EP2999866A1 - Moteur à combustion interne à un temps - Google Patents

Moteur à combustion interne à un temps

Info

Publication number
EP2999866A1
EP2999866A1 EP14801886.4A EP14801886A EP2999866A1 EP 2999866 A1 EP2999866 A1 EP 2999866A1 EP 14801886 A EP14801886 A EP 14801886A EP 2999866 A1 EP2999866 A1 EP 2999866A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pistons
piston
stroke
engine
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14801886.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2999866A4 (fr
Inventor
Kyung Soo Han
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Differential Dynamics Corp
Original Assignee
Differential Dynamics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/225,658 external-priority patent/US9169772B2/en
Application filed by Differential Dynamics Corp filed Critical Differential Dynamics Corp
Publication of EP2999866A1 publication Critical patent/EP2999866A1/fr
Publication of EP2999866A4 publication Critical patent/EP2999866A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C9/00—Oscillating-piston machines or engines
    • F01C9/002—Oscillating-piston machines or engines the piston oscillating around a fixed axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
    • F01B7/04—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft
    • F01B7/06—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or vice versa
    • F01B7/08—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or vice versa with side rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/16—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with pistons synchronously moving in tandem arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
    • F01B9/047—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft with rack and pinion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C19/00—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C19/005—Structure and composition of sealing elements such as sealing strips, sealing rings and the like; Coating of these elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/40—Other reciprocating-piston engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/023—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle one
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention relates to providin an efficient internal combustion engin being a one-stroke interna! combustion engine having a coordinated cycle making every stroke a power stroke and, more particularly, to an efficient engine having a reciprocating piston stroke, dedicated intake, compression, ign
  • a reciprocating four-stroke straight piston is well-known in the engine arts.
  • FIG. L there is shown a conventional spark plug 1 that is ignited during an ignition stroke.
  • Vaive 2 is an intake valve for allowing fuel into chamber 9.
  • Valve 3 is an exhaust valve for allowing exhaust which typically comprises some unhurned. faeS, carbon monoxide or other elements demonstrating some inefficiency in combustion to exit chamber 9. This inefficienc is even more pronounced in two-stroke piston engines w ithout dedicated chambers (known two- stroke engines discussed in greater detail below).
  • a rocker arm 4 is pivoted and vaive lifter 6 raises pushrod 5 to lever rocker arm 4 to raise intake vaive 2.
  • FIG. 2 there is typically a camshaft 7, timing belt 8 and the timing belt 8 controls the intake valve 2 lifting with the crankshaft 14 turning,
  • a cylinder 10 is provided along with ring 1 1 , piston 12 and connecting rod 13 to crankshaft 14 which rotates an output shaft in response to four strokes: intake, compression, ignition/combustion and exhaust, more fully shown in PRIOR ART FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an animation sequence for a four -stroke piston of FiG. 1 having dedicated chambers 9 for each of four stokes. Beginning with Intake stroke L intake valve 2 is shown open in Make stroke ! (left) while chamber 9 is expanding to allow ftiel/air to enter chamber 9.
  • Exhaust valve 3 is closed, in Compression stroke 2 (left center), both valves 2 and 3 are closed, the chamber 9 is expanded but is beginnin compression of the fuel in chamber 9 as the crankshaft 14 turns counterclockwise (arrows) prior to ignition.
  • I Ignition stroke 3 (right center), the spark plug 1 is ignited when the fuel/air mixture is compressed so as to cause the piston 12 to move downward from the internal combustion of the ignited mixture. The crankshaft 14 is thus forced to turn from the internal combustion.
  • exhaust valve 3 i opened to allo the combustion results to exit as shown by the arrow above the exhaust valve 3.
  • Chamber 9 is alternatively compressed and expanded with each of the tour strokes ⁇ , 2, 3 and 4. There thus are seen dedicated chambers 9 for each stroke of an .
  • crankshaft 14 When there are four ''four-stroke" pistons as shown in PRIOR ART FIG. 3, ther is provided a coordinated movement of crankshaft 14 as each piston is performing a . different stroke of an engine cycle: from left to right, compression ready for ignition, ignition ready for exhaust, intake complete ready for compression and exhaus read for intake,
  • a conventional two-stroke piston is shown in PRIOR ART FIG. 4.
  • the upstroke is shown on the left and the downstroke is shown on the right.
  • upstroke there is fuel compression, ignition, the transfer port is covered, th connecting rod has pushed up on the piston and the valve is open allowing fuel mixture to be drawn into the crankcase.
  • downstroke (right), the transfer port is uncovered and fuel mixture is forced into the chamber and burned fuel is pushed out by the compressed fuel mixture, the burned fuel shown as black dots.
  • the piston is completely lowered and the connecting rod shows the crankshaft/connecting rod, in a down position.
  • the output shaft is shown rotating counterclockwise.
  • PRIOR ART FiG, 5 shows a conventional two-stroke engine with a turbocharger having one dedicated chamber. Air enters from the left; fuel is injected by a fuel injector. A fuel and air mixture is formed i the crankcase, fills the chamber, is compressed and then is ignited by the SPARK and BURNT Ft' EL is exhausted toward the TURBOCHARGER where it is salvaged to provide further engine power.
  • the well-known WankeJ rotary engine (with Otto, cycle) attributed to Felix Wankel is shown in PRIOR ART FIG. 6. A shaft B is at the middle of an oblong chamber having INTAKE and EXHAUST ports.
  • the triangular rotary piston is shown as piston A and is caused, via gearing shown, to rotate the shaft B through INTAKE, COM PRESSION, IGNITION and EXHAUST.
  • Two spark plugs are shown at the right of the oblong chamber. It may be seen that when the piston A is causing contents of a chamber formed proximate the spark plugs to be compressed, ignition will cause combustion and the rotary piston A wilt rotate the shaft B.
  • a two-strok engine may be defined as an engine having -a power stroke per a revolution of an associated crankshaft of 360° and with two strokes, or. for example, , upward o downward movements (upstrokeVdownstFoke).
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,127,544 issued March 6, 2012 to Sebwiesow et al (Schwiesow) describes the history of so-called • "double acting" two-stroke engines from U. S. Patent No. 1 ,785,643 to W. G, Noack et al issued December 16, 1930, to U. S. Patent Mo. 7,258,086 to Fitzgerald issued August 21 , 2007.
  • FIG. 1 shows pistons 6 and 7, and FIG. 2, shows additional compressor pistons 11 and 12 having a back and forth movement within "free piston engine” 1.
  • Waldrop '008 shows an improvement, to a free piston engine including a fitel injection system. Grow '528. adds scavenging via a "fan scavenged two-stroke cycle.”
  • Bourke Also known is the so-called ' Bourke internal combustion engine named for its inventor, Russell Bourke (FIG.. 8), The Bourke engine is described in GB514842, accepted November 20, 1 39. Bourke shows in his GB '842 patent, PIG. ' s 1-4, oppositely disposed cylinders 20 with pistons therein driving connecting rods 19 and a rotatably mounted crank shaft.
  • the invention consists in driving gear for internal combustion engines having opposed cylinders, pistons and piston rods, a., crank, shaft and transmission means for converting the reciprocating rods of the pistons into rotary motion of the crank shaft
  • transmission means comprises a bearing member encircling the crank pin and mean connected to the .pistons- and engaging against opposite sides of said bearing member characterized in that said means engaging against the bearing member are formed as a pair of separate bearing blocks rigidly mounted on plate like means acting to connect said blocks together.
  • Bourke suggests that "each of the bearings 3, 6, 10 and 15 are preferably made up of inner and outer circular spaced races between which are a number of steel bal!s.”
  • the Sc ' h iesow. engine is shown in. some detail.
  • the Schwiesow engine has double-acting "Two-stroke" pistons that move from one side to the other when alternating ignition occurs.
  • the Bourke engine is shown in some detail having four "Two-stroke" pistons and may be compared to the other depicted PRIOR ART engines.
  • Massey- Harris gasoline engine is shown but is better described as having a rotary two stroke piston.
