EP1970931A1 - High voltage power switch - Google Patents
High voltage power switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1970931A1 EP1970931A1 EP07104193A EP07104193A EP1970931A1 EP 1970931 A1 EP1970931 A1 EP 1970931A1 EP 07104193 A EP07104193 A EP 07104193A EP 07104193 A EP07104193 A EP 07104193A EP 1970931 A1 EP1970931 A1 EP 1970931A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch according
- diffuser
- constriction
- nozzle
- annular body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
- H01H33/7076—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by the use of special materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a switch of the aforementioned type is generally used in the voltage range of over 70 kV and for turn-off currents of over 10 kA.
- This switch contains an insulating gas having arc extinguishing properties, for example based on sulfur hexafluoride and / or nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide, of generally up to several bar pressure.
- the insulating gas is located in a quenching chamber housing of the switch. If the switch is designed as a dead tank breaker (DTB), the quenching chamber housing is housed in a grounded metal container and then has openings through which the insulating gas communicates with the volume enclosed by the metal container. If the switch is designed as a Live Tank Breaker (LTB), the quenching chamber housing is directly exposed to the effect of the atmosphere and is then supported on an exposed also to the effect of the atmosphere outdoor insulator.
- DTB dead tank breaker
- LTB Live Tank Breaker
- such a switch uses the energy of the switching arc to release hot gas from the insulating nozzle.
- the released gas leads to an increase in pressure in a arc zone receiving the switching arc and is - after mixing with a portion of the insulating gas - stored as a pressurized gas in a heating volume of the switch.
- the major part of the released hot gas and thus the energy of the switching arc is not stored in the heating volume, but escapes generally in two oppositely directed partial flows in an expansion space.
- the first partial flow is guided from the arc zone through the insulating nozzle into the expansion space, while the second partial flow is conducted through an arc contact formed as a nozzle tube into the expansion space. In the expansion space, the energy of the escaping gas is reduced.
- the gas is also in the Metal container out, in which it is further cooled by mixing with the existing insulating there.
- the energy of the insulating gas passing into the metal container from the quenching chamber housing determines the dielectric strength of insulation intervals between the quenching chamber housing and the grounded metal container.
- switches of the type mentioned are described in CH 674 103 A5 .
- DE 41 11 932 A1 and EP 0 069 822 B1 These switches each have an insulating nozzle with a nozzle body and a channel arranged in the nozzle body, in which an arc burns in a switching operation between two separating arcing contacts. From the switching arc generated by Düsenabbrand in the high-current phase of the current to be cut off, compressed extinguishing gas is used when approaching the current to be disconnected to a zero crossing of the blowing of the switching arc.
- the nozzle body contains not only an insulating material, which emits extinguishing gas at arc effect, such as typically filled PTFE, the channel also partially limiting inserts of a material which such as graphite, ceramic or boron nitride, largely is resistant to the action of the switching arc. These inserts are arranged above all in the area of a narrow point of the channel and thus prevent unwanted widening of this bottleneck. A bleed gas flow which blows over the switching arc is conducted from the constriction into an expansion space via a widening region of the channel, referred to below as a diffuser.
- the switch CH 674 103 A5 the erosion-resistant inserts beyond the constriction also arranged in the diffuser and in a region of the channel adjoining the constriction opposite to the diffuser.
- the bottleneck of the insulating nozzle is mainly limited by erosion-resistant material, only comparatively little compressed extinguishing gas is available for blowing the switching arc during a switching operation.
- the majority of the gases produced by nozzle combustion is generated in the diffuser and therefore contributes nothing to the formation of a quenching gas flow and to the blowing of the switching arc.
- JP 2003092052 JP 8022754 and JP 8124464 Furthermore, high-voltage circuit breakers are described in which exhaust gases flowing from the diffuser into the expansion space are cooled. As a coolant metal rods, metal plates or a cooling dome are used. The dielectric strength of the switches in a switching operation is thus increased and unwanted flashovers in the occurrence of the recurrent voltage after a current zero crossing are thus largely avoided.
- the object is to provide a switch of the type mentioned, in which a relatively small amount of exhaust gas accumulates during a switching operation, and at the same time by a good switching capacity and by a large Operational safety distinguishes.
- a first section of the nozzle body delimiting the major part of the diffuser has a higher erosion resistance than a second section of the nozzle body delimiting the major part of the constriction.
- the manufacturing costs of an LTB can be reduced or reduced in this way. while maintaining the geometric dimensions of the switching capacity and reliability of the switch can be improved. If the switch is designed as a DTB, then the reduced amount of exhaust gas reduces the risk of occurrence of flashovers between the quenching chamber housing and the grounded metal container substantially and the dimensions of the switch can be kept small resp. its switching capacity and reliability can be improved.
- the first section is made of a erosion-resistant material, in particular based on metal, ceramic or graphite.
- the first section has a greater heat capacity and / or a greater thermal conductivity than the second section.
- Hot gas formed by the arc flash already loses almost half of its energy through radiation at a distance of typically approx. 10 cm. This energy is largely absorbed in the first section due to the large heat capacity and / or thermal conductivity. As a result of this absorption, a significantly reduced proportion of energy enters the expansion space.
- the absorption of the arc radiation is particularly favored by a metal-made, erosion-resistant first section.
- the first portion is designed as a ring body and rigidly attached to a base body, which is made of the material of the second portion and contains the second portion.
