EP2981381A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Info

Publication number
EP2981381A1
EP2981381A1 EP14728101.8A EP14728101A EP2981381A1 EP 2981381 A1 EP2981381 A1 EP 2981381A1 EP 14728101 A EP14728101 A EP 14728101A EP 2981381 A1 EP2981381 A1 EP 2981381A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
support body
cold gas
iib
cold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14728101.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2981381B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Doye
Ursus KRÜGER
Oliver Stier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2981381A1 publication Critical patent/EP2981381A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2981381B1 publication Critical patent/EP2981381B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cup-shaped component with a wall and a recess open to the opening of this component.
  • the invention relates to a manufacturing plant for a component, comprising a cold spray nozzle and a holding device for the component, wherein the cold spray device and the receptacle are movable relative to each other.
  • Cup-shaped components are preferably produced by deep drawing.
  • a sheet is processed via a molding (die) forming technology.
  • components can only be manufactured economically in this way in the case of relatively large quantities since the molds are comparatively expensive to produce and therefore have a negative effect on the unit costs for smaller quantities.
  • This also applies to a production by casting, since in this case molds must be made.
  • machining is also technically possible, for example by milling.
  • machining in the case of shell-shaped components, a large volume has to be removed by machining, which is why this method is not economically justifiable because of the production costs involved.
  • shell-shaped components in the context of the invention, components are to be understood whose shell thickness, ie wall thickness of the wall, is small compared to the overall dimensions of the component.
  • small is meant, for example, a ratio in which the average shell thickness of the component is below 5%, preferably even below 2% and even more preferably even below 0.5%, compared to its longest overall dimension.
  • Such shell components are widely used in the art.
  • DE 10 2010 040 855 AI For example, use of such cup-shaped components in DC particle accelerators is described. These particle accelerators have electrodes which are interlaced and therefore consist of shell-shaped components of different dimensions. These electrodes are therefore produced only in small numbers, with an interest that they can be produced economically. On the one hand, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a cup-shaped component, with which cup-shaped components can be produced economically, even in small quantities.
  • the manufacturing plant mentioned at the outset is also known from the prior art.
  • the cold gas spraying and a suitable plant for the application of this method is described for example in DE 690 164 33 T2.
  • a particle jet is strongly accelerated by a gas under pressure through a convergently-divergent nozzle, which results in deposition of the particles on a suitable substrate.
  • a permissible interval for the spraying angle within which the adhesive strength of the deposited particles reaches maximum values. The zero angle may or may not be included in this interval. The family of permissible spraying angles thus results in a space between two conical surfaces whose tips coincide at the point of impact of the particle beam. If in the
  • Cold gas spraying is a process known per se, in which particles intended for coating are preferably accelerated to supersonic speed by means of a convergent-divergent nozzle, so that they adhere to the surface to be coated on account of their impressed kinetic energy.
  • the kinetic energy of the particles is used, which leads to a plastic deformation of the same, wherein the coating particles are melted on impact only on their surface. Therefore, this method is referred to as cold gas spraying in comparison to other thermal spraying methods, because it is carried out at comparatively low temperatures at which the coating particles remain substantially fixed.
  • cold gas spraying which is also referred to as kinetic spraying, uses a cold gas spraying system which has a gas heating device for heating a gas.
  • a stagnation chamber is connected, which is connected on the output side with the convergent-divergent nozzle, preferably a Laval nozzle.
  • Convergent-divergent nozzles have a converging section and a flared section connected by a nozzle throat.
  • the convergent-divergent nozzle produces on the output side a powder jet in the form of a gas stream with particles therein at high speed, preferably supersonic speed.
  • the cold gas jet layers can be deposited to produce, for example, a tube on a cylindrical Rohrmatrize, as described in DE 10 2010 060362 AI.
  • a further object of the invention is therefore to modify a production plant for cold gas spraying in such a way that the method given in the introduction can be carried out with it. This means that by means of the manufacturing The production of cup-shaped components should advantageously be feasible cost-effective even for small batches.
