EP2981371A2 - Method for manufacturing a tubular metal part - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a tubular metal part

Info

Publication number
EP2981371A2
EP2981371A2 EP10793004.2A EP10793004A EP2981371A2 EP 2981371 A2 EP2981371 A2 EP 2981371A2 EP 10793004 A EP10793004 A EP 10793004A EP 2981371 A2 EP2981371 A2 EP 2981371A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ingot
manufacturing
intermediate preform
blank
metal part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10793004.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2981371B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Bonaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Group GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Meer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Meer GmbH filed Critical SMS Meer GmbH
Publication of EP2981371A2 publication Critical patent/EP2981371A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2981371B1 publication Critical patent/EP2981371B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/10—Making other particular articles parts of bearings; sleeves; valve seats or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
    • B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
    • B21K1/761—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing, from a hollow ingot, a metal piece of generally tubular shape and large dimensions.
  • such a tubular piece has an outer diameter of about 3 to 5 meters, a thickness of about 100 to 300 millimeters, and a length of about 3 to 5 meters .
  • the hollow ingot is mounted in a forging press to undergo forging steps, in particular axial drawing, and working of the ingot thus stretched.
  • the work of the drawn ingot usually comprises between three and six coronation stages, making it possible to obtain a thick blank whose dimensions are substantially similar to those of the finished metal part. This blank is then machined to obtain the finished metal part.
  • the hollow ingot being mounted in the press during the entire manufacture of the blank, it is only after completion of the blank that the press can accommodate a new hollow ingot.
  • the production yield of the blanks is not optimal.
  • the invention aims in particular to overcome these disadvantages by providing a method of manufacturing a metal part whose dimensions are not limited by those of a forging press.
  • the subject of the invention is a manufacturing method of the aforementioned type, in which the work of the stretched ingot comprises the following steps:
  • the dimensioning of the blank is made by rolling on a circular rolling mill rather than in successive stages of coronation.
  • Such a circular rolling mill involves few dimensional constraints, which makes it possible to manufacture large metal parts, regardless of the dimensions of the forging press.
  • a rolling step is relatively quick to implement, such a step generally lasting ten minutes.
  • a rolling step is therefore faster to implement than several successive stages of coronation. This increases the production yield of metal parts, especially as a new hollow ingot can be mounted in the forging press while the previous ingot undergoes the rolling step.
  • a manufacturing method according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
  • the metal part is a shell of height between 2 and 6 meters, average diameter of at least 3 meters, and whose mass is less than or equal to 350 tons.
  • a known method of the prior art does not make it easy to make pieces of such dimensions.
  • the hollow ingot is supported in the forging press by a support mandrel inserted into the hollow ingot.
  • the method comprises a single step of boring the stretched ingot, this boring step being intended to increase by stretching the inner diameter of the intermediate preform sufficiently to allow the release of this intermediate preform of the mandrel.
  • This coronation stage is relatively fast, since it is only intended to allow the release of the intermediate preform.
  • the rolling step is carried out using a circular rolling mill, comprising at least one radial rolling mill comprising a driving cylinder, intended to cooperate with an outer surface of the intermediate preform, and a rotating mandrel, radially movable with respect to the intermediate preform intended to cooperate with an inner surface of the intermediate preform.
  • the rolling step is carried out using a circular rolling mill, comprising at least one axial mill comprising at least two motorized conical rollers, intended to cooperate respectively with the ends of the intermediate preform, at least one of the rollers. being axially movable.
  • the hollow ingot is made of a material selected from carbon steel, structural steel, stainless steel, and iron-nickel alloy.
  • the manufacturing process comprises, prior to the thirdornornage, a cutting step of the ends of the drawn ingot, and a step of cleaning the surfaces of this stretched ingot.
  • the manufacturing process comprises at least one step of heat treatment of the metal part, for example a quenching step, tempering and / or annealing of the metal part.
  • the metal part 10 is a shell of height between 2 and 6 meters, average diameter of at least 3 meters, and whose mass can reach up to 350 tons.
  • This example of course has no limiting character.
  • This ferrule 10 is made from a hollow metal ingot 10A of generally tubular shape extending longitudinally along an axis.
  • the hollow ingot 10A is for example made of carbon steel, structural steel or stainless steel.
  • the hollow ingot is made of carbon steel comprising up to 0.35% of carbon, of structural steel having less than 0.35% of carbon, up to 2.5% of an alloying element such as manganese, and up 12% of a sum of alloying elements such as nickel, chromium and molybdenum, in austenitic or ferritic stainless steel, or in an iron / nickel alloy comprising more than 40% nickel.
  • the hollow ingot 10A is mounted in a forging press 12, in which it is supported by a support mandrel 14 inserted into this hollow ingot 10A.
  • the hollow ingot 10A is subjected to a first step 100 of axial drawing by forging, to increase its length in the axial direction.
  • a stretched ingot 10B is obtained, which is then preferably subjected to a step 1 10 of cutting the ends of this stretched ingot 10B and cleaning its surfaces.
