite to a tangent of a center axis of the electrode tip portion of the electrode shaft at the location where the center axis is the electrode tip leaves at an angle which preferably corresponds to half the angle between the first tangent and the second tangent of the two electrodes.
- the diameter of the electrode tip of one electrode is greater than the diameter of the electrode tip of the other electrode.
- the electrodes it is preferable to arrange the electrodes so that the center of the electrodes or electrode surfaces are located within the focus zone of the reflector.
- the center of the electrodes in the region of the focus zone on the central axis of the reflector can be held over a relatively long period or over a larger area of the electrode burnup.
- the ellipsoidal reflector preferably has a vertex near the focus zone at the electrode tips.
- the arrangement of the electrodes in the vicinity of the apex of the reflector an approximately central access and a corresponding compact design of the arrangement are possible.
- the electrodes protrude laterally into the reflector, a substantially larger and more complicated design results from the electrodes projecting laterally outwards from the reflector.
- insulated bushings are to be introduced at two opposite points of the reflector.
- two components must be replaced at different locations on the reflector. According to the embodiments described above, only access to a central location of the reflector is necessary to replace the electrodes.
- a reflector body 11 preferably has an ellipsoidal recess 12, which serves as a reflector on.
- the reflector 12 has an inner region 14.
- this reflector 12 has a focus zone 13, which preferably corresponds to the focal point of an ellipse which describes the reflector 12.
- the reflector 12 has a central axis 15, which is particularly preferably the axis of rotation of a rotationally symmetrical reflector 12.
- a first electrode 20 and a second electrode 30 are disposed in the vicinity of a focus zone 13 (corresponding to the area around the focal point of the ellipse) of the elliptical reflector 12.
- the first electrode 20 has a first electrode tip 21 at the end of an electrode shaft 24 and preferably a first holder 22, which are preferably received in a first insulator 23 and connected to the reflector body 11.
- the second electrode 30 has a second electrode tip 31 at the end of an electrode shaft 34 and preferably a second holder 32, which are preferably accommodated in a second insulator 33 and connected to the reflector body 11.
- an angle 28 is preferably in a range of 20 ° to 140 °. Particularly preferred is the angular range between 30 ° and 90 °, and most preferably between 40 ° and 60 °.
- the device described here can be supplied with high-voltage pulses which are generated, for example, by switching on a charged capacitor via a fast switch to the electrodes.
- voltages in a typical range of 1 to 40 kilovolts can be applied to the electrodes.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified embodiment of an apparatus for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves disclosed.
- a first electrode 41 and a second electrode 42 are integrated in a common insulator 43 to a double electrode arrangement.
- This insulator 43 is in turn received in the reflector body 11.
- the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42 are supplied with high voltage.
- FIG. 3 the electrodes 20 and 30 are each shown in detail as a single electrode. Show here FIGS. 3A and FIG. 3B the electrodes 20 and 30 respectively in detail for the case that the electrode tips facing the parts of the electrode shafts are straight. FIGS. 3C and 3D show the electrodes 20 and 30 respectively in detail for the case that the electrode tips facing the parts of the electrode shafts are bent or curved.
- FIG. 3A shows the electrode 20 in detail, wherein the electrode tip facing parts of the electrode shaft is straight.
- FIG. 3A shows that a preferred electrically conductive first holder 22 receives a preferably metallic first electrode shaft 24.
- the first electrode shaft 24 has a first electrode tip 21, on which preferably a first electrode surface 25 is formed.
- the first electrode shaft 24 is straight in this embodiment, but according to a further embodiment, only at one of the first electrode tip 21 facing part of the first electrode shaft 24 may be straight.
- the electrode tip 21 is bevelled at an angle 29 with respect to a longitudinal axis 26 of the electrode shaft. This angle preferably corresponds to half the angle 28 between the first and second electrodes.
- the holder 22 is preferably the electrical connection of the electrode and may be formed as a connector.
- FIG. 3B shows the electrode 30 in detail, wherein the electrode tip facing parts of the electrode shaft is straight. It can be seen that a preferably electrically conductive second holder 32 receives a preferably metallic second electrode shaft 34.
- This second electrode shaft 34 has a second electrode tip 31, on which preferably a second electrode surface 35 is formed.
- the second electrode shaft 34 is straight in this embodiment, but according to a further embodiment may only be straight on a part of the second electrode shaft 34 facing the second electrode tip 31.
- the second electrode tip 31 is bevelled at an angle 39 with respect to a longitudinal axis 36 of the second electrode shaft 34. This angle preferably corresponds to half the angle 28 between the first and second electrodes.
- the second holder 32 is preferably used for the electrical connection of the electrode and may be formed as a connector.
- FIG. 3C shows the electrode 20 in detail, wherein the tip of the electrode facing the electrode shaft is bent.
- FIG. 3C shows that a preferably electrically conductive first holder 22 receives a preferably metallic first electrode shaft 24.
- the first electrode shaft 24 has a first electrode tip 21, on which preferably a first electrode surface 25 is formed.
- the electrode tip 21 is in FIG. 3C shown enlarged.
- the first electrode shaft 24 is bent on a part 101 of the first electrode shaft 24 facing the first electrode tip 21. In the part 101, a first center axis 100 runs in the middle.
- the tip 21 is in Fig. 3C located.
- the tip 21 is defined as follows. Take the point of the first electrode surface 25 whose vertical projection on the first central axis 100 on the first central axis 100 is located farthest in the direction of the first holder 22. Through this point, a plane is laid perpendicular to the first central axis 100. Beyond this plane, in the direction of the electrode surface 25, the tip 21 of the first electrode shaft 24 lies.
