EP2994767A1 - Dispositif de production d'énergie à séparation de potentiel fiable - Google Patents

Dispositif de production d'énergie à séparation de potentiel fiable

Info

Publication number
EP2994767A1
EP2994767A1 EP14725650.7A EP14725650A EP2994767A1 EP 2994767 A1 EP2994767 A1 EP 2994767A1 EP 14725650 A EP14725650 A EP 14725650A EP 2994767 A1 EP2994767 A1 EP 2994767A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch elements
energy
line
power converter
network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14725650.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Rilling
Konstantin Ponjakin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEI Power GmbH
Original Assignee
Refusol GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Refusol GmbH filed Critical Refusol GmbH
Publication of EP2994767A1 publication Critical patent/EP2994767A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/333—Testing of the switching capacity of high-voltage circuit-breakers ; Testing of breaking capacity or related variables, e.g. post arc current or transient recovery voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G01R31/42—AC power supplies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy generating device for generating electrical energy from an energy source, in particular a regenerative energy source, and for feeding the generated electrical energy into a network, in particular a
  • Power supply network comprising a separation device for isolating a power converter of the power generation device from the network and a method for verifying the
  • Power generation plants for example photovoltaic (PV) plants, wind turbines,
  • Fuel cell-based systems, etc. are usually connected via a separator, for example. To a power supply network, the potential separation of the
  • the separator contains controllable
  • electromagnetic switches such as, for example, contactors or relays, which can bring about galvanic isolation. Due to high currents during operation, environmental influences, corrosion and other factors, the switching contacts of such relays or contactors can stick together or clamp and then remain closed, even if they are controlled to open. Such a defect must be recognized and quickly eliminated because otherwise it would pose a danger, for example, to persons entrusted with the maintenance of the network. Therefore, usually two switch elements are arranged in series for safety in a disconnecting device in each connecting line, which can be controlled separately from each other for opening, so that in case of emergency redundancy is present.
  • the standard DIN EN 62109-2 stipulates that in the future inverters of a
  • Energy generating system must independently check the isolation of the independent separation device before they go into operation. Every single fault or defect, in particular a jamming or sticking of a contact of one of the switches of the disconnecting device, must be reliably detected and, in the event of a fault, a connection to the mains must be prevented.
  • Potential separation for example, an inverter from a power supply network that allows reliable detection of a defect of a switch element of the potential separation device.
  • safety relays or contactors could be used which have an integrated
  • Functional safety can provide self-diagnostic results.
  • safety relays or contactors are complex and expensive and, moreover, are usually not available in already existing power generation plants. Also for existing ones
  • Energy generation plant allows relatively little effort and can be implemented with little effort even in existing power generation plants.
  • Enable potential separation device as simple as possible. For this purpose, as far as possible used in power generation plants components should be used, so that a retrofitting of existing facilities should be possible with little installation effort.
  • the energy generating device for generating electrical energy from an energy source, in particular a regenerative energy source, and for feeding the generated electrical energy into a network, in particular a power supply network, has a power converter, at least one line, a separator, a suppression filter device, a measuring device and a control device on.
  • the power converter is designed to convert energy at its input into a grid-conforming energy at its output and can, depending on
  • An investment type for example, may be an inverter or an inverter.
  • the at least one line is provided for electrical connection of the output of the power converter with the network.
  • the Separator is used to isolate the potential of the converter from the network in case of error or need and has a arranged in the at least one line series input from at least two separately controllable switch elements.
  • the suppression filter device is provided for suppression measures and thus for electromagnetic compatibility and has at least one suppression filter element which is connected between the output of the power converter and the separating device to the at least one line to high-frequency interference signals against a reference point, such as device or protective earth or functional earth to derive.
  • the Measuring device is set up to detect leakage currents flowing through the noise filter element and to supply a leakage current signal characterizing a respective leakage current.
  • the control device is used to control the switch elements of the separator in order to control them for operation to close and in case of failure or need to open.
  • control device is furthermore set up to check the function of the separating device in order to optionally connect at least one of the switching elements of the at least one
  • To drive series circuit for closing to receive from the measuring device, a leakage current signal in response to the closing of the switch and to detect a defect of at least one other of the switch elements of the at least one series connection of the separator on the basis of the leakage current signal.
  • a defect of one of the switch elements of the separator is made by closing the at least one other switch element of the separator and observing the response of a through the at least one noise filter element
  • Noise suppression filter caused compensation current, which allows conclusions about a present switch defect detected.