  • the Massey- Harris engine is attributed to Stuart Maeey and is a reciprocating rotary two-stroke piston engine (w ile the Shwiesow piston reciprocates back and forth from its alternating ignition at each end).
  • a one-stroke piston may be generally defined herein as a piston having a power stroke of I S0°, but we consider the Macey engine as having a rotary two- stroke piston.
  • the one-stroke piston may move from a top dead center to the left and stop and then to the right and stop (completing one stroke) and/or back or forward to comprise a 180° power stroke in each of the backwards or forwards direction.
  • An example of the one-stroke internal combustion engine is Macey, U. S. Published Patent Application No. 2003/0121482, abandoned.
  • a piston block 20 defines a combustion cavit and a compression cavity.
  • a "working assembly- 40" is rotatably disposed in the block 20 including a cylindrical portion 46, a compression paddie 50 and a piston 48. There further is depicted an arcuate combustion cavity 28 and an arcuate compression cavity 30.
  • a drive rod 90 operably interconnects the first and second piston blocks 20 for common driving of the components of the drive block 22.
  • a Table is provided in PRIOR ART FIG. 1 1, that provides a comparison of pro's and con's of four Engines in Development.
  • the Bourke engine has two "Two Straight Pistons" in tine that reciprocate back and forth.
  • An advantage is a low part count and a high specific power ratio.
  • the Bourke engine has one dedicated chamber as it reciprocates through its cycles.
  • the Schwiesow engine ma be described as a double-headed piston in line and reciprocates back and forth. Schwiesow is similar in advantages to Bourke in having fewer parts and a high ratio. Schwiesow has one dedicated chamber.
  • the Macey reciprocating rotary piston engine has similar advantages and disadvantages to the ' ourke and Schwiesow engines.
  • the recent Hofbaiier engine has two opposed pistons in line, it has many parts, started with the German company Kingswage and is well-funded. It has one dedicated chamber.
  • FIG. 12 showing a tabie entitled ENGINE APPLICATIONS of internal combustion engines
  • a tabie entitled ENGINE APPLICATIONS of internal combustion engines there are shown on the left, conventional of currently used internal combustion engines that are in production and are discussed above including, a conventional or currently used 4-siroke piston engine and a conventional 2-stroke piston engine.
  • the tabie is intended to provide the reader with some insight into differences between conventional engines and an embodiment of a i -stroke engine of the present invention first shown as a straight-line 1 -stroke engine in FIG, 14 with a common, central shaft and two double-headed pistons.
  • the 4-stroke engine requires four power strokes or four 4-stroke piston assemblies to rotate the output shaft continuousl or to complete a full cycle.
  • the 2- stroke engine requires two power strokes or two 2-stroke piston assemblies to rotate the output shaft continuously or to complete a full cycle.
  • a I -stroke engine only requires one power stroke or one 1 -stroke piston assembly m order to rotate the output shaft continuously or complete a full cyete. So the number of power strokes required to complete a full cycle is one significant difference between the present engine and a conventional engi e.
  • the power stroke per piston is the same 180" power stroke.
  • the number of piston assemblies may decrease from conventional 4-stroke to 2-stroke to an embodiment of a 1 -stroke engine of the present invention from 4 to 2 to 1 as does the num ber of crankshafts.
  • the currently used 4-stroke piston engine typically has four or more pistons and up to approximately five hundred parts.
  • the 2-stroke engine may have half as many parts, and the DDMotion engine approximately 200 parts.
  • the conventional 4-stroke piston has four dedicated chambers during a piston cycle.
  • the 1 -stroke embodiment of the present invention also has four dedicated chambers, but the 2-stroke engine has one dedicated chamber.
  • the 4-stroke engine has high fuel efficiency as does the 1 -stroke embodiment of the present invention while a conventional 2-stroke engine has low fuel efficiency.
  • the 4-stroke and 1 -Stroke DDMotion engines have low emissions while the 2-stroke engine has a comparably high degree of emissions.
  • the specific, power ratio of a currently used 4-stroke engine is .0 because this conventional engine is selected as a reference.
  • the conventional 2- stroke engine and the DDMotion I -Stroke engine have specific power ratios of 1.5 and greater than 1.5 respectively.
  • the conventional 4-stroke engine is typically used, to power vehicles such as automobiles (cars).
  • the currently used 2-stroke engine is used in small engines and power vehicles.
  • the I -Stroke DDMotion engine may be used in cars, as small engines and in power vehicles, even in power tractors and ships with multiple propellers.
  • the Wankel rotary engine has thre pistons, roughly two hundred fifty parts, has dedicated chambers, a three hundred sixty degree power stroke/piston and has been used typically in automobiles (cars), i.e. , the Mazda RX -7 and RX-8,
  • An embodiment of the present coordinated 1 -stroke internal combustion engine invention will be described herein in two forms, a straight line and a rotary.
  • the straight-line by definition, has at least two pistons in order to form a straight line.
  • the rotary version ma have two or more pistons.
  • the present internal combustion engine embodiments exhibit only about two hundred parts, have dedicated chambers and so exhibit high fuel efficiency and low emission.
  • Their power stroke/piston may rotate the output shaft one hundred eighty degrees. Its specific power ratio may be increased over known engines to greater than 1 .5. Its uses are practically unlimited: for example, vehicles (such as trucks or cars), snowmobiles, lavvnmowers, motorcycles, locomotives and even to power large ships with multiple propellers.
  • a i SO 0 power stroke cycle will be described and depicted from initial start ⁇ starting) through a full, repeating cycle whereby intake and exhaust chambers one through four of the four chambers are each filled with an air/fuel mixture, ignited and exhausted in such a manner that power is produced at great fuel economy.
  • the simple engine of FIG. 14, 19 or 23 may be crankshaft controlled, gear and Sprag controlled (Sprag, herein, will be denoted with a capital “S” to generally indicate a one-way clutch or ratchet bearing as defined further below or per U.S. 8,641 ,570 or its equivalent to provide unidirectional output from two rotational direction input) or otherwise controlled.
  • the control technology as described herein as used in an embodiment of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke or multiple stroke or opposed piston engine may be referred to as a ratchet bearing or a one-way clutch bearing introduced above as a Sprag.
  • a Sprag is a trade name for such a bearing and is commerciall available, fo example, from enotd pie of the United Kingdom and from NMTG of India.
  • Sprag may be used herein as a short-hand for such a bearing and assembly which is free-wheeling in one direction of rotation and engaged in the other rotation direction or its equivalent and may be referred to herein generally as output gears, for example, when discussing a Sprag application in one or more embodiments of an internal combustion engine with a 180° power stroke - rotary or linear/straight-linc or opposed piston.
  • An external housing of such a ratchet or one-wa clutch bearing has a notch for receiving, for example, a needle roller such that when an internal race i moving in one rotational direction, the outer housing may move in either direction and be free-wheeling (or vice versa, if the outer housing rotates, the inner race may move) because the needle roller is loose or free-wheeling and located at one end of its associated notch.
  • the needle roller roils into an engaged position between the race and the notch such thai the housing is controlled to rotate in this other rotational direction with the race.
  • a Spra is also further described and shown in FIG..4C of U.S. Patent No. 8,388,481 issued March 5, 2013 and incorporated by reference as to its entire contents.
  • 026] Further features of the present embodiments include art output shaft rotation of 180° compared with, for example, two-stroke, rotary 360° and four-stroke 720° (FIG. 12). Also, described herein will he a simple sequenced cycle of a rotary engine where control may be provided via a rotary switch or electronic controls. The cycle may be remotely controlled with solenoids and may be designed in a rotary embodiment or a straight/linear embodiment.
  • Output control may b via Sprags and employ a crankshaft, a rotary output, a driver and other gears for clockwise or counterclockwise output shaft rotation (forward and reverse).
  • An opposed piston design will also be described, both straight-line and rotary.
  • FIG. 1 (PRIOR ART) comprises a cross-sect ional view of a known four-stroke straight piston comprising valves, a chamber, a piston, a cylinder, and a connecting rod connecting the piston to a crankshaft and a timing belt connecting the crankshaft to a camshaft.
  • FIG. 2 shows a complete four stroke cycle employing the four- stroke straight pisto of FIG, 1 .
