EP3004756B1 - Kältekreislauf - Google Patents

Kältekreislauf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3004756B1
EP3004756B1 EP13726194.7A EP13726194A EP3004756B1 EP 3004756 B1 EP3004756 B1 EP 3004756B1 EP 13726194 A EP13726194 A EP 13726194A EP 3004756 B1 EP3004756 B1 EP 3004756B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
condenser
subcooling
refrigeration circuit
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13726194.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3004756A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Schrey
Joerg KURZAY
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Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
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Publication of EP3004756A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004756A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3004756B1 publication Critical patent/EP3004756B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigeration circuit, and in particular a refrigeration circuit comprising means for leak detection.
  • Refrigeration circuits comprising in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant a compressor unit for compressing the refrigerant, at least one condenser and at least one evaporator having a expansion device connected upstream thereof are well known in the art.
  • a refrigerant receiver (or buffer) is provided.
  • Said refrigerant receiver stores excessive liquid refrigerant which is currently not needed for optimum operation of the system, and releases liquid refrigerant back to the system if more refrigerant is needed or if the system has lost refrigerant due to a leak.
  • Said receiver typically is equipped with a device, e.g. a liquid level sensor, for detecting the level of liquid stored within the receiver.
  • the liquid level sensor In case of refrigerant being lost due to leakage, the liquid level sensor provides an alarm signal as soon as the level of refrigerant stored within the receiver falls below the predetermined minimum liquid level.
  • the system usually comprises an amount of refrigerant which is considerably larger than the amount of refrigerant which is needed under most operation conditions, the system may lose a large amount of refrigerant before the predetermined minimum refrigerant level is reached and the alarm is set off.
  • the refrigerant charge adequacy of an air conditioning system is determined by the sensing of two temperatures in the system, one being at a midpoint in a condenser coil and the other being the temperature in the liquid line of the condenser discharge, with the difference then being indicative of the degree of subcooling, which, in turn, may be indicative of refrigerant charge condition.
  • the method is refined by measuring a third temperature at the compressor discharge, with the three temperature values then being used to calculate a pair of residual values which provide an indication of whether the two temperature approach is useful in determining charge adequacy under the existing conditions and if not, whether the system is overcharged or undercharged
  • a refrigeration circuit comprises in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant: a compressor unit for compressing the refrigerant; a condenser; and at least one evaporator having an expansion device connected upstream thereof; the refrigeration circuit further comprising a subcooling temperature sensor located at an outlet of the condenser for measuring the temperature of refrigerant leaving the condenser; a control unit functionally connected to the subcooling temperature sensor and configured for detecting a leak in the refrigeration circuit based on the refrigerant temperature measured by the subcooling temperature sensor, wherein the condenser comprises a liquefying portion configured for at least partially liquefying the refrigerant and a subsequent subcooling portion configured for subcooling and storing liquefied refrigerant; wherein the outlet of the condenser, particularly the outlet of the subcooling portion, is connected to the expansion device of the at least one evaporator through a receiver-free connection line.
  • the subcooling portion is connected either directly to the liquefying portion, i.e. without an additional device arranged between the liquefying portion and the subcooling portion, or only by means of a gas-liquid-separator as it will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3 .
  • a method for detecting a leak in a refrigeration circuit comprises the steps of compressing the refrigerant; at least partially liquefying the refrigerant in a liquefying portion of a condenser; flowing the at least partially liquefied refrigerant from the liquefying portion to a subsequent subcooling portion of the condenser; subcooling the refrigerant in the subcooling portion of the condenser; leading the refrigerant from the outlet of the condenser, particularly the outlet of the subcooling portion, to an expansion device of at least one evaporator in a direct, receiver-free manner, and evaporating the refrigerant; the method further comprising the steps of measuring the temperature of the liquid refrigerant leaving the subcooling portion of the condenser; and detecting a leak in the refrigeration circuit based on the liquid temperature measured by the subcooling temperature sensor.
  • the at least partially liquefied refrigerant is lead to the liquefying portion either directly, i.e. without an additional device arranged between the liquefying portion and the subcooling portion, or by means of a gas-liquid-separator separating the gaseous portion from the liquid portion as it will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3 .
