EP2979140B1 - Mobile spindel mit in einer magnetischen umgebung optimierter form - Google Patents

Mobile spindel mit in einer magnetischen umgebung optimierter form Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2979140B1
EP2979140B1 EP14713783.0A EP14713783A EP2979140B1 EP 2979140 B1 EP2979140 B1 EP 2979140B1 EP 14713783 A EP14713783 A EP 14713783A EP 2979140 B1 EP2979140 B1 EP 2979140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arbor
pivot axis
magnetic
field
magnetization
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EP14713783.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2979140A2 (de
Inventor
Alain Zaugg
Davide Sarchi
Nakis Karapatis
Marco Verardo
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Montres Breguet SA
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Montres Breguet SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clockwork mobile shaft intended to pivot about a pivot axis and comprising at least one projecting part whose main projection part defines the largest radius of said shaft about said pivot axis, where at least said protruding main portion is delimited, on either side of said pivot axis, by two surfaces symmetrical with respect to said pivot axis and which define, in projection on a plane perpendicular to said pivot axis, a profile inscribed in a rectangle whose ratio of the length to the width defines a shape ratio which is greater than or equal to 2, the direction of said length defining a main axis.
  • the invention also relates to a watchmaking movement comprising a watchmaking mechanism which comprises a watchmaker arranged to oscillate about a rest position defined by a rest plane passing through a pivot axis, and said cooperating mobile with elastic return means arranged to bias said mobile to a rest position, said mobile having such a shaft for pivoting about said pivot axis and having at least one main projecting portion defining the largest radius of said shaft about said axis of pivoting,
  • the invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement.
  • the invention relates to the field of watch mechanisms, in particular the field of regulating members, in particular for mechanical watches.
  • the regulating organ of a mechanical watch is constituted by a harmonic oscillator, the sprung balance, whose oscillation natural frequency depends mainly on the inertia of the balance and the elastic rigidity of the spiral.
  • the oscillations of the sprung balance, otherwise damped, are maintained by the pulses provided by an escapement generally composed of one or two pivoting mobiles.
  • these pivoting mobiles are the anchor and the escape wheel.
  • the walking of the watch is determined by the frequency of the sprung balance and by the disturbance generated by the impulse of the escapement, which generally slows down the natural oscillation of the sprung balance and therefore causes a delay in running.
  • gait defects related to the residual effect of the field
  • the origin of these defects is the permanent magnetization of the fixed ferromagnetic components of the movement or the cladding and the permanent or transient magnetization of the moving magnetic components forming part of the regulating organ (sprung balance) and / or the exhaust .
  • magnetically or magnetically permeable mobile components (balance, hairspring, exhaust) are subjected to magnetostatic torque and / or magnetostatic forces.
  • these interactions modify the apparent rigidity of the sprung balance, the dynamics of the escape mobiles and the friction. These modifications produce a fault that can range from a few tens to a few hundred seconds a day.
  • the interaction of the watch movement with the external field, during the exhibition, can also lead to the stop of the movement.
  • the arrest in the field and the residual run-out are not correlated, because the arrest in field depends on the transient magnetization, sub-field, of the components (and therefore of the permeability and the saturation field). components), while the residual run fault depends on the residual magnetization (and therefore, mainly, the coercive field of the components) which can be low even in the presence of a significant magnetic permeability.
  • the anchor body and the escape wheel can be made of very weakly paramagnetic materials, without their mechanical performance be affected.
  • the shafts of the mobiles require very good mechanical performances (good tribology, low fatigue) to allow an optimal and constant pivoting in the time, and it is therefore preferable to manufacture them in hardened steel (typically carbon steel type 20AP or the like).
  • hardened steel typically carbon steel type 20AP or the like.
  • such steels are materials sensitive to magnetic fields because they have a high saturation field combined with a high coercive field.
  • the balance, anchor and escape wheel shafts are currently the most critical components in the face of the magnetic disturbances of the watch.
  • the balance shaft is the most sensitive component for chronometry (residual effect), because a disturbing torque of magnetic origin acting on the shaft directly modifies the oscillation frequency of the balance-spring, and this modification is, in principle, unlimited (it depends solely on the intensity of the residual magnetic fields and the rigidity of the hairspring), while a disturbance of the exhaust function gives a defect limited by the delay nominal exhaust (the resulting disturbance can not be much larger than the disturbance already produced by the exhaust under normal conditions).
