EP2981381B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2981381B1
EP2981381B1 EP14728101.8A EP14728101A EP2981381B1 EP 2981381 B1 EP2981381 B1 EP 2981381B1 EP 14728101 A EP14728101 A EP 14728101A EP 2981381 B1 EP2981381 B1 EP 2981381B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
supporting body
cold gas
cold
shell
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP14728101.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2981381A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Doye
Ursus KRÜGER
Oliver Stier
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cup-shaped component with a wall and a recess open to the opening of this component.
  • the invention relates to a manufacturing plant for a component, comprising a cold spray nozzle and a holding device for the component, wherein the cold spray device and the receptacle are movable relative to each other.
  • Cup-shaped components are preferably produced by deep drawing.
  • a sheet is processed via a molding (die) forming technology.
  • components can be produced economically in this way only for larger quantities, since the molds are relatively expensive to manufacture and therefore negatively affect the unit cost of smaller quantities.
  • This also applies to a production by casting, since in this case molds must be made.
  • a machining for example by milling.
  • a large volume has to be removed by machining, which is why this method is not economically justifiable because of the production costs involved.
  • shell-shaped components in the context of the invention, components are to be understood whose shell thickness, ie wall thickness of the wall, is small compared to the overall dimensions of the component.
  • small is meant, for example, a ratio in which the average shell thickness of the component is below 5%, preferably even below 2% and even more preferably even below 0.5%, compared to its longest overall dimension.
  • Such shell components are widely used in the art.
  • DE 10 2010 040 855 A1 For example, use of such cup-shaped components in DC particle accelerators is described. These particle accelerators have electrodes which are interleaved and therefore consist of shell-shaped components of different dimensions. These electrodes are therefore produced only in small numbers, with an interest that they can be produced economically.
  • the object of the invention is therefore firstly to provide a method for producing a cup-shaped component with which cup-shaped components can be produced economically even in small quantities.
  • the manufacturing plant mentioned at the outset is also known from the prior art.
  • the cold gas spraying and a suitable plant for the application of this method is for example in the DE 690 164 33 T2 described.
  • a particle jet is accelerated by a gas under pressure through a convergent-divergent nozzle, which results in a deposition of the particles on a suitable substrate.
  • a 0 °
  • the spray angle a there is a permissible interval for the spraying angle within which the adhesive strength of the deposited particles reaches maximum values.
  • the zero angle may or may not be included in this interval.
  • the crowd of all permissible spraying angles thus results in a space between two conical surfaces whose tips coincide at the impingement point of the particle beam. If the zero angle is included in the interval (which is usually the case), it is necessary to describe the injection angle interval only one cone, the so-called cold spray cone, which is aligned in the manner described.
  • Cold gas spraying is a process known per se, in which particles intended for coating are preferably accelerated to supersonic speed by means of a convergent-divergent nozzle, so that they adhere to the surface to be coated on account of their impressed kinetic energy.
  • the kinetic energy of the particles is used, which leads to a plastic deformation of the same, wherein the coating particles are melted on impact only on their surface. Therefore, this method is referred to as cold gas spraying in comparison to other thermal spraying methods, because it is carried out at comparatively low temperatures at which the coating particles remain substantially fixed.
  • a cold gas spraying system which has a gas heater for heating a gas.
  • a stagnation chamber is connected, which is connected on the output side with the convergent-divergent nozzle, preferably a Laval nozzle.
  • Convergent-divergent nozzles have a converging section and a flared section connected by a nozzle throat.
  • the convergent-divergent nozzle produces on the output side a powder jet in the form of a gas stream with particles therein at high speed, preferably supersonic speed.
  • the cold gas jet layers can be deposited, for example to produce a tube on a cylindrical Rohrmatrize, as in the DE 10 2010 060362 A1 and the WO 2009/109016 A1 described.
  • the tube die can be removed from the interior of the tube after the tube is made.
  • a further object of the invention is therefore to modify a production plant for cold gas spraying in such a way that the method given in the introduction can be carried out with it. This means that by means of the manufacturing plant the production of cup-shaped components should be advantageously feasible cost-effective even for small batches.
  • the first object is achieved by the method specified above according to the invention by the following measures.
  • the component is manufactured by cold gas spraying.
  • a support body is provided with a curved surface made of a material on which the particles of the cold gas jet do not adhere.