- first tangent 27 corresponds to the longitudinal axis 26 of the electrode 20 of the FIG. 3A .
- the electrode tip 21 is bevelled at an angle 29 with respect to the first tangent 27 of the electrode shaft 24. This angle preferably corresponds to half the angle 28 between the first tangent 27 of the first electrode shaft 24 and the second tangent 37 of the second electrode shaft 34.
- the holder 22 preferably serves for electrical connection of the electrode and can be designed as a plug connector.
- Figure 3D shows the electrode 30 in detail, wherein the electrode tip of the facing parts of the electrode shaft is bent.
- Figure 3D shows that a preferred electrically conductive second holder 32 receives a preferably metallic second electrode shaft 34.
- the second electrode shaft 34 has a second electrode tip 31, on which preferably a second electrode surface 35 is formed.
- the electrode tip 31 is in Figure 3D not shown enlarged, but corresponds to a symmetrical reflection and replacement of the reference numerals exactly the magnification FIG. 3C ,
- the second electrode shaft 34 is bent on a part 111 of the second electrode shaft 34 facing the second electrode tip 31.
- a second central axis 110 runs in the middle.
- the tip 31 is in Fig. 3D located.
- the tip 31 is defined as follows. Take the point of the second electrode surface 35, the perpendicular projection of which lies on the second central axis 110 on the second central axis 110 furthest in the direction of the second holder 32. Through this point, a plane is laid perpendicular to the second central axis 110. Beyond this plane, in the direction of the electrode surface 35, the tip 31 of the second electrode shaft 34 lies.
- the tangent 37 of the electrode 30 of Figure 3D corresponds to the longitudinal axis 36 of the electrode 30 of Figure 3B.
- the electrode tip 31 is bevelled at an angle 39 with respect to the second tangent 37 of the electrode shaft 34. This angle preferably corresponds to half the angle 28 between the first tangent 27 of the first electrode shaft 24 and the second tangent 37 of the second electrode shaft 34.
- the holder 32 preferably serves for the electrical connection of the electrode and can be designed as a plug connector.
- the electrodes 20 and 30 of the FIGS. 3C and 3D are arranged in the reflector body 11 that the electrode surfaces 25 and 35 as well as the electrodes 20 and 30 of the FIGS. 3A and 3B facing, such as in the FIGS. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 7 to see.
- FIG. 4 a section is shown with the electrode tips.
- the electrodes are here in a new state, that is, shown unworn.
- the center of the electrode tips lies in a first plane 51.
- Increasing wear causes the electrode tips to shorten so that, at a later time, the middle between the electrode tips lies, for example, in a second plane 52.
- FIG. 5 a further detail enlargement of the electrode tips is shown.
- a first electrode surface 25 of the first electrode tip 21 faces a second electrode surface 35 of the second electrode tip 31.
- Various defects in the electrode surface caused by erosion are outlined here.
- an arc is generated between the electrode tips arranged at a distance 71 by means of a high-voltage discharge. This arc seeks the path between the electrode tips that has the shortest distance. Therefore, with new electrode tips, the arc will first begin to burn at a location with unevenness of the material (which may also be microscopic). Due to the high energy input, a melting of the electrode surface and a concomitant material removal occur. This leads to an at least slight defect in the electrode surface.
- a first defect 61 can arise.
- the defects are shown here only schematically and greatly enlarged.
- a second defect 62 and the third arc a third defect 63 can now arise.
- the defects add up so that the electrode surface is removed. This shortens the length of the electrode tips.
- a greater distance 72 arises between the electrode tips.
- the middle shifts between the surfaces of the Electrode tips towards the edge of the reflector.
- the length of the electrode tips in the new installation state is preferably chosen such that the center of the electrode surfaces is outside the focus zone of the reflector and with time and therefore with increasing erosion of the electrode tip in its focus zone migrates.
- the same diameter of the electrodes results in a higher amount of material that can be removed before the electrode spacing reaches a value at which the ignition of an arc is no longer possible , This further increases the life of the electrode assembly.
- FIG. 6 is the shadowing by the electrode assembly with an upper electrode 91 and a lower electrode 92 and the electrode holder of a device 90 according to the prior art, as shown for example in US Pat US 5,420,473 is disclosed.
- a relatively narrow emission area 93 results.
- FIG. 7 is the shading in a preferred embodiment, for example according to the FIG. 1 shown. There are no large shading areas here. Therefore, in a first emission region 75 (downward angular region), which is directed downward toward the apex of the reflector, and in a second emission region 76 (upward-oriented angular region) energy can be radiated. Since it is the shockwaves generated is spherically propagating waves, the energy density per solid angle is constant. Thus, the solid angle 75 corresponds approximately to the realizable from the prior art solid angle 93. It is obvious that here, taking into account the Abstrahl Schemee 75 and 76 at the same power consumption a much higher energy can be radiated. If only a similarly high shock wave energy as required in the prior art, the arrangement can be operated with lower power, which in turn causes a significant increase in the life.
- FIG. 8 is the arrangement off FIG. 7 shown from a view which is rotated 90 ° about the central axis 15. It can be clearly seen here that virtually no shading takes place in this view, since the electrodes used have no lateral extent.
