EP2973618B1 - Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique - Google Patents

Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2973618B1
EP2973618B1 EP14711708.9A EP14711708A EP2973618B1 EP 2973618 B1 EP2973618 B1 EP 2973618B1 EP 14711708 A EP14711708 A EP 14711708A EP 2973618 B1 EP2973618 B1 EP 2973618B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
coil
housing
actuating device
spindle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14711708.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2973618A2 (fr
Inventor
Frank Wolff
Axel Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfred Jaeger GmbH
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Alfred Jaeger GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Alfred Jaeger GmbH filed Critical Alfred Jaeger GmbH
Publication of EP2973618A2 publication Critical patent/EP2973618A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2973618B1 publication Critical patent/EP2973618B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator having an armature movable along an axis in a housing between two end positions, at least one magnet system connected to a permanent magnet polarized radially to the axis and forming an air gap system with the armature, and a coil connectable to a power source ,
  • the invention also relates to a use of an electromagnetic actuator on a motor spindle.
  • Out DE 197 12 293 A1 is an electromagnetically operating actuating device with two spaced apart and each having an excitation coil having magnetic systems known, between which an anchor plate fixedly connected to a society is arranged.
  • the armature disk is located between two oppositely acting springs and is movable by the magnet systems in two switching positions.
  • Associated with one of the magnet systems is a permanent magnet polarized in the direction of movement of the armature, which stabilizes the armature in the energized state in a switching position. If the armature is to be held in the other switching position, permanent energization is required.
  • EP 0 568 028 A1 an electromagnetic linear motor consisting of an armature, two inner pole pieces, two outer pole pieces, two permanent magnets and a coil known, the armature forms with the inner pole pieces and the outer pole shoes an air gap system of four axially adjustable magnetic air gaps, in the center position are the same size.
  • the permanent magnets stabilize the armature with currentless coil in the middle position.
  • the pole shoes are formed in a half-shell shape and form with the half-shell-shaped permanent magnet two fixed magnet systems.
  • a magnetic device which has a magnetically conductive outer housing in which axially movable, an iron core and a coil surrounding the iron core are arranged. On both sides of the coil are provided coaxially with these permanent magnets, which face each other with the same magnetic pole.
  • the permanent magnets form two magnetic circuits, through which the iron core can be held in two working positions. By energizing the coil in one or the other current direction of the iron core can be moved to the other working position in which it remains in the current de-energized coil.
  • the cylindrical shape of the iron core and the polarization of the permanent magnets can not expect high holding forces in the working positions.
  • An electromagnetic solenoid to achieve high holding forces in the stable end positions is out DE 102 07 828 B4 known. It consists of a stator with two axially spaced magnet systems, each having an excitation winding for generating an electromagnetic flux. Between the two magnet systems, an armature is guided, which carries a polarized perpendicular to its direction of permanent magnet assembly for permanent retention of the armature without energization of the field winding.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement is in this case between the two exciter windings, whereby their effectiveness is impaired as a result of leakage flux.
  • the most brittle material of the permanent magnet assembly may suffer from jerky movement of the armature.
  • an electromagnetic actuator which consists of a stationary ferromagnetic stator structure, at least one coil means and at least one stable positionable in two positions permanent magnet. Furthermore, the actuator comprises a mobile structure with two different ferromagnetic parts, which are arranged on each side of the stator structure and form a magnetic circuit with the respective stator structure. The permanent magnet can interact with the ferromagnetic parts in a stable balancing position without power at the stroke end.
  • DE 201 14 466 U1 discloses an electromagnetic actuator having an end engaging portion forming and movable actuator.
  • a stationarily arranged coil device is provided.
  • the adjusting element has, at least in sections, permanent magnet means which are designed to cooperate with a stationary core region.
  • the permanent magnet serves to keep the actuator in a resting state by interaction with the core area safely in the housing.
  • a repulsive effect can be generated by the permanent magnet and thus the driving of the actuator can be driven from an associated housing by the coil means is energized to generate an electric opposite field. By switching off the coil current, the actuator can be returned to its rest position at the core area.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned above, which is stable in both end positions without excitement with power and can accommodate high holding forces at least in one end position.
