EP2997587B1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2997587B1
EP2997587B1 EP14744072.1A EP14744072A EP2997587B1 EP 2997587 B1 EP2997587 B1 EP 2997587B1 EP 14744072 A EP14744072 A EP 14744072A EP 2997587 B1 EP2997587 B1 EP 2997587B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
breaker according
heat
insulating coating
storage volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14744072.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2997587A1 (en
Inventor
Lukas Zehnder
Erwin Manz
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Publication of EP2997587A1 publication Critical patent/EP2997587A1/en
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Publication of EP2997587B1 publication Critical patent/EP2997587B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/80Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve
    • H01H33/82Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve the fluid being air or gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/53Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56Gas reservoirs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/74Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber wherein the break is in gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/072High temperature considerations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical power generation and transmission. It relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of the independent claim, which in particular in power plants, substations and other facilities of the electric power supply for switching on and off of operating and overcurrents, in particular in the range of medium or high voltage, is used.
  • Such a switch is for example from the European patent applications EP 0 696 040 A1 and EP 0 951 039 A1 known.
  • blow piston switch in which the blow piston is coated with a layer of heat-resistant plastic such as PTFE or polyamide to serve as electrical shield against the contact piece, or to prevent the formation of bases of the switching arc on the blow piston.
  • a layer of heat-resistant plastic such as PTFE or polyamide
  • a circuit breaker according to the invention which can be switched between a closed position and an open position, so that in the open position, an interruption path is formed, which comprises an arcing space; comprises a standing with the arc chamber storage volume for an extinguishing gas, which storage volume has an inlet for the quenching gas, further comprising a valve is provided at the inlet, which comprises a shut-off device, by means of which the inlet is closable.
  • the shut-off body has a heat-insulating coating. The heat-insulating coating serves to avoid plastic deformation of the shut-off.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention which can be switched between a closed position and an open position, comprising a first power connection and a second power connection, wherein in the closed position between the first power connection and the second power connection an electrically conductive connection is formed, in the off position between the first power connection and the second power connection an interruption path is formed, wherein the interruption path comprises an arc space, which is formed between a first, electrically conductively connected to the first power terminal contact element and a second, electrically conductively connected to the second power terminal contact element, standing with the arc chamber in gas exchange storage volume for a quenching gas, which storage volume comprises an inlet for the quenching gas, and wherein at the inlet a valve is provided which comprises a shut-off body, by means of which the inlet is closable, the shut-off body has a heat-insulating coating. Again, the heat-insulating coating serves to prevent plastic deformation of the shut-off.
  • a plastic preferably a polymer
  • a thermoset is used because this remains rigid up to a decomposition temperature and thus in particular a drop formation is prevented.
  • Such droplet formation occurs partly in elastomeric and in particular in thermoplastic plastics, and often leads to flame formation at temperatures in the range or above the decomposition temperature of the corresponding plastic, in particular by igniting droplets or droplets formed.
  • an epoxy resin or epoxy resin system is used as the plastic.
  • a plastic in particular an epoxy resin or epoxy resin system is used for the heat-insulating coating, which is provided with one or more fillers, which are in particular at least substantially uniformly distributed in the plastic volume.
  • fillers such as, for example, aluminum oxide
  • ceramic powders such as, for example, aluminum oxide
  • molybdenum sulfide in powder form good results were achieved in experiments.
  • the filler increases on the one hand, a burn-off resistance of the plastic, on the other hand, a mechanical stability both the heat-insulating coating as well as the coated shut-off body as a whole.
  • a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a low thermal conductivity ⁇ with ⁇ ⁇ 10 W / (mK), preferably ⁇ ⁇ 1.0 W / ( mK), and more preferably ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 W / (mK). This allows a sufficient thermal insulation even with a relatively thin coating with thicknesses in the range of a few 10 .mu.m.
  • a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a modulus of elasticity E with E ⁇ 5 GN / m 2 , preferably E ⁇ 10 GN / m 2 , and especially preferably E ⁇ 20 GN / m 2 .
  • E modulus of elasticity
  • this leads in conjunction with a solid, irreversible material compound, as formed between shut-off and heat-insulating coating, to increased rigidity, especially in annular shut-off, and thus to a reduction of plastic deformation of the shut-off during the turn-off.
  • a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a thermal coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ with ⁇ ⁇ 20 ⁇ 10 -6 / K, preferably ⁇ ⁇ 15 ⁇ 10 -6 / K, and more preferably ⁇ ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
  • a shut-off of a metal with a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion in particular Aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, etc.
  • a plastic is selected for the heat-insulating coating, which has a glass transition temperature T G with T G ⁇ 293K, preferably T G ⁇ 323K, and particularly preferably T G ⁇ 373K.
  • T G glass transition temperature
  • a ceramic material or perfluorocarbons in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are used for the heat-insulating coating.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial axial longitudinal section through a circuit breaker according to the invention, in particular a generator switch, which is shown on the left in a closed position and on the right in an open position.
  • the circuit breaker has a housing 1, which is constructed at least substantially rotationally symmetrical about a switching axis 2 extending in an axial direction.
  • the housing 1 comprises an upper housing part 3 and a lower housing part 4, both made of metal, which are connected by a cylindrical central housing part 5 made of insulating material.
  • the upper housing part 3 is connected to a first power connection, the lower housing part 4 to a second power connection of the circuit breaker.
  • the entire housing 1 is filled with an insulating gas, preferably SF 6 , which serves as an extinguishing gas.
  • a nominal current path is formed on the outside, which in each case to the upper housing part 3 and the lower housing part 4, spaced apart in the axial direction, circumferential, fixed rated current contacts, an upper fixed rated current contact 6 and a lower fixed rated current contact 7 comprises such as a movable rated current contact 8 with circumferentially successive, each the distance between the fixed rated current contacts 6, 7 bridging contact fingers.
  • the movable rated current contact 8 is connected to a switching drive, not shown, through which it bridges in the axial direction between a closed position of the circuit breaker, in which it bridges a distance between the upper fixed rated current contact 6 and the lower fixed rated current contact 7, and an open position of the circuit breaker, in which it is spaced from the upper fixed rated current contact 6, is displaceable.
  • the upper housing part 3 is closed by a horizontal first partition 9 down. It carries a fixed part of a Abbrandschaltan Aunt 10.
  • a contact tulip 11 is mounted as a first contact element with a plurality of circumferentially successive, obliquely downward and directed against the switching axis 2, separated by slots elastic contact fingers.
  • the contact tulip 11 opposite a nozzle 12 surrounding the switching axis 2 is arranged made of electrically insulating material, which has the shape of an upwardly narrowing funnel.
  • sliding guide 13 which also produces a good electrically conductive connection is mounted as a second contact element by means of the switching drive axially movable switching pin 14 which projects in the closed position of the circuit breaker in the contact tulip 11 and touches the outside of the contact fingers becomes. The same are elastically deformed so that they exert a relatively high contact pressure on the switching pin 14.
  • the sliding guide 13 is anchored to a second partition wall 15, which closes the lower housing part 4 upwards. In a central opening of the second partition wall 15, the nozzle 12 is fixed.
  • the switching pin 14 In the off position of the circuit breaker, the switching pin 14 is pulled down so that its tip is below the nozzle 12. If there is an arcing space 16 between the contact tulip 11 and the switching pin 14, a sufficiently large current flows between the first and second power connection at the beginning of a switching process in which the circuit breaker is transferred from the closed position to the open position formed an arc 17 in the arc chamber 16 said contact elements.
  • the arc chamber 16 is surrounded by a continuous annular storage volume, which serves as a heating volume 18.
  • the heating volume 18 is connected to the arc chamber 16 by a contact tulip 11 separating from the nozzle 12 gap forming a circumferential blow slot 19.
  • the blow slot 19 thus forms an outlet and serves as directed against the arc chamber 16 blowing opening. Outside the heating volume 18 is completed by a circumferential third partition 20 made of thermally insulating material, which serves as a heating chamber insulator.
  • a pressure space 25 is defined by the contact tulip 11 flaring upwards and a subsequent annular cover 26 made of electrically insulating material and by a Cap 27 is limited from steel, the latter surrounds the cover 26 at a distance and abuts outside of the same to the first partition 9.
  • the cover 26 and the cap 27 spaced from it form a rotationally symmetrical about the switching axis 2 return channel 28, which in all directions radially in a first region from the pressure chamber 25 on all sides leads outside, and then bent in a second area down and guided in the axial direction to the heating volume 18.
  • An effective cross section of the return channel 28 thus widens steadily in the first area in the direction away from the indexing axis.
  • An opening of the return channel 28 in the heating volume 18 forms an inlet for the insulating gas.
  • a first check valve is installed, which has a first shut-off, which is designed as a circumferential, rigid, preferably made of spring steel, first metal ring 29.
  • a heat-insulating coating 29a made of epoxy resin is provided.
  • a central exhaust port 31 is provided in the cap 27.
  • another exhaust volume 30 'in the lower housing part 4 adjoins the arc chamber 16.
  • a second check valve is installed, which has a second shut-off, which is designed as a circumferential, rigid, second metal ring 24.
  • the switching drive By the switching drive, not shown, starting from the on-position shown on the left, the movable rated current contact 8, the switching pin 14 and the blow piston 22 moves downward. Shortly after the beginning of this movement, the movable rated current contact 8 separates from the upper fixed rated current contact 6, whereby the rated current path is interrupted and the current commutated to the Abbrandschaltan Aunt 10. Something later, the switching pin 14 is pulled out of the contact tulip 11. Between these contact elements, an arc 17 forms, which extends at the end of the switching movement through the arc chamber 16, which was opened by the movement of the switching pin 14 via the switching path.
  • the arc 17 is extinguished at the next zero crossing by the insulating gas from the heating volume 18 partly through the blow slot 19 and the contact tulip 11 in the pressure chamber 25, in which the pressure at this time already strong has fallen, and continues to flow through the exhaust port 31 into the exhaust volume 30.
  • the blow slot 19 thus serves as an outlet for the insulating gas from the heating volume 18 in the arc chamber 16.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a partial enlargement of area A.
  • Fig. 1 In which on the return channel 28 facing the rear side of the first metal ring 29 provided heat insulating coating 29a made of epoxy resin is shown in detail.
  • a thickness of the heat-insulating coating 29a is preferably selected to be smaller than a cross-section of the metal ring 29 which is defined as the square root of a cross-sectional area of the metal ring 29, preferably smaller than a minimum longitudinal extent of the metal ring 29 cross-section.
  • the first metal ring 29 is held in position by an at least partially circumferential projection 9a, which is formed in the heating volume 18 leading to the mouth of the return channel 28 opposite to a provided on the first partition wall 9b 9b in position.
  • an at least partially circumferential projection 9a which is formed in the heating volume 18 leading to the mouth of the return channel 28 opposite to a provided on the first partition wall 9b 9b in position.
  • springs in particular spiral or leaf springs, be provided to press or bias the first metal ring 29 against the mouth.
  • the coating 29a leads to a slightly deteriorated sealing behavior of the first check valve, which, however, remains without influence on a switch-off behavior of the circuit breaker in the context of conventional measurements and investigations.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through the first shut-off body for a circuit breaker according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat-insulating coating 29a of epoxy resin is applied so that it encloses the metal ring 29 on all sides. This allows a simpler and cheaper production on the one hand; on the other hand, a further increased reduction of the deformations.
  • the thickness D of the heat-insulating coating 29a when using epoxy resin it is preferably already sufficient to have values of D ⁇ Q / 2 and / or D ⁇ L min / 2, most preferably even values of D ⁇ Q / 10 and / or D ⁇ L min / 10.
  • the thickness D of the heat-insulating coating 29a of the coating is preferably in the range 0.01 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 1.0 mm, preferably 0.05 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 0.5 mm, most preferably 0.08 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • Minimum longitudinal dimension L min and / or cross-section Q are preferably in a range between 0.5 mm and 20.0 mm, most preferably between 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der elektrischen Energieerzeugung und -übertragung. Sie betrifft einen Leistungsschalter nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs, welcher insbesondere in Kraftwerken, Umspannwerken und anderen Einrichtungen der Elektroenergieversorgung zum Ein- und Ausschalten von Betriebs- und Überströmen, insbesondere im Bereich der Mittel- oder Hochspannung, eingesetzt wird.The invention relates to the field of electrical power generation and transmission. It relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of the independent claim, which in particular in power plants, substations and other facilities of the electric power supply for switching on and off of operating and overcurrents, in particular in the range of medium or high voltage, is used.