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Abstract
Eine Vorrichtung (10) zur Erzeugung elektrohydraulischer Stoßwellen umfasst zwei Elektroden (20, 30), die in der Nähe des Scheitelpunkts eines ellipsoiden Reflektors (12) angeordnet sind. Die beiden Elektroden haben Schäfte (24, 34) mit Elektrodenspitzen (21, 31), wobei die Schäfte (24, 34) der Elektroden (20, 30) einen Winkel in einem Bereich zwischen 20° und 140° zueinander einschließen. Die Elektrodenspitzen (21, 31) haben abgeschrägte Elektrodenflächen (25, 35), die zueinander parallel angeordnet sind.A device (10) for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves comprises two electrodes (20, 30) which are arranged in the vicinity of the apex of an ellipsoidal reflector (12). The two electrodes have shanks (24, 34) with electrode tips (21, 31), wherein the shafts (24, 34) of the electrodes (20, 30) enclose an angle in a range between 20 ° and 140 ° to each other. The electrode tips (21, 31) have beveled electrode surfaces (25, 35) which are arranged parallel to each other.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von akustischen Stosswellen durch einen Funkenüberschlag zwischen zwei Elektroden. Durch die so erzeugten Stosswellen können beispielsweise in der Humanmedizin oder in der Veterinärmedizin Steine in Körperhöhlen zertrümmert oder auch die Regeneration und Neubildung von Gewebe stimuliert werden.The invention relates to a device for generating acoustic shock waves by a sparkover between two electrodes. The shock waves generated in this way, for example, in human medicine or in veterinary medicine stones in body cavities smashed or regeneration and new formation of tissue can be stimulated.
In der
Die durch wiederholten Funkenüberschlag entstehende Funkenerosion hat einen Abbrand des sich gegenüberstehenden Elektrodenspitzenpaares zur Folge. Hierdurch ist die Lebensdauer der Elektrodenspitzen eingeschränkt und reicht nur eine bis maximal wenige Behandlungen. Die gesamte Elektrode bzw. die Elektrodenspitzen müssen danach vollständig gewechselt werden.The spark erosion resulting from repeated sparkover results in a burnup of the opposing electrode tip pair. As a result, the life of the electrode tips is limited and ranges only one to a maximum of a few treatments. The entire electrode or the electrode tips must then be completely changed.
Ein koaxialer Aufbau mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Elektroden ist in der
Eine seitliche Elektrodenanordnung ist in der
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrohydraulischer Stosswellen derart weiterzubilden, dass eine höhere Lebensdauer der Elektroden erreicht werden kann, wobei die Energie und bevorzugt auch der Fokuspunkt einer initialen Stossfront während der Lebensdauer weitgehend konstant bleiben. Zudem soll eine höhere Stosswellenenergie bei gleicher Leistungsaufnahme erreicht werden.The invention has for its object to provide a device for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves in such a way that a longer life of the electrodes can be achieved, the energy and preferably also the focus point of an initial shock front during the life remain largely constant. In addition, a higher shock wave energy to be achieved with the same power consumption.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und eine Elektrode nach Anspruch 11 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and an electrode according to
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrohydraulischer Stosswellen eine erste Elektrode mit einer ersten Elektrodenspitze und eine zweite Elektrode mit einer zweiten Elektrodenspitze in geringem Abstand zur ersten Elektrodenspitze.Advantageously, a device for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves comprises a first electrode having a first electrode tip and a second electrode having a second electrode tip at a small distance from the first electrode tip.
Hierbei kann unter dem Begriff Elektrodenspitze der Teil des Elektrodenschafts verstanden werden, von dem aus Überschläge auftreten können. Alternativ kann unter Elektrodenspitze der Teil des Elektrodenschafts verstanden werden, welcher während des Behandlungsprozesses abbrennt.In this case, the term electrode tip can be understood as the part of the electrode shaft from which flashovers can occur. Alternatively, electrode tip can be understood as the part of the electrode shaft which burns off during the treatment process.
Bevorzugt sind die erste Elektrodenspitze des ersten metallischen Elektrodenschafts und die zweite Elektrodenspitze des zweiten metallischen Elektrodenschafts in der Nähe der Fokuszone beabstandet angeordnet.The first electrode tip of the first metallic electrode shaft is preferred and the second electrode tip of the second metallic electrode shaft is spaced near the focal zone.
Die Elektroden weisen jeweils einen bevorzugt metallischen Elektrodenschaft auf, welcher wiederum jeweils eine der bereits erwähnten Elektrodenspitzen aufweist. Bevorzugt ist ein der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts und/oder ein der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts gerade oder gebogen. Diese geraden oder gebogenen Teile sind bevorzugt in einem Volumen um die Fokuszone angeordnet, welcher gegenüber dem Volumen des gesamten Innenbereichs des Reflektors vergleichsweise klein ist. Dieses Volumen ist bevorzugt kleiner als 20%, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 10%, des Volumens des gesamten Innenbereichs.The electrodes each have a preferably metallic electrode shaft, which in turn in each case has one of the already mentioned electrode tips. Preferably, a part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and / or a part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are straight or curved. These straight or curved parts are preferably arranged in a volume around the focal zone, which is comparatively small in relation to the volume of the entire inner region of the reflector. This volume is preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 10%, of the volume of the entire inner region.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die Elektrodenschäfte im gesamten Innenbereich des Reflektors gerade. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind sowohl der der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts als auch der der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts in einem Innenbereich des Reflektors gerade.According to a further embodiment, the electrode shafts in the entire inner region of the reflector are straight. According to a further embodiment, both the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are straight in an inner region of the reflector.