  • the actuator should continue to be simple and inexpensive to produce.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a housing having an armature movable along an axis in the housing between two end positions, comprising two spaced-apart armature disks fixedly connected to an armature shaft, and at least one annular array radially polarized to the axis Permanent magnet comprehensive magnet system, which is fixed to the housing between the armature discs and forms an air gap system with axially variable air gaps with these, and further arranged between the two magnet systems, connectable to a power source, annular coil.
  • the magnet systems and the air gap systems are in this case designed so that the armature without excitation of the coil in each of the two end positions can only be retained by permanent magnetic flux and is movable by energizing the coil from a respective assumed end position in the opposite end position, with two magnet systems are present , each having an annular arrangement of the same direction radially polarized permanent magnet, wherein on both sides of the coil each one of the two magnet systems is arranged.
  • the adjusting device has the advantage that the armature consists of simple elements, the two armature discs of magnetic flux conducting, e.g. soft magnetic material and the armature shaft, which may consist of non-magnetic or soft magnetic material can be produced. A trained in this way anchor is insensitive to shock loads, thus ensuring a long life of the actuator.
  • the permanent magnets are embedded between polar bodies embedded in the housing and thereby against dynamic stress protected.
  • Each permanent magnet may in this arrangement consist of annularly arranged individual magnets or be formed in the form of a ring magnet.
  • magnets can be made of sensitive Magnetic materials, such as composites, can be used, which allow high polarization values and field strengths.
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnets between polar bodies and immediately adjacent the armature discs allows high holding forces when the coil is not energized. Furthermore, the use of only one coil contributes to low manufacturing costs and small size.
  • the armature, the magnet system and the coil can be rotationally symmetrical. Furthermore, two magnet systems may be provided with respect to the radial center plane of the coil symmetrically arranged and the same direction radially polarized permanent magnet.
  • the magnet or magnets and the coil between inner and outer pole bodies of soft magnetic material are arranged, which have the form of closed rings.
  • the axial thickness of the armature discs is preferably the same, but may also be different to achieve different holding forces in the two repositories.
  • At least one anchor plate can be cylindrical and arranged in a closed on one side, cylindrical chamber of the housing, wherein the armature disc is sealed at its periphery relative to the wall of the chamber by means of a seal.
  • the chamber forms an enclosed space with the armature disk, so that the medium contained in the space, preferably air, is compressed upon penetration of the armature disk into the room and the anchor on the way to the end position following this movement direction delays and reaching the end position dampens. It has surprisingly been found that a relatively small volume of air is already sufficient to effect an effective damping of the anchor stop.
  • the housing of the actuator, which also forms the chamber, according to the invention preferably consists of a non-magnetic material in order to avoid a dispersion of the magnetic flux and to concentrate the flux on the armature.
  • a particularly advantageous use of the adjusting device according to the invention comprises according to claim 9, a use on a motor spindle, which includes a spindle in an electric motor and a rotatably driven by this spindle with a tool holder for a tool for machining workpiece machining, wherein the spindle is designed as a hollow shaft and in its longitudinal bore has a quick release device held by spring force in a closed position for clamping a tool or a tool holder, wherein the housing of the adjusting device is fixed to the spindle housing with coaxial with the spindle aligned axis, and wherein the armature with a in a longitudinal bore of the spindle axially slidable plunger engage and can move the clamping device overcoming the spring force in a release position.
  • the invention can be complex and often considered disadvantageous, driven by pneumatic or hydraulic power actuators eliminated, which are now common for operating tool clamping devices in motor spindles.
  • the adjusting device according to the invention can be achieved with a suitable size and acceptable weight sufficiently high actuating forces to press the spring tension sets of such tool clamping devices together and to solve the tensioning device.
  • the holding forces required for holding the tool clamping device in the release position can be generated by means of the permanent magnets so that the spool must be actuated briefly only to release the tool clamping device and to return to the clamping position.
  • the use according to the invention thus enables only one drive energy, namely electrical current, to be used for clamping and relaxing the tool and for driving the tool for carrying out machining operations.
  • the adjusting device can, as the embodiment shows, be mounted directly on the motor spindle.
  • the invention also includes embodiments in which the actuating movement and actuating force are controlled by a mechanical transmission system, e.g. Pull-pressure cable, or transmitted by a hydraulic transmission system to the motor spindle. The latter may be advantageous to keep the weight of the motor spindle small.
  • electromagnetic actuator comprises a cup-shaped housing 1 with an axis extending along a cylindrical bore 2, which at one end by a housing bottom 3 and on other end is closed by a cover 4 attached to the housing 1.
