EP3005539A2 - Moteur électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Moteur électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur

Info

Publication number
EP3005539A2
EP3005539A2 EP14720068.7A EP14720068A EP3005539A2 EP 3005539 A2 EP3005539 A2 EP 3005539A2 EP 14720068 A EP14720068 A EP 14720068A EP 3005539 A2 EP3005539 A2 EP 3005539A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
electric motor
rotor
winding
stator winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14720068.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Mack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP3005539A2 publication Critical patent/EP3005539A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/08—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having series connection of excitation windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/12—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having excitation produced by current sources independent of the armature circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/282—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling field supply only

Definitions

  • Electric motor in particular for a motor vehicle
  • the following invention relates to an electric motor, in particular for a motor vehicle, as well as a motor vehicle with such an electric motor.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating such an electric motor.
  • stator of such an electric motor usually comprises one or more stator permanent magnets.
  • the rotor which is rotatable relative to the stator about a rotation axis, a rotor permanent magnet on which a rotor winding may be mounted.
  • stator permanent magnets are often replaced by a stator winding.
  • the electric motor then has both a rotor winding and a stator winding, which can be interconnected in various ways.
  • stator winding is electrically connected in series with the rotor winding.
  • the electric motor to provide a relatively high torque even at a low rotational speed of the rotor.
  • the stator winding In an alternative variant to the series connection machine, the so-called shunt machine, the stator winding, however, is electrically connected in parallel with the rotor winding.
  • the torque provided by such an electric motor is, in contrast to series-wound machines, independent of the speed and proportional to the electrical supply voltage provided to the electric motor.
  • Such electric motors are therefore particularly suitable for use in variable-speed drives.
  • DC DC machines can also be operated as so-called externally excited machines, which means that the two windings are each supplied separately with electrical energy.
  • pathogen Ström can be exercised influence on the engine characteristics of the electric motor.
  • the above-presented electric motors are now often used in practice not only in an active rotary operation in which the rotor rotates relative to the stator, but often in a so-called holding operation in which the rotor is at rest relative to the stator and against an external counterforce or a mechanical stop works.
  • a flap device arranged in the exhaust line can be held against the exhaust gas pressure generated by the exhaust gas in a closed state.
  • the electrical energy supplied to the electric motor can not be converted into kinetic energy of the rotating rotor, but instead has to be completely converted into heat.
  • the current supplied to the electric motor can be, for example, via pulse widths.
  • Modulation PWM
  • PWM Modulation
  • a current limit leads to an undesirable limitation of the maximum torque provided by the electric motor.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of finding new ways in the development of electric motors, especially for a motor vehicle.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims.
  • Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on the general idea to provide an electric motor with a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, wherein the electric motor is designed such that it is between a first operating state in which both the stator winding and the rotor winding of the electric motor for generating a respective magnetic field - ie in addition to the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet of the stator - are energized, and a second operating state in which the stator winding is not energized, so that no additional magnetic field is generated by this switchable.
  • the electric motor can always be switched from the second to the first operating state when the rotor of the electric motor is stationary, i. the electric motor is in the hold mode or is rotating only at a relatively low speed and there is a large external torque request, i. the rotor is to be strongly accelerated, which according to the invention can be achieved in the first operating state with the aid of the additional torque generated by the stator.
  • the additional waste heat generated at the stator can be dissipated by the stator directly to the housing of the electric motor.
  • the electric motor according to the invention thus allows flexible use with regard to the torque which it can supply at different speeds and also with regard to different external torque requirements.
  • the electric motor may comprise a control unit which switches the electric motor when exceeding a predetermined threshold speed from the first to the second operating state and falls below the threshold speed from the second to the first operating state.
  • a control unit which switches the electric motor when exceeding a predetermined threshold speed from the first to the second operating state and falls below the threshold speed from the second to the first operating state.
  • the switching over of the electric motor between the two operating states can not only be carried out as a function of the rotor speed, but depending on further parameters such as, for example, an external torque request or the like. respectively. It can also be provided that the switchover between the two operating states when falling below or Exceeding a predetermined rotor threshold current takes place.
  • the expert various technical implementation options.
  • stator winding and the rotor winding can be electrically connected in series with each other and provided in the electric motor controllable by the control unit switchable short circuit, by means of which the stator winding for switching between the two operating states is selectively bridged.
  • the first operating state of the electric motor corresponds to an inactive short circuit, ie, the stator winding is not bridged and is thus active, that is, through the stator winding flows to generate the additional stator magnetic field electric current.