Gemäß einer oben bereits erwähnten Ausführungsform ist ein der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts und/oder ein der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts gebogen. Wenn die Rede davon ist, dass ein der Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des Elektrodenschafts gebogen ist, so bedeutet das, dass der der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts bevorzugt in einer Ebene liegt und an jeder Stelle eine, insbesondere konstante, Krümmung in dieser Ebene aufweist.According to an embodiment already mentioned above, a part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and / or a part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are bent. If there is talk that a part of the electrode shaft facing the electrode tip is bent, this means that the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip preferably lies in one plane and has at each point an, in particular constant, curvature in this plane ,
Es wird eine initiale Stoßfront durch einen Funkenüberschlag zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen erzeugt. Dieser Funkenüberschlag generiert eine expandierende Plasmablase, welche an ihrer Oberfläche die Stosswelle vorantreibt und in das umgebende wässrige Medium einkoppelt. Die Elektrodenspitzen sind vorzugsweise in bzw. an der Fokuszone des speziell geformten, vorzugsweise ellipsoiden, Reflektors angeordnet. Die durch den Funkenüberschlag erzeugten Stosswellen werden durch den Reflektor auf ein sich außerhalb des Reflektors befindliches therapeutisches Volumen fokussiert bzw. kondensiert. Vorteilhafterweise werden die für den Funkenüberschlag benötigten Spannungen von 1 bis 40kV über Kondensatoren mit Kapazitäten von 1 bis 400nF über einen schnellen, niederohmigen Schalter auf die Elektroden geschaltet.An initial shock front is generated by a sparkover between the electrode tips. This flashover generates an expanding plasma bubble, which drives the shock wave on its surface and couples it into the surrounding aqueous medium. The electrode tips are preferably arranged in or at the focus zone of the specially shaped, preferably ellipsoidal, reflector. The shock waves generated by the flashover are focused or condensed by the reflector to a located outside of the reflector therapeutic volume. Advantageously, the voltages required for sparkover from 1 to 40 kV are switched to the electrodes via capacitors with capacitances from 1 to 400 nF via a fast, low-resistance switch.
Der der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts und der der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts sind in einem Winkel zwischen 20° und 140° angeordnet. Besonders bevorzugt liegt der Winkelbereich zwischen 30° und 90°, und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 40° und 60°. Bevorzugt ist die Anordnung symmetrisch zu einer Mittelachse bzw. zu einer durch die Mittelachse verlaufenden Ebene. Wobei die Mittelachse bevorzugt die Rotationsachse eines ellipsoiden Reflektors darstellt. Bevorzugt sind die Spitzen der Elektroden abgeschrägt, so dass die Spitze der ersten Elektrode zur Spitze der zweiten Elektrode eine Fläche bildet, wobei die beiden Elektrodenflächen bevorzugt parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind und besonders bevorzugt die Mittelachse in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Elektrodenflächen verläuft.The part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are arranged at an angle between 20 ° and 140 °. Particularly preferred is the angular range between 30 ° and 90 °, and most preferably between 40 ° and 60 °. Preferably, the arrangement is symmetrical to a central axis or to a plane passing through the central axis. Wherein the central axis preferably represents the axis of rotation of an ellipsoidal reflector. Preferably, the tips of the electrodes are chamfered, so that the tip of the first electrode to the tip of the second electrode forms a surface, wherein the two electrode surfaces are preferably aligned parallel to each other and more preferably the central axis extends in the middle between the two electrode surfaces.
Für den Fall, dass die den Elektrodenspitzen zugewandten Teile der Elektrodenschäfte gebogen oder gekrümmt sind, ist der Ausdruck, wonach der der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts und der der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts in einem Winkel zwischen 20° und 140° angeordnet sind, so zu verstehen, dass eine erste Tangente einer ersten Mittelachse des der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des ersten Elektrodenschafts an der Stelle, wo die erste Mittelachse die erste Elektrodenspitze verlässt, und eine zweite Tangente einer zweiten Mittelachse des der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des zweiten Elektrodenschafts an der Stelle, wo die zweite Mittelachse die zweite Elektrodenspitze verlässt, in einem Winkel zwischen 20° und 140° angeordnet sind.In the event that the parts of the electrode shafts facing the electrode tips are bent or curved, the expression according to which the part of the first electrode shaft facing the first electrode tip and the part of the second electrode shaft facing the second electrode tip are at an angle between 20 ° and 140 ° are arranged so as to understand that a first tangent of a first central axis of the first electrode tip facing part of the first electrode shaft at the point where the first central axis leaves the first electrode tip, and a second tangent of a second central axis of the second electrode tip facing part of second electrode shaft at the location where the second center axis, the second electrode tip leaves, are arranged at an angle between 20 ° and 140 °.
In dieser Ausführungsform kann durch die Anordnung der Elektrodenspitzen die Abschattung gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wesentlich reduziert werden, so dass sich, wie in den Figuren weiter unten dargestellt, eine deutlich höhere Energieabstrahlung ergibt. Dadurch, dass die Elektroden in der Nähe des Scheitelpunkts des Reflektors eingebaut werden können, ergibt sich eine einfache mechanische Anordnung.In this embodiment, the arrangement of the electrode tips, the shading over the prior art can be significantly reduced, so that, as shown in the figures below, results in a significantly higher energy dissipation. The fact that the electrodes can be installed in the vicinity of the apex of the reflector, results in a simple mechanical arrangement.
Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass die Elektroden jeweils einen Schaft mit einem leitfähigen Material, insbesondere ein Metall umfassen. Besonders bevorzugt besteht der Elektrodenschaft aus Stahl, Wolfram, Platin, Graphit, einem anderen Metall oder thermisch beständigen bzw. stoßbeständigen Legierungen.It is particularly preferred that the electrodes each comprise a shaft with a conductive material, in particular a metal. Particularly preferably, the electrode shaft consists of steel, tungsten, platinum, graphite, another metal or thermally resistant or impact-resistant alloys.
Weiterhin ist bevorzugt jeder Schaft in einem Halter aus bevorzugt leitfähigem Material oder Metall aufgenommen. Der Schaft dient bevorzugt als elektrischer Anschluss bzw. Steckverbinder.Furthermore, each shaft is preferably received in a holder made of preferably conductive material or metal. The shaft preferably serves as electrical connection or plug connector.
Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, dass wenigstens eine Elektrodenspitze eine Elektrodenfläche aufweist, die gegenüber einer Längsachse des Elektrodenschafts um einen Winkel abgeschrägt ist, welcher bevorzugt dem halben Winkel zwischen den beiden Elektroden entspricht.It is further preferred that at least one electrode tip has an electrode surface which is bevelled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the electrode shaft by an angle which preferably corresponds to half the angle between the two electrodes.
Für den Fall, dass ein der Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des Elektrodenschafts gebogen oder gekrümmt ist, ist bevorzugt, dass wenigstens eine Elektrodenspitze eine Elektrodenfläche aufweist, die gegenüber einer Tangente einer Mittelachse des der Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des Elektrodenschafts an der Stelle, wo die Mittelachse die Elektrodenspitze verlässt, um einen Winkel abgeschrägt ist, welcher bevorzugt dem halben Winkel zwischen der ersten Tangente und der zweiten Tangente der beiden Elektroden entspricht.In the case where a portion of the electrode shaft facing the electrode tip is bent or curved, it is preferable that at least one electrode tip has an electrode surface opposite to a tangent of a center axis of the electrode tip portion of the electrode shaft at the location where the center axis is the electrode tip leaves at an angle which preferably corresponds to half the angle between the first tangent and the second tangent of the two electrodes.
Dadurch bildet sich bevorzugterweise zwei in konstantem Abstand ausgerichtete Kontaktflächen an den beiden Elektroden. Durch die schräge Anordnung der Elektrodenspitzen steht mehr Elektrodenmaterial zur Verfügung, was wiederum eine höhere Lebensdauer ermöglicht.As a result, two contact surfaces aligned at a constant spacing preferably form on the two electrodes. Due to the oblique arrangement of Electrode tips are available more electrode material, which in turn allows a longer life.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Durchmesser der Elektrodenspitze einer Elektrode größer als der Durchmesser der Elektrodenspitze der anderen Elektrode. Dadurch kann ein größerer Abbrand an einer der Elektroden kompensiert werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the diameter of the electrode tip of one electrode is greater than the diameter of the electrode tip of the other electrode. As a result, a larger burnup at one of the electrodes can be compensated.
Grundsätzlich ist es bevorzugt, die Elektroden so anzuordnen, dass die Mitte der Elektroden bzw. Elektrodenflächen sich innerhalb der Fokuszone des Reflektors befinden. Es kann aber auch vorteilhaft sein, die Elektroden so anzuordnen, dass die Mitte der Elektroden bzw. Elektrodenflächen sich außerhalb der Fokuszone des Reflektors befinden, so dass die Elektrodenmitte durch zunehmenden Abbrand der Elektroden in die Fokuszone wandert. Bei weiterem Abbrand wandert die Mitte dann wiederum aus der Fokuszone heraus. Durch diese Anordnung kann über eine längere Dauer bzw. über einen größeren Bereich des Elektrodenabbrands die Mitte der Elektroden im Bereich der Fokuszone auf der Mittelachse des Reflektors gehalten werden.In principle, it is preferable to arrange the electrodes so that the center of the electrodes or electrode surfaces are located within the focus zone of the reflector. However, it may also be advantageous to arrange the electrodes in such a way that the center of the electrodes or electrode surfaces are located outside the focus zone of the reflector, so that the electrode center moves into the focus zone as a result of increasing erosion of the electrodes. As the burn continues, the center then moves out of the focus zone. By virtue of this arrangement, the center of the electrodes in the region of the focus zone on the central axis of the reflector can be held over a relatively long period or over a larger area of the electrode burnup.
Der ellipsoide Reflektor hat bevorzugt einen Scheitelpunkt in der Nähe der Fokuszone bei den Elektrodenspitzen.The ellipsoidal reflector preferably has a vertex near the focus zone at the electrode tips.
Durch die Anordnung der Elektroden in der Nähe des Scheitelpunkts des Reflektors sind ein näherungsweise zentraler Zugang und eine entsprechende kompakte Bauform der Anordnung möglich. Bei Anordnungen, bei denen die Elektroden seitlich in den Reflektor hineinragen, ergibt sich durch die außen aus dem Reflektor seitlich überstehenden Elektroden eine wesentlich größere und kompliziertere Bauform. Zudem sind an zwei gegenüberliegenden Stellen des Reflektors isolierte Durchführungen einzubringen. Auch sind zum Austausch der Elektroden zwei Komponenten an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Reflektors auszutauschen. Entsprechend den zuvor geschilderten Ausführungsformen ist nur ein Zugang an einer zentralen Stelle des Reflektors zum Austausch der Elektroden notwendig.The arrangement of the electrodes in the vicinity of the apex of the reflector, an approximately central access and a corresponding compact design of the arrangement are possible. In arrangements in which the electrodes protrude laterally into the reflector, a substantially larger and more complicated design results from the electrodes projecting laterally outwards from the reflector. In addition, insulated bushings are to be introduced at two opposite points of the reflector. Also, to replace the electrodes, two components must be replaced at different locations on the reflector. According to the embodiments described above, only access to a central location of the reflector is necessary to replace the electrodes.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen exemplarisch beschrieben.