  • the document FR 2 275 815 A1 NIVAROX describes the manufacture of a balance shaft from a profile with several wings distributed around the pivot axis., And a variant with two curvilinear wings.
  • the document FR 2 090 784 A5 FEINMETALL describes the assembly of a spiral to a balance having a crossbar with two substantially symmetrical wings.
  • the document JP S62 63884 A ZENKOSHA TOKEI describes the machining by cutting a balance with two wings.
  • the document WO 01/77759 A1 DETRA describes an escapement device comprising a gear train for transmitting energy to an oscillator capable of receiving this energy and transmitting an oscillation frequency, and first means capable of producing at least a first portion of the energy transmitted by this gear train and intended to feed the oscillator, where the first means are configured so as to provide a substantially variable mechanical torque as a function of the angular displacement angle of the gear train, this mechanical torque having at least one stable position, and at least one an unstable position, over a period of angular displacement of the gear train.
  • these first means produce a variable magnetic torque as a function of time, by the combination of a magnetized rotor diametrically, with a stator having cells at its bore receiving the rotor.
  • the invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
  • the invention relates to a clockwork mobile shaft according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising a watch mechanism, which comprises a watchmaker, according to claim 7.
  • the invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement.
  • the invention more particularly the field of clocking devices for mechanical watches.
  • the invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
  • the invention thus relates to a mobile shaft with optimized geometry in a magnetic environment.
  • axis refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and “shaft” to a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts.
  • a pair of aligned and connected pivots on both sides of a median part of a mobile, to guide it in pivoting is also called “tree”.
  • the invention can allow watches with spiral, anchor body and nonmagnetic escape wheel to resist, without stopping, magnetic fields of high intensity, of the order of 0.5 Tesla, without the mechanical performances (chronometry and aging of the mobiles) are affected.
  • the implementation of the invention makes it possible to reduce the residual effect of watches with spiral, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel to less than one second per day.
  • axis refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and “shaft” to a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts.
  • a pair of pivots 2A and 2B aligned and reported on either side of a median portion 6 of a mobile 10, to guide it in pivoting is also called “tree”.
  • magnetically permeable materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for balance shafts for example. or around 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10000.
  • Magnetic materials for example in the case of polar masses, will be called materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field of between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the "Neodymium Iron Boron". a magnetic energy density Em close to 512 kJ / m 3 and giving a residual field of 0.5 to 1.3 Tesla. A lower residual field level, towards the lower part of the range can be used when combining, in a magnetization couple, such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable antagonist component of high permeability, closer to 10000, in the range of 100 to 10,000.
  • Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1.0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonist component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass.
  • poorly paramagnetic materials are CoCr20Ni16 Mo7, known especially under the name "Phynox®” or nickel-phosphorus NiP (either with a concentration of 12% phosphorus but hardened, or with a concentration of phosphorus less than 12%).
  • Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 -5 ), such as graphite or graphene.
  • soft magnetic materials not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials with high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the best possible the field, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields.
  • These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
  • Non-magnetic Materials qualified as “non-magnetic”, for their part, have a relative magnetic permeability very slightly greater than 0.9999, and less than 1.0001, as typically aluminum, brass, silicon, diamond, platinum and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA" process.
  • the invention relates to a watchmaking tree 1, for a mobile 10, and optimized for the operation of this mobile 10 in an environment where there is a residual magnetic field in a preferred direction of magnetization DA.
  • this shaft 1 is a pivoting axial element, which serves as a support for other components: plate, flange, collar, balance, but which is not constituted by these other components, which are driven, glued, welded, brazed , or supported on the tree, or maintained by other methods.
  • the characteristics presented below concern this single tree 1.
  • the intrinsic magnetic properties are called the following quantities: permeability, saturation field, coercive field, Curie temperature, dependent hysteresis curve. Magnetization is not one of these intrinsic magnetic properties.
  • the magnetization profile of such a tree after magnetization does not depend solely on the intrinsic magnetic properties, but depends in particular on the magnetic field source that magnetized it and the shape and size of said shaft. For example, the shaft may have non-uniform magnetization even though the intrinsic magnetic properties are uniform.