TECHNOLOGISCHER HINTERGRUNDTECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Ein derartiger Schalter ist beispielsweise aus den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 696 040 A1 und EP 0 951 039 A1 bekannt.Such a switch is for example from the European patent applications EP 0 696 040 A1 and EP 0 951 039 A1 known.

Beim Schalten von hohen Strömen, wie sie insbesondere im Kurzschlussfall auftreten, entstehen bei derartigen Schaltern in einem Isoliergas in einer Druckkammer und einem Rückführkanal üblicherweise hohe Drücke im Bereich von 10 bis 100 bar und Temperaturen über 2300K. Bei sehr hohen Strömen, insbesondere in einem Bereich oberhalb 250kA, und/oder in kompakt aufgebauten Schaltern können auch Temperaturen bis 3000K oder darüber auftreten. Dies kann dazu führen, dass an einem als Metallring ausgebildeten Absperrkörper eines Rückschlagventils, welches in eine Mündung des Rückführkanals in ein Heizvolumen für das Isoliergas eingebaut ist, plastische Verformungen auftreten, welche dazu führen, dass das Rückschlagventil seine Funktion nicht mehr zufriedenstellend erfüllen kann.When switching high currents, as they occur in particular in the case of short circuit, usually arise in such switches in an insulating gas in a pressure chamber and a return channel high pressures in the range of 10 to 100 bar and temperatures above 2300K. At very high currents, especially in one Range above 250kA, and / or compact switches can also temperatures up to 3000K or more occur. This can lead to plastic deformation occurring on a shut-off valve designed as a metal ring of a check valve, which is installed in a mouth of the return channel in a heating volume for the insulating gas, which cause the check valve can no longer fulfill its function satisfactorily.

Wie Versuche ergeben haben, können solch plastische Verformungen zwar durch eine massivere Ausführung des Absperrkörpers vermieden oder zumindest weitgehend reduziert werden; führen jedoch gleichzeitig zu einer erhöhten Trägheit des Rückschlagventils, so dass dieses im Bedarfsfall den Rückführkanal zu wenig schnell verschliesst, wodurch unerwünscht viel Isoliergas aus dem Heizvolumen abfliessen kann.As tests have shown, such plastic deformations can indeed be avoided or at least largely reduced by a more solid design of the shut-off body; However, at the same time lead to an increased inertia of the check valve, so that it closes the return channel too fast if necessary, whereby undesirable amount of insulating gas can flow out of the heating volume.

Aus DE 29 604 500 U1 ist ein Blaskolbenschalter bekannt, bei dem der Blaskolben mit einer Schicht aus wärmebeständigen Kunststoff wie PTFE oder Polyamid beschichtet ist, um als elektrische Abschirmung gegenüber dem Kontaktstück zu dienen, bzw. um die Ausbildung von Fusspunkten des Schaltlichtbogens auf dem Blaskolben zu verhindern.Out DE 29 604 500 U1 a blow piston switch is known in which the blow piston is coated with a layer of heat-resistant plastic such as PTFE or polyamide to serve as electrical shield against the contact piece, or to prevent the formation of bases of the switching arc on the blow piston.

