EP2971980A1 - Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

Info

Publication number
EP2971980A1
EP2971980A1 EP14701087.0A EP14701087A EP2971980A1 EP 2971980 A1 EP2971980 A1 EP 2971980A1 EP 14701087 A EP14701087 A EP 14701087A EP 2971980 A1 EP2971980 A1 EP 2971980A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
heat buffer
heating system
buffer
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14701087.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hermann Stumpp
Oliver Marquardt
Wolfgang Friede
Uwe Limbeck
Johannes Zorzi
Christian Herbert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2971980A1 publication Critical patent/EP2971980A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system with at least one combined heat and power plant, at least one additional heater and at least one heat storage. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating in particular such a heating system.
  • a combined heat and power plant is understood to mean a plant which provides at a first output one equivalent to a force, such as a mechanically rotating part or a current-supplying electrical voltage, and at another output heat.
  • a fuel cell heating system is understood to mean a special combined heat and power plant which has a fuel cell system with a fuel cell stack containing one or more fuel cells and an afterburner. In the fuel cell system, an electrical voltage and optionally an electric current in the fuel cell and heat in the fuel cell and in the afterburner is generated.
  • a heating system with a combined heat and power plant e.g. by a fuel cell plant, generating electricity, the at the
  • Electricity produced waste heat further use such as a heating circuit for a space heating and / or a hot water system. This can happen at certain times of the day or season, that an instantaneous heat demand, ie the heat that is needed for the space heating and / or for the hot water system exceeds the heat generated during power generation waste heat.
  • DE 102010001011 AI discloses a system with a combined heat and power plant in the form of a fuel cell heating system, in which a first portion of a first fuel in at least one fuel cell of a fuel cell system of the cogeneration plant is electrochemically converted, whereby an electric power and heat is generated, wherein a second portion of the first fuel leaving the fuel cell without reaction, after exiting the fuel cell in a
  • Fuel cell system which usually has a plurality of fuel cells, are operated stoichiometrically. That means more
  • Fuel of the anode and more oxidant must be supplied to the cathode, as there electrochemically reacts. This can be a
  • aging at the optimum operating point of the fuel cell is not minimal. Aging is understood here to mean a drop in the efficiency or the performance of at least one fuel cell over time, which can have various causes.
  • Fuel cell system operate at long distances on their maximum electric power. Under the maximum electrical power is the
  • Inverters should be understood to mean a device that meets the requirements of the Fuel cells can convert DC output into an alternating current.
  • the features listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements of the heating system according to the main claim are possible.
  • the auxiliary heater can be a boiler, a spa or a burner. It can be integrated with the fuel cell system in a device or designed as a separate device.
  • the fuel cell system in a device or designed as a separate device.
  • Fuel cell system and the auxiliary heater components share, z. B. a heat exchanger, a fuel supply or the controller or the scheme.
  • the heat buffer has an upper region with at least two connections and a lower region with at least two connections and the combined heat and power plant with a hot water outlet to an upper connection of the heat buffer and with a cold water inlet to a lower connection of the heat buffer connected.
  • this circuit is simplified when the heat buffer has an upper area with at least two terminals and a lower area with at least two terminals and the auxiliary heater with a
  • Hot water inlet is connected to an upper connection of the heat buffer and with a cold water outlet to a lower connection of the heat buffer.
  • the water flows can then be sensitively regulated when the heat buffer is connected to the additional heater via a 3-way mixing valve.
  • the control of the heat buffer succeeds if it has at least one upper and / or at least one lower temperature sensor.
  • the upper temperature sensor in particular the hot water area of the Heat buffer are monitored while another temperature sensor is located in the lower, cold area.
  • the auxiliary heater directly and / or indirectly with a
  • Hot water tank and / or one or more heating circuits to be connected are connected.
  • the efficiency of the heating system can be further increased if the combined heat and power plant has at least one reformer for splitting fuel supplied to the additional water is supplied.
  • a reformer is understood to mean a device to which, for example, natural gas can be supplied, and which at least partially transforms the natural gas into hydrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide.
  • the reformer supplied water as condensation from at least one heat exchanger of the heating system and fed to a condensate tank can on an outer
  • the available amount of condensed water in the condensate tank can be easily determined if the condensate tank has a
  • Level sensor has.