  • the drawn ingot 10B thus obtained is then subjected to a metal work intended to produce a blank 10D of generally tubular shape, having a shape and dimensions, in particular an inside diameter, a outside diameter, a thickness and a height, predetermined.
  • This work of the stretched ingot 10B comprises a step 1 of twinning of this stretched ingot 10B, made on the forging press 12, so as to form an intermediate preform 10C, generally tubular in shape, whose inner diameter is substantially smaller than the diameter predetermined interior of the blank 10D. It is the mandrel 14 itself which ensures the thirdornornage, since this operation takes place on the press forging 12.
  • a coronation stage is a forging step for increasing the diameters of a tubular piece by reducing its thickness.
  • This coronation step 120 is preferably unique and of short duration. Indeed, this coronation stage 120 is only intended to increase by stretching the inside diameter of the intermediate preform 10C, sufficiently to allow its clearance from the mandrel 14.
  • the intermediate preform 10C is then removed from the press 12, which can thus accommodate a new hollow ingot.
  • the manufacturing method then comprises a step 130 of rolling the intermediate preform 10C on a circular rolling mill 16, to form the blank 10D.
  • the circular rolling mill 16 comprises at least one radial mill 18 comprising at least one driving cylinder 20 intended to cooperate with an outer surface of the intermediate preform 10C, and a rotating mandrel 22, radially movable relative to the intermediate preform 10C , intended to cooperate with an inner surface of the intermediate preform.
  • the intermediate preform is laminated between the motor cylinder 20 and the rotary mandrel 22, which makes it possible to increase its diameter and to reduce its thickness until the inside diameter, the outside diameter and the predetermined thickness are obtained.
  • the circular rolling mill also comprises at least one axial rolling mill 24 comprising at least two motorized conical rollers 26, each designed to cooperate with one end of the intermediate preform 10C, in order to reduce the height of this intermediate preform to the predetermined height.
  • at least one of the rollers 26 is axially movable relative to the intermediate preform.
  • the tapered rollers are preferably movable radially relative to the intermediate preform, in order to follow the increase in its diameter.
  • the rolling mill 16 preferably comprises two lateral centering rollers 28 intended to ensure the proper positioning of the intermediate preform 10C during its rolling.
  • the method may comprise at least one final step of heat treatment of the metal part 10, for example a quenching, tempering and / or annealing step of this metal part 10.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain metal parts 10 whose dimensions are not limited by those of the press 12.
  • a 25 to 45% increase in diameter can be observed between the forged intermediate preform 10C. and the rolled 10D blank.
  • the rolling step 130 makes it possible to obtain dimensions of the blank 10D, in particular a thickness, very close to the dimensions of the finished part 10, limiting the extent of the machining step 140.
  • the invention gives excellent results in terms of setting to the thousand (ratio between the mass of material necessary for the manufacture of the product and the mass of the product. final). Indeed, the invention allows a setting much lower than 3, or even less than 2.5.
  • the mass of material required to produce the part according to the invention is substantially equal to 86% of the mass of material required to produce the piece according to the conventional method, a reduction of 14% of material.
  • a hollow ingot conventionally used having a mass substantially equal to 200 tons the invention allows a reduction of 28 tons of the mass used.
  • the method according to the invention therefore allows a significant gain on the amount of material used.
  • the coronation step of the process of the invention is shorter than that of a conventional method. Indeed, in a conventional method, it is sought to obtain a wrought (that is to say a ratio between the starting section of the ingot to the section of the blank obtained) of 3, while in the process of l the invention seeks only to obtain an inner diameter of the blank which is slightly greater than the diameter of the rolling mandrel.
  • the conventional method generally requires several coronation stages, so that these stages last on average between 3 and 4 hours.
  • the rolling step 130 is carried out whose duration is less than one hour.
  • This duration of less than one hour is considered for an intermediate preform 10C with an initial inside diameter of 1800 mm, an initial outside diameter of 2172 mm, and for a rotation speed of the driving cylinder of 950 mm. mm / s, a diameter increase rate of 3mm / s, and a maximum rolling effort of 3300 tonnes.
  • the method of the invention allows improved productivity, the long press forging operations being reduced by the choice of the hollow ingot and the process steps which are optimized with the use of the rolling mill 16. therefore the production time of a piece.
  • use of the press is allowed to develop a new ingot while the previous ingot is rolled.

Abstract

The method for manufacturing the metal part (10) from a hollow ingot (10A) includes: axially stretching (100) the hollow ingot (10A) by means of forging; horning (120) the stretched ingot (10B) on the forging press (12) in order to form a generally tubular intermediate preform (10C); rolling (130) the intermediate preform (10C) on a circular rolling mill (16), thus enabling formation of a blank (10D); and machining (140) the blank (10D) so as to provide it with the size and shape of the finished metal part (10).

Description

Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce métallique tubulaire  Method of manufacturing a tubular metal part
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication, à partir d'un lingot creux, d'une pièce métallique de forme générale tubulaire et de grandes dimensions.  The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing, from a hollow ingot, a metal piece of generally tubular shape and large dimensions.