-
Figur 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrohydraulischer Stoßwellen. -
Figur 2 zeigt eine vereinfachte Ausführung. -
Figuren 3A und3B zeigen jeweils eine Elektrode im Detail, wobei ein der Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des Elektrodenschafts gerade ist. -
Figuren 3C und3D zeigen jeweils eine Elektrode im Detail, wobei ein der Elektrodenspitze zugewandter Teil des Elektrodenschafts gebogen ist. -
Figur 4 zeigt einen Ausschnitt mit den Elektrodenspitzen. -
Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere Detailvergrößerung der Elektrodenspitzen. -
Figur 6 zeigt die Abschattung beim Stand der Technik. -
Figur 7 zeigt die Abschattung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform. -
Figur 8 zeigt die Anordnung ausFigur 7 in einer anderen Ansicht.
-
FIG. 1 shows a device for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves. -
FIG. 2 shows a simplified version. -
FIGS. 3A and3B each show an electrode in detail, wherein a portion of the electrode shaft facing the electrode tip is straight. -
FIGS. 3C and3D each show an electrode in detail, wherein a tip of the electrode tip facing the electrode shaft is bent. -
FIG. 4 shows a section with the electrode tips. -
FIG. 5 shows a further detail enlargement of the electrode tips. -
FIG. 6 shows the shading in the prior art. -
FIG. 7 shows the shading of a preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 8 shows the arrangementFIG. 7 in a different view.
In
In
In
Der erste Elektrodenschaft 24 hat eine erste Elektrodenspitze 21, an welcher vorzugsweise eine erste Elektrodenfläche 25 ausgebildet ist.The
Der erste Elektrodenschaft 24 ist in dieser Ausführungsform gerade, kann jedoch nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform nur an einem der ersten Elektrodenspitze 21 zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts 24 gerade sein.The
Zur Ausbildung der ersten Elektrodenfläche 25 ist die Elektrodenspitze 21 gegenüber einer Längsachse 26 des Elektrodenschafts unter einem Winkel 29 abgeschrägt. Bevorzugt entspricht dieser Winkel dem halben Winkel 28 zwischen erster und zweiter Elektrode. Der Halter 22 dient bevorzugt dem elektrischen Anschluss der Elektrode und kann als Steckverbinder ausgebildet sein.To form the
Dieser zweite Elektrodenschaft 34 hat eine zweite Elektrodenspitze 31, an welcher vorzugsweise eine zweite Elektrodenfläche 35 ausgebildet ist.This
Der zweite Elektrodenschaft 34 ist in dieser Ausführungsform gerade, kann jedoch nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform nur an einem der zweiten Elektrodenspitze 31 zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34 gerade sein.The
Zur Ausbildung der zweiten Elektrodenfläche 35 ist die zweite Elektrodenspitze 31 gegenüber einer Längsachse 36 des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34 unter einem Winkel 39 abgeschrägt. Bevorzugt entspricht dieser Winkel dem halben Winkel 28 zwischen erster und zweiter Elektrode. Der zweite Halter 32 dient bevorzugt dem elektrischen Anschluss der Elektrode und kann als Steckverbinder ausgebildet sein.In order to form the
Der erste Elektrodenschaft 24 hat eine erste Elektrodenspitze 21, an welcher vorzugsweise eine erste Elektrodenfläche 25 ausgebildet ist. Die Elektrodenspitze 21 ist in
Die Spitze 21 ist in
An der Stelle des der ersten Elektrodenspitze 21 zugewandten Teils 101 des ersten Elektrodenschafts 24, wo die erste Mittelachse 100 die erste Elektrodenspitze 21 verlässt, verläuft eine erste Tangente 27. Die Tangente 27 der Elektrode 20 der
Zur Ausbildung der ersten Elektrodenfläche 25 ist die Elektrodenspitze 21 gegenüber der ersten Tangente 27 des Elektrodenschafts 24 unter einem Winkel 29 abgeschrägt. Bevorzugt entspricht dieser Winkel dem halben Winkel 28 zwischen erster Tangente 27 des ersten Elektrodenschafts 24 und zweiter Tangente 37 des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34. Der Halter 22 dient bevorzugt dem elektrischen Anschluss der Elektrode und kann als Steckverbinder ausgebildet sein.To form the
Der zweite Elektrodenschaft 34 hat eine zweite Elektrodenspitze 31, an welcher vorzugsweise eine zweite Elektrodenfläche 35 ausgebildet ist. Die Elektrodenspitze 31 ist in
Der zweite Elektrodenschaft 34 ist an einem der zweiten Elektrodenspitze 31 zugewandten Teil 111 des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34 gebogen. In dem Teil 111 verläuft in der Mitte eine zweite Mittelachse 110.The
Die Spitze 31 ist in
An der Stelle des der zweiten Elektrodenspitze 31 zugewandten Teils 111 des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34, wo die zweite Mittelachse 110 die zweite Elektrodenspitze 31 verlässt, verläuft eine zweite Tangente 37. Die Tangente 37 der Elektrode 30 der
Zur Ausbildung der zweiten Elektrodenfläche 35 ist die Elektrodenspitze 31 gegenüber der zweiten Tangente 37 des Elektrodenschafts 34 unter einem Winkel 39 abgeschrägt. Bevorzugt entspricht dieser Winkel dem halben Winkel 28 zwischen erster Tangente 27 des ersten Elektrodenschafts 24 und zweiter Tangente 37 des zweiten Elektrodenschafts 34. Der Halter 32 dient bevorzugt dem elektrischen Anschluss der Elektrode und kann als Steckverbinder ausgebildet sein.To form the
Die Elektroden 20 und 30 der
In der
In
Im Vergleich zu Anordnungen mit parallelen Elektroden wird durch die schräge Anordnung der Elektrodenschäfte 24, 34 deutlich weniger Isoliermaterial benötigt, da ein Funkenüberschlag immer an den nächstliegenden Stellen der Elektroden und somit an den Elektrodenspitzen erfolgt. An den weiter entfernten Elektrodenteilen wird kein Überschlag entstehen.Compared to arrangements with parallel electrodes significantly less insulating material is required by the oblique arrangement of the
In
In
In
- 1010
- Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrohydraulischer StoßwellenDevice for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves
- 1111
- Reflektorkörperreflector body
- 1212
- Reflektorreflector
- 1313
- Fokuszonefocus zone
- 1414
- Innenbereichinterior