- annular body forms a section of the diffuser which adjoins the constriction, commutation of the switching arc to the annular body can be avoided if the annular body is held at an undetermined potential.
- the annular body can be held at the potential of an arc contact that can be passed through the constriction, without the switching arc commutating to the annular body.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 each a plan view of a guided along an axis A section through one of eight embodiments of a high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention, wherein on the left of the axis each one of four of the eight embodiments is shown in the on state and right of the axis each one of the four remaining embodiments during the off ,
- the eight embodiments of the high-voltage circuit breaker according to the invention can, for example, be used in a multi-phase high-voltage network with a rated voltage of 250 kV as a pole for switching one of the phases.
- Each of the embodiments has a largely tubular housing 10 of a quenching chamber.
- the quenching chamber housing 10 each includes a tubular-shaped chamber insulator 11 and two hood-shaped, metal connection fittings 12 and 13, which are attached to both end faces of the insulator 11 and close the quenching chamber housing 10 down and up.
- the quenching chamber housing 10 is filled with a compressed insulating gas, for example based on sulfur hexafluoride or a gas mixture containing sulfur hexafluoride.
- the six embodiments according to the FIGS. 1 . 3 and 4 are each designed as a DTB. Therefore, the inside of these switches communicate with each other Löschschschschhuntgepuruses 10 via openings not shown with a in the FIGS. 1 . 3 and 4 Only symbolically indicated gas-tight closed grounded metal container M. Obviously, the container M takes on the quenching chamber and - not shown in the figures - also a housing 10, respectively. the quenching chamber-supporting quenching chamber insulator and a transmission for transmitting driving force to a largely axially symmetrical contact arrangement.
- the quenching chamber insulator 11 is free-air-resistant, ie it is made of porcelain or a weather-resistant polymer, such as in particular a silicone or epoxy, and has a weather protection 14 on its lateral surface.
- the extinguishing chamber of the LTB is supported on an open-air insulator.
- the filled with the insulating gas housing 10 may be sealed gas-tight, but can also communicate with the volume of the space provided for supporting the quenching chamber outdoor insulator.
- the envisaged in all eight embodiments contact arrangement comprises two along the axis A relative to each other sliding contact pieces 20, 30, of which the contact piece 20 is connected to the transmission, not shown, and is held at the electrical potential of the connection fitting 12, while the contact piece 30th generally fixedly arranged in the quenching chamber housing 10 and held at the electrical potential of the connection fitting 13.
- Both contact pieces 20, 30 contain in coaxial arrangement in each case an inner arcing contact 21 and 31, respectively, and an electrically connected to the arcing contact 21 and 31, tubular, external rated current contact 22 and 32nd
- the rated current contact 22 is formed in a conductor tube 23, whose end forming the rated current contact 22 carries an insulating nozzle 40.
- a heating volume and a compression volume are designated in order, which volumes are guided annularly around the axis A and are bounded radially outward by the conductor tube 23.
- the heating volume 70 is radially inwardly through which can be seen as a nozzle tube trained arcing contact 21 or surrounding this contact (in Fig.1 Dashed lines shown)
- auxiliary nozzle 41 is limited and is connected via an axially symmetrical heating channel 71 with an arc chamber which receives a switching arc S at a turn-off (each right half of FIGS. 1 to 4 ).
- the compression volume 80 is axially bounded by a cylinder base 81 attached to the conductor tube 23 and an unillustrated fixed piston and communicates via a cylinder bottom arranged in (only Fig.1 apparent) check valve 82 with the heating volume 70th
- the insulating nozzle 40 includes a nozzle body 50 and arranged in the nozzle body, along the axis A extending channel 60, which has a radially outwardly bounded from the nozzle body cylindrical constriction 61 and a constriction to the constriction, flared conical diffuser 62 has.
- the arcing contact 21 is rigidly connected to the insulating nozzle 40, wherein designed as a nozzle, erosion-resistant free end 24 of the arcing contact 21 is arranged in such a channel 60 merging in the recess of the insulating that the free end 24, respectively.
- the auxiliary nozzle 41 and the insulating nozzle 40 define the heating channel 71.
- the nozzle body 50 contains a base body 51 of a material which releases the gas by arc action, for example a polymer based on a perfluorinated hydrocarbon, such as PTFE, which is generally filled with a radiation-absorbing filler, for example MoS 2 .
- a constriction 61 Integrated into the base body 51 is a constriction 61 -at least its predominant part-radially outwardly bounding portion 52 of the nozzle body 50. This section extends generally along the entire constriction 61.
- a small part of the limitation of the constriction but also are made of a burn-off material existing, further portion of the nozzle body 50. However, this further section extends at most over a third of the length of the constriction 61 along the axis A.
- the base body 51 is rigidly attached to a section 53 of the nozzle body 50 which is generally designed as an annular body.
- the section 53 is made of a material that has a higher erosion resistance than the material of the main body 51, respectively. of section 52.
- the Section 53 extends along the axis A over more than half the length of the diffuser 62 in the axial direction.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 When the switch is on (left half of the switch) FIGS. 1 to 4 ) Contact the two contact pieces 20 and 30 each other.
- the switching element 20 When opening the switch, the switching element 20 is guided by a drive, not shown, and also not shown gear down (lower arrow in the right half of FIGS. 1 to 4 ).
- the rated current contacts 22, 32 are opened.