  • a starting structure on the surface can be temporarily fixed. This fixation must not be followed by an intimate, for example cohesive, bonding of the starting structure to the supporting body. But a better possibility is to hold the starting structure by means of a holding device and bring in this way with the support body in contact.
  • the particles of the cold gas jet do not adhere to the material of the support body, this essentially depends on the choice of the spray angle. If the spray angle is 0 °, layers can be deposited on most materials, whereas this is not possible if the spray angle is outside the cold spray cone. In other words, a support body, on which the particles of the cold gas jet remain as little as possible, can advantageously be selected such that the particles to be deposited can only be deposited on the material of the support body in a comparatively sharp cold spray cone or not at all.
  • the component is produced by a material application from the cold gas jet to the seam of the component being formed, wherein the support body and the cold gas jet are moved synchronously such that the cold gas jet at an angle within the cold spray cone of the seam, but impinges on the seam outside of the cold spray cone of the support body.
  • the seam of the component being manufactured will always be be at an angle to the support body, in which the surface of the support body is oriented so that is based on the support body of the cold gas jet outside of the cold spray cone.
  • the orientation of the surface of the seam relative to the surface of the support body is about 90 ° or at least more than 70 ° to 90 °.
  • the effect according to the invention is achieved that the supporting body supports the component being formed at the point of impact of the cold gas jet. Due to the fact that production of the component by cold gas spraying always requires support of the component only in the impact area of the cold gas jet, the volume of the support body can advantageously be much smaller than the internal volume of the depression of the shell-shaped component. It is only necessary that with a convex surface of the support body, the radius of curvature at the point of impact of the cold gas jet is just lower than the local radius of curvature of the shell-shaped component on the inside. If a concave support structure is used, the radius of curvature of the component must be smaller on the outside than the radius of curvature of the support structure. Only in this way can it be achieved that the support structure can in each case preferably tangentially cling to the part of the shell-shaped component which is being formed and thereby supports it.
  • the component may be bowl-shaped.
  • the cup-shaped component is rotationally symmetrical and the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the plane containing the opening.
  • the component can be produced as an electrode shell of a particle accelerator.
  • the support body consists of a hard metal.
  • This material has the advantage that particles can be relatively poorly deposited by means of cold gas spraying on this material and therefore the support effect of a supporting body produced in this way can be well used. Besides that is Such a support body exposed only a small amount of wear, so that it rarely needs to be replaced.
  • the support body has a surface which has the shape of a ball or a spherical section.
  • These shapes of the support bodies belong to the group of support bodies with a convex surface.
  • Spherical support bodies can be advantageously handled easily, since regardless of the positioning of the ball relative to the wall in the development of the component always the same radius of curvature is available for support.
  • the support body is formed with a concave surface, wherein this concave surface can advantageously form that of a spherical segment.
  • a plurality of support bodies are provided with different radii of curvature of its curved surface. These can then be exchanged in the process, whereby shell-shaped components can advantageously also be produced in this way, in which the radii of curvature of the shell are locally different (that is to say shapes other than spherical shells). It must be taken into account here that the radius of curvature of the support body must not deviate too much from the radius of curvature of the wall which is just to be produced, since otherwise the support effect will be too low.
  • the cold spray nozzle and / or the support body are each guided by a robot arm.
  • the cold spray nozzle and the support body can advantageously optimally be aligned with each other, which increases the variety of manufacturable shapes of bowl-shaped components.
  • the robot arm can advantageously each have at least three axes. Of course, more degrees of freedom increase the geometric flexibility of the entire system.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is obtained when the starting structure used is an annularly closed structure which defines the edge of the opening of the cup-shaped component, the wall of the component being constructed starting from the starting structure.
  • the structure must be ring-shaped so that it forms a border of the opening of the cup-shaped component. However, this does not mean that this opening must be circular.
  • ring-shaped closure is merely to be understood as meaning that the starting structure is elongate and has no beginning and no end.
  • the starting structure can also be produced as an annularly closed structure on a base by cold gas spraying. This then forms the edge of the opening of the cup-shaped component and the wall is constructed starting from the starting structure by cold gas spraying.
  • the object directed to the production plant specified at the outset is achieved according to the invention in that the production system has a support body which has a convexly or concavely curved surface and is movable relative to the receptacle.
  • the advantages associated with the use of such a support body are associated with already mentioned above.
  • the free mobility of the support body and the cold spray nozzle ensure that the movement of these two elements can be synchronized to locally support the deposition of particles on the seam of the component being manufactured.