On connaît déjà dans l'état de la technique un procédé de fabrication, à partir d'un lingot creux, d'une pièce métallique de forme générale tubulaire et généralement de grandes dimensions, du type comprenant les étapes suivantes :  Already known in the state of the art a manufacturing method, from a hollow ingot, a metal part of generally tubular and generally large, of the type comprising the following steps:
- étirage axial du lingot creux par forgeage sur une presse à forger,  axial drawing of the hollow ingot by forging on a forging press,
- travail du lingot étiré de façon à réaliser une ébauche de forme générale tubulaire, ayant une forme et des dimensions, en particulier un diamètre intérieur, prédéterminées, et  - Work ingot stretched so as to produce a generally tubular blank having a shape and dimensions, in particular a predetermined internal diameter, and
- usinage de l'ébauche, de façon à lui donner les dimensions et la forme de la pièce métallique finie.  machining the blank, so as to give it the dimensions and the shape of the finished metal part.
Habituellement, une telle pièce tubulaire, dite de grandes dimensions, présente un diamètre extérieur de l'ordre de 3 à 5 mètres, une épaisseur de l'ordre de 100 à 300 millimètres, et une longueur de l'ordre de 3 à 5 mètres.  Usually, such a tubular piece, called large, has an outer diameter of about 3 to 5 meters, a thickness of about 100 to 300 millimeters, and a length of about 3 to 5 meters .
Conformément à ce procédé, le lingot creux est monté dans une presse à forger pour subir des étapes de forgeage, en particulier d'étirage axial, et de travail du lingot ainsi étiré.  According to this method, the hollow ingot is mounted in a forging press to undergo forging steps, in particular axial drawing, and working of the ingot thus stretched.
Le travail du lingot étiré comprend habituellement entre trois et six étapes de bigornage, permettant d'obtenir une ébauche épaisse dont les dimensions sont sensiblement similaires à celles de la pièce métallique finie. Cette ébauche est ensuite usinée en vue d'obtenir la pièce métallique finie.  The work of the drawn ingot usually comprises between three and six coronation stages, making it possible to obtain a thick blank whose dimensions are substantially similar to those of the finished metal part. This blank is then machined to obtain the finished metal part.
Les étapes de bigornage, destinées à obtenir l'ébauche, étant réalisées dans la presse à forger, il apparaît que les dimensions de cette presse limitent les dimensions de l'ébauche obtenue.  Since the coring steps, intended to obtain the roughing, are carried out in the forging press, it appears that the dimensions of this press limit the dimensions of the blank obtained.
En outre, le lingot creux étant monté dans la presse durant toute la fabrication de l'ébauche, ce n'est qu'une fois l'ébauche terminée que la presse peut accueillir un nouveau lingot creux. Ainsi, le rendement de fabrication des ébauches n'est pas optimal.  In addition, the hollow ingot being mounted in the press during the entire manufacture of the blank, it is only after completion of the blank that the press can accommodate a new hollow ingot. Thus, the production yield of the blanks is not optimal.
L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en fournissant un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce métallique dont les dimensions ne sont pas limitées par celles d'une presse de forgeage. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication du type précité, dans lequel le travail du lingot étiré comprend les étapes suivantes : The invention aims in particular to overcome these disadvantages by providing a method of manufacturing a metal part whose dimensions are not limited by those of a forging press. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a manufacturing method of the aforementioned type, in which the work of the stretched ingot comprises the following steps:
- bigornage du lingot étiré sur la presse à forger, de façon à former une préforme intermédiaire, de forme générale tubulaire, ayant un diamètre intérieur sensiblement inférieur au diamètre intérieur prédéterminé de l'ébauche, et  - Boring the drawn ingot on the forging press, so as to form an intermediate preform, generally tubular in shape, having an inside diameter substantially smaller than the predetermined inner diameter of the blank, and
- laminage de la préforme intermédiaire sur un laminoir circulaire, permettant de former l'ébauche.  rolling of the intermediate preform on a circular rolling mill, making it possible to form the blank.
Ainsi, le dimensionnement de l'ébauche, de façon à lui donner les dimensions prédéterminées de la pièce métallique finie, est réalisé par laminage sur un laminoir circulaire plutôt que par étapes successives de bigornage.  Thus, the dimensioning of the blank, so as to give it the predetermined dimensions of the finished metal part, is made by rolling on a circular rolling mill rather than in successive stages of coronation.
Un tel laminoir circulaire implique peu de contraintes dimensionnelles, ce qui permet de fabriquer des pièces métalliques de grandes dimensions, indépendamment des dimensions de la presse à forger.  Such a circular rolling mill involves few dimensional constraints, which makes it possible to manufacture large metal parts, regardless of the dimensions of the forging press.