Es ist deswegen Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Leistungsschalter, anzugeben, mittels welchem die vorstehend beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden können.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a circuit breaker, by means of which the disadvantages described above can be avoided.

BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Diese und weitere Aufgaben werden durch einen Leistungsschalter mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.These and other objects are achieved by a circuit breaker having the features of the independent claim. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemässer Leistungsschalter, welcher zwischen einer Einschaltstellung und einer Ausschaltstellung schaltbar ist, so dass in der Ausschaltstellung eine Unterbrechungsstrecke gebildet ist, welche einen Lichtbogenraum umfasst; umfasst ein mit dem Lichtbogenraum in Gasaustausch stehendes Speichervolumen für ein Löschgas, welches Speichervolumen einen Einlass für das Löschgas aufweist, wobei weiterhin am Einlass ein Ventil vorgesehen ist, welches einen Absperrkörper umfasst, mittels welchem der Einlass verschliessbar ist. Der Absperrkörper weist eine wärmeisolierende Beschichtung auf. Die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung dient der Vermeidung von plastischen Verformungen des Absperrkörpers.A circuit breaker according to the invention, which can be switched between a closed position and an open position, so that in the open position, an interruption path is formed, which comprises an arcing space; comprises a standing with the arc chamber storage volume for an extinguishing gas, which storage volume has an inlet for the quenching gas, further comprising a valve is provided at the inlet, which comprises a shut-off device, by means of which the inlet is closable. The shut-off body has a heat-insulating coating. The heat-insulating coating serves to avoid plastic deformation of the shut-off.

In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters, welcher zwischen einer Einschaltstellung und einer Ausschaltstellung schaltbar ist, umfassend einen ersten Leistungsanschluss und einen zweiten Leistungsanschluss, wobei in der Einschaltstellung zwischen erstem Leistungsanschluss und zweitem Leistungsanschluss eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung gebildet ist, in der Ausschaltstellung zwischen erstem Leistungsanschluss und zweitem Leistungsanschluss eine Unterbrechungsstrecke gebildet ist, wobei die Unterbrechungsstrecke einen Lichtbogenraum umfasst, der zwischen einem ersten, mit dem ersten Leistungsanschluss elektrisch leitend verbundenen Kontaktelement und einem zweiten, mit dem zweiten Leistungsanschluss elektrisch leitend verbundenen Kontaktelement gebildet ist, ein mit dem Lichtbogenraum in Gasaustausch stehendes Speichervolumen für ein Löschgas, welches Speichervolumen einen Einlass für das Löschgas umfasst, und wobei am Einlass ein Ventil vorgesehen ist, welches einen Absperrkörper umfasst, mittels welchem der Einlass verschliessbar ist, weist der Absperrkörper eine wärmeisolierende Beschichtung auf. Auch hier dient die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung der Vermeidung von plastischen Verformungen des Absperrkörpers.In an alternative embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention, which can be switched between a closed position and an open position, comprising a first power connection and a second power connection, wherein in the closed position between the first power connection and the second power connection an electrically conductive connection is formed, in the off position between the first power connection and the second power connection an interruption path is formed, wherein the interruption path comprises an arc space, which is formed between a first, electrically conductively connected to the first power terminal contact element and a second, electrically conductively connected to the second power terminal contact element, standing with the arc chamber in gas exchange storage volume for a quenching gas, which storage volume comprises an inlet for the quenching gas, and wherein at the inlet a valve is provided which comprises a shut-off body, by means of which the inlet is closable, the shut-off body has a heat-insulating coating. Again, the heat-insulating coating serves to prevent plastic deformation of the shut-off.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird als wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Kunststoff, vorzugsweise ein Polymer eingesetzt. Besonders vorzugsweise wird dabei ein Duroplast verwendet, weil dieses bis zu einer Zersetzungstemperatur starr bleibt und somit insbesondere eine Tropfenbildung verhindert wird. Eine solche Tropfenbildung tritt teilweise bei elastomeren und insbesondere bei thermoplastischen Kunststoffen auf, und führt häufig bei Temperaturen im Bereich oder oberhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des entsprechenden Kunststoffs zu einer Flammbildung, insbesondere durch ein Entzünden von gebildeten Tropfen oder Tröpfchen. Besonders vorzugsweise wird als Kunststoff ein Epoxidharz oder Epoxidharz-System eingesetzt.In a preferred development of the circuit breaker according to the invention, a plastic, preferably a polymer, is used as the heat-insulating coating. Particularly preferably, a thermoset is used because this remains rigid up to a decomposition temperature and thus in particular a drop formation is prevented. Such droplet formation occurs partly in elastomeric and in particular in thermoplastic plastics, and often leads to flame formation at temperatures in the range or above the decomposition temperature of the corresponding plastic, in particular by igniting droplets or droplets formed. Particularly preferably, an epoxy resin or epoxy resin system is used as the plastic.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Kunststoff, insbesondere ein Epoxidharz oder Epoxidharz-System eingesetzt, welches mit einem oder mehreren Füllstoffen versehen ist, welche insbesondere zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichmässig im Kunststoffvolumen verteilt sind. Als Füllstoff kann insbesondere Keramikpulver, wie zum Beispiel Aluminiumoxid zum Einsatz kommen; aber auch mit Molybdänsulfid in pulveriger Form wurden in Versuchen gute Ergebnisse erzielt. Der Füllstoff erhöht dabei einerseits eine Abbrandfestigkeit des Kunststoffes, andererseits eine mechanische Stabilität sowohl der wärmeisolierende Beschichtung als auch des beschichteten Absperrkörpers insgesamt.In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive circuit breaker, a plastic, in particular an epoxy resin or epoxy resin system is used for the heat-insulating coating, which is provided with one or more fillers, which are in particular at least substantially uniformly distributed in the plastic volume. In particular ceramic powders, such as, for example, aluminum oxide, can be used as the filler; but also with molybdenum sulfide in powder form, good results were achieved in experiments. The filler increases on the one hand, a burn-off resistance of the plastic, on the other hand, a mechanical stability both the heat-insulating coating as well as the coated shut-off body as a whole.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Material - insbesondere ein Kunststoff wie oben dargestellt - gewählt, der eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit λ mit λ ≤ 10 W/(mK) aufweist, vorzugsweise λ ≤ 1,0 W/(mK), und besonders vorzugsweise λ ≤ 0,3 W/(mK). Dies erlaubt selbst bei einer relativ dünnen Beschichtung mit Dicken im Bereich einiger 10 µm eine ausreichende thermische Isolation.In a further preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention, a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a low thermal conductivity λ with λ ≦ 10 W / (mK), preferably λ ≦ 1.0 W / ( mK), and more preferably λ ≤ 0.3 W / (mK). This allows a sufficient thermal insulation even with a relatively thin coating with thicknesses in the range of a few 10 .mu.m.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Material - insbesondere ein Kunststoff wie oben dargestellt - gewählt, welches einen Elastizitätsmodul E mit E ≥ 5 GN/m2 aufweist, vorzugsweise E ≥ 10 GN/m2, und besonders vorzugsweise E ≥ 20 GN/m2. Insbesondere in Verbindung mit einem Absperrkörper aus einem Metall mit relativ geringem Elastizitätsmodul wie insbesondere Aluminium, Magnesium etc. führt dies in Verbindung mit einer festen, irreversiblen Materialverbindung, wie sie zwischen Absperrkörper und wärmeisolierender Beschichtung ausgebildet ist, zu einer erhöhten Steifigkeit insbesondere bei ringförmigen Absperrkörpern, und somit zu einer Reduzierung von plastischen Verformungen des Absperrkörpers beim Ausschaltvorgang.In a further preferred development of the circuit breaker according to the invention, a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a modulus of elasticity E with E ≥ 5 GN / m 2 , preferably E ≥ 10 GN / m 2 , and especially preferably E ≥ 20 GN / m 2 . In particular, in connection with a shut-off of a metal with a relatively low modulus of elasticity such as aluminum, magnesium, etc., this leads in conjunction with a solid, irreversible material compound, as formed between shut-off and heat-insulating coating, to increased rigidity, especially in annular shut-off, and thus to a reduction of plastic deformation of the shut-off during the turn-off.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Material - insbesondere ein Kunststoff wie oben dargestellt - gewählt, welches einen thermischen Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten α mit α ≤ 20•10-6/K aufweist, vorzugsweise α ≤ 15•10-6/K, und besonders vorzugsweise α ≤ 10•10-6/K. Insbesondere in Verbindung mit einem Absperrkörper aus einem Metall mit relativ hohem thermischen Längenausdehnungskoeffizienten wie insbesondere Aluminium, Beryllium, Magnesium etc. führt dies in Verbindung mit einer festen, irreversiblen Materialverbindung, wie sie zwischen Absperrkörper und wärmeisolierender Beschichtung ausgebildet ist, zu einer Reduzierung von plastischen Verformungen des Absperrkörpers beim Ausschaltvorgang.In a further preferred development of the circuit breaker according to the invention, a material is selected for the heat-insulating coating, in particular a plastic as described above, which has a thermal coefficient of linear expansion α with α ≦ 20 × 10 -6 / K, preferably α ≦ 15 × 10 -6 / K, and more preferably α ≤ 10 · 10 -6 / K. In particular in connection with a shut-off of a metal with a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, in particular Aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, etc., this leads in conjunction with a solid, irreversible material compound, as formed between shut-off and heat-insulating coating, to a reduction of plastic deformation of the shut-off during the turn-off.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters wird für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein Kunststoff gewählt, welcher eine Glasübergangstemperatur T G mit T G ≥ 293K aufweist, vorzugsweise T G ≥ 323K, und besonders vorzugsweise T G ≥ 373K. Die Wahl eines Kunststoffs mit hoher Glasübergangstemperatur gewährleistet dabei eine besonders hohe Robustheit bei hohen Temperaturen und ermöglicht somit eine besonders wirkungsvolle Reduzierung von plastischen Verformungen des Absperrkörpers beim Ausschaltvorgang.In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive circuit breaker, a plastic is selected for the heat-insulating coating, which has a glass transition temperature T G with T G ≥ 293K, preferably T G ≥ 323K, and particularly preferably T G ≥ 373K. The choice of a plastic with high glass transition temperature ensures a particularly high robustness at high temperatures and thus allows a particularly effective reduction of plastic deformation of the shut-off during the turn-off.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalters werden für die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung ein keramisches Material oder Perfluorkarbone, insbesondere Polytetrafluoretylen (PTFE), eingesetzt.In a further preferred development of the circuit breaker according to the invention, a ceramic material or perfluorocarbons, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are used for the heat-insulating coating.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Es zeigen schematisch