- the current to be switched commutes into a current path containing the arc contacts 21, 31. In this current path forms after opening the arcing contacts 21, 31 of the erosion-resistant free end 24 of the arcing contact 21 and a erosion-resistant free end 33 of the pin-shaped arcing contact 32 fussender switching arc S.
- the erosion free end 33 of the contact 32 and accordingly also on this Ending switching arc S are guided through the constriction 61 in the diffuser 62.
- the switching arc S radiates intensively and then evaporates in the channel 60 the material exposed to the arc radiation of the main body 51.
- a portion of the vaporized material is fed as a compressed, hot quenching gas through the heating channel 71 into the heating volume 70 and there mixed with cool insulating gas to high quality, compressed extinguishing gas.
- the extinguishing gas stored in the heating volume 70 and optionally supplemented with cool extinguishing gas from the compression volume 80 is conducted via the heating channel 71 into the channel 60.
- This extinguishing gas expands on the one hand via a bottleneck arranged in the erosion-resistant end 24 of the nozzle-shaped contact piece 21 in an expansion space and the other part via the constriction 61 in the diffuser 62 and thus also in the expansion space.
- the expanding quenching gas removes charge carriers from the arc zone determined by the axial spacing of the arcing contacts 21, 31 and thus prevents backfire of the switching arc S extinguished in the current zero crossing after the current zero crossing.
- the arc is therefore deprived of energy in the diffuser 62, which contributes neither to the undesirable formation of gas by material erosion nor to the undesirable heating and compression of the expanding gas in the diffuser 62.
- the switch designed as LTB Fig. 2
- the quenching chamber insulator 11 is mechanically and thermally less loaded.
- the quenching chamber insulator can therefore be sized small or it can be significantly improved with unchanged dimensions of the quenching chamber insulator the switching capacity and reliability of the switch.
- the switch designed as DTB FIGS. 1 .
- the insulating properties of the insulating gas provided in the switch at dielectric critical points of the expansion space such as in gas lines between the fittings 12, 13 of the extinguishing chamber housing 10 and the surrounding gas-tight metal container M, significantly improved.
- the portion 53 is advantageously made of metal, typically aluminum, iron, copper or an alloy based on aluminum, iron or copper, such as steel, brass or bronze.
- the portion 53 is kept at the potential of the pin-shaped arcing contact 31, as well as the course of the electric field in the diffuser 62 can be well controlled.
- the section 53 electrically isolated to attach to the base body 51 so as to keep it at an undetermined potential.
- erosion-resistant material preferably ceramic, such as boron nitride, or graphite for producing the section 53.
- the erosion-resistant portion 53 of the nozzle body 50 is formed as a solid annular body which extends radially outward from the wall of the diffuser 62 onto an outer surface of the nozzle body 50.
- this massive ring body closes almost directly to the constriction 61 and extends over the entire diffuser 62.
- Materialabbrand is largely avoided in the diffuser 62 and a particularly because of the massive structure of the ring 53 formed as a section effective absorption of the arc radiation in the diffuser achieved.
- To relieve the strong electric field exposed transition of the constriction 61 in the diffuser 62 is between the annular body resp. the section 53 and the main body 51 an opening into the channel 60 and arranged as an annular slot annular space 63 is arranged.
- the dielectric critical triple region at the common boundary of section 53, main body 51 and insulating gas is therefore in the electric field shadow at the bottom of the annular space 63.
- An attachment of the upper foot of the switching arc S is avoided by holding the ring body 53 at floating potential.
- a portion 54 of the nozzle body 50 is arranged, which is integrated into the base body 51 and a portion of the diffuser 62 radially outwardly limited.
- the ring body 53 Since between the ring body 53 and the constriction 61 of the outwardly predominantly conically widening portion 54 is disposed of insulating material, the ring body 53 can be kept at the electrical potential of the contact piece 30 without special measures are to be made, the commutation of the switching arc S. to prevent the part 53.
- Fig. 2 is in contrast to the two embodiments according to Fig.1 formed as a ring body portion 53 each formed as a layer and this layer is inserted into the base body 51 or applied to this.
- the mass of the nozzle 40 is reduced further, especially in the right half of Fig. 2 illustrated fourth embodiment of the switch, in which - but at the cost of a comparison with the third embodiment increased burnup in the diffuser 62 - the mass of the insulating nozzle 40 is particularly low and thus the force of the switch drive can be particularly small.
- the one in the left half of Fig.2 illustrated third embodiment, as shown, has a designed as a ring field control electrode 55.
- This electrode is made of metal or a conductive plastic and homogenizes the electric field at the dielectric particularly heavily loaded triple region of annular body 53, body 51 and insulating gas at the junction of the constriction 61 in the diffuser 62.
- This electrode can like the ring body 53 at the potential of the arcing contact 31 may, but may also "float" at an undetermined potential.
- the annular body 53 shown in the left half is to be kept at floating potential, while the ring body 53 shown in the right half is at the same potential as the switching piece 30, respectively. the connection fitting 13 may be located.
- the annular body 53 is made hollow and attached directly to the constriction 61 then on the base body 51. Also at In this embodiment, the slit-shaped annular space 63 places the triple area in the shadow of the electric field. For the homogenization of the electric field, however, a field electrode 57 formed in the annular body 53 is obviously also provided.