  • a component can not become, for example, ferromagnetic after being subjected to a magnetic field: a material is either ferromagnetic or paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic or diamagnetic.
  • the temperature can modify this characteristic but it can not be modified by an external field. It is important to differentiate the magnetization from the intrinsic magnetic properties of the material.
  • magnetically permeable materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for balance shafts for example. or around 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10000.
  • Magnetic materials for example in the case of polar masses, will be called materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field of between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the "Neodymium Iron Boron". a magnetic energy density Em close to 512 kJ / m 3 and giving a residual field of 0.5 to 1.3 Tesla.
  • a field level lower remanent, towards the lower part of the fork can be used in case of combination, in a magnetization couple, of such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable counterpart component of high permeability, closer to 10000, in the range of 100 to 10000.
  • Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1.0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonist component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass.
  • Low paramagnetic materials having magnetic permeability of between 1.01 and 2, can be used for the implementation of the invention.
  • Materials such as CoCr20Ni16 Mo7, known especially under the name "Phynox®” or nickel-phosphorus NiP (either with a concentration of 12% phosphorus but hardened, or with a concentration of phosphorus of less than 12%) are weakly paramagnetic, therefore usable for the implementation of the invention.
  • non-magnetic materials are: aluminum, gold, brass or similar.
  • Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 -5 ), such as graphite or graphene.
  • soft magnetic materials not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials with high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the best possible the field, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields.
  • These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
  • Non-magnetic have a relative magnetic permeability very slightly greater than 1, and less than 1.0001, as typically silicon, diamond, palladium and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA” process.
  • a permanent magnet can have a direction of magnetization completely different from the direction of preferential magnetization (both could even be orthogonal, as for axially magnetized permanent magnet discs).
  • a component may not have a preferred direction of magnetization, such as the stator which has an almost symmetrical geometry.
  • this mobile device 10 is a pendulum, forming part of a balance-spring assembly. usual in watchmaking. The person skilled in the art will be able to extrapolate the invention to other watchmobiles for which he wishes to avoid the influence of a residual magnetic field.
  • a standard balance shaft 1 relatively standard in the watch industry, is not optimized to limit its magnetization under an external field.
  • the median part 6 of the shaft 1, having a larger radius RMAX is strongly magnetized by a magnetic field orthogonal or oblique with respect to the direction of the pivot axis D. Because of this magnetization, in presence of an environmental field (external field or created by the magnetized components of the movement or the watch), the shaft 1 is subjected to a large magnetic torque.
  • this shaft is a ferromagnetic component, especially steel, and is in an initial state demagnetized (and can in no case be used as a permanent magnet).
  • the invention participates in the suppression of magnetic disturbances of the watch movement, and the invention makes it possible to reduce or eliminate any accidental magnetization possible at the level of the shaft.
  • the rocker 10 is part of an escapement mechanism 20, in a movement 30 of a watch 40.
  • the invention proposes to modify the geometry of the balance shaft 1, by modifying the aspect ratio of the so-called projecting part 11, which is the part of larger radial size of this balance shaft, by giving it, in projection on a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the shaft 1 of the balance 10, a form ratio very different from 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2.
  • the idea is to reduce one of the two dimensions x or y (in projection in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D), the simplest way is to locally limit the shaft 1 by two surfaces 14, 15, substantially parallel to the axis D, which surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably two planes parallel to the axis D; indeed, if the surfaces, especially the planes, are not parallel, then there remains a larger part which can be magnetized more than the rest.
  • These two surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably very close to each other, to reduce the magnetization in this direction, and to well define a single preferred direction of magnetization in the xy plane.
  • these two surfaces 14 and 15 are symmetrical with respect to the pivot axis D of the shaft 1.
  • the projections are oriented with their main axes parallel to each other.
  • the projection of this projecting portion 11 along a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the balance 10, has a profile 12, which is inscribed in a rectangle R symmetrical with respect to two orthogonal axes, of which a principal axis DP according to which extends the largest dimension of this protruding portion 11.
  • the aspect ratio is the ratio between the two dimensions of the rectangle, length LR and width LA.