  • Fig. 1 einen teilweisen axialen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalter;
  • Fig. 2 eine ausschnittsweise Vergrösserung entsprechend Bereich A aus Fig. 1 für einen erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalter;
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch den ersten Absperrkörper für einen Leistungsschalter gemäss eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung.
It show schematically
  • Fig. 1 a partial axial longitudinal section through a circuit breaker according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 a partial enlargement according to area A from Fig. 1 for a circuit breaker according to the invention;
  • Fig. 3 a cross section through the first shut-off for a circuit breaker according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Grundsätzlich bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche Teile.Basically, like reference numerals designate like parts.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt einen teilweisen axialen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalter, insbesondere einen Generatorschalter, welcher links in einer Einschaltstellung und rechts in einer Ausschaltstellung dargestellt ist. Der Leistungsschalter weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, das um eine in einer axialen Richtung verlaufende Schaltachse 2 zumindest im Wesentlichen rotationssymmetrisch aufgebaut ist. Das Gehäuse 1 umfasst einen oberen Gehäuseteil 3 und einen unteren Gehäuseteil 4, beide aus Metall, welche durch einen zylindrischen mittleren Gehäuseteil 5 aus isolierendem Material verbunden sind. Der obere Gehäuseteil 3 ist mit einem ersten Leistungsanschluss, der untere Gehäuseteil 4 mit einem zweiten Leistungsanschluss des Leistungsschalters verbunden. Das ganze Gehäuse 1 ist mit einem Isoliergas, vorzugsweise SF6, gefüllt, welches als Löschgas dient. Fig. 1 shows a partial axial longitudinal section through a circuit breaker according to the invention, in particular a generator switch, which is shown on the left in a closed position and on the right in an open position. The circuit breaker has a housing 1, which is constructed at least substantially rotationally symmetrical about a switching axis 2 extending in an axial direction. The housing 1 comprises an upper housing part 3 and a lower housing part 4, both made of metal, which are connected by a cylindrical central housing part 5 made of insulating material. The upper housing part 3 is connected to a first power connection, the lower housing part 4 to a second power connection of the circuit breaker. The entire housing 1 is filled with an insulating gas, preferably SF 6 , which serves as an extinguishing gas.

Auf der Höhe des mittleren Gehäuseteils 5 ist aussen eine Nennstrombahn ausgebildet, welche jeweils an den oberen Gehäuseteil 3 und den unteren Gehäuseteil 4 anschliessende, in axialer Richtung voneinander beabstandete, umlaufende, feststehende Nennstromkontakte, einen oberen feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 6 und einen unteren feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 7 umfasst sowie einen beweglichen Nennstromkontakt 8 mit in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden, jeweils den Abstand zwischen den feststehenden Nennstromkontakten 6, 7 überbrückenden Kontaktfingern. Der bewegliche Nennstromkontakt 8 ist mit einem nicht dargestellten Schaltantrieb verbunden, durch welchen er in axialer Richtung zwischen einer Einschaltstellung des Leistungsschalters, in welcher er eine Distanz zwischen dem oberen feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 6 und dem unteren feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 7 überbrückt, und einer Ausschaltstellung des Leistungsschalters, in welcher er vom oberen feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 6 beabstandet ist, verschiebbar ist.At the height of the central housing part 5, a nominal current path is formed on the outside, which in each case to the upper housing part 3 and the lower housing part 4, spaced apart in the axial direction, circumferential, fixed rated current contacts, an upper fixed rated current contact 6 and a lower fixed rated current contact 7 comprises such as a movable rated current contact 8 with circumferentially successive, each the distance between the fixed rated current contacts 6, 7 bridging contact fingers. The movable rated current contact 8 is connected to a switching drive, not shown, through which it bridges in the axial direction between a closed position of the circuit breaker, in which it bridges a distance between the upper fixed rated current contact 6 and the lower fixed rated current contact 7, and an open position of the circuit breaker, in which it is spaced from the upper fixed rated current contact 6, is displaceable.