- the hollow design of the annular body 53 in turn saves mass, so that the switch drive can be dimensioned accordingly smaller. Alternatively, the mass reduction can also be achieved by a ring body formed of porous material. Also in this embodiment, the annular body 53 is at the electrical potential of the contact piece 30, respectively. the connection fitting 13th
- the annular groove 58 so that the annular body 53 is connected only via the support ring 56 with the main body 51 of the insulating 40. Because of the omission of the annular groove 58, respectively. a radially guided and the upper end face of the portion 54 of the base body forming support surface 59 (left half of Fig. 3 ), the annular body 53 has a particularly low weight.
- the switch drive can therefore be dimensioned smaller in this embodiment than in the fifth and seventh embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hochspannungsleistungsschalter nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein Schalter der vorgenannten Art wird im allgemeinen im Spannungsbereich von über 70 kV und für Ausschaltströme von über 10 kA eingesetzt. Dieser Schalter enthält ein Lichtbogenlöscheigenschaften aufweisendes Isoliergas, etwa auf der Basis von Schwefelhexafluorid und/oder Stickstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid, von im allgemeinen bis zu einigen bar Druck. Das Isoliergas befindet sich in einem Löschkammergehäuse des Schalters. Ist der Schalter als Dead Tank Breaker (DTB) ausgebildet, so ist das Löschkammergehäuse in einem geerdeten Metallbehälter untergebracht und weist dann Öffnungen auf, über die das Isoliergas mit dem vom Metallbehälter umschlossenen Volumen kommuniziert. Ist der Schalter als Live Tank Breaker (LTB) ausgeführt, so ist das Löschkammergehäuse unmittelbar der Wirkung der Atmosphäre ausgesetzt und ist dann auf einem ebenfalls der Wirkung der Atmosphäre ausgesetzten Freiluftisolator abgestützt.A switch of the aforementioned type is generally used in the voltage range of over 70 kV and for turn-off currents of over 10 kA. This switch contains an insulating gas having arc extinguishing properties, for example based on sulfur hexafluoride and / or nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide, of generally up to several bar pressure. The insulating gas is located in a quenching chamber housing of the switch. If the switch is designed as a dead tank breaker (DTB), the quenching chamber housing is housed in a grounded metal container and then has openings through which the insulating gas communicates with the volume enclosed by the metal container. If the switch is designed as a Live Tank Breaker (LTB), the quenching chamber housing is directly exposed to the effect of the atmosphere and is then supported on an exposed also to the effect of the atmosphere outdoor insulator.
Bei einem Schaltvorgang nutzt ein solcher Schalter die Energie des Schaltlichtbogens aus, um heisses Gas aus der Isolierdüse freizusetzen. Das freigesetzte Gas führt zu einer Druckerhöhung in einer den Schaltlichtbogen aufnehmenden Lichtbogenzone und wird - nach Mischen mit einem Teil des Isoliergases - als Druckgas in einem Heizvolumen des Schalters gespeichert. Der überwiegende Teil des freigesetzten heissen Gases und damit auch der Energie des Schaltlichtbogens wird nicht im Heizvolumen gespeichert, sondern entweicht im allgemeinen in zwei entgegengesetzt gerichteten Teilströmen in einen Expansionsraum. Der erste Teilstrom wird von der Lichtbogenzone durch die Isolierdüse in den Expansionsraum geführt, während der zweite Teilstrom durch einen als Düsenrohr ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontakt in den Expansionsraum geführt wird. Im Expansionsraum wird die Energie des austretenden Gases reduziert. Bei einem als DTB ausgeführten Schalter wird das Gas auch in den Metallbehälter geführt, in dem es durch Mischen mit dem dort vorhandenen Isoliergas weiter abgekühlt wird. Die Energie des aus dem Löschkammergehäuse in den Metallbehälter tretenden Isoliergases bestimmt die dielektrische Festigkeit von Isolationsabständen zwischen dem Löschkammergehäuse und dem geerdeten Metallbehälter.During a switching operation, such a switch uses the energy of the switching arc to release hot gas from the insulating nozzle. The released gas leads to an increase in pressure in a arc zone receiving the switching arc and is - after mixing with a portion of the insulating gas - stored as a pressurized gas in a heating volume of the switch. The major part of the released hot gas and thus the energy of the switching arc is not stored in the heating volume, but escapes generally in two oppositely directed partial flows in an expansion space. The first partial flow is guided from the arc zone through the insulating nozzle into the expansion space, while the second partial flow is conducted through an arc contact formed as a nozzle tube into the expansion space. In the expansion space, the energy of the escaping gas is reduced. In a switch running as a DTB, the gas is also in the Metal container out, in which it is further cooled by mixing with the existing insulating there. The energy of the insulating gas passing into the metal container from the quenching chamber housing determines the dielectric strength of insulation intervals between the quenching chamber housing and the grounded metal container.
Ausführungsformen von Schaltern der eingangs genannten Art sind beschrieben in
Um den Düsenabbrand möglichst gering zu halten, sind beim Schalter nach
Beim Schalter nach
Da bei den vorgenannten Schaltern die Engstelle der Isolierdüse überwiegend von abbrandfestem Material begrenzt ist, steht bei einem Schaltvorgang nur vergleichsweise wenig komprimiertes Löschgas zur Beblasung des Schaltlichtbogens zur Verfügung. Der überwiegende Teil der durch Düsenabbrand erzeugten Gase wird im Diffusor erzeugt und trägt daher zur Bildung einer Löschgasströmung und zur Beblasung des Schaltlichtbogen nichts bei.Since in the aforementioned switches, the bottleneck of the insulating nozzle is mainly limited by erosion-resistant material, only comparatively little compressed extinguishing gas is available for blowing the switching arc during a switching operation. The majority of the gases produced by nozzle combustion is generated in the diffuser and therefore contributes nothing to the formation of a quenching gas flow and to the blowing of the switching arc.