  • FIG, 3 (PRIOR ART) show s a known internal combustion engine with four "Four-stroke" pistons of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG, 4 shows a known two-stroke piston in upstroke and downstroke views
  • FIG. 5 shows a conventional two-stroke engine with a turbocharger.
  • FIG, 6 shows a conventional (Wanker) rotary engine in cross- section.
  • FIG. 7 shows the known Schwiesow engine with double-acting "Two-stroke" pistons that move from one side to the other when alternating ignition occurs.
  • FiG. 8 shows the known Bourke engine in some detail having four "Two-stroke" pistons.
  • FIG. 9 shows the known assey-I larris engine having a rotary two stroke piston.
  • FIG. 10 shows the known Hoibauer engine, a supercharged opposed piston, opposed cylinder (OPOC) two stroke internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 1 1 provides a table showing advantages and disadvantages of the Bourke, Schwiesow, Macey and Hoibauer engines which are known or in development.
  • FIG. 13 provides- a mechanical diagram of first principle- of creating four dedicated chambers for a I -stroke engine wherein a cylinder housing having two chambers #1 and #2 separated by a center plate, the cylinder housing having nested in each chamber a double-headed piston to form four chambers A, B, € and D,
  • FIG. 14 provides a mechanical diagram of a second principle, to actuate the four chambers A, B, C and D simultaneously, for example, by tying the two double-headed pistons together via a central common shaft (or external rods, not shown .
  • An ignition in any of the chambers A, B, € or D actuates both pistons to move either to the ieft or to the right, simultaneously capable of performing four functions per eac stroke.
  • FiG. 15 provides a mechanical diagram of a third principle, to assign coordinated functions to the four chambers, for example, A may be intake, B may be exhaust, G may be ignition and D may be compression and have a coordinated cycle to move the shaft and pistons of FiG. 14 in a reciprocating motion and in such a coordinated cycle wherein intake means filling the dedicated chamber A with fuel while the chamber A is expanding, exhaust means chamber B discharges burned fuel as compression occurs, ignition means a spark plug is igniting compressed fuel in chamber C and compression means compression of the Oiled fuel and air mixture in chamber D. (An alternate assignment of coordinated functions is chamber A may be ignition, B may be exhaust, C may be intake and D may be compression.)
  • FJG. 16 provides a table showing a coordinated cycle of an embodiment of a 1-stroke engine expanding on the dedication of functions to chambers shown in FIG. 15 wherein ailer ignition in chamber C, ignition now occurs m chamber D at the same time as compression occurs in chamber A, intake occurs in chamber B and exhaust occurs in chamber C and so on to compieie a conventional Otto cycle in four strokes, whereby a cycle of four strokes is repeated until the engine igni tion is turned, off.
  • FJG. 17(A) to FIG. ! 7(E) provide a series of mechanical diagrams explaining a theory of how a conventional 4-stroke engine may be compared and differences indicated in a series of steps of conversion from a conventional 4-Stroke engine to a DDMoiion 1 -Stroke engine
  • FIG. 17(A) shows a conventional 4-siroke internal combustion engine known in the art wit pistons #2 and #3 expanded and #1 and #4 compressed, the chamber for pisto #2 being filled with air/gas mixture and chamber #4 showing the air/gas mixture having been ignited being exhausted to the right while chamber #1 has air/gas mixture compressed and ready for ignition
  • FIG. 17(B) shows a simplified schematic of FIG.
  • FIG. 17(A) showing the piston, chamber arrangement
  • FIG. 17(C) shows a first step in realigning the typical 4-stroke engine moving pistons/chambers #] and #4 to an opposite side of a crankshaft and piston/chambers #2 and #3 change places
  • FIG. 17(D) shows a step of aligning piston/chamber #1 and #3 and piston/chamber #2 and M so that a common shaft attaches the two pairs together for turning the crankshaft
  • FIG. 57(E) shows alignin chambers # 1 and #3 and #2 and #4 in a straight line to form an embodiment of a DDivlotion I -Stroke engine.
  • FIG. 18 provides a further table labeled Pistons and Engines with three columns for a conventional 4-stroke engi e, a conventional 2-stroke engine and an embodiment of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine overview wherein the columns provide a number and type of piston (the DDMotion 1 -Stroke embodiment having 2 double-headed pistons, no crankshaft or crankease, four dedicated chambers, no shared chambers and its piston assembly as shown).
  • FIG. 19(A) shows a first embodiment of a straight/linear 1 -Stroke DDMoiion piston with four dedicated chambers A, B, C and D with two double-headed pistons joined by a common central shaft
  • FIG. 19(B) shows a second embodiment of a straight linear 1 -stroke DDMotion piston having the same four chambers and comprising two double-headed pistons but wherein the double-headed pistons are joined by external side rods, replacing the common, central shaft, but performing the same function, namely, to join the two double-headed pistons together,
  • FIG. 20(A) through FIG. 20(C) show the development of an opposed piston, opposed cylinder (OPOC) embodiment of FIG. 20(C) comprising five pistons and four chambers
  • FIG. 20(A) provides a simplified mechanical diagram of an embodiment of a DDfviotion I -Stroke straight two double-headed pistons
  • FIG. 20(B) shows a next step of using an interna! housing within an external housing and externa! rods to permit movement of the engine of FIG. 20(A) within an externa! housing to form a 1 -stroke straight two-piston opposed piston, opposed cylinder (OPOC) engine
  • FIG. 20(C) shows the removal of the interna!
  • FIG. 21 shows the five piston OPOC 1 -Stroke DDMotion embodiment in detail including its connection to a crankshaft via a central shaft: wherein pistons 3, 4 and 5 are attached together by side rods and pistons 1 and 2 are attached to the common central shaft and wherein there are four dedicated chambers A, B, C and 0, [050] FIG.
  • FIG. 22 shows an overview mechanical diagram of a two-stroke straight opposed piston embodiment of a DDMotion OPOC engine wherein the four double- headed pistons # I Cincinnati #2, #3 and #4 and their chambers A, B, C and P form a square and are contained in a housing having a square cross-section and may be adapted according to the principles of the present invention wherein chambers A and C of the first and th i rd double headed pistons are expanded and the chambers B and D of the second and fourth double headed pistons arranged alternately in a conventional configuration are compressed such that the engine repeating cycle of FIG. 14 may be employed to convert a 720 degree cycle to a 180 degree power stroke cycle.
  • FIG, 23 shows an overview of reciprocating rotary piston engine, an embodiment of a 1 -Stroke DDMotion rotary engine in a cylindrical housing having a piston # i and a piston #2 joined by a cylindrical center portion which housing further comprises first and second opposite partitions forraing four dedicated chambers A, B, C and D and wherein conventional vaives and spark plugs may be installed in the partitions or to the cylindrical housing.
  • FIG. 24 shows a mech anical diagram of an embodiment of a DDMotion rotary piston opposed piston, opposed cylinder (OPOC) engine having a DDMotion I -Stroke piston wherein the embodiment comprises four pistons, pistons #3 and #4 being integral with or attached to an internal cylindrical housing of an external cylindrical housing and pistons #1 and #2 are joined by a cylindrical center portion and central crankshaft forming four dedicated chambers A, B, C and D and wherein conventional valves and spark plugs may be installed to end plates of the external cylindrical housin (not shown).
  • OPOC DDMotion rotary piston opposed piston, opposed cylinder
  • FIG. 25(A) through 25(C) show mechanical diagrams of alternative embodiments forming N-stroke pistons following the principles of a I -Stroke DDMotion engine
  • FIG. 25(A) is a mechanical diagram of a 4-siroke piston engine having four single-headed pistons # L #2, #3 and #4, each housed in a separate housing and forming one dedicated chamber A each, and each having a central, common shaft coupled to a common crankshaft for turning an output shaft, pistons # 1 and #3 being on opposing sides of the output shaft from pistons #3 and #4
  • FIG. 25( B) shows a mechanical diagram of a 2-stroke piston engine having two double-headed pistons # 1 and #2 forming two dedicated chambers A and B.