  • the refrigeration circuit 1a comprises in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant, which is indicated by arrow A, a compressor unit comprising at least one compressor 2 for compressing the refrigerant; at least one condenser 4 and at least one evaporator 10 having a corresponding expansion device 8 connected upstream thereof.
  • the at least one condenser 4 comprises an upstream-side liquefying portion 4a fluidly connected to an outlet of the compressor 2 and configured for at least partially liquefying the refrigerant supplied by the compressor 2, and a subsequent downstream-side subcooling portion 4b, which is configured for subcooling and storing the refrigerant, which has been liquefied by the liquefying portion 4a of the condenser 4.
  • An outlet of the liquefying portion 4a is connected directly to the liquefying portion 4b, i.e.
  • the liquefying portion 4a and the subcooling portion 4b are either formed integrally with each other and/or are connected by means of a receiver-free connection line, so that the refrigerant, which has been liquefied within the liquefying portion 4a flows directly from the liquefying portion 4a into the subcooling portion 4b.
  • the outlet of the condenser 4, in particular the outlet of the subcooling portion 4b, is fluidly connected to the expansion device 8 of the at least one evaporator 10 by means of a receiver-free connection line 7, so that the liquefied and subcooled refrigerant flows directly, i.e. without passing a receiver, from the subcooling portion 4b into the expansion device 8 without passing another device, in particular without passing a receiver.
  • the subcooling portion 4b of the condenser 4 is not only configured for subcooling the liquefied refrigerant, but also for storing any excessive liquid refrigerant, which is not needed for the operation of the refrigeration circuit 1a under the current ambient conditions in order to fulfill the actual cooling demands. As a result, contrary to the prior art, there is no need to provide an additional receiver for storing the excessive refrigerant.
  • a subcooling temperature sensor 6 is provided a the outlet of the subcooling portion 4b of the condenser 4 in order to measure the temperature of the liquefied and subcooled refrigerant leaving the condenser 4.
  • An expansion device 8 for expanding the liquefied and subcooled refrigerant is provided downstream of the subcooling temperature sensor 6.
  • the expanded refrigerant leaving the expansion device 8 is delivered to at least one evaporator 10 fluidly connected between an outlet of the expansion device 8 and an inlet of the at least one compressor 2.
  • the refrigerant is evaporated thereby providing the desired cooling capacity of the refrigeration circuit 1a.
  • a single compressor 2, a single condenser 4, a single expansion device 8 and a single evaporator 10 are respectively shown; the skilled person, however, will easily understand that a plurality of each of said devices 2, 4, 8, 10 may be provided if necessary or desired.
  • a plurality of evaporators 10 respectively comprising an associated expansion device 8 may be provided in order to provide a plurality of heat sinks, which are e.g. installed in a number of refrigerated goods presentation furnitures provided in a supermarket.
  • the subcooling temperature sensor 6 is functionally, e.g. electrically, connected to a control unit 12, which is configured for operating as leakage detection system by monitoring the temperature signal provided by the subcooling temperature sensor 6.
  • the control unit 12 may be configured to compare the actual temperature signal provided by the subcooling temperature sensor 6 with a predetermined temperature, which is calculated and/or stored by means of a calculation and/or storage unit 14 provided within the control unit 12.
  • control unit 12 If the control unit 12 detects a leakage of refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit 1a, it sets off an alarm, e.g. an optical and/or an acoustical alarm, by means of at least one appropriate alarm device 16, 18 functionally connected to the control unit 12. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit 12 may stop the operation of the compressor(s) 2, in order to avoid a further loss of refrigerant. Alternatively, the compressor(s) 2 may be operated at reduced speed in order to provide at least partial refrigeration capacity without loosing to much refrigerant.
  • an alarm e.g. an optical and/or an acoustical alarm
  • the calculation and/or storage unit 14 may calculate the predetermined temperature or select the predetermined temperature to be compared with the measured temperature from a plurality of stored values based on temperatures measured by at least on additional temperature sensor 20, 22, 24, 26 including e.g. an ambient air temperature sensor 20 and/or refrigerant temperature sensors 22, 24, 26 which are provided at further positions of the refrigeration circuit 1a for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant circulating within the refrigeration circuit 1a.