  • the short circuit In the second operating state, in which the stator winding is not to be energized, the short circuit is active and bridges the stator winding electrically, so that electric current flows only through the bypass line of the short circuit.
  • the series connection of the stator and rotor windings has the advantage that in the case of an interrupted short circuit in which the stator and rotor are energized simultaneously, the electrical supply voltage provided to the electric motor from outside is distributed both to the rotor winding and to the stator winding in the sense of a voltage divider. so that the electric power dropped in the rotor is reduced due to the voltage division. In this way, the risk of heating of the rotor and thus of the entire electric motor, which can lead to damage or even destruction of the electric motor, can be greatly reduced.
  • the provision of a separate PWM circuit for pulse width modulation and an achievable reduction of the waste heat occurring in the electric motor becomes superfluous.
  • the short-circuiting circuit may comprise an electrical switch connected in parallel with the stator winding, which is interrupted between a closed state in which the two winding ends of the stator winding are electrically short-circuited and an open state in which the electrical short circuit between the two winding ends is interrupted , is switchable.
  • a switch may be a mechanical switch, but also a semiconductor switch in the manner of a transistor, in particular a FET transistor or bipolar transistor.
  • stator winding and the rotor winding each have separate connection elements and thus each be controlled separately.
  • the electric motor is designed as a so-called. Foreign-excited electric machine. This means that both the rotor winding and the stator winding can be energized independently of each other. In this way, a targeted electrical power control can be realized in the electric motor.
  • the control of the separate energizing can be done by means of the control unit presented above.
  • the electric current supplied to the stator and the rotor can each be set via a separate pulse width modulation unit, which is controlled by the control unit.
  • the stator permanent magnet may at least partially surround the rotor in a rotational direction of the rotor and include a first stator pole which merges along the direction of rotation of the rotor into a second stator pole.
  • the stator permanent magnet U-shaped with a first and second U-leg and a U-base is constructed.
  • the first U-leg forms the first stator pole and the second U-leg forms the second stator pole.
  • the two stator poles merge into one another in the area of the U-base or border on this area. each other.
  • the stator winding is arranged at least in sections on the U-base.
  • a recess or indentation extending in the circumferential direction of the U base can be provided on the U base, in which the stator winding is arranged. This allows a mechanically stable attachment of the stator winding to the stator permanent magnet.
  • a separate component in particular a metal plate, provided, in particular fixed, on which the stator winding is arranged. This allows a particularly simple replacement of the stator winding, for example for repair purposes, or the like.
  • stator winding and / or the rotor winding may comprise a copper wire.
  • the invention further relates to a motor vehicle with at least one electric motor presented above.
  • the invention finally relates to a method for operating a previously presented electric motor, according to which the electric motor is switched when a predetermined threshold speed of the rotor is exceeded in a first operating state, in which both the stator winding and the rotor winding are energized to generate a respective additional magnetic field, so in that an additional torque acting on the rotor is generated by means of the additional stator magnetic field generated by the energized stator winding.
  • the electric motor is converted into a second operating state. switches, in which the stator winding is not energized and thus the additional stator magnetic field is turned off.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric motor according to the invention in a rough schematic, perspective view
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the electric motor of Figures 1 and 2 in a circuit diagram-like representation.
  • an electric motor according to the invention is shown roughly schematically and designated 1.
  • the electric motor 1 comprises a stator 2, which has a Stator permanent magnet 3 has.
  • the stator permanent magnet 3 in turn has two poles 4a, b.
  • the electric motor 1 comprises a rotor 5 which, as shown in FIG. 1, may be designed as a double-T armature 6 and may have an iron core.
  • the rotor 5 in the form of a double-T armature 6 has two poles 7a, b, and on the rotor 5, a rotor winding 8 is arranged from a copper wire. By energizing the rotor winding 8 can be generated from this with respect to its strength and polarity adjustable magnetic field.
  • stator permanent magnet 3 has a stator winding 9, by means of which an additional magnetic field can likewise be generated by energizing.
  • the stator winding 9 may also be made of a copper wire.
  • Both the rotor winding 8 and the stator winding 9 have respective rotor winding or stator winding end sections 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, which can be interconnected in various ways, which will be described below in connection with FIGS and Fig. 3 will be explained.
  • the electric motor 1 is now designed such that it is energized between a first operating state, in which both the stator winding 9 and the rotor winding 8 are energized to generate a respective additional magnetic field, and a second operating state, in which the stator winding 9 is not energized, is switchable.
  • the electric motor 1 As long as the electric motor 1 is in the first operating state, an additional torque is generated by the additional magnetic field generated by the stator winding 9, which is available in the electric motor 1, for example, at a particularly high external torque request.
  • the electric motor can always be switched from the second to the first operating state when the rotor 5 of the electric motor 1 is stationary, ie the electric motor 1 is in the holding mode, or only with a relatively small Rotates speed and a large external torque requirement is present, that is, the rotor is to be greatly accelerated. This is achieved particularly effectively in the first operating state with the aid of the additional torque.
  • the electric motor 1 can be switched to the second operating state in which the stator winding 9 is not energized and thus no additional magnetic field is generated. In this state, the amount of waste heat generated by the electric motor 1 is reduced.