  • FIG. 25(C) shows an embodiment of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine having two double- headed pistons # 1 and #2 within a cylindrical housing and forming a straight linea engine with four dedicated chambers A, B, € and D showing that a principle of the present invention is that the present DDMotion 1 -stroke engine may be expanded to become an N-stroke engine of N strokes where may be I , 2, 4 or larger number of pistons - single or double-headed with dedicated chambers.
  • FIG. 26(A) through FIG. 26(D) show alternate means of coupling a 1 -stroke, central common shaft, two double-headed cylinder embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 26(A) and FIG. 26(C) show a side view and an overhead view of a crankshaft machined shaft split bushing embodiment respectively for coupling a 1 -stroke engine to produce an output and FIG. 26(B) and FIG, 26(D) ) show a side view and an overhead view of a Crankgear shaft bearing embodiment respectively for coupling a I -stroke engine to produce an output.
  • FiG.'s 27(A) and (B) show corresponding o verhead and side vie ws of a drivers and gears controlled piston output to an output shaft (FIG, 27(A)) wherein FIG. 27(A) shows a mechanical diagram including a I -Stroke DDMotion engine embodiment coupled to a driver and gear output eontroi and FIG. 27(B) shows a side view where more particular detail is shown of the driver and gear control for reciprocating movement and driving the output shaft of FIG. 27(A).
  • FIG.'s 28(A) and (B) show corresponding side and overhead views of a gears and Sprags controlled piston output of a DDMotion I -Stroke or other engine embodiment wherei FIG, 28(A) shows the gears and Sprags and FIG. 28(B) provides an overhead mechanical diagram showing the central, common shaft input from a piston of, for example, a 1 -stroke engine embodiment and the uni-directionai output given the reciprocating input as well as first and second outputs.
  • FIG. 29(A) and FIG. 29(B) comprise side view and end view mechanical diagrams wherein FIG. 29(A) shows two double-headed pistons forming dedicated chambers A. B, C and D of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke embodiment with intake valve, spark plugs and exhaust valves indicated in a housing having a central, common, output gear and shaft (and an idie gear of bearing) and FIG. 29(B) shows the double-headed pistons in side view with the output shaft 2940 extending to the right from the housing.
  • FIG. 30(A) through FIG. 30(G) comprise ' mechanical diagrams showing a ! - stroke rotary opposed piston embodiment of the present engine invention with TransgearTM gear assembly control, wherein FIG.'s 30(A) and FIG. 30(B) each shows piston #.J m filled shading and piston #2 in slanted line shading with dedicated chambers A, B, C and D numbered and showing reciprocating movement whereby chambers B and D are initially compressed in FIG. 30(A) and expanded in FIG. 30(B) and wherein FIG. 30(C) is a cross-sectional view vertically through FIG.
  • FIG. 30(A) shows the common, central reciprocating input shaft with piston # 1 and piston #2 indicated, Sprag #1 and Sprag 2 and sun and output gears among other gears indicated to control and provide a uni-directional output of a Transgear controlled reciprocating rotary opposed piston embodiment of the present engine invention.
  • FIG. 's 31 (A), FIG. 31(B) and FIG. 3 1 (C) show exemplary embodiments for rotary piston seals wherein FIG, 31 (A) shows a rotary 1 -stroke piston engine embodiment with sea! plates and C-shaped sea! and piston-shaped seal installed in a rotary I -stroke engine of the present invention ; FIG. 31 (B) shows details of the piston-shaped seai of the rotary engine of FIG, 31(A); FIG. 31 (C) shows details of a C-shaped seal; and FIG, 31(D) shows details of a seal plate of the rotary engine of FIG. 35 (A).
  • the present invention is dir cted to applications of, for example, a reciprocating straight or rotary piston in a reciprocating straight or rotary internal combustion engine, straight line, .embodiments ' having more than 1 -stroke , and opposed piston straight and rotary embodiments and various aspects and embodiments will be described with reference to FIG.'s 12-31 wherein FIG. 12 provides typical engine applications of the present invention; FIG.'s 13-15 show the principles of development of a 1 -Stroke DDMotion embodiment and FIG. 16. a 1 -stroke engine cycle, FIG, 17 shows how to rearrange a 4-siroke engine to be a 1 -stroke engine. FIG. 18 shows a psston and engine table, FJC's 1 -31 show further mechanical diagrams of straight-line and rotary, 1- ⁇ stroke and -stroke and opposed pisto embodiments . ' and controls.
  • FIG. 12 provides a table entitled Engine Applications which compares conventional production or currently used 4-Stroke and 2-Stroke engines to a I -Stroke embodiment of the engine of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of reciprocating double-headed pistons joined by a common, ceniral shaft forming dedicated chambers A, B, C and D is first shown in FIG, 14 within what may typically comprise a. cylinder housing having end plates as a typical 1 -Stroke DDMotion engine.
  • FIG. 12 showing a table entitled ENGINE APPLICATIONS of internal combustion engines, there are shown on the left, conventional or currently used interna!
  • combustion engines that are in production and are discussed above including, a conventional or currently used 4-stroke piston engine and a conventional 2-stroke- piston engine.
  • the table is intended to provide the reader with some insight into differences between conventional engines and at) mbodim nt of a 1 -stroke engine of the present invention.
  • To the right is represented data for an exemplary embodiment of the current invention, a l-Sfroke engine of assignee Differential Dynamics Corporation or DDMotion as shown first in FIG. 14.
  • the 4-stroke engine requires four power strokes or four 4-stroke piston assemblies to rotate the output shaft continuously or to complete ' a full cycle.
  • the 2- stroke engine requires two power strokes or two 2-stroke piston assemblies to rotate the output shaft continuously or to complete a full cycle.
  • a 1 -stroke engine only requires one power stroke or one 1 -stroke piston assembly in order to rotate the output shaft continuously or complete a full cycle. So the number of power strokes required to complete a full cycle is one significant difference between the present engine and a conventional engine.
  • the power stroke per engine is the same 180° power stroke.
  • the number of piston assemblies may decrease from conventional 4-stroke to 2-stroke to an embodi ment of a 1 -stroke engine of the present invention from 4 to 2 to 1 as does the number of crankshafts.
  • the currently used 4-stroke piston engine typically has four or more pistons and up to approximately five hundred parts.
  • the 2-stroke engine may have half as many parts, and the DDMotion engine may have approximately 200 parts.
  • the conventional 4-stroke piston has dedicated chambers during a piston cycle.
  • the 1 -stroke embodiment of the present invention also has dedicated chambers, but the 2-stroke engine has one dedicated chamber.
  • the 4-stroke engine has high fuel efficiency as does the 1 -stroke embodiment of the present invention " while a conventional 2-stroke engine has low fuel efficiency.
  • the 4-stroke and ⁇ -Stroke DDMotion engine have low emissions while the 2-stroke engine has a comparabl high degree of emissions.
  • the specific power ratio of a currently used 4-siroke engine is ,0 because this engine is selected as a reference.
  • the conventional 2-stroke " engine and DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine have specific power ratios of 1 ,5 and greater than 1.5 respectively.
  • the conventional 4-stroke engine is typically used to power vehicles such as automobiles (cars).
  • the currently used 2-stroke engine is used in small engines and power vehicles.
  • the 1-Siroke DDMotion engine may be used in ears, as small engines ' and in power vehicles, even to power tractors and ships with multiple propellers.
  • the Wankel rotary engine has three pistons, roughly two hundred fifty parts, has dedicated chambers, a three hundred sixty degree power stroke/piston and has been used typically in automobiles (cars), i.e., the Mazda RX-7 and RX-8.
  • An embodiment of the present .coordinated 1 -stroke internal combustion engine invention is shown in FIG. 14 and will be described herein in two forms, a straight line and a rotary.
  • the sfraight-Jine by definition, has at least two pistons in order to form a straight line.
  • the rotary version may have L 2 or more pistons. Otherwise, the present internal combustion engine embodiments exhibit only about two hundred parts, has dedicated chambers and so exhibits high fuel efficiency and low emission.
  • Its power stroke/piston may rotate the output shaft one hundred eighty degrees or move the piston in one direction in a housing, lis specific power ratio may be increased over known engines to close to 2,0, i.e. greater than 1 ,5.