In den englischsprachigen Auszügen von
Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen angegeben ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schalter der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem bei einem Schaltvorgang eine vergleichsweise geringe Menge an Auspuffgas anfällt, und der sich zugleich durch ein gutes Schaltvermögen und durch eine grosse Betriebssicherheit auszeichnet.The invention, as indicated in the claims, the object is to provide a switch of the type mentioned, in which a relatively small amount of exhaust gas accumulates during a switching operation, and at the same time by a good switching capacity and by a large Operational safety distinguishes.
Beim Schalter nach der Erfindung weist ein den überwiegenden Teil des Diffusors begrenzender erster Abschnitt des Düsenkörpers eine höhere Abbrandfestigkeit auf als ein den überwiegenden Teil der Engstelle begrenzender zweiter Abschnitt des Düsenkörpers. Durch diese Massnahmen wird die Energie des Schaltlichtbogen vorwiegend im Bereich der Engstelle zur Bildung von komprimiertem Löschgas ausgenutzt. Hingegen wird durch diese Massnahmen die Bildung von Gas im Diffusor weitgehend unterdrückt, so dass über den Diffusor eine erheblich reduzierte Menge an Auspuffgas in den Expansionsraum gelangt. Ist der Schalter als LTB ausgeführt, so kann wegen der reduzierten Menge an Auspuffgas das Volumen des Löschkammergehäuses klein gehalten werden. Da das Löschkammergehäuse eines LTBs einen witterungsbeständigen Löschkammerisolator auf der Basis Porzellan oder Polymer aufweist, können so die Fertigungskosten eines LTBs vermindert resp. unter Beibehalt der geometrischen Abmessungen das Schaltvermögen und die Betriebssicherheit des Schalters verbessert werden. Ist der Schalter als DTB ausgeführt, so setzt die reduzierte Menge an Auspuffgas das Risiko des Auftretens von Überschlägen zwischen dem Löschkammergehäuse und dem geerdeten Metallbehälter wesentlich herab und können die Abmessungen des Schalters klein gehalten resp. dessen Schaltvermögen und Betriebssicherheit verbessert werden.In the case of the switch according to the invention, a first section of the nozzle body delimiting the major part of the diffuser has a higher erosion resistance than a second section of the nozzle body delimiting the major part of the constriction. Through these measures, the energy of the switching arc is mainly exploited in the area of the bottleneck for the formation of compressed extinguishing gas. By contrast, the formation of gas in the diffuser is largely suppressed by these measures, so that over the Diffuser a significantly reduced amount of exhaust gas enters the expansion space. If the switch is designed as LTB, the volume of the extinguishing chamber housing can be kept small because of the reduced amount of exhaust gas. Since the quenching chamber housing of an LTB has a weather-resistant quenching chamber insulator based on porcelain or polymer, the manufacturing costs of an LTB can be reduced or reduced in this way. while maintaining the geometric dimensions of the switching capacity and reliability of the switch can be improved. If the switch is designed as a DTB, then the reduced amount of exhaust gas reduces the risk of occurrence of flashovers between the quenching chamber housing and the grounded metal container substantially and the dimensions of the switch can be kept small resp. its switching capacity and reliability can be improved.
Besonders kleine Abmessungen resp. ein besonders gutes Schaltvermögen und eine besonders grosse Betriebssicherheit werden erreicht, wenn der erste Abschnitt aus einem abbrandfesten Material, insbesondere auf der Basis von Metall, Keramik oder Graphit gefertigt ist.Especially small dimensions resp. a particularly good switching capacity and a particularly high reliability are achieved when the first section is made of a erosion-resistant material, in particular based on metal, ceramic or graphite.
Mit Vorteil weist der erste Abschnitt gegenüber dem zweiten Abschnitt eine grössere Wärmekapazität und/oder eine grössere Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. Vom Schaltlichtbogen gebildetes heisses Gas verliert bereits in einer Entfernung von typischerweise ca. 10 cm fast die Hälfte seiner Energie durch Strahlung. Diese Energie wird wegen der grossen Wärmekapazität und/oder Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu einem grossen Teil im ersten Abschnitt absorbiert. Als Folge dieser Absorption gelangt ein wesentlich reduzierter Energieanteil in den Expansionsraum.Advantageously, the first section has a greater heat capacity and / or a greater thermal conductivity than the second section. Hot gas formed by the arc flash already loses almost half of its energy through radiation at a distance of typically approx. 10 cm. This energy is largely absorbed in the first section due to the large heat capacity and / or thermal conductivity. As a result of this absorption, a significantly reduced proportion of energy enters the expansion space.
Die Absorption der Lichtbogenstrahlung wird durch einen aus Metall gefertigten, abbrandfesten ersten Abschnitt besonders begünstigt.The absorption of the arc radiation is particularly favored by a metal-made, erosion-resistant first section.