- 1515
- Mittelachse des ReflektorsCenter axis of the reflector
- 2020
- erste Elektrodefirst electrode
- 2121
- erste Elektrodenspitzefirst electrode tip
- 2222
- erster Halterfirst holder
- 2323
- erster Isolatorfirst insulator
- 2424
- erster Elektrodenschaftfirst electrode shaft
- 2525
- erste Elektrodenflächefirst electrode surface
- 2626
- Längsachse des ersten ElektrodenschaftsLongitudinal axis of the first electrode shaft
- 2727
- erste Tangente einer ersten Mittelachse des der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des ersten Elektrodenschaftsfirst tangent of a first central axis of the first electrode tip facing part of the first electrode shaft
- 2828
- Winkel zwischen den ElektrodenAngle between the electrodes
- 2929
- Winkel zwischen Längsachse des ersten Elektrodenschafts und der ersten ElektrodenflächeAngle between the longitudinal axis of the first electrode shaft and the first electrode surface
- 3030
- zweite Elektrodesecond electrode
- 3131
- zweite Elektrodenspitzesecond electrode tip
- 3232
- zweiter Haltersecond holder
- 3333
- zweiter Isolatorsecond insulator
- 3434
- zweiter Elektrodenschaftsecond electrode shaft
- 3535
- zweite Elektrodenflächesecond electrode surface
- 3636
- Längsachse des zweiten ElektrodenschaftsLongitudinal axis of the second electrode shaft
- 3737
- zweite Tangente einer zweiten Mittelachse des der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des zweiten Elektrodenschaftssecond tangent of a second central axis of the first electrode tip facing part of the second electrode shaft
- 3939
- Winkel zwischen Längsachse des zweiten Elektrodenschafts und der zweiten ElektrodenflächeAngle between the longitudinal axis of the second electrode shaft and the second electrode surface
- 4040
- DoppelelektrodenanordnungDouble electrode assembly
- 4141
- erste Elektrodefirst electrode
- 4242
- zweite Elektrodesecond electrode
- 4343
- gemeinsamer Isolatorcommon insulator
- 44, 4544, 45
- Anschlüsseconnections
- 5151
- erste Ebenefirst floor
- 5252
- zweite Ebenesecond level
- 61, 62, 6361, 62, 63
- Defekte in der ElektrodenoberflächeDefects in the electrode surface
- 7171
- erster Elektrodenabstandfirst electrode gap
- 7272
- zweiter Elektrodenabstandsecond electrode gap
- 7575
- unterer Abstrahlbereichlower radiation area
- 7676
- oberer Abstrahlbereichupper emission area
- 9090
- Vorrichtung nach dem Stand der TechnikDevice according to the prior art
- 9191
- obere Elektrodeupper electrode
- 9292
- untere Elektrodelower electrode
- 9393
- Abstrahlbereichradiation area
- 100100
- erste Mittelachse des der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des ersten Elektrodenschaftsfirst central axis of the first electrode tip facing part of the first electrode shaft
- 101101
- Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts, welcher der ersten Elektrodenspitze zugewandt istPart of the first electrode shaft, which faces the first electrode tip
- 110110
- zweite Mittelachse des der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandten Teils des zweiten Elektrodenschaftssecond central axis of the second electrode tip facing part of the second electrode shaft
- 111111
- Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts, welcher der zweiten Elektrodenspitze zugewandt istPart of the second electrode shaft, which faces the second electrode tip
Claims (15)
wobei die erste Elektrode (20) einen ersten metallischen Elektrodenschaft (24) mit einer ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) an einem Ende des ersten Elektrodenschafts (24) aufweist, und
die zweite Elektrode (30) einen zweiten metallischen Elektrodenschaft (34) mit einer zweiten Elektrodenspitze (31) an einem Ende des zweiten Elektrodenschafts (34) aufweist,
wobei die erste Elektrodenspitze (21) des ersten metallischen Elektrodenschaft (24) und die zweite Elektrodenspitze (31) des zweiten metallischen Elektrodenschaft (34) in der Nähe der Fokuszone (13) beabstandet angeordnet sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
sowohl ein der ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts (24) als auch ein der zweiten Elektrodenspitze (31) zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts (34) gerade oder gebogen sind, und
der der ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts (24) und der der zweiten Elektrodenspitze (31) zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts (34) in einem Winkel (28) zwischen 20° und 140° angeordnet sind.Device (10) for generating electro-hydraulic shock waves, comprising a reflector (12) having a focus zone (13), and a first electrode (20) and a second electrode (30),
wherein the first electrode (20) comprises a first metallic electrode shaft (24) having a first electrode tip (21) at one end of the first electrode shaft (24), and
the second electrode (30) has a second metallic electrode shaft (34) with a second electrode tip (31) at one end of the second electrode shaft (34),
wherein the first electrode tip (21) of the first metallic electrode shaft (24) and the second electrode tip (31) of the second metallic electrode shaft (34) are arranged in the vicinity of the focal zone (13) at a distance,
characterized in that
both a part of the first electrode shaft (24) facing the first electrode tip (21) and a part of the second electrode shaft (34) facing the second electrode tip (31) are straight or curved, and
the part of the first electrode shaft (24) facing the first electrode tip (21) and the part of the second electrode shaft (34) facing the second electrode tip (31) are arranged at an angle (28) between 20 ° and 140 °.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
sowohl der der ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts (24) ist als auch der der zweiten Elektrodenspitze (31) zugewandte Teil des zweiten Elektrodenschafts (34) in einem Innenbereich (14) des Reflektors gerade sind.Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that