Der obere Gehäuseteil 3 ist durch eine horizontale erste Trennwand 9 nach unten abgeschlossen. Sie trägt einen feststehenden Teil einer Abbrandschaltanordnung 10. In einer zentralen Öffnung der ersten Trennwand 9 ist als erstes Kontaktelement eine Kontakttulpe 11 gelagert mit mehreren in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden, schräg nach unten und gegen die Schaltachse 2 gerichteten, durch Schlitze getrennten elastischen Kontaktfingern. Der Kontakttulpe 11 gegenüber ist eine die Schaltachse 2 umgebende Düse 12 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material angeordnet, die die Form eines sich nach oben verengenden Trichters aufweist. In einer im unteren Gehäuseteil 4 angeordneten Gleitführung 13, welche auch eine elektrisch gut leitende Verbindung herstellt, ist als zweites Kontaktelement ein mittels des Schaltantriebs axial beweglicher Schaltstift 14 gelagert, welcher in der Einschaltstellung des Leistungsschalters in die Kontakttulpe 11 ragt und von deren Kontaktfingern aussen berührt wird. Dabei werden dieselben elastisch deformiert, so dass sie einen verhältnismässig hohen Kontaktdruck auf den Schaltstift 14 ausüben. Die Gleitführung 13 ist an einer zweiten Trennwand 15 verankert, welche den unteren Gehäuseteil 4 nach oben abschliesst. In einer zentralen Öffnung der zweiten Trennwand 15 ist die Düse 12 befestigt.The upper housing part 3 is closed by a horizontal first partition 9 down. It carries a fixed part of a Abbrandschaltanordnung 10. In a central opening of the first partition wall 9 is a contact tulip 11 is mounted as a first contact element with a plurality of circumferentially successive, obliquely downward and directed against the switching axis 2, separated by slots elastic contact fingers. The contact tulip 11 opposite a nozzle 12 surrounding the switching axis 2 is arranged made of electrically insulating material, which has the shape of an upwardly narrowing funnel. In a arranged in the lower housing part 4 sliding guide 13, which also produces a good electrically conductive connection is mounted as a second contact element by means of the switching drive axially movable switching pin 14 which projects in the closed position of the circuit breaker in the contact tulip 11 and touches the outside of the contact fingers becomes. The same are elastically deformed so that they exert a relatively high contact pressure on the switching pin 14. The sliding guide 13 is anchored to a second partition wall 15, which closes the lower housing part 4 upwards. In a central opening of the second partition wall 15, the nozzle 12 is fixed.

In der Ausschaltstellung des Leistungsschalters ist der Schaltstift 14 nach unten gezogen, so dass seine Spitze unterhalb der Düse 12 liegt. Zwischen der Kontakttulpe 11 und dem Schaltstift 14 liegt dann ein Lichtbogenraum 16. Fliesst zu Beginn eines Umschaltvorgangs, bei welchem der Leistungsschalter von der Einschaltstellung in die Ausschaltstellung überführt wird, ein hinreichend grosser Strom zwischen erstem und zweitem Leistungsanschluss, hat sich am Ende des Umschaltvorgangs zwischen den besagten Kontaktelementen ein Lichtbogen 17 im Lichtbogenraum 16 ausgebildet. Der Lichtbogenraum 16 ist von einem zusammenhängenden ringförmigen Speichervolumen umgeben, welches als Heizvolumen 18 dient. Das Heizvolumen 18 ist mit dem Lichtbogenraum 16 durch einen die Kontakttulpe 11 von der Düse 12 trennenden Spalt, der einen umlaufenden Blasschlitz 19 bildet, verbunden. Der Blasschlitz 19 bildet somit einen Auslass und dient als gegen den Lichtbogenraum 16 gerichtete Blasöffnung. Aussen ist das Heizvolumen 18 durch eine umlaufende dritte Trennwand 20 aus thermisch isolierendem Material abgeschlossen, welche als Heizkammerisolator dient.In the off position of the circuit breaker, the switching pin 14 is pulled down so that its tip is below the nozzle 12. If there is an arcing space 16 between the contact tulip 11 and the switching pin 14, a sufficiently large current flows between the first and second power connection at the beginning of a switching process in which the circuit breaker is transferred from the closed position to the open position formed an arc 17 in the arc chamber 16 said contact elements. The arc chamber 16 is surrounded by a continuous annular storage volume, which serves as a heating volume 18. The heating volume 18 is connected to the arc chamber 16 by a contact tulip 11 separating from the nozzle 12 gap forming a circumferential blow slot 19. The blow slot 19 thus forms an outlet and serves as directed against the arc chamber 16 blowing opening. Outside the heating volume 18 is completed by a circumferential third partition 20 made of thermally insulating material, which serves as a heating chamber insulator.

An den Lichtbogenraum 16 schliesst oben, von demselben durch eine von den Enden der Kontaktfinger der Kontakttulpe 11 gebildete Öffnung getrennt, ein Druckraum 25 an, welcher durch die sich nach oben erweiternde Kontakttulpe 11 und eine anschliessende ringförmige Abdeckung 26 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material sowie durch eine Kappe 27 aus Stahl begrenzt ist, wobei letztere die Abdeckung 26 mit Abstand umgibt und ausserhalb derselben an die erste Trennwand 9 anstösst. Die Abdeckung 26 und die von ihr beabstandete Kappe 27 bilden zwischen sich einen um die Schaltachse 2 rotationssymmetrischen Rückführkanal 28, welcher in einem ersten Bereich vom Druckraum 25 allseitig radial nach aussen führt, und dann in einem zweiten Bereich nach unten umbiegt und in axialer Richtung zum Heizvolumen 18 geführt ist. Ein effektiver Querschnitt des Rückführkanals 28 erweitert sich somit im ersten Bereich stetig in Richtung von der Schaltachse weg. Eine Mündung des Rückführkanals 28 in das Heizvolumen 18 bildet einen Einlass für das Isoliergas. In die Mündung ist ein erstes Rückschlagventil eingebaut, welches einen ersten Absperrkörper aufweist, der als umlaufender, starrer, vorzugsweise aus Federstahl gefertigter, erster Metallring 29 ausgebildet ist. Auf einer dem Rückführkanal 28 zugewandten Rückseite des ersten Metallrings 29 ist eine wärmeisolierende Beschichtung 29a aus Epoxidharz vorgesehen. Als Auspuff, welcher den Druckraum 25 mit dem Inneren des oberen Gehäuseteils 3, welches als Auspuffvolumen 30 dient, verbindet, ist in der Kappe 27 eine zentrale Auspufföffnung 31 vorgesehen. Unten schliesst an den Lichtbogenraum 16 ein weiteres Auspuffvolumen 30' im unteren Gehäuseteil 4 an.At the top of the arc chamber 16, separated therefrom by an opening formed by the ends of the contact fingers of the contact tulip 11, a pressure space 25 is defined by the contact tulip 11 flaring upwards and a subsequent annular cover 26 made of electrically insulating material and by a Cap 27 is limited from steel, the latter surrounds the cover 26 at a distance and abuts outside of the same to the first partition 9. The cover 26 and the cap 27 spaced from it form a rotationally symmetrical about the switching axis 2 return channel 28, which in all directions radially in a first region from the pressure chamber 25 on all sides leads outside, and then bent in a second area down and guided in the axial direction to the heating volume 18. An effective cross section of the return channel 28 thus widens steadily in the first area in the direction away from the indexing axis. An opening of the return channel 28 in the heating volume 18 forms an inlet for the insulating gas. In the mouth, a first check valve is installed, which has a first shut-off, which is designed as a circumferential, rigid, preferably made of spring steel, first metal ring 29. On a return channel 28 facing the rear side of the first metal ring 29, a heat-insulating coating 29a made of epoxy resin is provided. As an exhaust, which connects the pressure chamber 25 with the interior of the upper housing part 3, which serves as an exhaust volume 30, a central exhaust port 31 is provided in the cap 27. At the bottom, another exhaust volume 30 'in the lower housing part 4 adjoins the arc chamber 16.

An der zweiten Trennwand 15 sind mehrere, z. B. vier über den Umfang verteilte Blaszylinder 21 mit vom Schaltantrieb betätigbaren Blaskolben 22 angeordnet, die jeweils über Blaskanäle 23 mit dem Heizvolumen 18 verbunden sind. In Mündungen der Blaskanäle 23 in das Heizvolumen 18 ist ein zweites Rückschlagventil eingebaut, welches einen zweiten Absperrkörper aufweist, der als umlaufender, starrer, zweiter Metallring 24 ausgebildet ist.At the second partition wall 15 are several, z. B. four distributed over the circumference of the blowing cylinder 21 arranged to be actuated by the switching drive blow piston 22, which are each connected via blow channels 23 to the heating volume 18. In mouths of the blowing channels 23 in the heating volume 18, a second check valve is installed, which has a second shut-off, which is designed as a circumferential, rigid, second metal ring 24.