Vorzugsweise ist der erste Abschnitt als Ringkörper ausgeführt und starr an einem Grundkörper befestigt, der aus dem Material des zweiten Abschnitts gefertigt ist und den zweiten Abschnitt enthält.Preferably, the first portion is designed as a ring body and rigidly attached to a base body, which is made of the material of the second portion and contains the second portion.
Bildet der Ringkörper einen Abschnitt des Diffusors, der an die Engstelle anschliesst, so kann ein Kommutieren des Schaltlichtbogens auf den Ringkörper vermieden werden, wenn der Ringkörper auf unbestimmtem Potential gehalten ist.If the annular body forms a section of the diffuser which adjoins the constriction, commutation of the switching arc to the annular body can be avoided if the annular body is held at an undetermined potential.
Ist zwischen Ringkörper und Engstelle ein vom Grundkörper gebildeter dritter Abschnitt des Diffusors angeordnet, so kann der Ringkörper auf dem Potential eines durch die Engstelle führbaren Lichtbogenkontakts gehalten werden, ohne dass der Schaltlichtbogen auf den Ringkörper kommutiert.If a third section of the diffuser formed by the main body is arranged between annular body and constriction, then the annular body can be held at the potential of an arc contact that can be passed through the constriction, without the switching arc commutating to the annular body.
Anhand von Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen die
In allen Figuren beziehen sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleichwirkende Teile. Alle in den
Die sechs Ausführungsformen nach den
Die beiden verbleibenden Ausführungsformen nach
Die in allen acht Ausführungsformen vorgesehene Kontaktanordnung weist zwei längs der Achse A relativ zueinander verschiebbare Schaltstücke 20, 30 auf, von denen das Schaltstück 20 mit dem nicht dargestellten Getriebe verbunden ist, und auf dem elektrischen Potential der Anschlussarmatur 12 gehalten ist, während das Schaltstück 30 im allgemeinen feststehend im Löschkammergehäuse 10 angeordnet und auf dem elektrischen Potential der Anschlussarmatur 13 gehalten ist. Beide Schaltstücke 20, 30 enthalten in koaxialer Anordnung jeweils einen innenliegenden Lichtbogenkontakt 21 bzw. 31 sowie einen mit dem Lichtbogenkontakt 21 bzw. 31 elektrisch leitend verbundenen, rohrförmig ausgebildeten, aussenliegenden Nennstromkontakt 22 bzw. 32. Der Nennstromkontakt 22 ist in ein Leiterrohr 23 eingeformt, dessen den Nennstromkontakt 22 bildendes Ende eine Isolierdüse 40 trägt.The envisaged in all eight embodiments contact arrangement comprises two along the axis A relative to each other sliding
Mit den Bezugszeichen 70 und 80 sind der Reihe nach ein Heizvolumen und ein Kompressionsvolumen bezeichnet, welche Volumina ringförmig um die Achse A geführt und radial nach aussen durch das Leiterrohr 23 begrenzt sind. Das Heizvolumen 70 ist radial nach innen durch den ersichtlich als Düsenrohr ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontakt 21 oder eine diesen Kontakt umgebende (in
Die Isolierdüse 40 enthält einen Düsenkörper 50 sowie einen im Düsenkörper angeordneten, längs der Achse A erstreckten Kanal 60, der eine vom Düsenkörper radial nach aussen begrenzte zylinderförmige Engstelle 61 und einen an die Engstelle sich anschliessenden, sich konisch erweiternden Diffusor 62 aufweist. Der Lichtbogenkontakt 21 ist starr mit der Isolierdüse 40 verbunden, wobei ein als Düse ausgebildetes, abbrandfestes freies Ende 24 des Lichtbogenkontakts 21 derart in einer in den Kanal 60 übergehenden Aussparung der Isolierdüse angeordnet ist, dass das freie Ende 24 resp. die Hilfsdüse 41 und die Isolierdüse 40 den Heizkanal 71 begrenzen.The insulating
Der Düsenkörper 50 enthält einen Grundkörper 51 aus einem bei Lichtbogeneinwirkung löschgasabgebenden Werkstoff, beispielsweise einem Polymer auf der Basis eines perfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffs, wie etwa PTFE, welches im allgemeinen mit einem strahlungsabsorbierenden Füllstoff, beispielsweise MoS2, gefüllt ist. In den Grundkörper 51 integriert ist ein die Engstelle 61 - zumindest aber deren überwiegendes Teil - radial nach aussen begrenzender Abschnitt 52 des Düsenkörpers 50. Dieser Abschnitt erstreckt sich im allgemeinen entlang der gesamten Engstelle 61. Gegebenenfalls kann ein kleiner Teil der Begrenzung der Engstelle aber auch von einem aus abbrandfesten Material bestehenden, weiteren Abschnitt des Düsenkörpers 50 gebildet werden. Dieser weitere Abschnitt erstreckt sich aber höchstens über ein Drittel der Länge der Engstelle 61 längs der Achse A. Am Grundkörper 51 ist ein im allgemeinen als Ringkörper ausgeführter Abschnitt 53 des Düsenkörpers 50 starr befestigt. Der Abschnitt 53 ist aus einem Material gefertigt, dass eine höhere Abbrandfestigkeit aufweist als das Material des Grundkörpers 51 resp. des Abschnitts 52. Der Abschnitt 53 erstreckt sich längs der Achse A über mehr als die Hälfte der Länge des Diffusors 62 in axialer Richtung.The
Im Einschaltzustand des Schalters (linke Hälfte der
