EP3010636A1 - Katalysatorreaktor - Google Patents

Katalysatorreaktor

Info

Publication number
EP3010636A1
EP3010636A1 EP14742451.9A EP14742451A EP3010636A1 EP 3010636 A1 EP3010636 A1 EP 3010636A1 EP 14742451 A EP14742451 A EP 14742451A EP 3010636 A1 EP3010636 A1 EP 3010636A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
catalytic converter
reactor
modules
flow direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14742451.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kurt Orehovsky
Michael AUMANN
Andreas Hartung
Thomas Krainer
Thomas Nagl
Gerhard PÖLZL
Mario Schweiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ibiden Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH
Original Assignee
Ibiden Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=51224635&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3010636(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Ibiden Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH filed Critical Ibiden Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH
Publication of EP3010636A1 publication Critical patent/EP3010636A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/14—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for modifying or adapting flow area or back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalyst reactor with internals of catalyst modules.
  • SCR catalysts represent the state of the art for the de-icing of flue gases. This makes a significant contribution to the reduction of ground-level ozone, acid rain and the greenhouse effect. This technology is used in thermal power plants and waste incineration plants as well as in internal combustion engines and many industrial sectors.
  • catalysts are also used, for example, for the degradation of dioxins and furans, which has become particularly prevalent in waste incineration plants as a technical standard.
  • Catalyst elements are offered, for example, in the form of hollow extruded honeycomb bodies or in the form of carrier materials whose surface is provided with a catalytic layer and which are called plate catalysts. Further variants are, for example, catalysts in pellet form, zeolite catalysts in which the active layer is applied to a ceramic support by means of a washcoat process, and catalysts designed as wave-shaped plates.
  • the individual catalyst elements are packed in catalyst modules (for example steel modules), which are referred to collectively as catalyst layer. Between the individual catalyst modules and between the catalyst modules and the wall of the modules receiving Reactor housing seals are provided to force the flue gas flow through the catalyst elements.
  • catalyst modules for example steel modules
  • a significant performance parameter is the pressure loss associated with incorporation of the catalyst modules into the reactor. It is desirable to minimize this undesirable pressure drop.
  • the pressure loss is influenced inter alia by the choice of the geometry of the catalyst elements. The choice of geometry, however, set production-related and process-related limits.
  • the size of the SCR reactor also directly affects the pressure loss. There are limits to the freedom of design: on the one hand by on-site restrictions, in particular with later retrofitted SCR reactors, and on the other hand by economic considerations.
  • the object of the invention is to provide catalyst modules with the greatest possible catalytically active surface area for a given limited reactor cross-section while at the same time minimizing the pressure loss caused by the catalyst modules.
  • This object is achieved in a Kataysa- torreaktor the introductory type according to the invention that the sum of the Anströmein trecs vom the individual catalyst modules per catalyst layer is greater than the flow inlet surface of the catalyst reactor, wherein the module inlet surface of the main flow direction facing surface of the catalyst module side is defined, and wherein the Catalyst modules are positioned in the catalyst reactor such that the catalyst elements installed in the catalyst modules are flowed through by the inlet side and / or the outlet-side flow direction deviating from the flue gas.
  • the provision of the required catalyst surface and the associated catalyst volume is thus achieved by the inventive arrangement of the catalyst modules in ⁇ within the catalyst reactor, which brings an increase in the depth of the catalyst module assembly with it.
  • the cross section of the SCR reactor remains unchanged.
  • catalyst modules are additionally provided, which flow through the flue gas parallel to the orientation of the inlet-side and / or the outlet-side flow direction. These may be located, for example, in the same catalyst layer and / or in a preceding or downstream catalyst layer.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a catalyst reactor according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view
  • Fig. 3 is a front view
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 show.
  • the per se conventional structure of a parallelepipedi see catalytic reactor 1 is determined by the fact that the flue gas flow S within the catalyst module 2 without caused by the catalyst deflection of the (main) flow direction of the inlet side 2 'of a catalyst module 2 through channels 4 of the catalyst elements to the exit side 2 "of the catalyst module 2 flows.
  • the parallelepipedic catalyst modules 2 are repositioned differently from the previous practice with respect to the inlet side 2 'and / or the outlet side 2 "or the flow direction in the catalyst reactor 1.
  • the flow through the catalyst elements 3 takes place in a direction deviating with respect to the inlet-side and / or the outlet-side flow direction, for example, inclined at 60 °. Due to this particular arrangement of the catalyst modules 2 and, associated therewith, the catalyst elements 3 within the catalyst reactor 1, it is possible to utilize the existing cross section of the reactor plant at depth. This achieves a significant enlargement of the catalyst inlet surface within a catalyst layer with a constant cross section of the catalyst reactor 1.
  • the flue gas is gelei ⁇ tet from the inlet side 2 'of the catalyst module 2 through the channels 4 of the catalyst elements 3.
  • the catalyst modules 2 are arranged so that the therein catalyst elements 3 and thus their channels 4 are aligned to the main flow direction S of the flue gas in front of the module inlet side 2 ', for example 60 ° inclined and accordingly flows through.
  • the flue gas flows back into the entire flue gas stream S, which runs aligned parallel to the reactor wall.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
EP14742451.9A 2013-06-19 2014-06-20 Katalysatorreaktor Withdrawn EP3010636A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA494/2013A AT514512A1 (de) 2013-06-19 2013-06-19 Katalysatorreaktor
PCT/AT2014/000129 WO2014201485A1 (de) 2013-06-19 2014-06-20 Katalysatorreaktor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3010636A1 true EP3010636A1 (de) 2016-04-27