  • An increase in efficiency is also due to an inventive method for operating a heating system, the at least one combined heat and power plant, at least one additional heater and at least one
  • Has heat buffer then achieved when the additional heater warm hot water only from the heat buffer, when the return temperature of the
  • Additional heating of incoming heating water is less than a temperature in an upper region of the heat buffer.
  • d has at least one combined heat and power plant, at least one Sakhei and at least one heat buffer, then, if the auxiliary heater warm heating water only from the heat buffer refers when the
  • Return temperature of the heating water arriving at the additional heater is lower than a temperature in a lower region of the heat buffer.
  • an increase in efficiency is also achieved by a method according to the invention for operating a heating system which has at least one cogeneration installation, at least one auxiliary heater and at least one heat buffer, if the cogeneration installation is able to provide an electric power and with high,
  • maximum electrical power is operated as long as the temperature in a lower region of the heat buffer is less than 50 ° C, preferably less than 45 ° C.
  • an increase in efficiency is also achieved by a method according to the invention for operating a heating system, which has at least one combined heat and power plant, at least one additional heater and at least one heat buffer, if the combined heat and power plant can provide an electric power and with high , in particular maximum electric power is operated as long as the temperature in an upper region of the heat buffer is less than 70 ° C, preferably less than 65 ° C.
  • an increase in efficiency can also be achieved by a method according to the invention for operating a heating system which has at least one combined heat and power plant, at least one additional heater and at least one heat buffer, if the combined heat and power plant is able to provide electrical power and with high efficiency ,
  • maximum electrical power is operated, as long as condensed water can be removed from the condensate tank and in particular the reformer can be supplied.
  • the inventive methods can also be combined and are preferably suitable for operating one of the aforementioned heating systems.
  • the features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in combination.
  • the fuel cell may be a SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell).
  • the fuel cell system can have a plurality of fuel cells which may be combined to form a fuel cell stack or a fuel cell bundle.
  • Fuel can be natural gas, biogas, pure methane or longer-chain hydrocarbons such as propane, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, LPG or heating oil.
  • the first fuel may be methanol or a longer chain alcohol.
  • the first fuel may be partially or completely reformed prior to entering the fuel cell or in the fuel cell. This creates a fuel that is rich in hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide. Among the first fuel will be both the reformed and the
  • a third portion of the first fuel leaving the fuel cell is made available to the fuel cell by recirculation.
  • the second portion of the first fuel is thus reduced by the third portion.
  • the third portion can also be adjusted according to the heat demand and reduced in particular with increasing heat demand.
  • the second and third share are also based on the amount of the first
  • Fuel which is supplied to the fuel cell system, based.
  • the second fuel may be the same substance as the first fuel. However, the second fuel and the first fuel may also be different substances.
  • the auxiliary heater may be a gas fired value heater.
  • a heating system 10 which has a combined heat and power plant in the form of a fuel cell system 12 and an additional heater 14 and a heat storage, which is designed as a heat buffer 16.
  • the heat buffer 16 is characterized in that it contains a heat storage medium, preferably circulating heating water. In this heat buffer 16 heat can be introduced or removed regardless of the actual demand requirement.
  • the heat buffer 16 differs from a heat storage, which is usually to be kept at a high temperature level in order to keep heat available for peak demand periods. When heat buffer 16, it is such that the heat should be delivered as soon as possible, in order to allow the heat buffering effect namely the recovery of heat.
  • the heat buffer 16 is connected between the combined heat and power plant and the auxiliary heater 14. It follows that heat from the combined heat and power plant, ie from the
  • Fuel cell system 12 delivered to the heat buffer 16 and from
  • Additional heater 14 heat from the heat buffer 16 can be added.
  • the heat buffer 16 has an upper portion 18 and a lower portion 20, wherein the areas 18, 20 in the interior of the heat buffer 16 with or without interruption can merge into each other.
  • the upper area 18 the areas 18, 20 in the interior of the heat buffer 16 with or without interruption can merge into each other.
  • Heat buffer 16 two terminals 22 and 24 and in the lower region 20 has two terminals 26 and 28 on.