  • the armature shaft 6 extends through a bore 2 in the lid 4 and is guided in this.
  • the armature discs 7, 8 have parallel side surfaces and cylindrical outer surfaces, with which they are mounted in slide bushings 9, which are arranged in the bore 2 of the housing 1.
  • an inner, annular pole body 10 and at a radial distance from this an outer, annular pole body 11 are arranged.
  • annular space between the two pole bodies 10, 11 is a coil having at least one coil 12 and on both sides of the coil 12 each have a permanent magnet 13, 14.
  • the two permanent magnets 13, 14 are radially in the same direction and thus transverse to the direction of movement Ankers 5 polarized and form with the polar bodies 10, 11 and the armature discs 7, 8 two magnet systems.
  • the permanent magnets 13, 14 are arranged annularly around the pole body 10 and can be designed as ring magnets or as an arrangement of the same direction polarized individual magnet.
  • the polar bodies 10, 11 and the permanent magnets 13, 14 are fixedly connected to each other and the outer polar body 11 is axially fixed in the housing 1 by means of the sliding bushes 9, which are supported on the housing bottom 3 and on the cover 4.
  • the coil 12 may also adjacent to one another on one side of the coil 12, preferably the armature disc 7, arranged or formed by a single permanent magnet corresponding strength, such as a ring magnet.
  • each air gap L1, L2 is associated with a magnetic system.
  • the two pole bodies 10, 11 and the armature discs 7, 8 consist of a good magnetic flux conducting, in particular soft magnetic material.
  • the armature shaft 6 may also be made of magnetic flux conductive material, but preferably it consists of non-magnetic material to counteract a scattering of the flow.
  • the housing 1, the cover 4 and the sliding bushes 9 are also made of non-magnetic material.
  • the housing bottom 3 adjacent armature disk 7 is disposed in a chamber 16 formed by the housing 1 and the surrounding sliding bushes 9 and sealed by a sealing ring 17 relative to the sliding bushes 9.
  • the armature 5 can be held in its two end positions by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13, 14 with a comparatively high force.
  • the center position of the armature 5 with equal air gaps L1, L2 is unstable.
  • the coil 12 is briefly energized with a current, wherein the current direction determines the direction of the armature movement.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show the magnetic flux field lines at different operating states of the actuator. Shown here is in each case half the axial section of the magnetic flux conducting parts.
  • the coil 12 is energized with a current of such a direction as to produce a coil field in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet 14. Both fields complement each other and cause a strong electromagnetic flux, which is guided by the permanent magnet 13 deflected over the armature disk 7. The field of the permanent magnet 13 is weakened here, but is also still force generating effective. On the armature 5 thereby acts a strong force in the direction of the arrow F, through which the armature is moved to the right end position.,
  • FIG. 3 shows the right end position of the armature 5 after energizing the coil 12.
  • the now no longer weakened by the coil field permanent magnet 13 generates a strong field that detects the armature disk 7 and holds the armature 5 with a force F in the final position.
  • the field of the permanent magnet 13 is additionally reinforced by a part of the field of the permanent magnet 14.
  • the guided by the right armature disc 8 flow of the permanent magnet 14 is greatly weakened by the here large air gap L2 and therefore hardly effective.
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the magnetic flux upon energization of the coil 12 with a current of reverse direction to move the armature 5 in the opposite direction.
  • the coil field amplifies the field of the permanent magnet 13 and weakens the field of the permanent magnet 14 and the permanent magnet 14 directs the common flow of coil 12 and permanent magnet 13 to the armature disc 8, so that the armature 5 is moved to the left end position.
  • the damping caused by the chamber 16 is particularly effective.
  • FIG. 5 shows such an application in which an electromagnetic actuator 20 is combined with a motor spindle 21.
  • the motor spindle 21 consists of a multi-part spindle housing 22, a stator winding
  • the spindle 25 is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore 27, which opens at the lower end in the drawing in a conical bore 28 for receiving a tool cone 29.
  • the tool cone 29 can either be attached directly to a machining tool or, as shown in the drawing, to a tool holder 30.
  • In the longitudinal bore 27 is axially slidably mounted a quick-release device 31 and a fixedly connected to this plunger 32 axially displaceable.
  • the quick release device 31 cooperates with a clamping pin 33 which is fixed to the tool cone 29.