  • the first object is achieved by the method specified above according to the invention by the following measures.
  • the component is manufactured by cold gas spraying.
  • a support body is provided with a curved surface made of a material on which the particles of the cold gas jet do not adhere.
  • a starting structure on the surface can be temporarily fixed. This fixation must not be followed by an intimate, for example cohesive joining of the starting structure with the support body. But a better possibility is to hold the starting structure by means of a holding device and bring in this way with the support body in contact.
  • the particles of the cold gas jet do not adhere to the material of the support body, this essentially depends on the choice of the spray angle. If the spray angle is 0 °, layers can be deposited on most materials, whereas this is not possible if the spray angle is outside the cold spray cone. In other words, a support body, on which the particles of the cold gas jet remain as little as possible, can advantageously be selected such that the particles to be deposited can only be deposited on the material of the support body in a comparatively sharp cold spray cone or not at all.
  • the component is produced by a material application from the cold gas jet to the seam of the component being formed, wherein the support body and the cold gas jet are moved synchronously such that the cold gas jet at an angle within the cold spray cone of the seam, but impinges on the seam outside of the cold spray cone of the support body.
  • the seam of the component being manufactured will always be be at an angle to the support body, in which the surface of the support body is oriented so that is based on the support body of the cold gas jet outside of the cold spray cone.
  • the orientation of the surface of the seam relative to the surface of the support body is preferably about 90 ° or at least more than 70 ° to 90 °.
  • the supporting body supports the component which is being formed in the point of impact of the cold gas jet. Due to the fact that a production of the component by cold gas spraying always requires support of the component only in the impact area of the cold gas jet, the volume of the support body can advantageously be much smaller than the internal volume of the depression of the shell-shaped component. It is only necessary that with a convex surface of the support body, the radius of curvature at the point of impact of the cold gas jet is just lower than the local radius of curvature of the shell-shaped component on the inside. If a concave support structure is used, the radius of curvature of the component must be smaller on the outside than the radius of curvature of the support structure. Only in this way can it be achieved that the support structure can in each case preferably tangentially cling to the part of the shell-shaped component which is being formed and thereby supports it.
  • the component can be designed like a bowl.
  • the cup-shaped component is rotationally symmetrical and the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the plane containing the opening.
  • the component can be produced as an electrode shell of a particle accelerator.
  • the support body consists of a hard metal.
  • This material has the advantage that particles can be deposited comparatively poorly on this material by means of cold gas spraying and therefore the supporting effect of a supporting body produced in this way can be well utilized. Besides that is Such a support body exposed only a small amount of wear, so that it rarely needs to be replaced.
  • the support body has a surface which has the shape of a sphere or a sphere section.
  • These shapes of the support bodies belong to the group of support bodies with a convex surface. Spherical support bodies can be advantageously handled easily, since regardless of the positioning of the ball with respect to the originating
  • the support body is formed with a concave surface, wherein also this concave surface can advantageously form the gelgelabsacrificings a.
  • a plurality of support bodies with different radii of curvature are provided on their curved surface. These can then be exchanged in the process, whereby shell-shaped components can advantageously also be produced in this way, in which the radii of curvature of the shell are locally different (that is to say shapes other than spherical shells). It must be taken into account here that the radius of curvature of the support body must not deviate too much from the radius of curvature of the wall which is just to be produced, since otherwise the support effect will be too low. It is particularly advantageous if the cold spray nozzle
  • the cold spray nozzle and the support body are each guided by a robot arm.
  • the cold spray nozzle and the support body can advantageously optimally be aligned with each other, which increases the variety of manufacturable shapes of bowl-shaped components.
  • the robot arm can advantageously each have at least three axes. Of course, more degrees of freedom increase the geometric flexibility of the entire system.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is obtained when the starting structure used is an annularly closed structure which defines the edge of the opening of the cup-shaped component, the wall of the component being constructed starting from the starting structure.