  • the balance shaft 1 has no revolution symmetry.
  • this main axis DP in which the largest dimension of this projecting portion 11 extends, is in a position substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement.
  • substantially orthogonal is meant an angle of between 80 ° and 100 °; in a particular way, the angle is 90 °.
  • This preferential direction DA is generally determined by bridges, bars, screws, or the like; it depends directly on the construction and generally it is quite obvious, by the examination of the form factor of the steel components near the axis; in ambiguous situations, it is sufficient to perform a finite element or equivalent load simulation to easily determine it.
  • This so-called “rest” position of the balance corresponds to that it occupies when the hairspring is at rest: this is the position in which the movement is the least often, but, as explained in the rest of the presentation, is the average position and, for very strong external fields, it is the position that defines the resulting magnetization.
  • the balance plate has its largest dimension perpendicular to the exhaust line, which makes it possible to maximize the surface effects in the face of the volume effects, so as to minimize magnetization in the direction of rotation. field and, hence, the "compass" effects that create a disruptive couple.
  • the shaft 1 according to the invention is symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the pivot axis D and parallel to the direction of the main axis DP.
  • the surfaces of revolution 19, including the pivots and the cylindrical body of the balance shaft may be identical to the pivots and the cylindrical body of a traditional balance shaft: the mechanical performance of the component are therefore unaltered compared to the balance shafts existing.
  • the shafts shown in the figures have a preferred direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis DP and chosen so as to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement (when the balance spring is at rest).
  • the remanent field will be oriented preferably like the external field while the remanent field created in the environment of the movement will be oriented according to the orientation of the fixed ferromagnetic components (bars, screws, bridges), according to the direction of preferential magnetization DA.
  • a residual magnetic torque acts on the balance shaft as on a compass needle.
  • the residual effect for a geometrically optimized shaft 1 according to the invention is different from that observed for a traditional tree.
  • the main axis DP of the shaft 1 is substantially orthogonal to the preferential direction of magnetization DA of the environment, for almost all possible orientations of the external field (except the orientation in the preferred direction of magnetization DA of the environment) the resulting residual magnetic torque on the shaft1 is an even function of the oscillation angle, which makes the residual run fault almost null.
  • the shaft is magnetized in the same direction, thus orthogonally to the main axis DP, but in this case its magnetization is weak, less than 0 , 2 T, as shown in figure 4 which illustrates the distribution of the remanent field, after magnetization at 0.2 T in the direction orthogonal to the main axis DP, of an optimized steel pendulum shaft 1 AP.
  • the magnetic torque is, in this case, an odd function of the oscillation angle, but it is between 10 and 100 times (depending on the geometry) lower than the torque acting on a traditional tree, as visible on the figure 5 , which illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic pairs exerted on a traditional balance shaft according to the graph GT shown in broken lines, and on a tree 1 optimized according to the invention according to the graph GO is shown in a line continued.
  • On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm.
  • the residual run error is then reduced by a factor between 3 and 10.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the influence of the value of the angle between the preferential direction of magnetization of the movement and that of the main axis of the balance shaft: it is very clear that for a 90 ° angle, the The difference in walking is very small, of the order of one second a day, whatever the amplitude.
  • the material of the shaft 1 is magnetically homogeneous in the simple embodiment illustrated by the figures. This particular embodiment does not exclude the embodiments where the shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous.
  • the shaft 1 is integral and made in one or more aligned parts.
  • This monoblock tree 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous and has intrinsic magnetic properties, which are the permeability and the saturation field and the coercive field and the Curie temperature and the dependent hysteresis curve, which are non-uniform in its volume. More particularly, this shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous, with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of this one-piece shaft 1, either in the axial direction of the pivot axis D of this one-piece shaft 1, or radially relative to the pivot axis D, both in the axial direction of the pivot axis D of said one-piece shaft 1 and radially with a symmetry of revolution with respect to this pivot axis D.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to modify the geometry of the balance shaft (and not the whole balance), because the shaft is generally the only magnetic component, which is difficult to replace with a non-magnetic material. And it is the influence of the tree itself that must be reduced, this goal is achieved by the invention.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain an oscillator with excellent regularity of operation because it is very insensitive to external magnetic disturbances, unlike attempts of the prior art (such as for example an oscillator constituted by the interaction of a magnetized shaft permanently with a stator, but whose frequency depends strongly on the magnetization of the axis, and therefore strongly feels any external magnetic disturbance, and can not be used for a precise watch movement).