  • the clamping pin 33 is positively embraced by the quick release device 31 and pulled by the force of biased disc springs 34 in the spindle 25, whereby the tool cone 29 is clamped in the conical bore 28.
  • the plate springs 34 are arranged on the plunger 32 and are supported in the axial direction on the head 35 of the plunger 32 on the one hand and on a stop ring 36 on the other hand, which bears against a shoulder in the longitudinal bore 27.
  • the adjusting device 20 essentially corresponds to the in FIG. 1 shown adjusting device and is therefore provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the adjusting device 20 can be attached to the side facing away from the tool holder 30 end of the spindle housing 22 by means of the cover 4.
  • the protruding from the lid 4 end of the armature shaft 6 engages in the longitudinal bore 27 in the spindle 25 and is located in the retracted into the housing 1 position of the armature 5 with its end face the head 35 of the plunger 32 with a small distance. Also radially between the end of the armature shaft 6 and the wall of the longitudinal bore 27 a game exists, so that the armature shaft 6 is not touched by the rotating during machining operations spindle 25 and the rotating head 35 with this.
  • the tool holder 30 is tensioned by the adjusting jig 31 by means of the force of the disc springs 34.
  • the armature 5 is without excitation of the coil 12 by the magnet system of permanent magnet 14 and armature disc 8 held in the retracted position.
  • the coil 12 is energized with a current through which, as in FIG. 2 shown, the armature shaft 6 is moved to the further out of the housing 1 position.
  • the armature shaft 6 comes here with the head 35 of the plunger 32 into contact and presses against the force of the disc springs 34, the plunger 32 with the quick release device 31 far enough down that the clamping pin 33 released from the quick release device 31 and the tool cone 29 is released.
  • the tool holder 30 and the attached tool can be removed in this way by hand or automatically.
  • the coil 12 After releasing the quick-release device 31, the coil 12 is de-energized and the release position of the quick release device 31 without excitation of the coil alone by the permanent magnets 13, 14, as in FIG. 2 shown held against the force of the disc springs 34.
  • the spool 12 After insertion of the new tool in the tapered bore 28 of the spindle 25, the spool 12 is excited inversely for clamping a new tool and, as in FIG. 3 shown, the armature 5 moves back into the housing 1. With the help of the disc springs 34 while the clamping pin 33 of the new tool is gripped by the clamping device 31 and clamped in the conical bore 28 of the spindle 25.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique avec un boîtier (1), un induit (5) mobile dans le boîtier (1) le long d'un axe entre deux positions extrêmes, lequel induit présente deux disques d'induit (7, 8) disposés à distance l'un de l'autre et fixés fermement à une tige d'induit (6), avec deux systèmes d'aimants comprenant chacun un ensemble annulaire d'un ou plusieurs aimants permanents (13, 14) polarisés radialement par rapport à l'axe et chacun disposés fixement dans le boîtier entre les disques d'induit (7, 8), et forment avec ces derniers un système d'entrefers avec des entrefers (L1, L2) pouvant varier axialement, et avec une bobine annulaire (12) attribuée à chacun des systèmes d'aimants et pouvant être raccordée à une source de courant, chaque système d'aimants et le système d'entrefers étant conçus de telle manière que l'induit (5) peut être retenu dans chacune des deux positions extrêmes sans excitation de la bobine (12), et peut être déplacé d'une position extrême occupée dans la position extrême opposée par excitation de la bobine (12), chacun des deux systèmes d'aimants étant disposé sur l'un des deux côtés de la bobine (12).
  2. Dispositif de réglage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (5), le système d'aimants et la bobine (12) sont conçus avec une symétrie de rotation.
  3. Dispositif de réglage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le ou les systèmes d'aimants présentent des noyaux polaires (10, 11) interne radialement et externe radialement réalisés dans un matériau conduisant le flux magnétique.
  4. Dispositif de réglage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un noyau polaire interne radialement (10) s'étend sous la forme d'un anneau fermé à l'intérieur des aimants permanents (13, 14) et de la bobine (12).
  5. Dispositif de réglage selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un noyau polaire externe radialement (11) entoure de façon annulaire les aimants permanents (13, 14) et la bobine (12).
  6. Dispositif de réglage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur axiale des disques d'induit (7, 8) est différente.