  • the structure must be ring-shaped so that it forms a border of the opening of the cup-shaped component. However, this does not mean that this opening must be circular.
  • ring-shaped closure is merely to be understood as meaning that the starting structure is elongate and has no beginning and no end.
  • the starting structure can also be produced as an annularly closed structure on a base by cold gas spraying. This then forms the edge of the opening of the cup-shaped component and the wall is constructed starting from the starting structure by cold gas spraying.
  • the object directed to the production plant specified at the outset is achieved according to the invention in that the production plant has a support body which has a convexly or concavely curved surface and is movable relative to the receptacle.
  • the advantages associated with the use of such a support body are associated with already mentioned above.
  • the free mobility of the support body and the cold spray nozzle ensure that the movement of these two elements can be synchronized to locally support the deposition of particles on the seam of the component being manufactured.
  • the relative mobility between the holding device for the component to be manufactured, the cold spray nozzle and the support body can not necessarily be accomplished by a movement of cold spray nozzle and support body alone, but also by a movement of the component in the holding device ,
  • the cold spray nozzle and the support body have to perform only pivotal movements in a plane.
  • this simplification is paid for by the lower geometric flexibility of the manu- facturing plant.
  • a technical compromise must be found.
  • the support body can be attached to a robot arm.
  • the cold spray nozzle can be attached to a robot arm.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show selected steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in a sectional representation
  • Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the method according to the invention in a sectional view
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic embodiment of the manufacturing plant according to the invention in a schematic section.
  • FIG. 1 shows how the method according to the invention is started.
  • a starting structure IIa is provided, which is of annular design and forms the edge of an opening 12 to be produced of a cup-shaped component which is not yet to be recognized.
  • the starting structure IIa is fixed with a holding device 13.
  • a cold spray nozzle 14 which is fastened to a robot arm 15, is directed onto the edge of the starting structure IIa.
  • a spherical support body 16 from the other side with a further robot arm 15 b to the edge of the
  • FIG. 2 it can be seen in section how a wall 18 of the component 19 to be produced arises. It can be seen that the support body 16 is tracked in such a way that it is always located at the point of impact of the cold gas jet 17. This is directed to the seam 20 of the wall 18 being produced and, in the variant shown in FIG. 2, strikes the seam 20 exactly at an angle of 90 °. The spraying angle is therefore 0 °. However, this can, as indicated by the cold spray cone 21, also deviate from the illustrated 0 °, as long as it is within the cold spray cone 21.
  • the support body 16 conforms to the concave inner side of the wall 18 in such a way that in the region of the seam 20 a tangential contact of the wall 18 with the surface of the support body 16 takes place.
  • the orientation of the seam with respect to a standing on the surface of the support body 16 normal 22 is inclined by the angle ß, the angle ß is chosen low enough so that an alignment of the cold jet 17 outside of
  • spray cone on the surface of the support body is (ß can also be zero). This avoids that particles are deposited on the surface of the support body.
  • FIG. 3 shows how a starting structure IIb is produced on a base 24 in the form of a flat table.
  • the cold gas jet 17 is directed onto this base 24 and thus produces the annular starting structure.
  • This advantageously consists preferably of the same material as the wall to be produced.
  • a hole 25 is provided, through which the support structure 16 (see Figure 5) can be inserted into the recess 26 of the cup-shaped member 19.
  • FIG. 4 It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the support structure 16 used there has the shape of a hemisphere so that it can be brought to the seam 20 without the pad 24 disturbs. Otherwise, the wall according to FIG. 4 is produced in the manner already described for FIG. 2. In Figure 5 it can be seen how the component 19 is made shortly before its final completion.
  • FIG. 6 shows a concave supporting body 16, which is guided from the outside against the wall 18 of the component to be produced which is not shown in any more detail. It can be seen that the radius of curvature of the concave support body 16 can only be so great that the cold gas jet 17 can still be brought to the seam 20 of the component. Therefore, a concave support body is preferably suitable for the production of large radii, which would be made difficult by an approach of the support body from the inside.