  • a magnetically passive component such as the shaft 1 of the invention, (ferromagnetic, non-magnetized and, in principle, bad permanent magnet)
  • a magnetically active component as a permanent magnet (made with a specific ferromagnetic material, with a Curie point and a coercive field very high, and voluntarily magnetized in a specific direction before being integrated into the construction, using extremely high magnetization fields, of the order of 3 T to 6 T.
  • the skilled person can not not transfer known results for a permanent magnet to non-magnetic ferromagnetic components, whose behavior is completely different and which constitute much more complex systems because their magnetic response strongly depends on their geometry, surface effects and the environment in the movement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Welle (1) für ein Uhrendrehteil (10), die dazu bestimmt ist, sich um eine Drehachse (D) zu drehen, und mindestens einen vorstehenden Teil (11, 11A) umfasst, wovon ein vorstehender Hauptteil (11) den größten Radius (RMAX) der Welle (1) um die Drehachse (D) definiert, wobei zumindest der vorstehende Hauptteil (11) beiderseits der Drehachse (D) durch zwei in Bezug auf die Drehachse (D) symmetrische Oberflächen (14; 15) begrenzt ist, die in der Projektion auf eine Ebene senkrecht zu der Drehachse (D) ein Profil (12) definieren, das in ein Rechteck (R) eingeschrieben ist, dessen Verhältnis der Länge (LR) zur Breite (LA) ein Formverhältnis definiert, das größer oder gleich 2 ist, wobei die Richtung der Länge (LR) eine Hauptachse (DP) definiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein vorstehender Teil (11, 11A) mit rechteckigem Profil, das auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten durch die beiden Oberflächen (14; 15) begrenzt ist, den die Welle (1) aufweist, um bei Abwesenheit eines äußeren Feldes eine partielle Selbstentmagnetisierung einzuführen, mindestens einen auf die Drehachse (D) zentrierten Schlitz (18) aufweist, der sich entlang der Hauptachse (DP) erstreckt und eine Tiefe besitzt, die größer oder gleich der halben Länge des vorstehenden Teils (11; 11A) ist, der den betrachteten Schlitz (8) aufweist, und den mittleren Radius des zylindrischen Teils der Welle (1) übersteigt, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) einteilig ausgebildet ist.
  2. Welle (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) mindestens einen vorstehenden sekundären Teil (11A) umfasst, der in der Projektion auf eine Ebene senkrecht zu der Drehachse (D) ein rechteckiges Profil besitzt, das auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten durch die beiden Oberflächen (14; 15) begrenzt ist.
  3. Welle (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Oberflächen (14; 15) eben und zu der Drehachse (D) parallel sind.
  4. Welle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) aus Stahl hergestellt ist.
  5. Welle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) einteilig ausgebildet ist und aus einem oder mehreren aufeinander ausgerichteten Teilen (2) hergestellt ist und dass die einteilig ausgebildete Welle (1) magnetisch inhomogen ist und intrinsische magnetische Eigenschaften hat, die in ihrem Volumen nicht gleichmäßig sind.
  6. Welle (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) magnetisch inhomogen ist mit einer Veränderung der intrinsischen magnetischen Eigenschaften der einteiligen Welle (1) entweder in axialer Richtung der Drehachse (D) der einteiligen Welle (1) oder radial in Bezug auf die Drehachse (D) oder sowohl in axialer Richtung der Drehachse (D) der einteiligen Welle (1) als auch radial mit einer Rotationssymmetrie in Bezug auf die Drehachse (D).