  • a defect is to be understood in particular as the malfunction that the relevant switch element remains closed despite being actuated to open, because e.g. In the case of switches for galvanic isolation, a contact sticks or sticks.
  • Energy generating device upstream or upstream) of the separator is arranged so that in case of failure, a leakage or compensation current from the network via the separator and the noise filter element to the reference point, in particular the device or functional earth, can flow.
  • This is generally provided in power generation plants, for example, with inverters, so that advantageously already existing plant components can be used.
  • the functional check according to the invention can be implemented with relatively little effort and requires only a few or no additional components for this purpose.
  • the complexity is low, which also reduces installation costs.
  • the solution for functional testing can be implemented purely by software, so that already existing systems can easily be retrofitted, eg by remote maintenance.
  • the method according to the invention makes an effective and reliable Monitoring the functionality of the potential separator of a
  • the energy generating device according to the invention is preferably a
  • Photovoltaic device for .Ergneung of electrical energy from a through a
  • Photovoltaic generator supplied energy by means of a preferably transformerless photovoltaic Inverter.
  • a functionally safe isolation or disconnection of the inverter from the network, for example, to maintain the network is essential to protect workers on the network from electrical shock, especially if no additional isolation transformer is provided.
  • the power generation device can also for
  • Wind turbines, fuel cell based power generation plants or the like Wind turbines, fuel cell based power generation plants or the like.
  • the power generation plant can also be used to power a consumer, if this is also able to return electrical energy to the consumer
  • Power generating device is powered and can supply in a generator mode power back to the power generation device.
  • a “network” here also means such a consumer that can receive and deliver power to the power generation device.
  • the power converter is by a single- or multi-phase inverter, in particular a
  • Photovoltaic inverter formed, the input side DC power in
  • the separator comprises a first series connection of at least a first and a second switch element, which are arranged in the first phase conductor.
  • the separator may further include another
  • the "at least one line” comprises one line, two lines or three or more lines Depending on the application, the at least one line may contain only lines with potential separation or also lines with and lines without potential isolation the at least one line, for example, a neutral conductor and at least one phase conductor.
  • the power generating device may also be provided for a multi-phase alternating voltage network and, for example, have a three-phase inverter with three phase terminals, a neutral terminal and a ground at the output, three phase conductors, a neutral conductor and a ground connection, which [eweils between one of the phase terminals and the neutral terminal or the grounding of the inverter output and an associated line-side connection.
  • a three-phase inverter with three phase terminals, a neutral terminal and a ground at the output, three phase conductors, a neutral conductor and a ground connection, which [eweils between one of the phase terminals and the neutral terminal or the grounding of the inverter output and an associated line-side connection.
  • the separator can more than two separately controllable
  • control device is preferably set up in this case, to all at the same time all but one of the
  • controllable switch elements for the separator are preferably
  • electromagnetic switches in particular contactors or relays used. These are easy controllable and suitable for, for example, in photovoltaic systems or the like.
  • semiconductor switch elements such as bipolar power transistors, MOSFET power transistors, IGBTs or the like may also be used. In normal operation, all the switch elements of all series circuits of the separator are closed by the controller. If a potential separation of the converter from the network to be effected, all switch elements are driven to open.
  • each contactor or relay two or more similar switching contacts which are arranged in different conductors of at least one line, for example.
  • different phase conductors or in a neutral conductor and one or more different phase conductors and jointly controlled via a single control circuit can be.
  • the suppression filter device may have different filter components for reducing
  • Common mode or push-pull interference signals which are caused in particular by the power converter.
  • These components may be distributed between the converter side output and the line side output in all conductors of the at least one line.
  • These include, in particular, preferably also line filters, which are designed as low or band passes and are preferably inserted between the separator and the network-side terminal.
  • the at least one noise filter element which causes the leakage current in the event of an error of the separator in the functional test due to balancing operations, is housed between the power converter side output and the separator.
  • the at least one noise filter element is simply one
  • Suppressor capacitor which is between a phase conductor of at least one line and a ground, equipment earth (protective earth, PE) or functional earth (FE), shot. At least one such suppression capacitor is provided per phase conductor.
  • suppression capacitors are usually already present in power converters of power generation plants, in particular PV inverters. In this respect, existing components can be used for the functional verification of the separator.
  • the measuring device forms part of an all-current-sensitive residual current monitoring unit.
  • Residual current monitoring units are integrated with modern transformerless inverters to detect all types of earth leakage and leakage currents, such as DC, AC and pulse currents.