  • the electric motor 1 may have a control unit 12, which is shown roughly schematically in the illustration of FIG. FIG. 2 shows the structure of the electric motor 1 in a circuit diagram-like representation.
  • the control unit 12 may be formed, for example, in the manner of a conventional microcontroller.
  • the electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 2 is realized as a series-wound motor, i. the stator winding 9 of the stator 2 and the rotor winding 8 of the rotor 5 are electrically connected in series with each other. This can be achieved, for example, by a suitable interconnection of the connection elements 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b of rotor winding 8 and stator winding 9 shown in FIG.
  • a short circuit 13 can be controlled, by means of which the stator winding 9 can be bridged for switching between the two operating states either.
  • the short circuit 13 may comprise an electric or electronic switch 14 connected in parallel with the stator winding 9.
  • the electrical switch 14 may be formed as a mechanical switch, or alternatively, as a semiconductor switch in the manner of a transistor, such as a FET transistor or a bipolar transistor.
  • the switch 14 is between a closed state, in which the two winding ends 1 1 a, 1 1 b of the stator winding. 9 are electrically short-circuited, and an open state in which the electrical short circuit between the two winding ends 1 1 a, 1 1 b is interrupted, switchable.
  • the stator winding 9 In the closed state of the switch, the stator winding 9 is inactive, ie it is not energized and thus generates no additional magnetic field. This means that the closed state of the
  • Switch 14 is assigned to the second operating state. Accordingly, the stator winding 9 is energized when the switch 14 is open, so that an additional magnetic field is generated by it.
  • the open state of the switch 14 thus corresponds to the first operating state of the electric motor.
  • a speed sensor 15 may be provided, by means of which a speed N or rotational speed of the rotor 5 can be determined.
  • the speed sensor 15 may cooperate with the control unit 12 such that the control unit 12, the electric motor 1 falls below a predetermined threshold speed N 0 from the second to the first operating state and switches when exceeding the threshold speed N 0 from the first to the second operating state.
  • such a speed sensor 15 is not necessarily required to switch between the two operating states as a function of the rotational speed N of the rotor 5 determined by the rotational speed sensor 15; Rather, the switching between the operating state by the control unit 12 also in dependence on other external parameters, such as an externally requested torque can be performed.
  • the stator permanent magnet 3 at least partially surrounds the rotor 5 in a direction of rotation D of the rotor 5.
  • the stator permanent magnet 3 comprises a first stator pole 16a, which merges along the direction of rotation into a second stator pole 16b.
  • the stator permanent magnet 3 may be U-shaped with first and second U legs 17 a, 17 b and a U base 18.
  • the first U-leg 17a partially forms the first stator pole 16a
  • the second U-leg 17b partially forms the second stator pole 16b.
  • the two stator poles 16a, 16b merge into one another.
  • the stator winding 9 may be disposed on the U base 18.
  • a helical recess not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity, may be provided on the U-base 18, which extends in the circumferential direction of the U-base 18.
  • a corresponding notch may also be provided. This allows a mechanically stable attachment of the stator winding 9 on the U-base 18.
  • a separate component for example in the form of a metal plate, may be provided, on which the stator winding 9 is arranged is. The separate component may be secured to the U-base 18 in a suitable manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the electric motor of FIGS. 1 and 2 in the form of a circuit diagram, in which the stator winding 9 and the rotor winding 8 are supplied and controlled separately from one another with electrical energy.
  • the control can be carried out, for example, by means of pulse width modulation (PWM). gene, whereby a particularly good power control of the electric motor 1 can be achieved, resulting in a lower dissipation of energy and associated reduced heating of the electric motor 1.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the rotor winding 8 and the stator winding 9 can be controlled by means of separate circuits 19, 20, wherein in each of the two circuits, a pulse width (PWM) modulation unit 21 a, 21 b may be provided by means of which through the stator winding 9 and through the rotor winding 8 flowing electrical current can be adjusted.
  • PWM pulse width modulation unit
  • the two pulse width modulation units 21 a, 21 b can be controlled by the control unit 12. It is clear that such a PWM unit can also be provided in the series-wound motor shown in FIG. 2 in order to be able to set the electrical current flowing through the rotor winding 8 and the stator winding 9.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique (1), en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur, qui comprend un stator (2) et un rotor (5) pouvant être animé d'un mouvement de rotation par rapport au stator (2) autour d'un axe de rotation (R), ledit stator (2) comprenant un aimant permanent statorique (3) sur lequel est disposé un enroulement statorique (9) pour assurer la production ajustable d'un champ magnétique supplémentaire, le rotor (5) comprenant un aimant permanent rotorique (6) sur lequel est disposé un enroulement rotorique (8) pour assurer la production ajustable d'un champ magnétique supplémentaire,ledit moteur électrique (1) étant conçu de sorte à pouvoir être commuté entre un premier état de fonctionnement, dans lequel tant l'enroulement statorique (9) que l'enroulement rotorique (8) pour assurer respectivement la production d'un champ magnétique supplémentaire sont parcourus par un courant, et un second état de fonctionnement, dans lequel le courant de circule pas dans l'enroulement statorique (9).
EP14720068.7A 2013-05-24 2014-04-15 Moteur électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur Withdrawn EP3005539A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013209713.1A DE102013209713A1 (de) 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 Elektromotor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/EP2014/057582 WO2014187616A2 (fr) 2013-05-24 2014-04-15 Moteur électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3005539A2 true EP3005539A2 (fr) 2016-04-13