  • the calculation and/or selection of the predetermined temperature may also be based on an external value, e.g. a desired cooling capacity, which has been input by an operator by means of an input device 28 connected to the control unit 12.
  • an external value e.g. a desired cooling capacity
  • Performing a number of test calculations may even allow to determine the amount of refrigerant lost by comparing the expected (calculated) and the actually measured subcooling temperatures T sub .
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a refrigeration circuit 1b according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the refrigeration circuit 1b according to the second embodiment comprises basically the same components as the refrigeration circuit 1a of the first embodiment, namely in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant, as indicated by arrow A, a compressor unit comprising at least one compressor 2 for compressing the refrigerant; a condenser 4 and at least one evaporator 10a, 10b having a corresponding expansion device 8a, 8b connected upstream thereof.
  • the components of the refrigeration circuit 1b according to the second embodiment which are identical to the corresponding components of the refrigeration circuit 1a according to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 are denoted by the same reference signs and will not be discussed in detail again.
  • the refrigeration circuit 1b according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises two or more evaporators 10a, 10b having a respective expansion device 8a, 8b connected upstream of each of the evaporators 10a, 10b, wherein the outlet of the condenser 4, in particular the outlet of the subcooling portion 4b, is connected to the respective expansion devices 8a, 8b of the two or more evaporators 10a, 10b by a receiver-free connection line 7 branching into receiver-free branch lines 9a, 9b connecting with the respective expansion devices 8a, 8b.
  • Refrigerant temperature sensors 22, 23 may be arranged at each of the conduits connecting the expansion devices 8a, 8b to the respectively associated evaporator 10a, 10b.
  • Each of the expansion devices 8a, 8b may be provided as a switchable expansion device 8a, 8b, which is switchable between an open state, in which it expands the refrigerant circulating within the refrigeration circuit 1b, and a closed state, in which it blocks the flow of refrigerant through the associated evaporator 10a, 10b allowing to selectively activate and deactivate the operation of each of the evaporators 10a, 10b.
  • the degree of expansion provided by the expansion devices 8a, 8b may be adjustable.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a refrigeration circuit 1c according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the refrigeration circuit 1c according to the third embodiment comprises basically the same components as the refrigeration circuit 1a of the first embodiment, namely in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant, as indicated by arrow A, a compressor unit comprising a compressor 2 for compressing the refrigerant; a condenser 40 and an evaporator 10 having a corresponding expansion device 8 connected upstream thereof.
  • the components of the refrigeration circuit 1c according to the third embodiment which are identical to the corresponding components of the refrigeration circuit 1a according to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 are denoted by the same reference signs and will not be discussed in detail again.
  • the condenser 40 according to the third embodiment differs from the condenser 4 of the first embodiment in that a gas-liquid separator 42 is provided between the liquefying portion 40a and the subsequent subcooling portion 40b of the condenser 40.
  • the gas-liquid separator 42 is configured for separating a gas portion from a liquid portion of a gas-liquid-mixture, which leaves the liquefying portion 40a of the condenser 40 in case the condensing capacity of the liquefying portion 40a is not sufficient for condensing all gaseous refrigerant delivered from the compressor 2 to the liquefying portion 40a of the condenser 40.
  • the liquid portion of the gas-liquid-mixture is delivered to the subcooling portion 40b of the condenser 40 for subcooling and storage, as in the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 , and the separated gas portion of the gas-liquid-mixture is delivered by means of a gas-return-line 44 back to the entry of the liquefying portion 40a in order to pass the liquefying portion 40a again for being liquefied as well.
  • a refrigeration circuit 1c according to the third embodiment only liquefied refrigerant is delivered to the subcooling portion 40b of the condenser 40 which increases the efficiency of the subcooling portion 40b. This enhances the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit 1c, as in a refrigeration circuit 1b according to the third embodiment no gaseous refrigerant exits the condenser 40 and enters into the at least one expansion device 8.
  • a refrigeration circuit comprises in the direction of flow of a circulating refrigerant a compressor unit for compressing the refrigerant, at least one condenser, and at least one evaporator having an expansion device connected upstream thereof.
  • the condenser comprises a liquefying portion configured for at least partially liquefying the refrigerant and a subsequent subcooling portion, which is configured for subcooling and storing the liquefied refrigerant.