  7. Dispositif de réglage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un disque d'induit (7) est cylindrique et disposé dans une chambre (16) du boîtier qui est cylindrique et fermée d'un côté, et en ce que le disque d'induit (7) est rendu étanche sur sa périphérie par rapport à la paroi de la chambre (16) au moyen d'un joint d'étanchéité (17).
  8. Dispositif de réglage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (1) est constitué d'un matériau non magnétique.
  9. Utilisation d'un dispositif de réglage (20) selon l'une des revendications précédentes sur une électrobroche (21) qui comprend dans un boîtier de broche (22) un moteur électrique et une broche (25) qui peut être entrainée en rotation par celui-ci et qui est munie d'un logement d'outil pour un outil destiné à l'usinage de pièce à usiner, la broche (25) étant conçue sous la forme d'un arbre creux et est munie dans sa forure longitudinale (27) d'un dispositif de serrage rapide (31) retenu dans une position fermée par une force d'un ressort pour serrer un outil ou un support d'outil (30), le boîtier (1) du dispositif de réglage (20) étant fixé directement ou indirectement au boîtier de broche (22), et l'induit (5) pouvant interagir avec coulisseau (32) pouvant être déplacé axialement dans une forure longitudinale (27) de la broche (25) de manière à transmettre une force et un mouvement et pouvant déplacer le dispositif de serrage rapide (31) dans une position desserrée en surmontant la force d'un ressort.
EP14711708.9A 2013-03-11 2014-03-10 Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique Active EP2973618B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013102400.9A DE102013102400B4 (de) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und Kombination von elektromagnetischer Stellvorrichtung und Motorspindel
PCT/EP2014/054545 WO2014139926A2 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-03-10 Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et combinaison d'un dispositif de réglage électromagnétique et d'une broche motorisée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2973618A2 EP2973618A2 (fr) 2016-01-20
EP2973618B1 true EP2973618B1 (fr) 2017-06-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14711708.9A Active EP2973618B1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-03-10 Dispositif de réglage électromagnétique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2973618B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013102400B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2635624T3 (fr)
TW (1) TWI603353B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014139926A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105655086A (zh) * 2016-04-08 2016-06-08 焦作市华鹰机电技术有限公司 高性能双边法向电磁执行器
JP7393125B2 (ja) 2018-03-13 2023-12-06 フスコ オートモーティブ ホールディングス エル・エル・シー 中間状態を有する双安定ソレノイド
FR3089314B1 (fr) * 2018-11-29 2021-02-26 Moving Magnet Tech Dispositif d’effort reglable
DE102020109120B4 (de) 2020-04-01 2022-02-03 Alfred Jäger GmbH Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und deren Verwendung
WO2023241760A1 (fr) 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Alfred Jäger GmbH Dispositif d'actionnement magnétique
DE102022114839A1 (de) 2022-06-13 2023-12-14 Alfred Jäger GmbH Magnetische Stellvorrichtung

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DE4214284A1 (de) 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Schneider Co Optische Werke Elektromagnetischer linearmotor
DE19712293A1 (de) 1997-03-24 1998-10-01 Binder Magnete Elektromagnetisch arbeitende Stelleinrichtung
DE19958888A1 (de) 1999-12-07 2001-06-13 Sheng Chih Sheng Magnetvorrichtung mit wechselbarem Magnetkreis und mit beiden Befestigungsstellen
DE10123270B4 (de) * 2001-05-12 2010-12-30 Andreas Maier Gmbh & Co. Kg Spannvorrichtung mit angetriebenem Einzugsnippel
DE20114466U1 (de) * 2001-09-01 2002-01-03 Eto Magnetic Kg Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung
DE10207828B4 (de) 2002-02-25 2004-10-07 Technische Universität Dresden Elektromagnetischer Hubmagnet
FR2884349B1 (fr) 2005-04-06 2007-05-18 Moving Magnet Tech Mmt Actionneur electromagnetique polarise bistable a actionnement rapide
DE102011001866A1 (de) 2011-04-07 2012-10-11 Mag Ias Gmbh Werkstückspannvorrichtung und Werkzeugmaschine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013102400A1 (de) 2014-09-11
TWI603353B (zh) 2017-10-21
TW201443942A (zh) 2014-11-16
DE102013102400B4 (de) 2021-08-26
WO2014139926A2 (fr) 2014-09-18
EP2973618A2 (fr) 2016-01-20
WO2014139926A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
ES2635624T3 (es) 2017-10-04

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