In der Hochstromphase des abzuschaltenden (Wechsel)stroms strahlt der Schaltlichtbogen S intensiv und verdampft dann im Kanal 60 das der Lichtbogenstrahlung ausgesetzte Material des Grundkörpers 51. Ein Teil des verdampften Materials wird als komprimiertes, heisses Löschgas über den Heizkanal 71 ins Heizvolumen 70 geführt und dort mit kühlem Isoliergas zu hochwertigem, komprimiertem Löschgas vermischt. Bei Annäherung des abzuschaltenden Stroms an einen Nulldurchgang wird das im Heizvolumen 70 gespeicherte und gegebenenfalls mit kühlem Löschgas aus dem Kompressionsvolumen 80 ergänzte Löschgas über den Heizkanal 71 in den Kanal 60 geführt. Dieses Löschgas expandiert zum einen Teil über eine im abbrandfesten Ende 24 des düsenförmig ausgebildeten Kontaktstücks 21 angeordnete Engstelle in einen Expansionsraum und zum anderen Teil über die Engstelle 61 in den Diffusor 62 und damit ebenfalls in den Expansionsraum. Hierbei entfernt das expandierende Löschgas Ladungsträger aus der durch den axialen Abstand der Lichtbogenkontakte 21, 31 bestimmten Lichtbogenzone und verhindert so eine Rückzündung des im Stromnulldurchgang erloschenen Schaltlichtbogens S nach dem Stromnulldurchgang.In the high-current phase of the (alternating) current to be disconnected, the switching arc S radiates intensively and then evaporates in the
Dadurch, dass beim erfindungsgemässen Schalter der den überwiegenden Teil des Diffusors 62 begrenzende Abschnitt 53 des Düsenkörpers 50 eine höhere Abbrandfestigkeit aufweist als der den überwiegenden Teil der Engstelle 61 begrenzende Abschnitt 52 des Düsenkörpers, wird erreicht, dass der Schaltlichtbogen S im Bereich der Engstelle 61 Energie abgibt, die vor allem der Bildung von komprimiertem Löschgas aus dem eine geringe Abbrandfestigkeit aufweisenden Material des Abschnitts 52 dient. Hingegen wird im Diffusor 62 Materialabbrand weitgehend vermieden. Vielmehr absorbiert der aus abbrandfesterem Material bestehende Abschnitt 53 die überwiegend durch Strahlung übertragene Energie des Schaltlichtbogens S zu einem grossen Teil. Dem Lichtbogen wird daher im Diffusor 62 Energie entzogen, die weder zur unerwünschten Bildung von Gas durch Materialabbrand noch zur unerwünschten Aufheizung und Komprimierung des expandierenden Gases im Diffusor 62 beiträgt. In den an den Diffusor sich anschliessenden Teil des Expansionsraums gelangen daher eine reduzierte Menge an Auspuffgas und eine wesentlich herabgesetzte Energiemenge. Ist der Schalter als LTB ausgeführt (
Die im Abschnitt 53 absorbierte Energie der Lichtbogenstrahlung ist umso grösser je grösser die Wärmekapazität und/oder die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Abschnitts 53 ist. Daher ist der Abschnitt 53 mit Vorteil aus Metall gefertigt, typischerweise aus Aluminium, Eisen, Kupfer oder einer Legierung auf der Basis von Aluminium, Eisen oder Kupfer, wie etwa Stahl, Messing oder Bronze.The energy of the arc radiation absorbed in the
Im allgemeinen wird der Abschnitt 53 auf dem Potential des stiftförmig ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontakts 31 gehalten, da so der Verlauf des elektrischen Feldes im Diffusor 62 gut kontrolliert werden kann. Je nach Ausführungsform des Schalters kann es aber vorteilhaft sein, den Abschnitt 53 elektrisch isoliert am Grundkörper 51 anzubringen, um ihn so auf unbestimmtem Potential zu halten.In general, the
Anstelle von Metall kann auch ein anderes abbrandfestes Material, vorzugsweise Keramik, wie typischerweise Bornitrid, oder Graphit zur Fertigung des Abschnitts 53 verwendet werden.Instead of metal, it is also possible to use another erosion-resistant material, preferably ceramic, such as boron nitride, or graphite for producing the
Bei den beiden in
Bei der in der linken Hälfte der
Bei der in der rechten Hälfte von
Bei den beiden Ausführungsformen nach
Bei der in der linken Hälfte von
- (1) er weist eine vergleichsweise grosse Oberfläche auf und kann daher einen grossen Teil der vorwiegend durch Strahlung übertragenen Energie des Schaltlichtbogens aufnehmen,
- (2) er schirmt das elektrische Feld ab und vergleichmässigt es in dielektrisch kritischen Bereichen,
- (3) er weist eine gute mechanische Festigkeit auf und kann an seinem vom Grundkörper 51 abgewandten Ende ein beispielsweise als Zahnstangen- oder Hebelmechanismus ausgebildetes Getriebe 34 tragen, welches die vom Schalterantrieb
auf das Schaltstück 20 übertragene Kraft in umgekehrter Richtungauf den Lichtbogenkontakt 31 überträgt, so dass dieser bei einer Abwärtsbewegung des Schaltstücks 20 nach oben bewegt wird (nach oben gerichteter Pfeil), - (4) er kann mechanisch gut geführt werden, da er eine axial ausgerichtete zylindersymmetrische Mantelfläche aufweist, so dass radial wirkende (Biegungs)kräfte leicht kompensiert werden können,
- (5) er kann mit Hilfe eines auf der Mantelfläche elektrisch leitend abgestützten Kontaktelements leicht auf einem definierten elektrischen Potential gehalten werden, beispielsweise dem Potential des Lichtbogenkontakts 31, und
- (6) er kann auf ein freies Ende des
Grundkörpers 51 aufgesetzt und mit Hilfe eines an der Aussenfläche des Grundkörpers 51 anliegenden Stützrings 56, etwa durch Kleben oder Verschrauben, leicht am Grundkörper befestigt werden.