  • the outlet of the liquefying portion is connected to the the subcooling portion by means of a receiver-free connection line, so that the liquefied refrigerant flows directly, i.e. without passing a receiver, from the liquefying portion into the subcooling portion.
  • the outlet of the condenser in particular the outlet of the subcooling portion, is connected to the expansion device of the at least one evaporator by means of a direct, in particular receiver-free, connection line so that the liquefied and subcooled refrigerant exiting the condenser flows from the subcooling portion into the expansion device without passing another device, in particular without passing a receiver.
  • a method for detecting a leak in a refrigeration circuit comprises the steps of compressing the refrigerant; at least partially liquefying the refrigerant in a liquefying portion of a condenser; leading the at least partially liquefied refrigerant from the liquefying portion to an immediately subsequent subcooling portion of the condenser; subcooling the refrigerant in the subcooling portion of the condenser; leading the refrigerant from the outlet of the condenser, particularly the outlet of the subcooling portion, to an expansion device of at least one evaporator in a direct, i.e. receiver-free, manner, and evaporating the refrigerant.
  • the method further comprises the steps of measuring the temperature of the liquid refrigerant leaving the subcooling portion of the condenser and detecting a leak in the refrigeration circuit based on the liquid temperature measured by the subcooling temperature sensor.
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises a subcooling temperature sensor, which is located at an outlet of the condenser and which is configured for measuring the temperature of refrigerant leaving the subcooling portion of the condenser, and a control unit, which is functionally connected to the temperature sensor and configured for detecting a leak in the refrigeration circuit based on the refrigerant temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
  • measuring and monitoring the temperature of the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser and in particular leaving the subcooling portion of the condenser allows to detect even a small loss of refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit with high reliability and accuracy.
  • any leakage of refrigerant may be reliably detected at an early stage of leakage even if a large amount of refrigerant is still present in the circuit, and the loss of a large amount of refrigerant can be avoided.
  • the refrigeration circuit does not comprise a receiver, the costs and the space for providing such a receiver are saved.
  • the refrigeration circuit may be produced and operated at low costs and occupies only little space.
  • control unit comprises a comparison unit which is configured for comparing the temperatures measured by the subcooling temperature sensor to at least one predetermined value. Comparing the temperatures measured by the subcooling temperature sensor to at least one predetermined value allows an easy and reliable leak detection, as in case a leakage occurs, the subcooling temperature will considerably change and deviate from the predetermined value(s).
  • control unit comprises a calculation unit which is configured for calculating the predetermined value(s). Providing such a calculation unit allows to calculate the predetermined value(s) based on the actual ambient and operating conditions of the refrigeration circuit. It therefore allows to flexibly adjust the predetermined value to said ambient and operating conditions.
  • control unit further comprises a storing unit, which is configured for storing at least one predetermined value, which has been calculated before and/or which has been entered from an external source into the storing unit.
  • a storing unit which is configured for storing at least one predetermined value, which has been calculated before and/or which has been entered from an external source into the storing unit.
  • the refrigeration circuit comprises at least one additional temperature sensor, which is functionally connected to the control unit, and the control unit is configured for calculating the predetermined value and/or selecting the predetermined value from a plurality of stored predetermined values by using the temperature value measured by the at least one of the additional temperature sensors.
  • the at least one additional temperature sensors may be one of an ambient air temperature sensor or a temperature sensor which is configured for measuring the temperature of the circulating refrigerant at a different position of the refrigeration circuit. This allows to adjust the predetermined value to the actual ambient temperature and/or to the temperature(s) of the refrigerant circulating within the refrigeration circuit.
  • control unit is configured to stop the operation of the at least one compressor and/or to set off an alarm signal after detecting a leakage of the refrigeration circuit in order to avoid a further loss of refrigerant.
  • a gas-liquid-separator is arranged between the liquefying portion and the subcooling portion of the condenser, an inlet of the gas-liquid-separator being fluidly connected to an outlet of the liquefying portion of the condenser, a gas outlet of the gas-liquid-separator being fluidly connected to an inlet of the liquefying portion of the condenser, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid-separator being fluidly connected to an inlet of the subcooling portion of the condenser for delivering the gas-phase to the inlet of the liquefying portion to be liquefied.