both the part of the first electrode shaft (24) facing the first electrode tip (21) and the part of the second electrode shaft (34) facing the second electrode tip (31) in an inner region (14) of the reflector are straight.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
wenigstens eine der Elektroden (20, 30) wenigstens eine Elektrodenspitze (21, 31) aufweist, die gegenüber dem Elektrodenschaft (24, 34) unter einem Winkel (29) abgeschrägt ist.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
at least one of the electrodes (20, 30) has at least one electrode tip (21, 31) which is bevelled with respect to the electrode shaft (24, 34) at an angle (29).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Winkel (29) der Abschrägung dem halben Winkel (28) zwischen dem ersten Elektrodenschaft und dem zweiten Elektrodenschaft entspricht.Device according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the angle (29) of the taper corresponds to half the angle (28) between the first electrode shaft and the second electrode shaft.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die erste Elektrode (20) eine erste Elektrodenfläche (25) aufweist, welche zu einer zweiten Elektrodenfläche (35) der zweiten Elektrode (30) parallel angeordnet ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first electrode (20) has a first electrode surface (25) which is arranged parallel to a second electrode surface (35) of the second electrode (30).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
wenigstens eine der Elektroden (20, 30, 41, 42) durch elektrisch isolierendes Material (23, 33, 43) in einem Reflektorkörper (11) gehalten sind.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least one of the electrodes (20, 30, 41, 42) is held by electrically insulating material (23, 33, 43) in a reflector body (11).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die erste Elektrode (20) und die zweite Elektrode (30) jeweils getrennte Elektrodenhalter (22, 32) aufweisen.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first electrode (20) and the second electrode (30) each have separate electrode holders (22, 32).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zwei Elektroden (41, 42) in einem gemeinsamen Körper aus elektrisch isolierendem Material (43) aufgenommen sind.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
two electrodes (41, 42) are received in a common body of electrically insulating material (43).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Elektrodenspitze (21) der ersten Elektrode (20) einen größeren Durchmesser als die Elektrodenspitze (31) der zweiten Elektrode (30) aufweist.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the electrode tip (21) of the first electrode (20) has a larger diameter than the electrode tip (31) of the second electrode (30).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Mitte der ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) und die Mitte der zweiten Elektrodenspitze (31) außerhalb der Fokuszone (13) liegen und durch zunehmenden Abbrand der Elektroden (20, 30) die Mitte der Elektroden (20, 30) in die Fokuszone (13) wandert.Device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the center of the first electrode tip (21) and the center of the second electrode tip (31) lie outside the focus zone (13) and the center of the electrodes (20, 30) penetrate the focal zone (13) as a result of increasing erosion of the electrodes (20, 30) emigrated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Elektrodenschaft (24) in einem Halter (22) aufgenommen ist.Electrode according to claim 11,
characterized in that
the electrode shaft (24) is received in a holder (22).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Halter (22) elektrisch leitfähiges Material umfasst.An electrode according to claim 12,
characterized in that
the holder (22) comprises electrically conductive material.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein der ersten Elektrodenspitze (21) zugewandte Teil des ersten Elektrodenschafts (24) gerade oder gebogen ist.Electrode according to one of Claims 11 to 13,
characterized in that
one of the first electrode tip (21) facing part of the first electrode shaft (24) is straight or curved.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Elektrodenschaft (24) gerade ist.An electrode according to any one of claims 11 to 14,
characterized in that
the electrode shaft (24) is straight.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP15186264.6A EP3021317B8 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2015-09-22 | Device for generating electrohydraulic shock waves |
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EP14192691 | 2014-11-11 | ||
EP15186264.6A EP3021317B8 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2015-09-22 | Device for generating electrohydraulic shock waves |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3021317A1 true EP3021317A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3021317B1 EP3021317B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP3021317B8 EP3021317B8 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
Family
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EP15186264.6A Active EP3021317B8 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2015-09-22 | Device for generating electrohydraulic shock waves |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106455279A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for generating ball lightning in laboratory |
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CN106455279A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for generating ball lightning in laboratory |
CN106455279B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2023-04-14 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for generating spherical lightning in laboratory |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3021317B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP3021317B8 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
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