  • the relative mobility between the holding device for the component to be manufactured, the cold spray nozzle and the support body can not necessarily be accomplished by a movement of cold spray nozzle and support body alone, but also by a movement of the component in the holding device ,
  • the cold spray nozzle and the support body have to perform only pivotal movements in a plane.
  • this simplification is paid for by a lower geometric flexibility of the manufacturing plant.
  • a technical compromise must be found.
  • the support body can be attached to a robot arm.
  • the cold spray nozzle can be attached to a robot arm.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen how the method according to the invention is started.
  • a start-up structure 11a is provided, which is of annular design and forms the edge of an opening 12 to be produced of a shell-shaped component which is not yet recognizable.
  • the starting structure 11a is fixed with a holding device 13.
  • a cold spray nozzle 14 attached to a robot arm 15 is directed to the edge of the starting structure 11a.
  • a spherical support body 16 is brought from the other side with another robot arm 15b to the edge of the starting structure 11a.
  • FIG. 2 can be seen in sections, as a wall 18 of the manufactured component 19 is formed. It can be seen that the support body 16 is tracked so that it is always located at the point of impact of the cold gas jet 17. This is directed to the seam 20 of the wall 18 being produced and meets in the in FIG. 2 shown variant exactly at an angle of 90 ° to the seam 20.
  • the spray angle ⁇ is so far at 0 °. However, this can, as indicated by the cold spray cone 21, also deviate from the illustrated 0 °, as long as it is within the cold spray cone 21.
  • the support body 16 conforms to the concave inner side of the wall 18 in such a way that in the region of the seam 20 a tangential contact of the wall 18 with the surface of the support body 16 takes place.
  • the orientation of the seam is inclined with respect to a standing on the surface of the support body 16 normal 22 by the angle ⁇ , wherein the angle ⁇ is chosen low enough so that an alignment of the cold jet 17 outside the (not shown) spray cone on the surface of the support body is ( ⁇ can also be zero). This avoids that particles are deposited on the surface of the support body.
  • FIG. 3 It can be seen how a starting structure 11b is produced on a base 24 in the form of a flat table.
  • the cold gas jet 17 is directed to this substrate 24 and so produced the annular starting structure.
  • This advantageously consists preferably of the same material as the wall to be produced.
  • a hole 25 is provided, through which the support structure 16 (see. FIG. 5 ) can be introduced into the recess 26 of the cup-shaped member 19.
  • the support structure 16 used there has the shape of a hemisphere, so that it can be brought to the seam 20, without the pad 24 disturbs. Otherwise, the wall is made according to FIG. 4 in the too FIG. 2 already described.
  • FIG. 5 It can be seen how the component 19 is produced shortly before its final completion.
  • the wall 18 is already almost closed, wherein the support body 16 is introduced with the robot arm 15b through the hole 25 to the last open position of the wall.
  • the support structure 16 is able to completely close the remaining open area of the wall, so that this hole can be closed by means of the cold gas jet 17. Subsequently, the component 19 can be separated from the base 24 in a manner not shown, for example by wire erosion.
  • a concave support body 16 is shown, which is brought from the outside to the wall 18 of the non-illustrated component to be produced. It can be seen that the radius of curvature of the concave support body 16 can only be so great that the cold gas jet 17 can still be brought to the seam 20 of the component. Therefore, a concave support body is preferably suitable for the production of large radii, which would be made difficult by an approach of the support body from the inside.
  • FIG. 7 can recognize the embodiment of the manufacturing plant according to the invention.
  • the manufacturing plant has a housing 27 so that it can be filled with a protective gas.
  • two robots 28a, 28b are arranged, which have the robot arms 15a, 15b.
  • Attached to the robot arm 15a is the cold spray nozzle 14, which is connected to a cold spray system 30 via a flexible conduit 29.