  • the universal current-sensitive residual current monitoring unit can then also detect an optionally occurring equalizing current during the functional safety check of the isolating device and deliver an associated current signal to the control device.
  • the measuring device has a
  • Measuring current transformer in the form of a differential current sensor, through which all between the current-side terminals and the line-side terminals extending conductor of at least one line, so all the phase conductors and the neutral conductor, are looped through and for detecting the difference or sum of all currents in the conductors flow, is set up.
  • the differential current sensor can in particular be part of the universal current sensitive
  • Residual current monitoring unit so that even existing components of existing power generation plants can be used.
  • control device and the measuring device are preferably set up to the
  • the power converter in particular a PV inverter
  • the power converter can be completely supplied by the DC voltage of a generator gate, in particular a PV generator.
  • a sufficiently large DC voltage is applied to the PV inverter in the early morning hours, this ensures a DC voltage which is above the mains peak voltage.
  • the PV inverter first performs a pre-control routine to synchronize with the grid and connects to the grid as soon as it is grid-synchronized.
  • the functional check according to the invention is carried out before the pre-control routine, in order to prevent a start-up of the inverter in the event of a defect.
  • the controller may comprise a comparator means which compares the received leakage current signal with a predetermined threshold value and when the threshold value is exceeded a defect of the separator finds.
  • a threshold may be based on the parameters of the network, the
  • Noise filter device the impedance of at least one line and the like. Be determined appropriately.
  • control device is set up to control at least two first or second switch elements in different phase conductors or in a phase conductor and a neutral conductor simultaneously for opening or closing. This is particularly useful in combination with contactors or relays, which have at least two jointly controllable switching contacts. The implementation effort and the space required for the components can be reduced. The control is simplified. Also the
  • control device can also be configured redundantly in order to further improve the functional reliability.
  • control device can have two separate control units, for example processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers or the like.
  • a first control unit can serve, for example, to control the first switch elements of all series circuits, while a second control unit can be provided to control the second switch elements of all series circuits.
  • Phase conductors which ensure a proper disconnection of the converter from the mains.
  • the function check according to the invention is generally limited to the switch elements of the separator contained in the phase conductors. Since the neutral conductor is usually connected on the mains side to the protective conductor (PE conductor), ideally between the Neutral conductor and the PE conductor no voltage difference. Thus, no compensation process takes place when one of the switch elements of the separator in the
  • control device preferably additionally includes an insulation measurement of the power converter for this purpose.
  • the energy generating device preferably further comprises an insulation measuring device for determining an insulation resistance of the power converter.
  • an insulation measuring device is usually in power converters, in particular
  • Inverters energy generation systems for insulation fault detection available and is used here additionally according to the invention for the functional test of the separator.
  • the control device controls one of the switch elements in the neutral conductor to
  • the power generating device has a power converter for converting energy at its input into a power conforming to its network
  • the functional safety testing method which is preferably carried out before the power converter, in particular an inverter, goes into operation and is connected to the network, at first one of the switch elements of the at least one series circuit is driven to close it, whereupon a signal is emitted in response thereto the at least one noise filter element caused compensating current is measured and a defect, sticking or clamping a contact, at least one other of the switch elements of the at least one series circuit is determined by the measured balance current.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a power generation plant for generating and feeding electrical energy in a network with a device for functional testing of a separator for potential separation of the system from the network according to aspects of the invention, in a greatly simplified representation;
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the power generation plant of Figure 1 in a simplified, compared to Figure 1 detailed representation
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart for checking the function of the separating device of the power generation plant according to FIG. 1 or 2, in a simplified representation;
  • FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the power generation plant according to FIG. 1 or FIG
  • FIG. 5 shows a generalized flowchart for the functional check of a
  • Separating device eg. The power generation plant of Figure 4, in a simplified representation.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic, partially block diagram representation of a
  • Power generation plant 1 for converting an input provided electrical direct current from a generator 2 in an output-side AC illustrated.
  • the power generation plant 1 comprises the generator 2 and a three-phase converter here
  • a power converter here is meant any device that can convert electrical energy of one kind into electrical energy of another type. It may, for example, a rectifier for the conversion of
  • AC to DC an inverter to change the frequency of an AC or an inverter to convert DC into AC.
  • the power generation plant is a photovoltaic (PV) plant or a wind turbine or a fuel cell based plant, such that the generator 2 forms a regenerative energy source, eg a PV generator, which does not detail one or more of these PV modules, which are interconnected to generate at the output of the PV generator, a DC voltage and to provide a DC power.