  • lis uses are practicall ' Unlimited: for example, vehicles (such as trucks or cars), snowmobiles, iawnmowers, motorcycles, locomotives and even to power large ships with multiple propellers.
  • FIG. 13(A) provides a mechanical diagram of a first principle of creating four dedicated chamber for a 1- strOke engine.
  • a cy lindrical housing may have two chambers- #1 and #2 separated by a center plate 1315, the cylindrical housing, having nested In each chamber a double-headed piston, to form four chambers A, B, C and D per FIG. 13(B).
  • Cylinder housing 1300 each shows a cylinder housing 1300 having left end plate 1310-1 and right end plate 1 10-2 which are for sealin the ends of the cyl inder housing 1300.
  • Cylinder housing 1300 ma be a cylindrical housing, have an elliptical cross-section or a square or rectangular cross- section depending on the cross-sectional shape of the pistons within,
  • a center plate 1315 divides the cylinder housing 1300 into chamber #1 and chamber #2 (FIG.
  • FIG. 13(A) shows FIG. 13(B) shows FIG. 13(A) with two double-headed pistons #1 and #2 added, one in each of chamber #1 and chamber #2 of FIG. 13(A).
  • Piston #1 divides chamber #1 into chamber A (shown compressed) and chamber B shown expanded.
  • Piston #2 divides Chamber #2 into chamber C (shown compressed) and chamber D (shown expanded).
  • FIG. 14 shows a second principle of 1 -stroke engine development whereby chambers A. B, C and D are actuated simultaneously.
  • a double-headed piston #1 hav ing been added to chamber #1 and a double headed - piston #2 having been added to chamber #2, these are tied together by centra! common shaft 1410 which may be attached to or integral with the pistons.
  • FIG. 1 it may now be seefi that by adding pistons #' 1 and #2, the two original chambers # 1 and #2 are further divided by the two pistons to form four chambers A, B, C and D which pistons are actuated simultaneously by shaft 1410.
  • the chambers A, B, C and D may be dedicated to functions as described in accordance with the third principle of development.
  • Thi occurs by joining the first and second double-headed pistons by fixed means such as a common central shaft 1410, sisli leaving chambers A, B, C and D (A and C compressed and B and D expanded but not yet dedicated to functions).
  • the central common shaft 1410 may extend to the left, to the right or both to the left and to the right sides and so each side of shaft 1 10 may be used to provide reciprocating motion toward an output.
  • the central, common shaft may be replaced or supplemented by external to the housing rods first shown in FIG. 19(B), Similarly, these external rods may extend to the left, to tiie right or both to the left and to the right.
  • Pistons #1 and #2 move from left to right in reciprocating motion along with shaft 1410.
  • An ignition in any chamber will actuate both pistons to move.
  • Four functions intake, exhaust, ignition and compression) are simultaneously performed per one stroke (movement to the left or movement to the right, for example) - the third principle of 1. -stroke engine development.
  • FIG, 14 provides a mechanical diagram of the second principle, to actuate the four chambers A, B, . C and D simultaneously, for example* by tying the two double-headed pistons together via the central common shaft 1 10 (or external rods, not shown).
  • An ignition in any of the chambers A, B, C or 53 actuates both pistons to move either to the left or to the right, simultaneously, where the four chambers A, B, C and D are capable of perform ing four functions per each stroke (from the left to the right, for example).
  • FIG, 15 provides a mechanical diagram and associated table of the third principle, to assign coordinated functions to the four chambers, for example, chamber A may be intake, chamber B may be exhaust, chamber € may be ignition and chambe D may be compression in a given stroke of a cycle and have a coordinated cycle to move the shaft and pistons of FIG, 14 in a reciprocating motion and in such a coordinated cycle, wherein “intake'” means filling the dedicated chamber A with fuel/air mixture while the chamber A is expanding, '"exhaust” means chamber B discharges burned fuel as compression of the piston occurs, “ignition '1 means a spark plug is igniting compressed fuei and air mixture in chamber C and “compression” means compression of the filled fuel and air mixture in chamber D.
  • intake' means filling the dedicated chamber A with fuel/air mixture while the chamber A is expanding
  • '"exhaust” means chamber B discharges burned fuel as compression of the piston occurs
  • ignition '1 means a spark plug is igniting compressed fuei and air mixture in chamber
  • the pistons are shown moved to the left. Bui on starting an engine, the pistons can be found in any position between and including a left-most and a right-most position. So if ignition occurs of a fuel/air mixture in chamber C, wherever the two pistons are, ⁇ except if they are in a right-most position) they will be encouraged because of the ign ition of the fuel-air mixture to move together to the right.
  • An alternate assignment of coordinated functions to chambers may be that chamber A may be ignition, chamber B may be exhaust, chamber C may be intake and chambe B may be compression.
  • FIG . 16 provides a cycle table of a 1 -stroke engine embodiment of the present invention showing a coordinated cycle (Otto cycle) of an embodiment of 1 -stroke engine expanding on the dedication of functions t chambers shown in FIG, 15.
  • ignition in a second stroke now occurs in chamber D at the same time as compression is assigned to chamber A
  • intake is assigned to chamber B
  • exhaust is assigned to chamber € and so on to complete a conventional Otto cycle in four strokes, whereb a cycle of fo.ur strokes is repeated.
  • the first stroke moves the two joi ed double-headed pistons to the right; the second to the left and so on.
  • ignitio occurs in chamber A.
  • Chamber A shown in FIG. 1.3(B) comprises a cavity: and a volume not filled by the reciprocating piston (acting as a divider) of the cross-sectional volume of the cylindrical housing.
  • chamber B shown in FIG. ! 3B comprises a cavity and a volume not filled by another reciprocating piston.
  • chambers #1 and #2 of FIG. 13(A) are shown filled with two double-headed pistons separating each of chambers # 1 and #2 into four chambers. A, B, C and D, two chambers (A and C) being compressed and two chambers, (B and D) being expanded. Spark or ignition can occur in either chamber A or chamber C to cause the two pistons joined by shaft 14 10 per FIG, 1 to move together to the right.
  • FIG. 17(A) to FIG . 1 7(E) provide a series of mechanical diagrams explaining a theory of how a conventional 4-stroke engine may be compared and differences indicated in a series of steps of conversion from a conventional 4-Stroke engine to a DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine, in particular, referring first to FIG. 17(A), there is shown a conventional 4-stroke internal combustion engine known in the art with pistons #2 and #3 lowered (chambers expanded) and #1 and #4 raised (chambers compressed). The chamber for piston #2 is shown filled with air/gas mixture and chamber #4 shows the air/gas mixture having been ignited being exhausted to the right. Chamber #1 has air/gas mixture compressed and ready for ignition,
  • FIG. 17(B) there is shown a simplified schemaUe of FIG. 17(A) showing the pistons #1, ⁇ #% #3 and #4 and chamber arrangement with pistons #1, #2, #3 and #4 being the same positions in FIG 17(B) as in PIG. 17(A).
  • FIG. 17(C) shows a first step in realignin the typical 4-siroke engine of FIG. 17(A) or (B).
  • FIG, 1 7(D) shows a step of ⁇ aligning pisiotv ' ehamber # 1 and #3 opposite one another and piston/chamber #2 and #4 opposite one another so that a central, common shaft attaches the two pairs of pistons together (ho output shaft shown).
  • FIG. 17(E) shows a final step of aligning chambers with pistons #1 and #3 joined together and #2 and #4 joined together in a straight vertical l ine to form an embodiment of a DDMotion ⁇ -Stroke straight line engine.
  • FIG. 18 provides a further table that may be labeled Pistons and Engines with three columns for 1) a conventional 4-stroke engine, 2) a conventional 2-strok engine and 3) an embodiment of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine overview.
  • the columns of the table each provide in the second row of the table a number and type of piston (the DDMotion 1 -stroke embodiment having 2 double-headed pistons, third and fourth rows, no crankshaft or crankcase shown, fifth row, four dedicated chambers, sixth row, no shared chambers and, seventh row, the piston assembly (as shown).