  • the holding device 13 allows the inclusion of a starting structure (not shown). This can be supported in a production of the wall according to the methods already described on the support structure 16, which is tracked by means of the robot 28b in a suitable manner. If the component to be manufactured ranges differently Have diameter, so more support body 16 are provided in a magazine 31. This magazine 31 can be approached by the robot arm 15b, so that the support body 16 can be replaced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de production d'une pièce (19) en forme de coupelle, ayant une paroi (18) et une cavité ouverte vers une ouverture (12),
    dans lequel
    on produit cette pièce (19) par projection de gaz froid, dans lequel
    - on se procure un corps (16) d'appui, ayant une surface incurvée de manière convexe ou concave, en un matériau sur lequel les particules du jet (17) de gaz froid ne restent pas en adhérence,
    - on maintient une structure (11a) de départ par un dispositif (13) de maintien et on la met en contact avec la surface du corps (16) d'appui,
    - on produit la pièce par un dépôt de matière à partir du jet (17) de gaz froid, respectivement à la lisière de la pièce (19) se trouvant en création, le corps (16) d'appui et le jet (21) de gaz froid étant déplacés en synchronisme, de manière à ce que le jet (17) de gaz froid arrive sur la lisière (20) suivant un angle à l'intérieur du cône (10, 21) d'injection à froid, et de manière à ce que le corps (16) d'appui appuie, au point d'incidence du jet (17) de gaz froid, la pièce (19) se trouvant en création, pendant que l'orientation du jet (21) de gaz froid se trouve à l'extérieur du cône d'injection sur la surface du corps (16) d'appui.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on produit une pièce (19) en forme de cuve.
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on produit, comme pièce (19), une coupelle d'électrode d'un accélérateur de particules.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le corps (16) d'appui est en un métal (12).
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le corps (16) d'appui a une surface, qui a la forme d'une sphère ou d'un segment de sphère.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le corps (16) d'appui est concave.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on traite, comme matériau, du titane ou du tantale.
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on se procure plusieurs corps (16) d'appui, ayant des rayons de courbure différents de la surface incurvée.
  9. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on guide la buse (14) d'injection à froid et/ou le corps (16) d'appui, chacune par un bras (15a, 15b ) de robot.
  10. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on utilise, comme structure (11a, 11b) de départ, une structure fermée annulairement, qui définit le bord de l'ouverture (12) de la pièce (19) en forme de coupelle et en ce que l'on forme la paroi (18) de la pièce (19) à partir de la structure (11a, 11b) de départ.
  11. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on produit la structure (11b) de départ par projection de gaz froid, sous la forme d'une structure fermée annulairement sur un support (24) et on définit le bord de l'ouverture (12) de la pièce (19) en forme de coupelle et en ce que l'on forme la paroi (18) de la pièce (19) à partir de la structure (11a, 11b) de départ.
  12. Installation de production d'une pièce en forme de coupelle, comportant une buse (14) de projection à froid et un dispositif (13) de maintien, ayant un logement pour la pièce, le dispositif de projection à froid et le logement étant mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre,
    caractérisée
    en ce que l'installation de production a, en outre, un corps d'appui, qui a une surface incurvée de manière convexe ou concave, et est mobile par rapport au logement.
  13. Installation de production suivant la revendication 12,
    caractérisée
    en ce que le corps (16) d'appui est fixé à un bras (15a, 15b) de robot.
  14. Installation de production suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 13,
    caractérisée
    en ce que la buse (14) de projection à froid est fixée à un bras (15a, 15b) de robot.
EP14728101.8A 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Active EP2981381B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013209477 2013-05-22
DE102013216439.4A DE102013216439A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2013-08-20 Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines schalenförmigen Bauteils sowie zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Herstellungsanlage
PCT/EP2014/059612 WO2014187688A1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2981381A1 EP2981381A1 (fr) 2016-02-10
EP2981381B1 true EP2981381B1 (fr) 2019-03-13

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EP14728101.8A Active EP2981381B1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-05-12 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural concave ainsi qu'équipement de production pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10099288B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2981381B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2913073C (fr)
DE (1) DE102013216439A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014187688A1 (fr)

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DE102013216439A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines schalenförmigen Bauteils sowie zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Herstellungsanlage
EP3310943A4 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2018-08-22 Effusiontech Pty Ltd Appareil et procédé permettant de former des objets en 3d
US11344951B2 (en) * 2016-06-06 2022-05-31 Effusiontech Pty Ltd Apparatus for forming 3D objects
US20190316262A1 (en) * 2016-10-11 2019-10-17 Effusiontech Pty Ltd A method of forming 3d objects
WO2020038929A1 (fr) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Sascha Larch Procédé pour produire un corps à enveloppe tubulaire légère et corps à enveloppe tubulaire légère

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Publication number Publication date
EP2981381A1 (fr) 2016-02-10
CA2913073A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
WO2014187688A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
US20160107231A1 (en) 2016-04-21
DE102013216439A1 (de) 2014-11-27
CA2913073C (fr) 2018-06-26
US10099288B2 (en) 2018-10-16

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