  • the power converter 3 then forms an inverter, which converts the DC power provided at its input into a here, for example, three-phase alternating current at its output.
  • the output poles of the generator 2 are here designated 4, 5, to which the input 7 of the power converter 3 is connected.
  • a positive input terminal 8 and a negative input terminal 9 of the power converter 3 are connected to the positive and negative poles 4, 5 of the generator 2, respectively.
  • the power converter also has a here five-pole output 1 1, to which the three output terminals (L 1, L2, L3) 1 2, 1 3, 14, which lead the individual phases of the output side AC voltage of the power converter 3, a neutral output terminal (N) 16 and a ground output terminal (PE or FE) 15 of the power converter 3 belong.
  • the power converter 3, in particular inverter, can of any preferably
  • the power converter 3 has a power converter circuit not shown here in detail, which in a known manner, a parallel circuit of here, for example, three substantially identical half or full bridges each having connected in series switches, with the high frequencies of up to 100 kHz after predetermined patterns are switched to from the input voltage and the input current a suitable, especially network-compliant
  • Electric motor-generator drives may include, both by the
  • Power generation plant 1 are fed and can feed back into this power.
  • the network is preferably a power supply network, for example, a public network of an energy supplier.
  • the three-phase alternating current fed into the network 17 has three output currents which are substantially equal in magnitude to one another and in each case 120 degrees out of phase with one another.
  • the three output terminals 1 2-1 4 of the power converter 3 are connected via respective phase conductors 1 8, 19 and 20 with phase terminals 22, 23 and 24, respectively, the output terminals of the total designated 21 power generating device or entire current inverter assembly between the generator 2 and the network 17 and the
  • Output terminal of the power generating device 21 and input terminal of the network 17 connected.
  • certain protective conductor (PE conductor) or a functional grounding conductor (FE conductor) 28th provided for the derivation of equalizing and interference currents, which, as indicated by the grounding symbol 29, grounded and with the preferably on the network side and the neutral conductor 26 is connected.
  • a PE conductor 28 may extend over the entire system, and preferably also the housing of the generator 3 and the power converter 3 is connected to it.
  • phase conductors 1 8-20 and the neutral conductor 26 are arranged in the phase conductors 1 8-20 and the neutral conductor 26.
  • these include in particular a suppression filter device 3 1, a separator 32 and a
  • the suppression filter device 31 is for suppressing high-frequency noise on the
  • the suppression filter device 3 1 has at least one first and one second interference filter element 34 and 36, respectively, for filtering in particular asymmetrical interference voltages or currents, so-called common-mode interference, for example, by the high-frequency switching of the switch units of the current - Inverter 3 are caused to serve.
  • a first interference filter element 34 and a second interference filter element 36 are arranged in each phase conductor 1 8-20.
  • the first noise filter element 34 is inserted in each case between the respective phase output terminal 1 2, 1 3, or 1 4 of the power converter 3 and the separator 32 and additionally directly connected to the protective conductor (PE) 28 to fault and interference currents against the earth 29 as Derive reference point.
  • PE protective conductor
  • each first noise filter element 34 could have a
  • Functional earth may be connected, as it is often provided in inverter arrangements for EMC filters.
  • the protective function of a protective conductor is not important. Rather, it depends on the possibility of the derivation of equalizing currents.
  • the second noise filter element 36 is inserted in each phase conductor 18, 19 and 20 respectively between the separator 32 and the network-side phase connection 22, 23 and 24, respectively, and generally formed by a line filter, for example an LC bandpass or LC low-pass filter as is well known in the art.
  • the first noise filter element 34, the second noise filter element 36 and an optional ferrite core for suppressing higher-frequency interference components form together the Noise Filter 31, which are provided to improve the electromagnetic compatibility.
  • the separator 32 is provided for isolating the power converter 3 from the network 17 in the event of a fault.
  • Switch elements S31, S32 is disposed in the L3 phase conductor 20 and a fourth
  • Series circuit 40 of two controllable switch elements S41, S42 in the neutral conductor 26 is arranged.
  • controllable switch elements S i l ... S42 preferably relays or contactors are used, which are suitable for switching in the large electrical power, as they occur in the present applications.
  • semiconductor switches such as bipolar power transistors, power MOSFET transistors, IGBTs and the like could be used.
  • switch elements S i l ... S42 are driven to close by a control device 42 shown here only schematically.
  • all the switch elements S i... S42 can be actuated by the control device 42 to open, in order to interrupt the connection between the power converter 3 and the network 17 via the phase conductors 18-20 and the neutral conductor 26 to effect the required potential separation.