Par ailleurs, on notera qu'une étape de laminage est relativement rapide à mettre en œuvre, une telle étape durant généralement dix minutes. Une étape de laminage est donc plus rapide à mettre en œuvre que plusieurs étapes successives de bigornage. Ceci permet d'augmenter le rendement de fabrication de pièces métalliques, d'autant plus qu'un nouveau lingot creux peut être monté dans la presse à forger pendant que le lingot précédent subit l'étape de laminage.  Moreover, it will be noted that a rolling step is relatively quick to implement, such a step generally lasting ten minutes. A rolling step is therefore faster to implement than several successive stages of coronation. This increases the production yield of metal parts, especially as a new hollow ingot can be mounted in the forging press while the previous ingot undergoes the rolling step.
Un procédé de fabrication selon l'invention peut comporter en outre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison.  A manufacturing method according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
La pièce métallique est une virole de hauteur comprise entre 2 et 6 mètres, de diamètre moyen d'au moins 3 mètres, et dont la masse est inférieure ou égale à 350 tonnes. Un procédé de l'état de la technique connu ne permet pas de réaliser facilement des pièces de telles dimensions.  The metal part is a shell of height between 2 and 6 meters, average diameter of at least 3 meters, and whose mass is less than or equal to 350 tons. A known method of the prior art does not make it easy to make pieces of such dimensions.
Au cours de l'étape d'étirage axial, le lingot creux est supporté dans la presse à forger par un mandrin de support inséré dans ce lingot creux.  During the axial drawing step, the hollow ingot is supported in the forging press by a support mandrel inserted into the hollow ingot.
Le procédé comporte une unique étape de bigornage du lingot étiré, cette étape de bigornage étant destinée à augmenter par étirage le diamètre intérieur de la préforme intermédiaire de manière suffisante pour permettre le dégagement de cette préforme intermédiaire du mandrin. Cette étape de bigornage est relativement rapide, puisqu'elle est uniquement destinée à permettre le dégagement de la préforme intermédiaire. L'étape de laminage est réalisée à l'aide d'un laminoir circulaire, comportant au moins un laminoir radial comprenant un cylindre moteur, destiné à coopérer avec une surface extérieure de la préforme intermédiaire, et un mandrin rotatif, mobile radialement par rapport à la préforme intermédiaire, destiné à coopérer avec une surface intérieure de la préforme intermédiaire. The method comprises a single step of boring the stretched ingot, this boring step being intended to increase by stretching the inner diameter of the intermediate preform sufficiently to allow the release of this intermediate preform of the mandrel. This coronation stage is relatively fast, since it is only intended to allow the release of the intermediate preform. The rolling step is carried out using a circular rolling mill, comprising at least one radial rolling mill comprising a driving cylinder, intended to cooperate with an outer surface of the intermediate preform, and a rotating mandrel, radially movable with respect to the intermediate preform intended to cooperate with an inner surface of the intermediate preform.
L'étape de laminage est réalisée à l'aide d'un laminoir circulaire, comportant au moins un laminoir axial comprenant au moins deux rouleaux coniques motorisés, destinés à coopérer respectivement avec les extrémités de la préforme intermédiaire, l'un au moins des rouleaux étant mobile axialement.  The rolling step is carried out using a circular rolling mill, comprising at least one axial mill comprising at least two motorized conical rollers, intended to cooperate respectively with the ends of the intermediate preform, at least one of the rollers. being axially movable.
Le lingot creux est réalisé en un matériau choisi parmi un acier au carbone, un acier de construction, un acier inoxydable et un alliage Fer-Nickel.  The hollow ingot is made of a material selected from carbon steel, structural steel, stainless steel, and iron-nickel alloy.
Le procédé de fabrication comporte, préalablement au bigornage, une étape de coupe des extrémités du lingot étiré, et une étape de nettoyage des surfaces de ce lingot étiré.  The manufacturing process comprises, prior to the thirdornornage, a cutting step of the ends of the drawn ingot, and a step of cleaning the surfaces of this stretched ingot.
Le procédé de fabrication comporte au moins une étape de traitement thermique de la pièce métallique, par exemple une étape de trempe, de revenu et/ou de recuit de la pièce métallique.  The manufacturing process comprises at least one step of heat treatment of the metal part, for example a quenching step, tempering and / or annealing of the metal part.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant à la figure unique annexée représentant schématiquement les étapes du procédé de fabrication selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention.  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the single appended figure schematically showing the steps of the manufacturing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 'invention.
On a représenté sur la figure unique un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce métallique 10 de forme générale tubulaire et de grandes dimensions. Par exemple, la pièce métallique 10 est une virole de hauteur comprise entre 2 et 6 mètres, de diamètre moyen d'au moins 3 mètres, et dont la masse peut atteindre jusqu'à 350 tonnes. Cet exemple n'a bien entendu aucun caractère limitatif.  There is shown in the single figure a method of manufacturing a metal part 10 of generally tubular and large size. For example, the metal part 10 is a shell of height between 2 and 6 meters, average diameter of at least 3 meters, and whose mass can reach up to 350 tons. This example of course has no limiting character.
Cette virole 10 est fabriquée à partir d'un lingot creux 10A métallique de forme générale tubulaire s'étendant longitudinalement le long d'un axe. Le lingot creux 10A est par exemple réalisé en acier au carbone, en acier de construction ou en acier inoxydable.  This ferrule 10 is made from a hollow metal ingot 10A of generally tubular shape extending longitudinally along an axis. The hollow ingot 10A is for example made of carbon steel, structural steel or stainless steel.