- (1) it has a comparatively large surface area and can therefore absorb a large part of the energy of the switching arc transmitted predominantly by radiation,
- (2) it shields the electric field and uniforms it in dielectrically critical areas,
- (3) it has good mechanical strength and can wear at its end facing away from the base 51 an example designed as a rack or
lever mechanism gear 34 which transmits the force transmitted from the switch drive to thecontact piece 20 in the reverse direction to thearcing contact 31, so that it is moved upwards during a downward movement of the contact piece 20 (arrow pointing upwards), - (4) it can be performed well mechanically, since it has an axially aligned cylindrically symmetrical lateral surface, so that radially acting (bending) forces can be easily compensated,
- (5) it can be easily maintained at a defined electrical potential, for example, the potential of the arcing
contact 31, and with the aid of a contact element supported electrically on the lateral surface - (6) it can be placed on a free end of the
base body 51 and with the help of a voltage applied to the outer surface of themain body 51support ring 56, such as by gluing or screwing, easily attached to the body.
Bei der in der rechten Hälfte von
Die in
- AA
- Achseaxis
- MM
- Metallgehäusemetal housing
- SS
- SchaltlichtbogenSwitching arc
- 1010
- LöschkammergehäuseExtinguishing chamber housing
- 1111
- LöschkammerisolatorExtinguishing chamber insulator
- 12, 1312, 13
- Anschlussarmaturenconnection fittings
- 1414
- Wetterschutzweatherproof
- 20, 3020, 30
- Schaltstückecontact members
- 21, 3121, 31
- LichtbogenkontakteArcing contacts
- 22, 3222, 32
- NennstromkontakteRated current contacts
- 2323
- Leiterrohrconductor tube
- 2424
-
abbrandfestes Ende des Lichtbogenkontakts 21erosion-resistant end of the arcing
contact 21 - 3333
-
abbrandfestes Ende des Lichtbogenkontakts 31erosion-resistant end of the arcing
contact 31 - 4040
- Isolierdüseinsulating
- 4141
- Isolierhilfsdüseinsulating auxiliary
- 5050
- Düsenkörpernozzle body
- 5151
- Grundkörperbody
- 52, 53, 5452, 53, 54
- Abschnitte des DüsenkörpersSections of the nozzle body
- 55, 5755, 57
- Feldelektrodenfield electrodes
- 5656
- Stützringsupport ring
- 5858
- Ringnutring groove
- 5959
- Stützflächesupport surface
- 6060
- Kanalchannel
- 6161
- Engstellebottleneck
- 6262
- Diffusordiffuser
- 6363
- Ringraumannulus
- 7070
- Heizvolumenheating volume
- 7171
- Heizkanalheating duct
- 8080
- Kompressionsvorrichtungcompression device
- 8181
- Zylinderbodencylinder base
- 8282
- Rückschlagventilcheck valve
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07104193A EP1970931A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | High voltage power switch |
PCT/EP2008/052465 WO2008110467A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-02-29 | High-voltage power switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07104193A EP1970931A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | High voltage power switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1970931A1 true EP1970931A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
Family
ID=38042652
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07104193A Withdrawn EP1970931A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | High voltage power switch |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1970931A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008110467A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015039918A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-26 | Abb Technology Ag | High-voltage circuit breaker with improved robustness |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07296689A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-10 | Toshiba Corp | Buffer type gas-blast circuit-breaker and manufacture thereof |
JPH0963432A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-07 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Puffer type gas-blast circuit-breaker |
US20030094437A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-22 | Makoto Hirose | Puffer type gas circuit breaker |
EP1544881A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-22 | ABB Technology AG | Nozzle for a gas-insulated switching device and related switching device |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH556603A (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1974-11-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | IN A SWITCHING CHAMBER OF AN ELECTRIC SWITCH, IN PARTICULAR A SF6 COMPRESSED GAS SWITCH, A COMPONENT MADE OF A MATERIAL EMITING GAS UNDER THE EFFECT OF ARC HEAT. |
DE19517540A1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-14 | Abb Research Ltd | Extinguishing gas releasing material and pressure gas switch with such a material |
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 EP EP07104193A patent/EP1970931A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-02-29 WO PCT/EP2008/052465 patent/WO2008110467A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07296689A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-10 | Toshiba Corp | Buffer type gas-blast circuit-breaker and manufacture thereof |
JPH0963432A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-07 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Puffer type gas-blast circuit-breaker |
US20030094437A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-22 | Makoto Hirose | Puffer type gas circuit breaker |
EP1544881A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-22 | ABB Technology AG | Nozzle for a gas-insulated switching device and related switching device |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015039918A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-26 | Abb Technology Ag | High-voltage circuit breaker with improved robustness |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008110467A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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