  • the current sensor device 33 is part of a so-called universal current sensitive
  • Residual current monitoring unit 42 which is sometimes referred to as RCMU (Residual Count Monitoring Unit) and in particular for transformerless PV inverters for Realization of an AC-sensitive residual current circuit breaker (AFI module) is usually integrated.
  • the universal current-sensitive residual current monitoring unit 42 is used for plant and personnel protection and detects fault or leakage currents in the form of DC, AC and / or pulse currents, in particular in an inverter, in the PV modules or in the
  • Evaluation logic of the AC-sensitive monitoring unit 42 may be part of a control logic of the control device 41 for controlling the power converter 3.
  • the current sensor device 33 itself is in the preferred embodiment as a
  • differential current sensor through which all the phase conductors 1 8-20, which lead the operating current from the converter output 1 1 to the network 17, and the neutral conductor 26 are looped through as a primary conductor, so that the differential current sensor 33, the difference or sum of the Primary conductor flowing alternating currents detected.
  • These include, in particular, capacitive leakage currents, which are systematically generated by, for example, a PV generator 2, possible ohmic fault currents, the z. B. generated by a defective insulation of a PV system, as well as leakage or equalization currents, which are optionally caused in the test procedure described below for functional testing of the separator 32. All these Ableittial. Fault currents can be reliably detected and distinguished, whereupon a
  • Isolation can be enforced by means of the separator 32.
  • the first noise filter element 34 of the noise filter device 31 is here in each case by a
  • FIG. 2 also schematically illustrates a possible implementation form for the second noise filter element 36 of the interference filter device 31.
  • the second interference filter element 34 has suitable low-pass elements for suppressing higher interference frequencies, here inserted by LC elements with in the phase conductors 1 8-20 and the neutral conductor 26 respectively
  • Inductors (L) 47 and at the output between the conductors 1 8-20 or 26 and ground 29 respectively connected capacitors (C2) 48 are formed.
  • a current-compensated inductor 49 is used, which, as common and common, can help to effectively dampen so-called common-mode noise that occur in the same direction, with the same amplitude and phase in the conductors ,
  • the control device 42 is for controlling the switch elements S i l ... S42 of
  • the controller 41 may be part of the controller that controls the operation of the power converter 3. In particular, it can be implemented together with it in software or firmware that runs on a common processor. However, the controller 42 may also be implemented separately by the controller of the power converter. In any case, the control device 42 is preferably in common with the logic of the universal current-sensitive
  • Control device 41 a first control unit 51 for driving the first switch elements S l 1, S21, S31, S41 all series circuits 37-40 in the conductors 1 8-20 and 26 and a second separate control unit 52, which controls the second switch elements S 12th , S22, S32, S42 is provided in the conductors 1 8-20 and 26.
  • the first and second controllers 1 and 52 are preferably implemented on different processors to provide a desired redundancy that allows for the desired error tolerance. Thus, even in the event of a defect in one of the control units 51 and 52, it can be ensured that the other control unit, via the switch elements assigned to it, can effect a potential separation in all of the conductors 1 8-20 and 26.
  • the first control unit 51 is operatively connected via control lines 53-56 to the first switching elements S il, S21, S31, S41, while the second control unit 52 to the second Switch elements S l 2, S22, S32 and S42 is operatively connected via corresponding second control lines 58-61.
  • each of the first and second control units 51, 52 has an evaluation unit 63, 64, respectively, which corresponds to those of the first and second control units 51, 52
  • Current sensor device 33 receives signals supplied compares with predetermined limits and, for example, when exceeding the limits outputs an error message and the associated control unit 1 or 52 instructs to control the associated switch elements S i l ... S42 to open. This can be done both in operation upon detection of error currents and in the test procedure according to the invention for checking the separation device 32.
  • Controller 41 performs before the power converter 3 goes into operation to ensure a faultless operation of the separator 32. This test procedure will now be explained with reference to FIG.
  • the power converter 3 for example, a PV inverter
  • DC generator voltage is supplied.
  • the generator 2 in particular the PV generator 2 supplies enough DC voltage, a sufficiently high input voltage is provided, which is above the mains peak voltage, so that the power converter can generate a suitable voltage and feed electrical current into the network 17.
  • the converter 3 then, as part of a so-called feedforward routine, traces its filters to the network 17 to synchronize with it, and connects to the network 17 as soon as it is network synchronous.