Par exemple, le lingot creux est réalisé en acier au carbone comprenant jusqu'à 0.35% de carbone, en acier de construction comportant moins de 0.35% de carbone, jusqu'à 2.5% d'un élément d'alliage tel que le manganèse, et jusqu'à 12% d'une somme d'éléments d'alliage tels que le Nickel, le Chrome et le Molybdène, en acier inoxydable austénitique ou ferritique, ou en un alliage Fer/Nickel comprenant plus de 40% de Nickel. For example, the hollow ingot is made of carbon steel comprising up to 0.35% of carbon, of structural steel having less than 0.35% of carbon, up to 2.5% of an alloying element such as manganese, and up 12% of a sum of alloying elements such as nickel, chromium and molybdenum, in austenitic or ferritic stainless steel, or in an iron / nickel alloy comprising more than 40% nickel.
Le lingot creux 10A est monté dans une presse à forger 12, dans laquelle il est supporté par un mandrin de support 14 inséré dans ce lingot creux 10A.  The hollow ingot 10A is mounted in a forging press 12, in which it is supported by a support mandrel 14 inserted into this hollow ingot 10A.
Dans cette presse à forger 12, le lingot creux 10A est soumis à une première étape 100 d'étirage axial par forgeage, permettant d'augmenter sa longueur dans la direction axiale. Au terme de cette étape de tirage 100, on obtient un lingot étiré 10B qui est alors de préférence soumis à une étape 1 10 de coupe des extrémités de ce lingot étiré 10B et de nettoyage de ses surfaces.  In this forging press 12, the hollow ingot 10A is subjected to a first step 100 of axial drawing by forging, to increase its length in the axial direction. At the end of this drawing step 100, a stretched ingot 10B is obtained, which is then preferably subjected to a step 1 10 of cutting the ends of this stretched ingot 10B and cleaning its surfaces.
Le lingot étiré 10B ainsi obtenu est ensuite soumis à un travail du métal destiné à réaliser une ébauche 10D de forme générale tubulaire, ayant une forme et des dimensions, en particulier un diamètre intérieur, un diamètre extérieur, une épaisseur et une hauteur, prédéterminées.  The drawn ingot 10B thus obtained is then subjected to a metal work intended to produce a blank 10D of generally tubular shape, having a shape and dimensions, in particular an inside diameter, a outside diameter, a thickness and a height, predetermined.
Ce travail du lingot étiré 10B comporte une étape 1 20 de bigornage de ce lingot étiré 10B, réalisé sur la presse à forger 12, de façon à former une préforme intermédiaire 10C, de forme générale tubulaire, dont le diamètre intérieur est sensiblement inférieur au diamètre intérieur prédéterminé de l'ébauche 10D. C'est le mandrin 14 lui-même qui assure le bigornage, puisque cette opération a lieu sur la presse à forger 12.  This work of the stretched ingot 10B comprises a step 1 of twinning of this stretched ingot 10B, made on the forging press 12, so as to form an intermediate preform 10C, generally tubular in shape, whose inner diameter is substantially smaller than the diameter predetermined interior of the blank 10D. It is the mandrel 14 itself which ensures the thirdornornage, since this operation takes place on the press forging 12.
On rappelle qu'une étape de bigornage est une étape de forgeage permettant d'augmenter les diamètres d'une pièce tubulaire en réduisant son épaisseur.  It is recalled that a coronation stage is a forging step for increasing the diameters of a tubular piece by reducing its thickness.
Cette étape de bigornage 120 est de préférence unique, et de courte durée. En effet, cette étape de bigornage 120 est uniquement destinée à augmenter par étirage le diamètre intérieur de la préforme intermédiaire 10C, de manière suffisante pour permettre son dégagement du mandrin 14.  This coronation step 120 is preferably unique and of short duration. Indeed, this coronation stage 120 is only intended to increase by stretching the inside diameter of the intermediate preform 10C, sufficiently to allow its clearance from the mandrel 14.
La préforme intermédiaire 10C est alors retirée de la presse 12, qui peut ainsi accueillir un nouveau lingot creux.  The intermediate preform 10C is then removed from the press 12, which can thus accommodate a new hollow ingot.