Family

ID=51224635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14742451.9A Withdrawn EP3010636A1 (de) 2013-06-19 2014-06-20 Katalysatorreaktor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10155196B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3010636A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6389516B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20150058409A (ja)
CN (1) CN105339081B (ja)
AT (1) AT514512A1 (ja)
BR (1) BR112015030121A2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2014201485A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3174619B1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2020-04-01 Cormetech, Inc. Catalyst modules
US10598068B2 (en) 2015-12-21 2020-03-24 Emissol, Llc Catalytic converters having non-linear flow channels
JP6615076B2 (ja) * 2016-09-16 2019-12-04 ヤンマー株式会社 船舶
WO2019077910A1 (ja) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 脱硝装置
JP6965191B2 (ja) * 2017-10-20 2021-11-10 三菱パワー株式会社 脱硝装置
CN113454019A (zh) * 2019-02-18 2021-09-28 斯凯瑞股份有限公司 用于回收氢并将碳化合物转化为有价值的有机产物的方法和系统

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51117964A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-10-16 Hitachi Ltd Catalyzer reactor
US4343631A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Hot gas particulate removal
JPH0437224Y2 (ja) * 1986-04-10 1992-09-02
JPH02105521U (ja) * 1989-02-09 1990-08-22
CZ289693B6 (cs) * 1994-04-11 2002-03-13 Scambia Industrial Developments Katalyzátor na katalytické oąetření výfukových plynů
FR2719628B1 (fr) * 1994-05-09 1996-07-05 Rosi Ets Pot d'échappement catalytique à écoulement radial.
EP0724474A4 (en) * 1994-08-18 1997-01-15 Precision Combustion Inc CATALYTIC PROCESS
DE59607495D1 (de) * 1995-11-23 2001-09-20 Scambia Ind Developments Ag Sc Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysatorkörpers für die katalytische Behandlung von Gas, Katalysatorkörper und Katalysator
DE19724244A1 (de) * 1997-06-09 1998-12-10 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Katalysator mit Sekundärluft-Zwischeneinleitung für Kleinmotoren
DE10003090A1 (de) * 2000-01-25 2001-07-05 Siemens Ag Durchströmbare Katalysatoranordnung sowie Verwendung der Katalysatoranordnung
EP1486649B1 (de) * 2003-06-06 2010-04-21 Scambia Industrial Developments Aktiengesellschaft Katalysator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
JP2008136891A (ja) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-19 Ngk Insulators Ltd ハニカム触媒コンバータ
US8747788B1 (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-06-10 Caterpillar Inc. Aftertreatment module having angled catalyst bank

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *
See also references of WO2014201485A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105339081A (zh) 2016-02-17
KR20150058409A (ko) 2015-05-28
JP2016529432A (ja) 2016-09-23
AT514512A1 (de) 2015-01-15
WO2014201485A1 (de) 2014-12-24
BR112015030121A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
US20160144317A1 (en) 2016-05-26
JP6389516B2 (ja) 2018-09-12
CN105339081B (zh) 2019-02-12
US10155196B2 (en) 2018-12-18

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