  • the power converter 3 performs the test routine illustrated in Figure 3. As illustrated in FIG. 3, first, in step S 101, the index i indicative of the conductor is set to 1. This means that the first phase conductor 18 (L 1) is considered. In addition, the index for switch j is also set to 1.
  • step S 102 the switch Sij is activated for firing. This means during the first pass of the routine that the first switch S i l in the first phase conductor 18 is driven closed.
  • step S03 it is checked whether the line i is neutral. If the line i is the neutral, then proceeding to step S l 10, which is explained in more detail below. If the line i is not the neutral conductor, as is the case, for example, for the phase conductors 18, 19 and 20, step S 104 is continued.
  • step S 104 possible compensation currents are detected, which are caused by closing the switch Sij. If, for example, in the present example in which the switch S l 1 is closed, the second switch S l 2 of the series circuit 37 is defective and remains closed, although it is driven open, a current is caused by the closing of the switch Si l which flows from the network 17 via the first phase conductor 18, the line filter 36 of the noise filter 31 and the closed switch S l 1, S 12 and over the
  • This leakage current is detected or registered by the differential current sensor 33 as a compensation current or differential current fed from the network 17 into the interference filter device 31. Since the compensation current flows via the phase conductor 18 into the interference filter device 34 flows in and over the protective conductor or function grounding conductor 28 to the ground 29, the sum or difference of all currents through the differential current sensor 33 is not equal to zero.
  • Balancing characteristic signal of the first evaluation unit 63 of the first control unit 51 supplied for evaluation In the case when a second switch S l 2, S22, S32 or S42 is driven closed, the compensation current signal of the second evaluation unit 64 of the second control unit 52 is supplied for evaluation. Alternatively, the balance current signal Both control units 51, 52 provided and the evaluation or monitoring of both control units 51, 52 are made in parallel to provide greater redundancy and security.
  • step S105 the respective evaluation unit 63 or 64 checks whether a noticeable
  • the evaluation unit 63 or 64 can compare the signal characterizing the equalizing current which it receives from the measuring device 33, for example, with a predetermined threshold value. But there could also be other criteria that z. B. may affect the expected waveform of the compensation current, are used.
  • step S106 Is detected on the basis of the compensation current signal that a balancing current is present, for. For example, if the intensity of the compensation current is greater than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the other switch Sik (with kj) in the line i is defective (step S106). If, for example, one of the first switches S 1, S 21 or S 31 of a respective series circuit 37-39 is activated closed, the respective second switch S 12, S 22 or S 32 is to be regarded as defective when compensating currents are detected. In this case, as shown in step S107, the error is reported to a higher-level instance and, if necessary, displayed on the power converter 3, and a power converter operation is prevented.
  • step S108 the switch Sij is opened and the index i for the line is incremented by 1 (step S9) to check the next line.
  • step S9 the steps S 102 to S 109 and, where appropriate, S l 10, Sl 1 1 are repeated.
  • an insulation measurement is made on the power converter 3.
  • Such insulation measurement routines are prescribed in controllers for power generation systems with inverters and always present and in various forms commonly known.
  • one of the input terminals 8, 9 of the power converter 3 is connected to ground via a measuring resistor by means of a switch of an integrated measuring circuit, so that current can flow to the ground via the respective insulation resistance at the other converter input terminal 9 or 8 and the measuring resistor. About the voltage drop across the measuring resistor can then be the
  • step S l 10 Insulation measurement in step S l 10 performed to check the operation of the switches S41 and S42 in the neutral conductor 26. If, in the case of a closed switch S41 (or S42), an insulation fault is detected in step S11, this indicates that there is a defect in the other switch S42 (or S41) in the neutral conductor 26, because the Converter 3 is now galvanically, depending on the network shape, connected to the network 17 and thus the isolation is no longer guaranteed. Consequently, in this case, in step S106, the switch S42 (or, S41) is declared defective, whereupon the error is notified in step S107 and the power converter operation is prevented.
  • step S 12 Function check consecutively continue by means of the second switch elements S 12, S22, S32, S42 in the conductors 18-20 and 26.
  • the routine then returns to step S 102 to iteratively perform steps S 102 through S 109, and optionally S 10, S 11, for the next-to-be-closed second switch elements S 1 2, S22, S32, and S42, respectively. If all the switches S 1 l ... S42 have already been used (yes in step S 12), then the pre-control routine is triggered in step S l 1.
  • Vor tenuungsroutine the power converter 3 is synchronized with the network 17, after which all the switch elements S i l ... S42 of the separator 32 are closed to connect the power converter 3 to the network 17 and to put this into operation.