Le procédé de fabrication comporte ensuite une étape 130 de laminage de la préforme intermédiaire 10C sur un laminoir circulaire 16, permettant de former l'ébauche 10D. A cet effet, le laminoir circulaire 16 comporte au moins un laminoir radial 18 comportant au moins un cylindre moteur 20 destiné à coopérer avec une surface extérieure de la préforme intermédiaire 10C, et un mandrin rotatif 22, mobile radialement par rapport à la préforme intermédiaire 10C, destiné à coopérer avec une surface intérieure de la préforme intermédiaire. Ainsi, la préforme intermédiaire est laminée entre le cylindre moteur 20 et le mandrin rotatif 22, ce qui permet d'augmenter son diamètre et de diminuer son épaisseur jusqu'à obtenir le diamètre intérieur, le diamètre extérieur et l'épaisseur prédéterminés. The manufacturing method then comprises a step 130 of rolling the intermediate preform 10C on a circular rolling mill 16, to form the blank 10D. For this purpose, the circular rolling mill 16 comprises at least one radial mill 18 comprising at least one driving cylinder 20 intended to cooperate with an outer surface of the intermediate preform 10C, and a rotating mandrel 22, radially movable relative to the intermediate preform 10C , intended to cooperate with an inner surface of the intermediate preform. Thus, the intermediate preform is laminated between the motor cylinder 20 and the rotary mandrel 22, which makes it possible to increase its diameter and to reduce its thickness until the inside diameter, the outside diameter and the predetermined thickness are obtained.
Le laminoir circulaire comporte également au moins un laminoir axial 24 comprenant au moins deux rouleaux coniques 26 motorisés, destinés à coopérer chacun avec une extrémité de la préforme intermédiaire 10C, afin de réduire la hauteur de cette préforme intermédiaire jusqu'à la hauteur prédéterminée. A cet effet, au moins l'un des rouleaux 26 est mobile axialement par rapport à la préforme intermédiaire. En outre, les rouleaux coniques sont de préférence déplaçables radialement par rapport à la préforme intermédiaire, afin de pouvoir suivre l'augmentation de son diamètre.  The circular rolling mill also comprises at least one axial rolling mill 24 comprising at least two motorized conical rollers 26, each designed to cooperate with one end of the intermediate preform 10C, in order to reduce the height of this intermediate preform to the predetermined height. For this purpose, at least one of the rollers 26 is axially movable relative to the intermediate preform. In addition, the tapered rollers are preferably movable radially relative to the intermediate preform, in order to follow the increase in its diameter.
Enfin, le laminoir 16 comporte de préférence deux rouleaux centreurs latéraux 28 destinés à assurer le bon positionnement de la préforme intermédiaire 10C au cours de son laminage.  Finally, the rolling mill 16 preferably comprises two lateral centering rollers 28 intended to ensure the proper positioning of the intermediate preform 10C during its rolling.
Au terme de cette étape 130 de laminage, on obtient l'ébauche 10D de dimensions prédéterminées.  At the end of this rolling step 130, the blank 10D of predetermined dimensions is obtained.
On passe ensuite à une étape 140 classique d'usinage de l'ébauche, de façon à lui donner les dimensions et la forme très précises de la pièce métallique finie 10.  We then go to a conventional step 140 machining the blank, so as to give it the very precise size and shape of the finished metal part 10.
De manière optionnelle, le procédé peut comporter au moins une étape finale de traitement thermique de la pièce métallique 10, par exemple une étape de trempe, de revenu et/ou de recuit de cette pièce métallique 10.  Optionally, the method may comprise at least one final step of heat treatment of the metal part 10, for example a quenching, tempering and / or annealing step of this metal part 10.
Il apparaît clairement que l'invention permet d'obtenir des pièces métalliques 10 dont les dimensions ne sont pas limitées par celles de la presse 12. En particulier, on peut observer une augmentation en diamètre de 25 à 45% entre la préforme intermédiaire 10C forgée et l'ébauche 10D laminée.  It is clear that the invention makes it possible to obtain metal parts 10 whose dimensions are not limited by those of the press 12. In particular, a 25 to 45% increase in diameter can be observed between the forged intermediate preform 10C. and the rolled 10D blank.
En outre, on notera que l'invention permet une bonne reproductibilité des pièces métalliques. En particulier, l'étape de laminage 130 permet d'obtenir des dimensions de l'ébauche 10D, notamment une épaisseur, très proches des dimensions de la pièce finie 10, limitant l'ampleur de l'étape d'usinage 140. In addition, it should be noted that the invention allows good reproducibility of metal parts. In particular, the rolling step 130 makes it possible to obtain dimensions of the blank 10D, in particular a thickness, very close to the dimensions of the finished part 10, limiting the extent of the machining step 140.
Enfin, de la même manière que les modes de fabrication connus à partir de lingots creux, l'invention donne d'excellents résultats en termes de mise au mille (rapport entre la masse de matière nécessaire à la fabrication du produit et la masse du produit final). En effet, l'invention permet une mise au mille nettement inférieure à 3, voire inférieure à 2,5.  Finally, in the same way as the known manufacturing methods from hollow ingots, the invention gives excellent results in terms of setting to the thousand (ratio between the mass of material necessary for the manufacture of the product and the mass of the product. final). Indeed, the invention allows a setting much lower than 3, or even less than 2.5.
A titre illustratif non limitatif, on comparera ci-dessous des première et seconde pièces métalliques de diamètre extérieur égal à 3,8 mètres, de diamètre intérieur égal à 3,6 mètres, et de longueur égale à 4 mètres, obtenues respectivement avec le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention et un procédé de forgeage classique comportant entre trois et six étapes de bigornage.  By way of nonlimiting illustration, we compare below first and second metal parts of outer diameter equal to 3.8 meters, inner diameter equal to 3.6 meters, and length equal to 4 meters, respectively obtained with the method manufacturing method according to the invention and a conventional forging process comprising between three and six stages of boring.