  • the fuel cell system 12 has a hot water outlet 30 which is connected to an upper terminal 22 of the heat buffer 16 and a cold water inlet 32 to a lower Terminal 26 is connected.
  • the fuel cell system 12 can continuously deliver heat to the heat buffer 16.
  • a pump 34 is provided.
  • the pump 34 is preferably disposed between the lower port 26 and the cold water inlet 32. This can be cold
  • the pump 34 can also be connected between the hot water outlet 30 and the upper connection 22.
  • the fuel cell system 12 shown in the figure has a
  • Fuel input 36 the fuel via a later described
  • the supplied fuel preferably natural gas
  • the supplied fuel is at least partially split and fed to the fuel cell 42.
  • the fuel cell 42 has an anode 44 and a cathode 46 separated by a catalytic element 48.
  • the fuel treated by the reformer 40 is supplied to the anode 44 of the fuel cell 42, while the cathode 46 is supplied via an air inlet 50 in particular oxygen.
  • the cathode 46 is supplied via an air inlet 50 in particular oxygen.
  • anode 44 and the afterburner 54 a portion of the unconsumed fuel is returned and fed to the reformer 40 via the aforementioned mixing valve 38.
  • the excess air, in particular oxygen leaves the cathode 46 through an outlet 56 and is also fed into the afterburner 54.
  • the excess fuel / air mixture is burned so that hot exhaust gases leave the afterburner 54 via an afterburner exit 58 in the direction of a heat exchanger 60.
  • the heat exchanger 60 is in the embodiment between the
  • the fuel cell system 12 can be operated extremely efficiently in this way as a combined heat and power plant, as long as on the one hand, the power is removed or can be fed into a public network and as long as the heat from the heat buffer 16 is received.
  • the cooled exhaust gases leave the heat exchanger 60 via an outlet 62.
  • the fuel cell system 12 also has a controller 63, via which the individual components can be controlled.
  • the mixing valve 38 or a compressor 65 which is located in the air inlet 50, are controlled.
  • the pump 34 can be turned on and off by the controller 63 depending on the design of the pump 34 or variably controlled in the rotational speed.
  • the heat buffer 16 has at least two connections 22 and 24 in an upper region 18 and two further connections 26 and 28 in a lower region 20.
  • the connections 24 and 28 are in
  • this arrangement may also be such that a flow-through coil is arranged in the heat buffer 16, which is connected either to the terminals 22 and 26 or to the terminals 24 and 28 and otherwise in the volume of the heat buffer 16 a
  • the auxiliary heater 14 has a heat block 68 which can heat the supplied heating water, if one Temperature increase is necessary.
  • the heat block 68 can be realized for example by a condensing boiler in the form of a gas burner with heat transfer.
  • a mixing valve 70 is connected between the upper outlet 24 and the inlet 64, which makes it possible to mix return water from the return line 66 to the inlet 64.
  • the mixing valve 70 is also connected to the return 66.
  • the auxiliary heater has a controller 69, which controls the heat block 68 in a conventional manner or regulates.
  • the control 69 monitors and influences elements not shown in the figure, such as fuel inlet, fuel and / or supply air compressor, flame monitoring and the like.
  • the controller 69 is connected to the controller 63 and communicates, for example, via a bus system 71. However, the controller 69 and the controller 63 may also be implemented in a single controller.
  • the heat buffer 16 has an upper temperature sensor 72 capable of detecting the temperature of the upper region 18.
  • Temperature sensor 72 may be mounted in the heating water or on an outer wall of the heat buffer 16.
  • the heat buffer 16 has a lower temperature sensor 74 capable of detecting the temperature of the lower region 20.
  • a Temperature sensor 74 may be mounted in the heating water or on an outer wall of the heat buffer 16.
  • the upper temperature sensor 72 and the lower temperature sensor 74 are connected to the controller 63 and the controller 69.
  • the additional heater 14 is connected in the exemplary embodiment with a heat exchanger 76, which in turn is connected to a service water tank 78.
  • the heat block 68 is indirectly connected to the hot water tank 78.
  • a pump 80 is introduced, the one
  • Hot water circulation through the heat exchanger 76 can enforce.
  • the pump 80 may be controlled by the controller 69.