  • the network synchronization takes place after a review of the insulation of the power converter 3, wherein the insulation check can also be made before or during the functional review of the separator 32. As long as no error occurs in the subsequent feed - in mode, the shutdown of the
  • Converter 3 requires, all switches S l 1 .. S42 remain closed.
  • test method according to the invention has many advantages.
  • the test facility and the test facility have many advantages.
  • Test methods can be implemented relatively easily and, with low complexity, enable an effective and reliable monitoring of the functional safety of the potential separation of the power generation plant.
  • the controllable switch elements S i l ". S42 the separator 32 are checked automatically, quickly and reliably.
  • test method according to the invention can relatively little effort, preferably alone by an additional software-based control logic of the controller 41, which can be updated nachrösten.
  • a noise filter capacitor such as C T (43-45) in Fig. 2 is already provided in PV inverter circuits for suppression measures. If this is not the case, it can be added without difficulty.
  • a measuring device in the form of an all-current-sensitive differential current sensor 33 is generally already present in existing PV inverters. The same applies to one
  • Insulation measurement routine which is urgently required for inverters. Thus, no or only a few additional components are needed.
  • the energy generating device as it is inserted between the generator 3 and the network 17 in FIGS. 1 and 2, can be used for different applications, including photovoltaic power generation, wind power or fuel cells, for generating alternating current or DC, for supplying electric motor drives, etc. can be used.
  • the energy generating device can be designed in one, two or three phases.
  • the suppression filter device may have various well-known
  • the first noise filter element except one
  • Suppressor filter capacitor (C D 42-45 have a parallel connected bleeder or be realized by another RLC circuit.) It is important that a leakage or
  • FIG. 4 shows further modifications of the invention. Insofar as there is conformity in construction and / or function, reference is made to the above description in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3 in order to avoid repetition on the basis of the same reference numbers.
  • the illustrated in Figure 4 embodiment differs from that shown in Figures 1 to 3 initially by the formation of the separator 32.
  • This has here contactors (or relays) as switch elements S il ... S42, each having two jointly controllable switching contacts have, which are arranged in different conductors 1 8-20 and 26.
  • a first contactor on the switching contacts Sl 1, Sl 2 which are arranged in the first phase conductor (L I) 18 and the second phase conductor (L2) 1 and together here of the first
  • Control unit 51 via a first Stör ein 53 ' are controlled.
  • a second contactor has two switching contacts S31 and S41 which are arranged in the third phase conductor (L3) 20 and the neutral conductor 26 and are jointly controlled here by the first control unit 51 via a further first control line 54 ' .
  • a third contactor has the switching contacts S l 2 and S22 in the first and second phase conductors 1 8, 20, which are common to the second
  • Control unit 52 via a second control line 60 ' can be controlled.
  • a fourth contactor or relay has the switching contacts S32 and S42, which in the third phase conductor 20 and the Neutral conductor 26 are arranged and can be controlled jointly by the second control unit 52 via the common further second control line 59 ' .
  • the contactor (or relay) with the switch elements or contacts S 1 and S 21 can first be actuated to close in a similar manner as described in connection with FIG. Compensating currents occur on is' disregarding the additional switching elements S 1 3, S23, S33 and S43, which are described later, assume that the contactor is faulty 2 and S22 with the contacts S l.
  • Gluing or clamping of the switch element S42 in the neutral conductor 26 is again checked by means of an insulation measurement. If an insulation fault is detected, that is
  • the procedure is then repeated with the other contactors by activating all contactors to open and then closing the contactor with the contacts Sl 2 and S22. If equalizing currents occur, then the contactor with the contacts S 1 and S21 is defective.
  • Insulation measurement checked and considered this to be defective if an insulation fault is detected.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further modification which can be made additionally or alternatively on the separating device 32 according to the invention. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the
  • Separator 32 here illustrates how it has in each conductor 1 8-20 and 26 between the output 1 of the power converter 3 and the network-side terminals 22-24 and 27 each have an additional third switch element.
  • a switch element Sl 3 is in series with the
  • Switch elements S l 1 and S 12 arranged, a further third switch element S23 is arranged in series with the switch elements S21 and S22, another third switch element S33 is arranged in series with the switch elements S31 and S32, and another third third
  • Switch element S43 is arranged in series with the switch elements S41 and S42. By providing the additional third switch elements S l 3, S23, S33 and S43 in the
  • Separator 32 is achieved additional security in terms of sufficient electrical isolation.