Il apparaît que la masse de matière nécessaire pour réaliser la pièce selon l'invention est sensiblement égale à 86% de la masse de matière nécessaire pour réaliser la pièce selon le procédé classique, soit une réduction de 14% de matière. Ainsi, un lingot creux classiquement utilisé ayant une masse sensiblement égale à 200 tonnes, l'invention permet une réduction de 28 tonnes de la masse mise en œuvre.  It appears that the mass of material required to produce the part according to the invention is substantially equal to 86% of the mass of material required to produce the piece according to the conventional method, a reduction of 14% of material. Thus, a hollow ingot conventionally used having a mass substantially equal to 200 tons, the invention allows a reduction of 28 tons of the mass used.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc un gain important sur la quantité de matière mise en œuvre.  The method according to the invention therefore allows a significant gain on the amount of material used.
Par ailleurs, on notera que l'étape de bigornage du procédé de l'invention est plus courte que celle d'un procédé classique. En effet, dans un procédé classique, on cherche à obtenir un corroyage (c'est-à-dire un rapport entre la section de départ du lingot à la section de l'ébauche obtenue) de 3, alors que dans le procédé de l'invention, on cherche uniquement à obtenir un diamètre intérieur de l'ébauche qui soit légèrement supérieur au diamètre du mandrin de laminage.  Furthermore, it will be noted that the coronation step of the process of the invention is shorter than that of a conventional method. Indeed, in a conventional method, it is sought to obtain a wrought (that is to say a ratio between the starting section of the ingot to the section of the blank obtained) of 3, while in the process of l the invention seeks only to obtain an inner diameter of the blank which is slightly greater than the diameter of the rolling mandrel.
Par ailleurs, le procédé classique requiert généralement plusieurs étapes de bigornage, si bien que ces étapes durent en moyenne entre 3 et 4 heures. Dans le cas du procédé de l'invention, on réalise, au lieu de ces étapes de bigornage, l'étape de laminage 130 dont la durée est de moins d'une heure.  On the other hand, the conventional method generally requires several coronation stages, so that these stages last on average between 3 and 4 hours. In the case of the process of the invention, instead of these coronation steps, the rolling step 130 is carried out whose duration is less than one hour.
Cette durée de moins d'une heure est considérée pour une préforme intermédiaire 10C de diamètre initial intérieur de 1800 mm, de diamètre initial extérieur de 2172 mm, et pour une vitesse de rotation du cylindre moteur de 950 mm/s, une vitesse d'accroissement de diamètre de 3mm/s, et un effort maximal de laminage de 3300 tonnes. This duration of less than one hour is considered for an intermediate preform 10C with an initial inside diameter of 1800 mm, an initial outside diameter of 2172 mm, and for a rotation speed of the driving cylinder of 950 mm. mm / s, a diameter increase rate of 3mm / s, and a maximum rolling effort of 3300 tonnes.
Ainsi, le procédé de l'invention permet une productivité améliorée, les opérations longues de forgeage à la presse étant réduites de par le choix du lingot creux et de par les étapes du procédé qui sont optimisées avec l'utilisation du laminoir 16. On réduit donc le temps de production d'une pièce. En outre, on permet une utilisation de la presse pour élaborer un nouveau lingot pendant que le lingot précédent est laminé.  Thus, the method of the invention allows improved productivity, the long press forging operations being reduced by the choice of the hollow ingot and the process steps which are optimized with the use of the rolling mill 16. therefore the production time of a piece. In addition, use of the press is allowed to develop a new ingot while the previous ingot is rolled.
On notera que l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit, et pourrait comporter des variantes sans sortir du cadre des revendications.  Note that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described, and could include variants without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé de fabrication, à partir d'un lingot creux (10A), d'une pièce métallique (10) de forme générale tubulaire, comprenant les étapes suivantes :  1. A method of manufacturing, from a hollow ingot (10A), a metal piece (10) of generally tubular shape, comprising the following steps:
- étirage axial (100) du lingot creux (10A) par forgeage sur une presse à forger (12),  axial drawing (100) of the hollow ingot (10A) by forging on a forging press (12),
- travail du lingot étiré (10B) de façon à réaliser une ébauche (10D) de forme générale tubulaire, ayant une forme et des dimensions, en particulier un diamètre intérieur, prédéterminées, et  - Work of the stretched ingot (10B) so as to produce a blank (10D) of generally tubular shape, having a shape and dimensions, in particular a predetermined internal diameter, and
- usinage (140) de l'ébauche (10D), de façon à lui donner les dimensions et la forme de la pièce métallique finie (10),  machining (140) the blank (10D) so as to give it the dimensions and the shape of the finished metal part (10),
caractérisé en ce que le travail du lingot étiré (1 0B) comprend les étapes suivantes : characterized in that the work of the stretched ingot (10B) comprises the following steps:
- bigornage (120) du lingot étiré (10B) sur la presse à forger (12), de façon à former une préforme intermédiaire (10C), de forme générale tubulaire, ayant un diamètre intérieur sensiblement inférieur au diamètre intérieur prédéterminé de l'ébauche (10D), et  - boring (120) the drawn ingot (10B) on the forging press (12), so as to form an intermediate preform (10C), generally tubular in shape, having an inside diameter substantially smaller than the predetermined inner diameter of the blank (10D), and
- laminage (130) de la préforme intermédiaire (10C) sur un laminoir circulaire (16), permettant de former l'ébauche (10D).  - rolling (130) of the intermediate preform (10C) on a circular mill (16) for forming the blank (10D).
2. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la pièce métallique (10) est une virole de hauteur comprise entre 2 et 6 mètres, de diamètre moyen d'au moins 3 mètres, et dont la masse est inférieure ou égale à 350 tonnes.  2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the metal part (10) is a shell of height between 2 and 6 meters, with an average diameter of at least 3 meters, and whose mass is less than or equal to 350. tons.
3. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, au cours de l'étape d'étirage axial (100), le lingot creux (10A) est supporté dans la presse à forger par un mandrin (14) de support inséré dans ce lingot creux (10A).  The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein during the axial drawing step (100), the hollow ingot (10A) is supported in the forging press by a support mandrel (14). inserted in this hollow ingot (10A).
4. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le procédé comporte une unique étape (120) de bigornage du lingot étiré (10B), cette étape de bigornage (120) étant réalisée à l'aide du mandrin (14) et destinée à augmenter par étirage le diamètre intérieur de la préforme intermédiaire (10C) de manière suffisante pour permettre le dégagement de cette préforme intermédiaire (10C) du mandrin (14).  4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises a single step (120) of coiling the stretched ingot (10B), this super-coiling step (120) being carried out using the mandrel (14) and intended by stretching the inner diameter of the intermediate preform (10C) sufficiently to allow the release of this intermediate preform (10C) from the mandrel (14).
5. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'étape de laminage (130) est réalisée à l'aide d'un laminoir circulaire (16) comportant au moins un laminoir radial (18) comprenant un cylindre moteur (20), destiné à coopérer avec une surface extérieure de la préforme intermédiaire, et un mandrin rotatif (22), mobile radialement par rapport à la préforme intermédiaire, destiné à coopérer avec une surface intérieure de la préforme intermédiaire. The manufacturing method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling step (130) is carried out using a circular rolling mill (16) comprising at least one radial rolling mill (18) comprising a driving cylinder (20) intended to cooperate with an outer surface of the intermediate preform, and a rotating mandrel (22) movable radially with respect to the intermediate preform , intended to cooperate with an inner surface of the intermediate preform.
6. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'étape de laminage (130) est réalisée à l'aide d'un laminoir circulaire (16) comportant au moins un laminoir axial (24) comprenant au moins deux rouleaux coniques motorisés (26), destinés à coopérer respectivement avec les extrémités de la préforme intermédiaire, l'un au moins des rouleaux (26) étant mobile axialement.  6. Manufacturing process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling step (130) is carried out using a circular rolling mill (16) comprising at least one axial mill (24) comprising at least two motorized conical rollers (26) intended to cooperate respectively with the ends of the intermediate preform, at least one of the rollers (26) being axially movable.
7. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le lingot creux (10A) est réalisé en un matériau choisi parmi un acier au carbone, un acier de construction, un acier inoxydable et un alliage Fer-Nickel.  7. The manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hollow ingot (10A) is made of a material selected from a carbon steel, a structural steel, a stainless steel and an iron-nickel alloy.
8. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant, préalablement au bigornage (120), une étape (1 10) de coupe des extrémités du lingot étiré (10B), et une étape (1 10) de nettoyage des surfaces de ce lingot étiré (10B).  8. Manufacturing process according to one of the preceding claims, comprising, prior to troubling (120), a step (1 10) of cutting the ends of the drawn ingot (10B), and a step (1 10) of cleaning the surfaces. of this stretched ingot (10B).
9. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant au moins une étape de traitement thermique de la pièce métallique (10), par exemple une étape de trempe, de revenu et/ou de recuit de la pièce métallique (10).  9. Manufacturing process according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one step of heat treatment of the metal part (10), for example a quenching step, tempering and / or annealing of the metal part (10). .
EP10793004.2A 2009-11-19 2010-11-17 Method for manufacturing a tubular metal part Not-in-force EP2981371B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0958173A FR2952558B1 (en) 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A TUBULAR METAL PIECE
PCT/FR2010/052441 WO2011061444A2 (en) 2009-11-19 2010-11-17 Method for manufacturing a tubular metal part

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EP2981371A2 true EP2981371A2 (en) 2016-02-10
EP2981371B1 EP2981371B1 (en) 2017-03-22

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FR2952558B1 (en) 2011-12-16
EP2981371B1 (en) 2017-03-22
FR2952558A1 (en) 2011-05-20

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