  • the first row of the table comprise pictures of two conventional pistons in side view, or in the case of a DDMotion I -Stroke engine embodiment, a mechanical diagram of a piston assembly first shown in FIG, 14.
  • the third row of the tabie provides the number of crankshafts for each engine.
  • the fourth row of the tabie provides the number of erankeases.
  • the fifth row of the table provides the number of dedicated chambers.
  • the sixth row provides the number of shared chain ers.
  • the typical 4-stroke conventional engine comprises four piston assemblies
  • the 2-stroke has two piston assejnbiies
  • the DDMotion embodiment may comprise onl one piston assembly.
  • FIG. 19(A) shows a first embodiment of a straight/linear 1 -Stroke DDMotion piston assembly wit four dedicated chambers A, B. C and D and two double-headed pistons, piston # ⁇ and piston #2 joined by a common central shaft 1410 first shown in FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 13 ⁇ A) and FIG. 1 3(B) each show the housing 1300 with end plates 1 310- 1 and 13 10-2 and centra) plate 1315, but FIG. 13(B) shows the cylinder housing 1300 without the central, common shaft 1410.
  • Similar reference numbers will be used herein wherein the first digits of the reference number denote where an element first appears, for example, center plate 1315 first appears in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 There are apertures in end plates 1310-1 and 1310-2 of FIG. 13(A), 19(A) to permit shaft 1410 to have reciprocating motion external to the cylinder housing 1300- There may be .side slots in housing 1.300 of FIG. 19(B) to permit external rods 1 05-1 and 1905-2 to tie piston #i to piston #2 and point to the right to provide reciprocating motion.
  • FIG. 1 (A) the pistons #1 and #2 are in a left side position and the shaft 1410 extends to the left to begin a stroke to the right, f 879] FIG.
  • 19(B) shows a second embodiment of a straight/linear 1 -Stroke DDMotion piston having the same four chambers A, B s C and D and double-headed pistons #1 and #2 wherein the pistons #1 and #2 are joined by external side rods 1905-1 and 3905-2, replacing the common, central shaft 1 1 Q, but performing the same function' to join the double-headed pistons together and move them together. Only one set of rods 1 05 is necessary and may provide output to the left, to the right or to both the left and the right. While a rectangular connection of the first and second pistons is shown to join the pistons # !
  • FIG. 20(A) through FIG. 20(C) show the developmen of an opposed piston, opposed cylinder embodiment of FIG. 20(C) comprising five pistons and four chambers.
  • FIG. 20(A) provides a simplified mechanical diagram of an embodiment of a DDMotion 1 -Stroke straight two double-headed piston engine, for example, of FIG. 19(A).
  • FIG. 19(A) and 20(A) similar reference numerals are used to designate similar elements.
  • the central, common shaft 1410 Is not in a reciprocated movement to either the left or to the right but could join to an output on either side in FIG. 20(A).
  • FIG. 20(B) shows a next step toward an GPOC engine of the present invention of using an interna! housing 1300 within an external housing 2000 and external rods 2005-1 and 2005-2 (one or two sets) pass through external housing 2000 to permit movement of the engine of FIG. 20(A) w ithin the external housing 2000 to form a 1-stroke straight two-piston opposed piston, opposed cylinder GPOC engine.
  • the central, common shaft 1410 in FIG. 20(B) may be connected to or integral with piston # ! and piston #2.
  • centra!, common shaft 1410 may pass through lubricated apertures in each of central wail 1315 and end plates of the housing 1300 and at least one -aperture of an end plate of external housing 2000 (both end plates of housing 2000 showing shaft 1410 extending therefrom).
  • FIG. 20(C) shows the addition of shaded single headed pistons #3 and #5 and double-headed piston #4 (in the center) joined by external rods ' 2005-1 and 2005-2 (or just one Set); removal of the internal housin 1300 leaving external housing 2000 with end plate 2010 shown and an increase in the number of pistons to five including non- shaded double-headed pistons #1 and #2, retained from FIG. 20(B).
  • These pistons #1 and #2 are connected to or integral with common, central shaft 1410.
  • Central shaft 1410 is show n extending through bored, lubricated apertures in each of pistons #3, #4 and #5 and end plates of housing 2010 so that the reciprocating motion may be as smooth and frictio -free as possible by known means.
  • the external rods comprise external rods joined to three of the five pistons (#3, #4 and #5) and pistons # 1 and #2 to shaft 1410 to form the 1 -stroke straight five piston OPOC embodiment.
  • the dedicated chambers of this OPOC embodiment are numbered A, B, C and D where A and C are compressed and B and D expanded between the pistons. Note that shaft 1410 moves to the left when rods 2005 move to the right and vice versa to create a reciprocating output.
  • the external rods may be fixed and only the shaft 1410 move left and right or vice versa, the external rods 2005 move left and right and the shaft 1410 may be fixed in position, [ ⁇ 82]
  • a five piston straight OPOC 1 -stroke piston wherein three crankshafts drive an output shaft will be discussed with reference to FIG. 2 1 with three connections 2120 to the output shaft shown.
  • FIG. 21 shows a five piston OPOC 1 -stroke DDMotion embodiment in detail (similar to that of FIG.
  • FIG. 22 there is shown a four double-headed, straight, opposed pistons embodiment of the present invention such that the four pistons and chambers form a square cross-section surrounding and internal to, for example, square housing 2200.
  • piston #1, 2210- J Inside square housing 2200, against the outer walls of the housing 2200 are the four double-headed pistons, piston #1, 2210- J ; piston #2, 221 -2, piston #3, 2210-3; and piston #4, 2210-4, Each piston has an associated dedicated chamber and gear that is driven thereby.
  • Piston #1 , 2210- 1 has chamber A, 2205- 1 , and gear #1 2215-1.
  • Piston #2, 2210-2 has chamber B, 2205-2, and gear #2 221 -2.
  • Piston #3, 2210-3 has chamber C, 2205-3 and gear 3 2215-3 and piston 4
  • 2210-4 has chamber D, 2205-4 and gear #4, 2215-4
  • the four gears also form a square and are intermeshed such that whichever piston is ignited, ail gears respond in a reciprocating motion depending on which piston is ignited.
  • This engine also has functions dedicated to chambers A, B. C and D and follows a coordinated Otto cycle per FIG. 16
  • FIG. 23 there is shown an embodiment of a ⁇ -stroke rotary piston engine and crankshaft in circular cross-section housing 2300.
  • Housing 2300 has first and second partitions 2325- 1 and 2325-2 which limit the reciprocating movement of piston #1 and piston #2 either connected to or integral with a circular cross-section 2318 surrounding central, common output shaft 2322.
  • the engine shows four dedicated chambers A, B, C and D where A and C are compressed when B and D are expanded and vice versa. Each chamber A, B, C and D follows the dedicated function to chamber table of an Otto cycle shown in FIG. 15 or 16..
  • Piston # 1 and Piston #2 reciprocate between partitions 2325-1 and 2325-2.
  • One stroke of pistons # 1 and #2 comprises one of a clockwise movement from sto to speed to stop when reaching aimost to a respective partition.
  • Another stroke may be a counter-clockwise movement of pistons #1 and #2 together, analogous to the straight lin t -stroke embodiment.
  • Valves and spark plugs may be installed in the partitions 2325-1 and 2325-2 or to the cylinder housing 2300.
  • a rotary engine of FIG. 23 may be stopped with the piston #1 and U2 at approximately top dead center (not with compressed or expanded chambers).
  • the ignition of any air-gas mixture in chamber C will cause the Piston #2 to move counter-clockwise ' in the direction of the arrow shown simultaneously with Piston #1 , Thus, the engine may be started. Nevertheless, the engine of FIG. 23 continues to run following an Otto cycle per FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 16 for the purpose of explaining a rotary I -stroke engine of FIG. 23, the repeating engine cycle will be explained beginning with starting the engine (STARTING) (FIG. 15).
  • Piston rings (seals) for a rotary I -stroke internal combustion engine may be installed and repaired externally to the cylinder housing.