  • Such a gas-liquid-separator allows to separate a gas portion and a liquid portion from a gas-liquid-mixture leaving the liquefying portion of the condenser. Delivering only liquid refrigerant to the subcooling portion enhances its efficiency and the efficiency of refrigeration circuit.
  • two or more evaporators having a respective expansion device connected upstream thereof are provided.
  • the outlet of the condenser, particularly the outlet of the subcooling portion is connected to the respective expansion devices of the two or more evaporators by a receiver-free connection line branching into receiver-free branch lines connecting to the respective expansion devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) umfassend, in der Strömungsrichtung eines zirkulierenden Kältemittels:
    eine Verdichtereinheit (2) zum Verdichten des Kältemittels;
    einen Kondensator (4, 40); und
    wenigstens einen Verdampfer (10; 10a, 10b) mit einer Expansionseinrrichtung (6), die stromaufwärts davon verbunden ist;
    wobei der Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) ferner einen Unterkühlungstemperatursensor (6) umfasst, der an einem Auslass des Kondensators (4, 40) angeordnet ist, um die Temperatur des Kältemittels zu messen, das den Kondensator (4, 40) verlässt;
    eine Steuereinheit (12), die funktionell mit dem Unterkühlungstemperatursensor (6) verbunden und dazu konfiguriert ist, auf Grundlage eines Vergleichs der Kältemitteltemperatur, die von dem Unterkühlungstemperatursensor (6) gemessen wird, mit einer vorgegebenen Temperatur ein Leck im Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) zu erkennen, wobei die vorgegebene Temperatur aus wenigstens einer Temperatur, die außerhalb des Kondensators gemessen wird, oder aus einem externen Wert, insbesondere der gewünschten Kühlkapazität, berechnet wird;
    wobei der Kondensator (4, 40) einen Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a), der dazu konfiguriert ist, das Kältemittel wenigstens teilweise zu verflüssigen, und einen anschließenden Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) umfasst, der zum Unterkühlen und Speichern von verflüssigtem Kältemittel konfiguriert ist; und
    wobei der Auslass des Kondensators (4, 40), insbesondere der Auslass des Unterkühlungsbereichs (4b, 40b), mit der Expansionseinrichtung (8; 8a, 8b) des wenigstens einen Verdampfers (10; 10a, 10b) durch eine sammelbehälterfreie Verbindungsleitung (7) verbunden ist.
  2. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) mit dem Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a) ohne eine weitere dazwischen angeordnete Vorrichtung oder nur mittels eines Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheiders (42) verbunden ist.
  3. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Steuereinheit (12) eine Vergleichseinheit (14) umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist, die von dem Unterkühlungstemperatursensor (6) gemessene Temperatur mit einem vorgegebenen Wert zu vergleichen.
  4. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Steuereinheit (12) ferner eine Recheneinheit (14) umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist, den vorgegebenen Wert zu berechnen.
  5. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Steuereinheit (12) ferner eine Speichereinheit (14) umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist, wenigstens einen vorgegebenen Wert zu speichern.
  6. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, ferner umfassend wenigstens einen weiteren Temperatursensor (20, 22, 23, 24, 26), der funktionell mit der Steuereinheit (12) verbunden ist, wobei die Steuereinheit (12) dazu konfiguriert ist, den vorgegebenen Wert unter Verwendung des Temperaturwerts, der von dem wenigstens einen der weiteren Temperatursensoren (20, 22, 23, 24, 26) gemessen wird, zu berechnen und/oder auszuwählen.
  7. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach Anspruch 6, wobei der wenigstens eine weitere Temperatursensor (20, 22, 23, 24, 26) wenigstens einer von einem Umgebungslufttemperatursensor (20) und einem Temperatursensor (22, 23, 24, 26) ist, der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Temperatur des Kältemittels zu messen, das in dem Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) zirkuliert.
  8. Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, wobei die Steuereinheit (12) dazu konfiguriert ist, nach dem Erkennen eines Lecks des Kältekreislaufs (1c) den Betrieb des wenigstens einen Verdichters (2) zu reduzieren oder gar anzuhalten und/oder ein Alarmsignal auszulösen.