  • At least one heating circuit 82 is connected to the heat block 68, whose feed 84 is connected to the hot water outlet 86 of the heat block 68.
  • the connection is made using a 3-way mixing valve 88, to which the heat exchanger 76 is connected.
  • a return 90 of the heating circuit 82 is connected to the return 66.
  • heating circuits 82 which, for example, are connected in parallel and each have a corresponding feed 84 and a corresponding return 90.
  • a temperature sensor 92 is arranged, which monitors the return temperature and which is connected to the control unit 63 and / or the control unit 69.
  • the heat exchanger 60 is designed so that condensate contained in the exhaust gas emitted by the afterburner 54 condensed and discharged directly or as in the embodiment via a line 94 to a condensate water tank 96.
  • condensate from other heat exchangers such as the heat exchanger 88, collect and supply the condensate water tank 96.
  • the purity of the condensate is special Pay attention and the condensate from the heat exchanger 88 may need to be cleaned.
  • the condensate water tank 96 is connected to the reformer 40 and can deliver to this condensate, which is responsible for the splitting of the
  • a level sensor 98 is mounted, which is connected to the controller 63.
  • the controller 63 thus receives the information as to whether the condensate required for the reforming process within the reformer 40 is present in sufficient quantity, or whether the fuel cell system 12 must be guided to another operating point.
  • the knowledge is used that the water balance of the fuel cell, ie the difference between condensed water and water required in the reformer, above a
  • Limit temperature in the cold water inlet 32 of the heat exchanger 60 is negative. That is, the higher the power of the fuel system, the more condensate must be fed to the reformer 40, but not to the same extent in the
  • Heat exchanger 60 is obtained. Below the limit temperature, more water condenses than the reformer 40 requires. Used as fuel natural gas
  • the limit temperature is between 40 ° C and 60 ° C.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a heating system 10 with at least one combined heat and power plant, in particular in the form of a fuel cell system 12, further comprising at least one auxiliary heater 14 and at least one heat buffer 16, according to which the auxiliary heater 14 warm heating water only from Heat buffer 16 refers when the
  • Return temperature of the arriving at the auxiliary heater 14 heating water is less than a temperature in an upper portion 18 of the heat buffer sixteenth
  • the mixing valve 70 is controlled so that at least when measured with the temperature sensor 92 temperature in the return line 66 is higher than that measured with the temperature sensor 72 Temperature in the upper region 18 of the heat buffer 16, no heating water is passed through the heat buffer 16 and the auxiliary heater 14 is supplied.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a heating system 10 with at least one combined heat and power plant, in particular in the form of a fuel cell system 12, further comprising at least one auxiliary heater 14 and at least one heat buffer 16, according to which the auxiliary heater 14 warm heating water only from Heat buffer 16 refers when the
  • Return temperature of the heating water arriving at the auxiliary heater 14 is smaller than a temperature in a lower portion 20 of the heat buffer 16.
  • the mixing valve 70 is controlled in such a way that at least when the temperature measured in the return 66 with the temperature sensor 92 is higher than that measured with the temperature sensor 74
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a heating system 10 with at least one combined heat and power plant, in particular in the form of a fuel cell system 12, further comprising at least one auxiliary heater 14 and at least one heat buffer 16, according to which the cogeneration plant electrical Can provide power and is operated with high, in particular maximum electrical power, as long as the temperature in a lower portion 20 of the heat buffer 16 is less than 50 ° C, preferably less than 45 ° C.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a heating system 10 with at least one combined heat and power plant, in particular in the form of a fuel cell system 12, further comprising at least one auxiliary heater 14 and at least one heat buffer 16, according to which the cogeneration plant electrical Can provide power and is operated with high, in particular maximum electrical power as long as the temperature in an upper portion 18 of the heat buffer 16 is less than 70 ° C, preferably less than 65 ° C.
  • the fuel cell 42 may be operated modulating in a range of its electrical power of typically 100% to 30%.
  • Control strategy provides that during operation the highest possible electrical efficiency is achieved with simultaneous use of thermal energy.
  • the thermal energy is used for heating or hot water preparation.