  • the three switch elements per series circuit 37-40 give a larger air separation distance, which may also be sufficient if one of the switch elements is defective, so sticks or jammed, or the other switch elements already by aging, corrosion and
  • the third switch elements S l 3, S23, S33 and S43 are illustrated as they can be controlled by the second control unit 52 via control lines 60 ' and 61 ' . Alternatively, however, they could also be actuated by the first control unit 51 or by a separate, additional control unit (not illustrated here in detail) of the control device 41.
  • the pairs of switch elements S l 3, S23 and S33, S43 each form jointly controllable switching contacts of a single contactor, as described above in connection with the switching contacts Sl 1 ... S42 in the embodiment of Figure 4. It can also be provided further switch elements in each series circuit 37-40, to further increase the security, or it can also be used with more than two jointly controllable switching contacts contactors or relays.
  • Figs. The flow chart of Figure 5 largely corresponds to that of Figure 3, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is made in principle to the local statements and here only the differences are set forth.
  • step S 102 ' the switch Sij, that is to say the switch j in the line i, is then driven to open, while all other switches Sik (k ⁇ j) are driven to close. If compensating currents are detected in step S 105, then in this case it is to be determined in modified step S 106 ' that the switch Sij is defective.
  • step S 108 ' is to be modified insofar as all switches Sik (k ⁇ j) are now driven to open in order to check the next switch Sij.
  • An energy generating device for generating electrical energy, in particular from regenerative energy, for feeding into a network 17 has a power converter 3, at least one line for the electrical connection of the power converter 3 to the network 17, a separator 32 for potential separation of the power converter from the network, wherein the Separator 32 has a arranged in the at least one line 18-20, 26 series circuit 37-40 of at least two separately controllable switch elements S il ..
  • a Noise filter 31 the at least one between the output 1 1 of the power converter 3 and the separator 32nd to the at least one line 1 8-20 connected Entstörfilterelement 34 to derive high-frequency interference signals against a reference point
  • a measuring device 33 for detecting the leakage current flowing through the filter element 34 leakage and to supply this characteristic Ableitstromsignale and a Steuereinr ichtung 41 for controlling the Switch elements S il ... S43 of the separator 32 on.
  • the control device 41 is set up to selectively control at least one of the switch elements S ..

Abstract

Dispositif de production d'énergie électrique, notamment à partir d'énergie renouvelable, aux fins d'alimentation d'un réseau (17), présentant un convertisseur électronique de puissance (3), au moins une ligne assurant le raccordement électrique du convertisseur électronique de puissance (3) au réseau (17), un dispositif de séparation (32) assurant la séparation de potentiel du convertisseur électronique de puissance du secteur, le dispositif de séparation (32) présentant un montage série (37-40) disposé dans ladite au moins une ligne (18-20, 26) et constitué d'au moins deux éléments de commutation (S11... S43) à commande distincte, un dispositif filtre antiparasite (31) qui présente au moins un élément filtrant (34) raccordé à ladite au moins une ligne (18-20) entre la sortie (11) du convertisseur électronique de puissance (3) et le dispositif de séparation (32), afin de dériver les signaux parasites haute fréquence vers un point de référence, un dispositif de mesure (33) permettant de détecter des courants de fuite passant par l'élément filtrant antiparasite (34) et, à cet effet, de délivrer des signaux de courant de fuite caractéristiques, et un dispositif de commande (41) destiné à la commande des éléments de commutation (S11... S43) du dispositif de séparation (32). Pour vérifier le fonctionnement fiable des éléments de commutation, le dispositif de commande (41) est conçu pour sélectivement commander la fermeture d'au moins un des éléments de commutation (S11... S43) d'un montage série (37-40), pour recevoir un signal de courant de fuite en provenance du dispositif de mesure (33) et, à l'appui du signal de courant de fuite, pour détecter un défaut au moins d'un autre des éléments de commutation du montage série. L'invention concerne également un procédé de vérification de la fiabilité d'un dispositif de séparation de potentiel d'un dispositif de production d'énergie.
EP14725650.7A 2013-05-06 2014-05-05 Dispositif de production d'énergie à séparation de potentiel fiable Withdrawn EP2994767A1 (fr)

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DE102013104629.0A DE102013104629A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Energieerzeugungseinrichtung mit funktionssicherer Potentialtrennung
PCT/EP2014/059045 WO2014180757A1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2014-05-05 Dispositif de production d'énergie à séparation de potentiel fiable

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