Im Detail läuft ein Ausschaltvorgang folgendermassen ab:In detail, a switch-off process runs as follows:

Durch den nicht dargestellten Schaltantrieb werden, ausgehend von der links dargestellten Einschaltstellung, der bewegliche Nennstromkontakt 8, der Schaltstift 14 und die Blaskolben 22 nach unten bewegt. Kurz nach Beginn dieser Bewegung trennt sich der bewegliche Nennstromkontakt 8 vom oberen feststehenden Nennstromkontakt 6, wodurch die Nennstrombahn unterbrochen wird und der Strom auf die Abbrandschaltanordnung 10 kommutiert. Etwas später wird der Schaltstift 14 aus der Kontakttulpe 11 gezogen. Zwischen diesen Kontaktelementen bildet sich ein Lichtbogen 17 aus, der sich am Ende der Schaltbewegung durch den Lichtbogenraum 16 erstreckt, der durch die Bewegung des Schaltstifts 14 über die Schaltstrecke geöffnet wurde. Dabei erfolgt im Heizvolumen 18 ein Druckaufbau durch die Bewegung der Blaskolben 22, welche eine Isoliergasströmung aus den Blaskolben 21 über die Blaskanäle 23 ins Heizvolumen 18 bewirkt. Falls ein auch durch andere Einwirkungen aufgebauter Druck des Isoliergases im Heizvolumen 18 einen Blasdruck übersteigt, schliesst ein zweites Rückschlagventil 24 und verhindert ein Abströmen von Gas aus dem Heizvolumen 18 in die Blaskanäle 23.By the switching drive, not shown, starting from the on-position shown on the left, the movable rated current contact 8, the switching pin 14 and the blow piston 22 moves downward. Shortly after the beginning of this movement, the movable rated current contact 8 separates from the upper fixed rated current contact 6, whereby the rated current path is interrupted and the current commutated to the Abbrandschaltanordnung 10. Something later, the switching pin 14 is pulled out of the contact tulip 11. Between these contact elements, an arc 17 forms, which extends at the end of the switching movement through the arc chamber 16, which was opened by the movement of the switching pin 14 via the switching path. In this case, in the heating volume 18, a pressure build-up by the movement of the blow piston 22, which causes a Isoliergasströmung from the blow piston 21 via the blow channels 23 into the heating volume 18. If a pressure of the insulating gas in the heating volume 18, which is also built up by other actions, exceeds a blow pressure, a second check valve 24 closes and prevents gas from flowing out of the heating volume 18 into the blower channels 23.

Durch eine vom Lichtbogen 17 durch den Blasschlitz 19 in das Heizvolumen 18 abgestrahlte Hitze wird das Isoliergas in demselben stark aufgeheizt, so dass der Druck im Heizvolumen 18 weiter erheblich erhöht wird.By a radiated from the arc 17 through the blow slot 19 in the heating volume 18 heat the insulating gas is strongly heated in the same, so that the pressure in the heating volume 18 is further increased significantly.

Ein weiterer, sehr wesentlicher Beitrag zum Druckaufbau im Heizvolumen 18 wird durch den Pinchdruck des Lichtbogens 17 geliefert, der durch eine rasche Zusammenziehung desselben im Bereich der Schaltachse 2 erzeugt wird und kurzzeitig eine starke axiale Strömung aus dem Lichtbogenraum 16 in den Druckraum 25 und einen starken Druckanstieg in demselben hervorruft. Dieser Druck wird zum Teil über den Rückführkanal 28 in das Heizvolumen 18 abgeleitet. Dabei ist es günstig, dass der Strömungswiderstand im Rückführkanal 28 dank der Erweiterung des Querschnitts desselben und seiner direkten Führung und einer einbautenfreien Ausbildung sehr gering ist. Das erste Rückschlagventil an der Mündung des Rückführkanals 28 in das Heizvolumen 18 verhindert wiederum, dass das Gas aus dem Heizvolumen 18 abströmt, wenn dort der Druck denjenigen im Druckraum 25, der gewöhnlich verhältnismässig rasch zurückgeht, übertrifft.Another, very significant contribution to the pressure build-up in the heating volume 18 is supplied by the pinch pressure of the arc 17, which is generated by a rapid contraction of the same in the region of the switching axis 2 and briefly a strong axial flow from the arc chamber 16 into the pressure chamber 25 and a strong Pressure increase causes in the same. This pressure is partly derived via the return channel 28 in the heating volume 18. It is favorable that the flow resistance in the return channel 28 thanks to the extension of the cross section of the same and its direct guidance and an installation-free training is very low. The first check valve at the mouth of the return channel 28 in the heating volume 18, in turn, prevents the gas from flowing out of the heating volume 18, when there the pressure exceeds that in the pressure chamber 25, which usually goes back relatively quickly.

Bei sehr hohen Strömen wird ein so hoher Pinchdruck erzeugt, dass eine vollständige Rückführung des Gases in das Heizvolumen zu mechanischer und thermischer Überlastung der Abbrandschaltanordnung 10 führen müsste. Überschüssiger Druck wird daher über die Auspufföffnung 31 direkt in das Auspuffvolumen 30 abgeleitet. Die zentrale Anordnung der Auspufföffnung 31 ist dabei vorteilhaft, da übergrosser Pinchdruck vor allem einen Druckstoss in axialer Richtung erzeugt, der durch die Auspufföffnung 31 unschädlich entweichen kann. Um eine Stromabhängigkeit eines Druckaufbaus im Druckraum 25 zu reduzieren, kann vorzugsweise ein Überdruckventil in die Auspufföffnung eingebaut werden. Nach dem Aufbau eines hohen Drucks im Heizvolumen 18 wird beim nächsten Nulldurchgang der Lichtbogen 17 gelöscht, indem das Isoliergas aus dem Heizvolumen 18 zum einen Teil durch den Blasschlitz 19 und die Kontakttulpe 11 in den Druckraum 25, in welchem der Druck zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits stark gefallen ist, und weiter durch die Auspufföffnung 31 ins Auspuffvolumen 30 abströmt. Der Blasschlitz 19 dient somit als Auslass für das Isoliergas aus dem Heizvolumen 18 in den Lichtbogenraum 16. Beim Abströmen kreuzt eine Gasströmung des Isoliergases zwangsläufig die Lichtbogenstrecke und entfernt im Kreuzungsbereich weitgehend alle ionisierten Gase, so dass sich nach dem Nulldurchgang kein Lichtbogen mehr ausbilden kann. Zum anderen Teil fliesst das Isoliergas parallel zur Lichtbogenstrecke 16 durch die Düse 12 ins weitere Auspuffvolumen 30'.At very high currents, such a high pinch pressure is generated that a complete return of the gas into the heating volume would lead to mechanical and thermal overloading of the burnup circuit arrangement 10. Excess pressure is therefore discharged via the exhaust port 31 directly into the exhaust volume 30. The central arrangement of the exhaust port 31 is advantageous because excessive Pinchdruck mainly produces a pressure surge in the axial direction, which can escape harmlessly through the exhaust port 31. In order to reduce a current dependence of a pressure build-up in the pressure chamber 25, preferably a pressure relief valve can be installed in the exhaust port. After building up a high pressure in the heating volume 18, the arc 17 is extinguished at the next zero crossing by the insulating gas from the heating volume 18 partly through the blow slot 19 and the contact tulip 11 in the pressure chamber 25, in which the pressure at this time already strong has fallen, and continues to flow through the exhaust port 31 into the exhaust volume 30. The blow slot 19 thus serves as an outlet for the insulating gas from the heating volume 18 in the arc chamber 16. When flowing a gas flow of the insulating gas inevitably crosses the arc gap and removed in the crossing region largely all ionized gases, so that after the zero crossing no arc can form more. On the other hand, the insulating gas flows parallel to the arc gap 16 through the nozzle 12 into the further exhaust volume 30 '.