  9. Kältekreislauf (1c) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheider (42) zwischen dem Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a) und dem Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) des Kondensators (4, 40) angeordnet ist, wobei ein Einlass des Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheiders (42) in Fluidverbindung mit einem Auslass des Verflüssigungsbereichs (4a, 40a) des Kondensators (4, 40) steht.
  10. Kältekreislauf (1c) nach Anspruch 9, wobei ein Gasauslass des Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheiders (42) in Fluidverbindung mit einem Einlass des Kondensators (4, 40) steht, und wobei ein Flüssigkeitsauslass des Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheiders (42) in Fluidverbindung mit einem Einlass des Unterkühlungsbereichs (4b, 40b) des Kondensators (4, 40) steht.
  11. Kältekreislauf (1b) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei zwei oder mehr Verdampfer (10a, 10b) mit einer jeweiligen stromaufwärts davon verbundenen Expansionseinrichtung (8a, 8b) vorgesehen sind, und wobei der Auslass des Kondensators (4, 40), insbesondere der Auslass des Unterkühlungsbereichs (4b, 40b), mit den jeweiligen Expansionseinrichtungen (8a, 8b) der zwei oder mehr Verdampfer (10; 10a, 10b) durch eine sammelbehälterfreie Verbindungsleitung (7) verbunden ist, die sich in sammelbehälterfreie Verzweigungsleitungen (9a, 9b) verzweigt, die mit den jeweiligen Expansionseinrichtungen (8a, 8b) verbunden sind.
  12. Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Lecks in einem Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c), folgende Schritte umfassend
    Verdichten des Kältemittels;
    wenigstens teilweise Verflüssigen des Kältemittels in einem Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a) eines Kondensators (4, 40) ;
    Strömenlassen des wenigstens teilweise verflüssigten Kältemittels vom Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a) zu einem anschließenden Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) des Kondensators (4, 40) ;
    Unterkühlen des Kältemittels im Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) des Kondensators (4, 40);
    Leiten des Kältemittels vom Auslass des Kondensators (4, 40), insbesondere dem Auslass des Unterkühlungsbereichs (4b, 40b), an eine Expansionseinrichtung (8; 8a, 8b) von wenigstens einem Verdampfer (10; 10a, 10b) in sammelbehälterfreier Weise, und Verdampfen des Kältemittels;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ferner folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Berechnen einer vorgegebenen Temperatur aus wenigstens einer Temperatur, die außerhalb des Kondensators gemessen wird, oder aus einem externen Wert, insbesondere der gewünschten Kühlkapazität;
    Messen der Temperatur des flüssigen Kältemittels, das den Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) des Kondensators (4, 40) verlässt; und
    Erkennen eines Lecks im Kältekreislauf (1a; 1b; 1c) auf Grundlage eines Vergleichs der Temperatur des flüssigen Kältemittels, die vom Unterkühlungstemperatursensor (6) gemessen wird, mit der vorgegebenen Temperatur.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei das wenigstens teilweise verflüssigte Kältemittel vom Verflüssigungsbereich (4a, 40a) zum Unterkühlungsbereich (4b, 40b) geleitet wird, ohne eine weitere Vorrichtung mit Ausnahme eines optionalen Gas-Flüssigkeits-Abscheiders (42) zu passieren.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei das Kältemittel vom Auslass des Kondensators (4), insbesondere dem Auslass des Unterkühlungsbereichs (4b), an zwei oder mehr Verdampfer (10a, 10b) mit einer stromaufwärts davon verbundenen jeweiligen Expansionseinrichtung (8a, 8b) durch eine direkte, sammelbehälterfreie Verbindungsleitung (7) geleitet wird, die sich in sammelbehälterfreie Verzweigungsleitungen (9a, 9b) verzweigt, die mit den jeweiligen Expansionseinrichtungen (8a, 8b) verbunden sind.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, ferner umfassend die Schritte des Abscheidens der Gasphase von der Flüssigphase des wenigstens teilweise verflüssigten Kältemittels, Abgeben der Flüssigphase an den Unterkühlungsbereich (40b) des Kondensators (40) und Abgeben der Gasphase an den Verflüssigungsbereich (40a) des Kondensators (40).
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