  • two chambers B and D may be first open (expanded) and two cavities, chambers A and C are mostly closed (compressed) by the reciprocating rotary piston/seal in a starting position with blades (paddles) (cylinders) of the piston in the upper right and lower left of FIG 23.
  • the chamber B may be open and is dedicated to exhaust; 2) fuel is filled to make an air/fuel chamber A of the upper left of the cycle table which is the intake chamber; 3) a rotary piston is rotated counter-clockwise CCW to compress chamber B; 4) m stroke 2, chamber B is then filled with an air-fuel mixture and 5 ⁇ chamber D is ignited causing a. clockwise stroke after the initial counter-clockwise stroke.
  • the resulting fuel/air mixture ignition drives the piston # 1 from a position in the upper left uadrant to a position in the upper right quadrant to start the engine Otto cycling and the lower piston #2 also moves clockwise from the lower right quadrant to the lower left quadrant,
  • Conventional means may be used for ignition and fuel ignition such as spark plugs with spark distributed i sequence. Ignition may occur in the embodiments of FIG.'s 16 al any eonvemeni point so as to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture in the chamber to be ignited (chambers A, B, C, D of any of the above-described engines m sequence).
  • embo imen -electronics may be used to properly clock ignition spark and the fuel intake and exhaust times and known devices .. such as valves and seals and the like may be accessed from outside the cylindrical housing.
  • solenoids may actuate opening and .closing (intake and exhaust).
  • Table 1 Assigned functions to a stroke if stroke 1 of FIG, 15 or 1 is the first stroke.
  • a 1 -stroke engine of the present invention may be modified a 4-stroke internal combustion engines as discussed above.
  • Each of the functions assigned to the respective four chambers will go through Otto cycles.
  • Table 2 shows the cycle of chamber A. (Chamber A is selected since the first function may be "intake”,)
  • Table 3 shows the cycles of ail chambers or a rotary of 1 -stroke straight Cycle.
  • FIG. .24 shows mechanical diagram of an embodiment of a DDMotion rotary piston opposed piston, opposed cylinder (OPOC) engine 2400.
  • the engine is contained in a cylinder housing 2400 having a circular cross-section, inside circular housing 2400 is an internal housing having a circular cross-section portion 2405.
  • This housing portion 2405 has connected to it or integral with it piston #3, 2420-1. and piston 4, 2420-2.
  • piston #3, 2420- ⁇ , and piston #4, 2420-2 are able to reciprocate in opposite direction from internal piston #1, 24 J 5-1 and piston #2. 2 15-2.
  • Piston 2415- i and piston 2415-2 are connected to or integral with a central shaft 2422 and share a circular cross section portion 2418 which joins Piston #1 and Piston #2 together and which in turn has, at its center,, a shaft 2422 for output.
  • Four dedicated chambers are formed by the four pistons: chambers A and C are shown compressed while chambers 8 and D are shown expanded.
  • the embodiment comprises four pistons, pistons #3 and #4 being integral with or attached to the interna! cylindrical housing 2405 of an external cylindrical housing 2400.
  • Pistons #1 and #2 are joined by the cylindrical center portion 2418 and centra! crankshaft 2422 forming the four dedicated chambers A, B, € and D.
  • Conventional valves and spark plugs may be installed to end plates of the external cylindrical housing 2400 (not shown).
  • internal pistons #3 and #4 may be connected to rods not shown for joining to an output shaft and the central shaft 2422 may provide a contrary output so that a reciprocating movement occurs between internal housing 2405 and shaft 2422.
  • Externaf housing 2400 may resnain stationary in one embodiment with the internal members performing the reciprocating .clockwise/counterclockwise movement.
  • the rotary OPOC engine follows an Otto cycle, dedicating functions to chambers as explained above with reference to FTG.'s 15 and 16.
  • FIG. 25(A) through 25(C) show mechanical diagrams of alternative embodiments forming N-stroke pistons following the principles of a 1 -stroke engine.
  • FIG. 25(A) is a mechanical diagram of a 4-stroke pisto engine having four single- headed pistons ' # ⁇ , #2, #3 and #4, each housed in a separate housing 2501, 2502, 2503 and 2504 extending to an output shaft 2510. Each of housings 2501, 2502, 2503 and 2504 form one dedicated chamber A. B, C or D in each, and each have a central, common shaft coupled io a common output shaft 2510.
  • Pistons #1 and #3 may be on Opposing sides of the crankshaft 2510 from pistons #2 and. #4.
  • Each piston # 1 through #4 may be a single-headed piston.
  • the engine is a 4-stroke piston engine with 4 single-headed pistons.
  • FIG. 25(B) shows a mechanical diagram of a 2-stroke piston engine having two double-headed pistons #1 and #2 each forming two dedicated chambers A and B and C and D respectively, each within their own housings 2 1 1, 2512 aligned on opposing sides of a centra! common output shaft 2520.
  • Each piston has a central common shaft for driving a crankshaft for turning an output shaft 2520, This is a 2-stroke engine having two double-headed pistons, piston #1 and piston #2.
  • FIG. 25(C) shows an embodiment of a DDMotkm 1 -Stroke engine having two double-headed pistons #1 and #2 within a cylinder housing as seen before for turning an output shaft 2530 via a crankshaft.
  • the engine forms a straight linear engine with four dedicated chambers A, B, C and D, A and C being compressed when B and D are expanded.
  • the FIG.'s 25(A) through 25(C) show a principle of the present invention that the present DDMotion 1 -Stroke engine may be expanded to become an N-stroke engine of N strokes where N may be 1, 2, 4 or larger number of pistons - single or double-headed with dedicated chambers.
  • FIG. 26(A) through FIG. 26(D) show alternate means of coupling a 1 -stroke, central common shaft 2620, two double-headed cylinder embodiment of the present invention to output 2645.
  • FiG. 26(A) and FIG. 26(C) show a side view and an overhead view of a crankshaft machined shaft split bushing embodiment respectively for coupling a 1 -stroke engine having a central, common, reciprocating shaft 2620 coupled to a connector 2630 and shaft 2635 in a manner of a crankshaft machined shaft, spl it bushing to an output 2645 as seen in FIG. 26(C).
  • FIG. 26(B) and FIG. 26(D) show a side view and an overhead view of a Crankgear shaft bearing embodiment respectivel for couplin a 1 - stroke engine to produce an output 2645
  • a similar connector 2630 drives in a reciprocating manner a similar shaft 2635 to a circular Crankgear shaft bearing 2640 having a similar central shaft 2620 for producing the output 2645 of FIG. 26(8) or 26(D).
  • FIG.' s 27(A) and (B) show correspon ing os'erhead and side views of a drivers and gears controlled piston output to an output shaft via a crankshaft (FIG. 27( A)).
  • FIG. 27(A) shows a mechanical diagram including a 1 -Stroke DDMefion rotary engine embodiment (FiG. 23) coupled to a driver and gear output control.
  • any reciprocating input may be controlled - straight or rotary !
  • FIG, 27(B) shows a side view where more particular detail is shown of the driver and gear control for reciprocating movement and driving the output crankshaft of FIG. 27(A).
  • FIG, 27(B) shows in a bottom (front) view a driver 2707 and further gears control for rotary interna! combustio engine embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 20,
  • Shaft 2701 shown in the top (cross-sectional) view is the reciprocating rotary internal combustion engine output which is reciprocating within a ISO" coordinated power cycle as described above.
  • Gear 2702 is attached to engine reciprocating shaft 2701.
  • Gear 2703 is a dummy/idle gear with a bearing 2704.
  • Rack gear 2705 meshes with gear 2702 at the top.
  • Rack gear 503 meshes with gear 2703 at the bottom.
  • Driver 2707 has half- width rack gears 2705 and 2706 and meshes selectively to gears 2702 and 2703.
  • Driver 2707 output is reciprocating back-and-forth and is connected to the output shaft via a crankshaft.
  • Driver 2707 drives a crankshaft (FIG. 27(A)) to convert the back-and-forth movement to unidirectional rotational output per the output shaft of FIG. 27(A).