Fig. 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine ausschnittsweise Vergrösserung von Bereich A aus Fig. 1., in welcher die auf der dem Rückführkanal 28 zugewandten Rückseite des ersten Metallrings 29 vorgesehene wärmeisolierende Beschichtung 29a aus Epoxidharz im Detail dargestellt ist. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a partial enlargement of area A. Fig. 1 ., In which on the return channel 28 facing the rear side of the first metal ring 29 provided heat insulating coating 29a made of epoxy resin is shown in detail.

Dabei ist eine Dicke der wärmeisolierenden Beschichtung 29a vorzugsweise kleiner gewählt als ein Querschnitt des Metallrings 29, welcher definiert ist als die Quadratwurzel einer Querschnittsfläche des Metallrings 29 vorzugsweise kleiner als eine minimale Längenausdehnung des Metallrings 29 Querschnitt.In this case, a thickness of the heat-insulating coating 29a is preferably selected to be smaller than a cross-section of the metal ring 29 which is defined as the square root of a cross-sectional area of the metal ring 29, preferably smaller than a minimum longitudinal extent of the metal ring 29 cross-section.

Der erste Metallring 29 wird dabei durch einen mindestens teilweise umlaufend ausgebildeten Vorsprung 9a, welcher einer in das Heizvolumen 18 führenden Mündung des Rückführkanals 28 gegenüberliegend an einer auf der ersten Trennwand 9 vorgesehenen Erhebung 9b ausgebildet ist, in Position gehalten. Vorzugsweise können zwischen erstem Metallring 29 und Vorsprung 9a eine oder mehrere, in Fig. 2 nicht gezeigte Federn, insbesondere Spiral- oder Blattfedern, vorgesehen sein, um den ersten Metallring 29 gegen die Mündung zu pressen bzw. vorzuspannen.The first metal ring 29 is held in position by an at least partially circumferential projection 9a, which is formed in the heating volume 18 leading to the mouth of the return channel 28 opposite to a provided on the first partition wall 9b 9b in position. Preferably, between the first metal ring 29 and projection 9a one or more, in Fig. 2 not shown springs, in particular spiral or leaf springs, be provided to press or bias the first metal ring 29 against the mouth.

Obwohl eine Zersetzungstemperatur von Epoxidharz je nach genauer Zusammensetzung im Bereich von 200-400°C, und damit weit unterhalb einer Maximaltemperatur T max des Isoliergases im Rückführkanal 28 mit T max ≥ 2300K liegt, hat sich in Versuchen überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass die Beschichtung 29a die bei bekannten Leistungsschaltern beobachteten Verformungen des Absperrkörpers wirkungsvoll vermeiden oder sogar ganz verhindern kann, so dass ein Zurückströmen von Isoliergas aus dem Heizvolumen 18 in den Rückführkanal 28 auch nach einer Vielzahl von Ausschaltvorgängen effektiv verhindert wird. Dies liegt einerseits daran, dass aufgrund einer geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit λ des Epoxidharzes im Bereich 0,1 ≤ λ•mK/W ≤ 0,5 eine Erwärmung des Metallrings 29 verhindert oder zumindest weitgehend reduziert wird. Andererseits wird aufgrund eines hohen Elastizitätsmoduls E des Epoxidharzes im Bereich 15 GN/m2E ≥ 20 GN/m2 eine mechanische Stabilisierung des ersten Metallrings 29 erreicht.Although a decomposition temperature of epoxy resin, depending on the exact composition in the range of 200-400 ° C, and thus far below a maximum temperature T max of the insulating gas in the return channel 28 with T max ≥ 2300K, it has surprisingly been found in experiments that the coating 29 a the observed in known circuit breakers can effectively prevent deformations of the shut-off or even completely prevented, so that a back flow of insulating gas from the heating volume 18 in the return channel 28 is effectively prevented even after a variety of shutdown. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that due to a low thermal conductivity λ of the epoxy resin in the range 0.1 ≦ λ • mK / W ≦ 0.5, heating of the metal ring 29 is prevented or at least substantially reduced. On the other hand, due to a high modulus of elasticity E of the epoxy resin in the range of 15 GN / m 2E ≥ 20 GN / m 2, a mechanical stabilization of the first metal ring 29 is achieved.

Wie sich bei Experimenten überraschend gezeigt hat, führt die Beschichtung 29a zwar zu einem geringfügig verschlechterten Dichtverhalten des ersten Rückschlagventils, was jedoch auf ein Ausschaltverhalten des Leistungsschalters im Rahmen üblicher Messungen und Untersuchungen ohne Einfluss bleibt.Although it has surprisingly been found in experiments, the coating 29a leads to a slightly deteriorated sealing behavior of the first check valve, which, however, remains without influence on a switch-off behavior of the circuit breaker in the context of conventional measurements and investigations.

Wie sich ferner gezeigt hat, kann auf eine wärmeisolierende Beschichtung des zweiten Metallrings 24 am zweiten Rückschlagventil verzichtet werden, da im Bereich des zweiten Rückschlagventils deutlich geringere Drücke und Temperaturen im Löschgas auftreten als im Bereich des ersten Rückschlagventils. Wie weiter oben beschrieben, wird durch das zweite Rückschlagventil lediglich kaltes Löschgas mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Druck, vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 1 und 10 bar, mittels der Blaszylinder 21 über die Blaskanäle 23 in das Heizvolumen 18 gepresst. Eine weitere, substantielle Erhöhung des Drucks im Löschgas, vorzugsweise auf Werte zwischen 10 und 100 bar, erfolgt erst durch einen direkten Heizeffekt des Lichtbogens und eine zusätzliche Rückleitung von Löschgas über den Rückführkanal 28 in das Heizvolumen 18.As has also been shown, can be dispensed with a heat-insulating coating of the second metal ring 24 on the second check valve, as in the region of the second check valve significantly lower pressures and temperatures occur in the quenching gas than in the region of the first check valve. As described above, only cold extinguishing gas is pressed by the second check valve with a comparatively low pressure, preferably in a range between 1 and 10 bar, by means of the blowing cylinder 21 via the blowing channels 23 in the heating volume 18. A further, substantial increase in the pressure in the quenching gas, preferably to values between 10 and 100 bar, takes place only by a direct heating effect of the arc and an additional return of extinguishing gas via the return channel 28 into the heating volume 18.

Fig. 3 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einen Querschnitt durch den ersten Absperrkörper für einen Leistungsschalter gemäss eines weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die wärmeisolierende Beschichtung 29a aus Epoxidharz ist dabei so aufgebracht, dass sie den Metallring 29 allseitig umschliesst. Dies erlaubt einerseits eine einfachere und kostengünstigere Herstellung; andererseits eine nochmals erhöhte Reduzierung der Verformungen. Dabei ist wiederum die Dicke D der wärmeisolierenden Beschichtung 29a vorzugsweise kleiner gewählt als der Querschnitt Q des Metallrings 29, welcher definiert ist als die Quadratwurzel der Querschnittsfläche A des Metallrings 29, d.h. Q = √A; vorzugsweise kleiner als die minimale Längenausdehnung L min des Metallrings 29 im Querschnitt. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through the first shut-off body for a circuit breaker according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The heat-insulating coating 29a of epoxy resin is applied so that it encloses the metal ring 29 on all sides. This allows a simpler and cheaper production on the one hand; on the other hand, a further increased reduction of the deformations. Here again, the thickness D of the heat insulating coating 29a preferably selected to be smaller than the cross section Q of the metal ring 29, which is defined as the square root of the cross-sectional area A of the metal ring 29, ie, Q = √ A; preferably smaller than the minimum longitudinal extent L min of the metal ring 29 in cross section.