Family

ID=50624555

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14720068.7A Withdrawn EP3005539A2 (fr) 2013-05-24 2014-04-15 Moteur électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3005539A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016518808A (fr)
CN (1) CN105247768A (fr)
DE (1) DE102013209713A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014187616A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4092903A1 (fr) * 2021-05-17 2022-11-23 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Unité électrique d'entraînement pour une machine-outil électrique et machine-outil électrique dotée dune unité électrique d'entraînement
DE102021120652A1 (de) 2021-08-09 2023-02-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Rotor für einen Elektromotor und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Elektromotor

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2429886A1 (de) * 1974-06-21 1976-01-08 Volkswagenwerk Ag Elektro-fahrzeug
JPS5195314A (fr) * 1975-02-14 1976-08-20
JPH02118164U (fr) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-21
TW513005U (en) * 2000-11-20 2002-12-01 Power Vision Corp Variable torsion motor
EP1227569A1 (fr) * 2001-01-24 2002-07-31 Power Vision Corp. Moteur électrique avec un couple adapté automatiquement
JP2004207393A (ja) * 2002-12-24 2004-07-22 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd ロータリーソレノイド
US7112907B2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2006-09-26 Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. Flux modifier for a permanent magnet brush-type motor using wound field coils combined with permanent magnets
CN100486082C (zh) * 2005-12-31 2009-05-06 李金东 直流电机
CN101626188B (zh) * 2008-07-09 2012-11-07 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 一种电机、电机定子及电机定子芯片
JP4901844B2 (ja) * 2008-11-28 2012-03-21 三菱電機株式会社 整流子電動機及び送風機及び電気掃除機
DE102011078994A1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine für einen Lenkantrieb

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105247768A (zh) 2016-01-13
DE102013209713A1 (de) 2014-11-27
JP2016518808A (ja) 2016-06-23
WO2014187616A3 (fr) 2015-08-27
WO2014187616A2 (fr) 2014-11-27

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