  • FIG. 28(A) and (B) show corresponding side and overhead views of a gears and Sprags controlled piston output of a DDMotion J -Stroke o other engine embodiment
  • FIG. 27(A) shows the gears and Sprags
  • FIG. 27(B) provides an overhead mechanical diagram showing the central, common shaft input 2803 from a piston of, for example, a 1 -stroke engine embodiment and the uni-direc ionai output 2806B given the reciprocating input as well as a further output shaft 2806A.
  • gears and Sprags defined above which control engine 2800 output to be unidirectional at output shaft 2806B.
  • Engine 2800 is shown comprising an input from piston 2801 and a unidirectional engine output shaft 2806B.
  • Gear 2802 is a gear attached to the reciprocatin shaft 2801 and is meshed to gears 2803A and 28Q3B.
  • Gear 2803A is a gear meshed to gear 2802 and embedded with Sprag 2804A; (Sprag, a one-way rotational gear as indicated above, and denoted with a capital "S" to represent its unidirectional output abiliiy).
  • Gear 28G4A is also a Sprag but is embedded in gear 2803 A.
  • Race 2805 A is a race for Sprag 2803A
  • Shaft 2SG6A is a shaft attached to race 2805A.
  • Gear 2807A is a gear attached to shaft 2806A.
  • Gears 28G3B through 28078 are an identical set to gears 2803 A through 2S07A. Gears 2807A and 2807B are meshed. Shaft 2806B is the output shaft which is unidirectional due to the combined gear and Sprag action. Forward and reverse may be obtained in known manner from my earlier patents and published applications incorporated herein by- reference. Sprags 2804A and 2804B are ratcheting in opposite directions with the reciprocating input 2801 so that the output 28068 becomes unidirectional.
  • FIG. 29(A) and FIG. 29(B) comprise side view and end view mechanical diagrams of two double-headed straight pistons 2915-1 and 291 5-2 joined by a central common shaft.
  • FIG. 29(A) shows two double-headed pistons forming dedicated chambers A, B, C and D (A and C expanded and B and D compressed) of a DDMotion 1 -stroke embodiment with intake valve, spark plugs and exhaust valves indicated in a housing having a central, common, output gear or shaft 2940 (and an idle gear or bearing 2945) and
  • FIG. 29(B) shows the double-headed pistons in side view with the output shaft 2940 extending to the right from the housing and connected to or integral with output gear 2942.
  • FIG. 29(A) and FIG. 29(B) show a demonstration of two doable-headed straight pistons to emulate a more conventional four piston embodiment. Such a conventional four piston interna! combustion engine would have 720° of power stroke.
  • a conventional interna] combustion engine may be converted to practice the principles of the present invention with chambers A and C shown expanded and chambers 8 and 0 shown compressed (FIG. 29(A)) in the first and second parallel, one above the other, pistons 2915- 1 and 2915-2 and have a 180° power stroke.
  • FIG. 29(A) shows chambers A and C expanded and chambers B and P compressed, the engine cycling being an Otto cycle as described above for the dedicated chambers A, B, C and ⁇ per FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 30(A) through FIG. 30(C) comprise mechanical diagrams showing a I - stroke rotary pposed piston embodiment of the present engine invention with Transgear control wherein FiG.'s 29(A) and FIG. 29(B) each shows piston # ⁇ in filled shading and piston #2 in slanted line shading with dedicated chambers A, B, C and D numbered and showing reciprocating movement whereby chambers B and D are initially compressed in FIG. 30(A) and expanded i FIG. 30(B) and wherein FIG. 30(C) shows the common, centra!
  • FIG, 30(A) shows a first position with opposed pistons # 1 and #2 shown at the top with chambers A and C expanded and B and D compressed.
  • FiG.'s 30(A) and 30(B) have chambers A, B. C and D which have dedicated functions to chambers per the Otto cycle of FiG, 16.
  • Piston #i is shown shaded and Piston B is shown in parallel line shading, FiG, 30(B) shows pistons #!
  • FIG. 30(C) sh w's a cross-sectional view of the (OP) engine with piston #1 hidden, but piston #2 (parallel line shading) is visible surrounding central common shaft, output gear and output shaft, idle gears are shown at corresponding left top and bottom positions. Left and right sun gears are identified where the left sun gear may be integral with the shaft or attached to the shaft. An output section is shown at right driven by the shaft comprising first and second Sprags #1 and #2. Ah output gear is integral to or connected to the shaft, A Sprag gear couples the output gear to the output shaft and an output gear is shown integral to or connected to the output shaft, [01061 FiG. 's 35 (A), FIG.
  • FIG. 31(B) and FIG. 31(C) show exemplary embodiments for rotary piston seals wherein FIG. 31 (A) shows a rotary 1 -stroke piston engine embodiment with seal plates, piston-shaped seal and C-shaped seals installed in a rotary . -stroke engine of the present invention, FIG, 3 1(B) shows details of the piston-shaped seal of the rotary engine of FIG. 31 (A). FIG. 31(C) shows details of a C-shaped seal of the rotary engine of FIG. 31(A). FIG. 1 (D) shows a typical seal plate of the seal plates of FiG. 31(A). FlG s 31 (B), FIG. 31 (C) and FIG.
  • FIG. 31 (D) show alternative embodiments of seals and seal plates and provide three views including an overview of • alternative rotar piston seals.
  • FIG, 23 shows a piston at top dead center which may have a C-shaped seal or seal plate (replacing a partition). Seal plates may seal a diameter of the cylindrical housing.
  • FIG. 31 (A) shows seal plates that may be on either side of a piston paddle of the lower portion of the piston
  • FIG. 31 (B) shows an embodiment of a piston-shaped seal of FIG. 31 (A)
  • FIG, 31(C) provides a vie of a seal plate of FIG. 3 1 (A).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des moteurs à combustion interne à un temps qui peuvent comprendre des pistons à mouvement de va-et-vient qui sont soit droits soit rotatifs. Trois principes sont requis pour faire fonctionner des moteurs à un temps : créer quatre chambres dédiées, attribuer des fonctions coordonnées aux chambres et amener les pistons à se déplacer ensemble. Les fonctions ne seront attribuées qu'à un seul temps, mais un cycle d'Otto produit un cycle répété à quatre temps. Comme quatre fonctions sont effectuées simultanément pendant un temps, chaque temps devient un temps de puissance, en réalité, les moteurs à 1-temps sont physiquement réarrangés comme des moteurs à 4-temps. On peut modifier des moteurs droits et rotatifs à un temps pour qu'ils comprennent des moteurs à pistons opposés et à cylindres opposés (OPOC). La sortie à mouvement de va-et-vient des pistons des pistons à un temps peut être convertie en une sortie continuellement rotative par utilisation de vilebrequins dotés de bagues fendues ou de systèmes à bielle et vilebrequin nouvellement développés dotés de paliers classiques. Un moteur à un temps peut ne nécessiter qu'un vilebrequin et ainsi réduire le nombre de pièces et accroître le rapport de puissance spécifique.
EP14801886.4A 2013-05-21 2014-04-22 Moteur à combustion interne à un temps Withdrawn EP2999866A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361825560P 2013-05-21 2013-05-21
US14/225,658 US9169772B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2014-03-26 One-stroke internal combustion engine
PCT/US2014/034859 WO2014189640A1 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-04-22 Moteur à combustion interne à un temps

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EP2999866A1 true EP2999866A1 (fr) 2016-03-30
EP2999866A4 EP2999866A4 (fr) 2017-04-26

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JP (1) JP2016522346A (fr)
KR (1) KR20160009043A (fr)
CN (1) CN105247189A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014189640A1 (fr)

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CN106677895B (zh) * 2016-12-29 2019-06-25 浙江大学 四缸联动活塞发动机和四缸联动活塞发电装置
CN107091154A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-08-25 湖北工业大学 一种直线往复式活塞发动机
CN108915863A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-30 江苏大学 一种四冲程一体式自由活塞发动机及工作方法
WO2021153223A1 (fr) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-05 公祐 前中 Générateur de moteur à pistons libres opposés

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CN105247189A (zh) 2016-01-13
JP2016522346A (ja) 2016-07-28
EP2999866A4 (fr) 2017-04-26
WO2014189640A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
KR20160009043A (ko) 2016-01-25

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