Wie sich bei Experimenten weiterhin überraschend gezeigt hat, genügen für die Dicke D der wärmeisolierenden Beschichtung 29a bei Verwendung von Epoxidharz vorzugsweise bereits Werte von D < Q/2 und/oder D < L min/2, höchst vorzugsweise sogar Werte von D < Q/10 und/oder D < L min/10. Die Dicke D der wärmeisolierenden Beschichtung 29a der Beschichtung liegt dabei vorzugsweise im Bereich 0,01mm ≤ D ≤ 1,0mm, vorzugsweise 0,05mm ≤ D ≤ 0,5mm, höchst vorzugsweise 0,08mm ≤ D ≤ 0,2mm. Minimale Längenausdehnung L min und/oder Querschnitt Q liegen vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 0,5mm und 20,0mm, höchst vorzugsweise zwischen 1,0mm und 5,0mm.As has also surprisingly been found in experiments, for the thickness D of the heat-insulating coating 29a when using epoxy resin it is preferably already sufficient to have values of D < Q / 2 and / or D <L min / 2, most preferably even values of D < Q / 10 and / or D <L min / 10. The thickness D of the heat-insulating coating 29a of the coating is preferably in the range 0.01 mm ≦ D ≦ 1.0 mm, preferably 0.05 mm ≦ D ≦ 0.5 mm, most preferably 0.08 mm ≦ D ≦ 0.2 mm. Minimum longitudinal dimension L min and / or cross-section Q are preferably in a range between 0.5 mm and 20.0 mm, most preferably between 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm.

Auch wenn die Erfindung vorstehend mit Bezug auf spezifische Ausführungsformen beschrieben und veranschaulicht ist, ist diese nicht auf diese Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Vielmehr können innerhalb des Schutz- und Äquivalenzbereichs der Patentansprüche verschiedene Modifikationen von Einzelheiten vorgenommen werden, ohne dass daraus eine Abweichung von der Erfindung resultiert.Although the invention has been described and illustrated above with reference to specific embodiments, it is not limited to these embodiments. Rather, various modifications of detail may be made within the scope and equivalence of the claims without resulting in any departure from the invention.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
22
Schaltachseswitching axis
33
oberer GehäuseteilUpper housing part
44
unterer Gehäuseteillower housing part
55
mittlerer Gehäuseteilmiddle housing part
66
oberer feststehender Nennstromkontaktupper fixed rated current contact
77
unterer feststehender Nennstromkontaktlower fixed rated current contact
88th
beweglicher Nennstromkontaktmovable rated current contact
99
erste Trennwandfirst partition
9a9a
Vorsprunghead Start
1010
Abbrandschaltanordnungconsumable
1111
KontakttulpeContact tulip
1212
Düsejet
1313
Gleitführungslide
1414
Schaltstiftswitch Probe
1515
zweite Trennwandsecond partition
1616
LichtbogenraumArcing area
1717
LichtbogenElectric arc
1818
Heizvolumenheating volume
1919
Blasschlitzblow slot
2020
dritte Trennwandthird partition
2121
Blaszylinderpuffer cylinder
2222
Blaskolbenpuffer
2323
Blaskanalblow
2424
Rückschlagventilcheck valve
2525
Druckraumpressure chamber
2626
Abdeckungcover
2727
Kappecap
2828
RückführkanalReturn channel
2929
Metallringmetal ring
29a29a
wärmeisolierende Beschichtungheat-insulating coating
3030
Auspuffvolumenexhaust volume
30'30 '
weiteres Auspuffvolumenfurther exhaust volume
3131
Auspufföffnungexhaust port
3232
äusseres Löschkammervolumenouter extinguishing chamber volume

Claims (18)

  1. Circuit breaker, which can be switched between an on-position position and an off-position such that, in the off-position, an interruption path is formed, comprising an arcing space (16); wherein the circuit breaker
    a) comprises a storage volume for a quenching gas which is in gaseous communication with the arcing space (16), wherein said storage volume is provided with an inlet for the quenching gas, and wherein
    b) said inlet is also fitted with a valve comprising an obturator,
    characterized in that
    c) the obturator is provided with a heat-insulating coating (29a) for the prevention of plastic strain.
  2. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating (29a) is formed of a thermosetting plastic.
  3. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating is formed of a material, specifically a plastic, having an elastic modulus E of E ≥ 5 GN/m2, and preferably E > 20 GN/m2.
  4. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating is formed of a material, specifically a plastic, having a longtitudinal coefficient of thermal expansion α of α 0,1 ≤ 20•10-6/K, and preferably α ≤ 10•10-6/K.
  5. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating (29a) is formed of epoxy resin.
  6. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating (29a) is formed of a ceramic material.
  7. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a permanent and irreversible material bond is formed between the obturator and the heat-insulating coating.
  8. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the arcing space is formed between a first contact element and a second contact element, characterized in that a quenching gas which is heated by an arc generated between the contact elements during a breaking operation can be routed from the arcing space (16) via the inlet to the storage volume.
  9. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat-insulating coating (29a) is applied to a surface of the obturator which, in the closed position thereof, faces away from the storage volume.
  10. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage volume is configured as a heating chamber (18), in which the quenching gas can be heated by the heat energy radiated by an arc which is generated by a breaking operation.
  11. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the obturator is formed of metal, preferably of aluminum or steel.
  12. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage volume, for the exchange of gas with the arcing space (16), is provided with an outlet for the quenching gas, which is preferably configured as a puffer opening which is oriented in opposition to the arcing space (16).
  13. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit breaker comprises a pressure chamber (25) which communicates with the arcing space (16) in an axial direction, and which is in gaseous communication with the storage volume via the inlet.
  14. Circuit breaker according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a return channel (28) for the quenching gas is arranged between the pressure chamber (25) and the inlet.
  15. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage volume encloses the arcing space (16) in the radial direction, and is preferably configured in an at least essentially annular or toroidal form.
  16. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quenching gas is SF6, CO2, N2, air, preferably dried air, or a mixture of said gases.
  17. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 9 to 16, insofar as said claims refer to claim 8, characterized in that the circuit breaker is a generator circuit breaker, and the contact elements between which an arc is generated during a breaking operation form part of an arcing contact arrangement, and the generator circuit breaker is also provided with rated current contacts (6, 7, 8).
  18. Circuit breaker according to Claim 17, characterized in that the storage volume is enclosed in the radial direction by an external extinction chamber (32) in which the rated current contacts (6, 7, 8) are arranged, and wherein a circumferential third partition (20) of heat-insulating material separates the storage volume from the external extinction chamber (32).
EP14744072.1A 2013-07-30 2014-07-24 Circuit breaker Active EP2997587B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013108154.1A DE102013108154A1 (en) 2013-07-30 2013-07-30 breakers
PCT/EP2014/065897 WO2015014703A1 (en) 2013-07-30 2014-07-24 Circuit breaker

Publications (2)

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EP2997587A1 EP2997587A1 (en) 2016-03-23
EP2997587B1 true EP2997587B1 (en) 2016-09-21

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US (1) US9865417B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2997587B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105408979B (en)
DE (1) DE102013108154A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2677876C2 (en)
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DE102013108154A1 (en) 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 Abb Technology Ag breakers
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EP4187567B1 (en) * 2021-11-24 2024-06-12 General Electric Technology GmbH An electric arc-blast nozzle with improved mechanical strength and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle

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WO2015014703A1 (en) 2015-02-05
US9865417B2 (en) 2018-01-09
RU2016106702A (en) 2017-09-01
US20160172133A1 (en) 2016-06-16
CN105408979A (en) 2016-03-16
CN105408979B (en) 2018-04-24
EP2997587A1 (en) 2016-03-23
SA516370498B1 (en) 2019-01-24
DE102013108154A1 (en) 2015-02-05
RU2016106702A3 (en) 2018-05-24
RU2677876C2 (en) 2019-01-22

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