  • the manufacturing plant has a housing 27 so that it can be filled with a protective gas.
  • two robots 28a, 28b are arranged, which have the robot arms 15a, 15b.
  • Attached to the robot arm 15a is the cold spray nozzle 14, which is connected to a cold spray system 30 via a flexible conduit 29.
  • the holding device 13 allows the inclusion of a starting structure (not shown). This can be supported in a production of the wall according to the methods already described on the support structure 16, which is tracked by means of the robot 28b in a suitable manner. If the component to be manufactured ranges differently Have diameter, so more support body 16 are provided in a magazine 31. This magazine 31 can be approached by the robot arm 15b, so that the support body 16 can be replaced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave (18). L'invention concerne également un équipement de production pour la fabrication d'un tel élément structural (18). Selon l'invention, l'élément structural (18) est réalisé par projection à froid au moyen d'un jet de projection à froid (17). Les particules du jet de projection à froid (17) sont toujours appliquées au niveau de la lisière (20) de l'élément structural (18) en cours de formation, un corps de soutien (16) étant utilisé concurremment. Selon l'invention le corps de soutien soutient l'élément structural uniquement au niveau du site d'application du jet de projection à froid (17). Il est possible de cette manière de réaliser la forme de l'élément structural (18) par un déplacement approprié du corps de soutien (16) et du jet de projection à froid, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de réaliser un noyau pour le remplissage de l'ensemble du volume de l'élément structural concave (18). Le procédé de l'invention est ainsi particulièrement économique pour la fabrication en petites séries étant donné que le corps de soutien (16) peut être utilisé de manière universelle pour des éléments structuraux présentant diverses géométries. Selon l'invention, l'équipement de production comprend à cet effet un corps de soutien mobile en plus de la buse de projection à froid.
EP14728101.8A 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Active EP2981381B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013209477 2013-05-22
DE102013216439.4A DE102013216439A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2013-08-20 Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines schalenförmigen Bauteils sowie zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Herstellungsanlage
PCT/EP2014/059612 WO2014187688A1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2981381A1 true EP2981381A1 (fr) 2016-02-10
EP2981381B1 EP2981381B1 (fr) 2019-03-13

Family

ID=51863228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14728101.8A Active EP2981381B1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10099288B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2981381B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2913073C (fr)
DE (1) DE102013216439A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014187688A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013216439A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines schalenförmigen Bauteils sowie zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Herstellungsanlage
EP3310943A4 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2018-08-22 Effusiontech Pty Ltd Appareil et procédé permettant de former des objets en 3d
US11344951B2 (en) * 2016-06-06 2022-05-31 Effusiontech Pty Ltd Apparatus for forming 3D objects
CN109843591B (zh) * 2016-10-11 2022-02-08 易福仁科技知产私人有限公司 形成3d物体的方法
WO2020038930A1 (fr) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Sascha Larch Procédé pour produire un réservoir sous pression léger et réservoir sous pression léger

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DE1964167C3 (de) * 1968-12-30 1974-09-12 Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., London Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Formfläche durch Metallspritzen
DE2524806C2 (de) * 1975-06-04 1983-12-22 Aktiebolaget Volvo, 40508 Göteborg Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Werkzeugs zum Tiefziehen, Formen, Strangpressen bzw. Extrudieren oder dergleichen
US4775092A (en) * 1987-10-30 1988-10-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for building a workpiece by deposit welding
WO1991019016A1 (fr) 1990-05-19 1991-12-12 Institut Teoreticheskoi I Prikladnoi Mekhaniki Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr Procede et dispositif de revetement
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10099288B2 (en) 2018-10-16
DE102013216439A1 (de) 2014-11-27
WO2014187688A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
CA2913073C (fr) 2018-06-26
EP2981381B1 (fr) 2019-03-13
CA2913073A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
US20160107231A1 (en) 2016-04-21

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