  7. Uhrwerk (30), umfassend einen Uhrenmechanismus (20), der ein Drehteil (10) aufweist, das dafür ausgelegt ist, um eine Ruheposition zu oszillieren, die durch eine durch eine Drehachse (D) verlaufende Ruheebene definiert ist, wobei das Drehteil (10) mit elastischen Rückstellmitteln zusammenwirkt, die dafür ausgelegt sind, das Drehteil (10) in eine Ruheposition zurückzustellen, und das Drehteil (10) eine Welle (1) umfasst, die dazu bestimmt ist, sich um die Drehachse (D) zu drehen, und zumindest einen vorstehenden Hauptteil (11) umfasst, der den größten Radius (RMAX) der Welle (1) um die Drehachse (D) definiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drehteil (10) eine Uhrenunruh ist, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der vorstehende Teil (11) beiderseits der Drehachse (D) durch zwei in Bezug auf die Drehachse (D) symmetrische Oberflächen (14; 15) begrenzt ist, die in der Projektion auf eine Ebene senkrecht zu der Drehachse (D) ein Profil (12) definieren, das in ein Rechteck (R) eingeschrieben ist, dessen Verhältnis der Länge (LR) zur Breite (LA) ein Formverhältnis definiert, das größer oder gleich 2 ist, wobei die Richtung der Länge (LR) eine Hauptachse (DP) definiert, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) aus Stahl ist und dass die Hauptachse (DP) der Welle (1) in der Ebene senkrecht zu der Welle eine in Bezug auf die Ruheebene bestimmte Winkelposition einnimmt, wenn das Drehteil (10) in der Ruheposition ist, wobei das Uhrwerk (30) in der Umgebung des Drehteils (10) eine bevorzugte Magnetisierungsrichtung (DA) besitzt, die zu der Hauptachse (DP) der Welle (1) in der Ruheposition im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist.
  8. Uhrwerk (30) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) eine Welle (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 ist.
  9. Uhrwerk (30) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drehteil (10) in die Ruheposition durch elastische Rückstellmittel, die der Uhrenmechanismus (20) aufweist, zurückgestellt wird.
  10. Uhrwerk (30) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (1) aus Stahl ist und ein hohes Sättigungsmagnetfeld mit einem Wert (Bs) größer als 1 T, eine maximale magnetische Permeabilität (µR) größer als 50 und ein Koerzitivfeld (Hc) größer als 3 kA/m aufweist.
  11. Uhrwerk (30) nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Uhrenmechanismus (20) ein Hemmungsmechanismus ist und dass das Drehteil (10) eine Unruh ist, die in die Ruheposition durch mindestens eine Spiralfeder zurückgestellt wird, die die elastischen Rückstellmittel bildet, und dass die Welle (1) eine Unruhwelle ist.
  12. Uhr (40), umfassend mindestens ein Uhrwerk (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11.
EP14713783.0A 2013-03-26 2014-03-17 Mobile spindel mit in einer magnetischen umgebung optimierter form Active EP2979140B1 (de)

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EP13161123.8A EP2784602B1 (de) 2013-03-26 2013-03-26 Welle eines beweglichen Elements mit optimierter Geometrie in einem magnetischen Umfeld
EP14713783.0A EP2979140B1 (de) 2013-03-26 2014-03-17 Mobile spindel mit in einer magnetischen umgebung optimierter form
PCT/EP2014/055268 WO2014154511A2 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-03-17 Arbre de mobile a géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique

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JP (1) JP6034991B2 (de)
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CH707790B1 (fr) * 2013-03-26 2017-12-15 Montres Breguet Sa Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie magnétiquement inhomogène.
EP3208664B1 (de) * 2016-02-19 2023-08-16 Omega SA Uhrwerk oder uhr ohne magnetische signatur
EP3605243A1 (de) 2018-07-31 2020-02-05 Montres Breguet S.A. Uhr-anzeigemechanismus mit variabler geometrie und elastischem zeiger

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EP2979140A2 (de) 2016-02-03
HK1217774A1 (zh) 2017-01-20
CN105074585B (zh) 2017-10-24
WO2014154511A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
WO2014154511A2 (fr) 2014-10-02
US9372473B2 (en) 2016-06-21
JP2016517955A (ja) 2016-06-20
EP2784602B1 (de) 2018-12-05
CH707791A2 (fr) 2014-09-30
JP6034991B2 (ja) 2016-11-30
EP2784602A1 (de) 2014-10-01
WO2014154511A4 (fr) 2015-02-19
CN105074585A (zh) 2015-11-18
CH707791B1 (fr) 2017-05-15
US20160085214A1 (en) 2016-03-24

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