  • the electricity is used by the owner either himself if necessary or fed into the public grid. Is the temperature in a lower portion 20 of the heat buffer 16 is less than 50 ° C, preferably less than 45 ° C, and / or the temperature in an upper portion 18 of the
  • Heat buffer 16 less than 70 ° C, preferably less than 65 ° C, the
  • Fuel cell 42 are operated with maximum electrical power. If the temperature in the lower region 20 or in the upper region 18 exceeds the stated values, the fuel cell 42 is operated so that as little heat as possible is emitted. This ensures that the fuel cell 42 can be operated with as long as possible maximum power, whereby the electrical efficiency of the fuel cell increases and the aging of the fuel cell is reduced.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a heating system 10 with at least one combined heat and power plant, in particular in the form of a fuel cell system 12, further comprising at least one auxiliary heater 14 and at least one heat buffer 16, according to which the cogeneration plant electrical To provide power and is operated with high, in particular maximum electrical power, as long as
  • Condensation water condensate water tank 96 can be removed.
  • the fuel cell 42 can be operated at maximum power. This means that the fuel cell 42 can be supplied with more than sufficient fuel and air, whereby an optimal mixing in the interior of the fuel cell 42, in particular in the region of the anode 44, is made possible. In this way, over- or underserved areas and thus warmer or cooler spots that cause a faster aging avoided. In addition, the overall efficiency of the heating system 10 increases. Due to the special training and especially integration of the
  • Heat buffer 16 it is possible to improve the fuel cell system 12 both in terms of their electrical power as well as with respect to the heat output and thus with respect to the overall efficiency compared to a system with a conventional hot water boiler.
  • Heat buffer 16 Heat absorption independent of the actual demand benefits the overall efficiency.
  • the controls 63 and 69 are designed so that the heat buffer 16 emits heat from its upper portion 18 as soon as this is possible by the heat demand profile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation de chauffage (10) et un procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle installation de chauffage (10) comprenant une installation de cogénération chaleur/électricité, au moins un chauffage additionnel (14) et au moins un accumulateur de chaleur. Selon l'invention, l'accumulateur de chaleur est conçu comme un accumulateur tampon (16).
EP14701087.0A 2013-03-11 2014-01-22 Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage Withdrawn EP2971980A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013204162.4A DE102013204162A1 (de) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Heizungsanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Heizungsanlage
PCT/EP2014/051195 WO2014139712A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-01-22 Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2971980A1 true EP2971980A1 (fr) 2016-01-20

Family

ID=49999963

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14701087.0A Withdrawn EP2971980A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-01-22 Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2971980A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016515190A (fr)
CN (1) CN105190186A (fr)
DE (1) DE102013204162A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014139712A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20160492A1 (it) * 2016-01-25 2016-04-25 Egg Tech Di Fabiani Fabio Sistema in isola per la produzione di energia elettrica e termica.
DE102016222840A1 (de) 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizungsanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Heizungsanlage
RU194450U1 (ru) * 2019-10-07 2019-12-11 Акционерное общество "Радиотехнические и Информационные Системы Воздушно-космической обороны (АО "РТИС ВКО") Бойлер
RU2735883C1 (ru) * 2019-12-02 2020-11-09 Акционерное общество "Радиотехнические и Информационные Системы Воздушно-космической обороны (АО "РТИС ВКО") Мобильный источник тепловой и электрической энергии
RU2761332C1 (ru) * 2021-04-20 2021-12-07 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью НПЦ «ЭКСПРЕСС Автономный генератор тепла и электричества для железнодорожного транспорта

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JP3100791B2 (ja) * 1993-03-15 2000-10-23 北海道電力株式会社 燃料電池発電装置
JP2001248906A (ja) * 2000-03-08 2001-09-14 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 排熱回収給湯システム
JP2002025569A (ja) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池発電設備と蒸気焚き吸収式冷凍機とを組合せたコージェネレーションシステムおよびその運転方法
JP2002289244A (ja) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-04 Toto Ltd 燃料電池システム
JP2004352531A (ja) * 2003-05-27 2004-12-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料改質システム
EP1541811A3 (fr) * 2003-09-18 2005-06-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Système de cogénération
JP2005197108A (ja) * 2004-01-08 2005-07-21 Hitachi Ltd 燃料電池発電給湯システム
JP2007032904A (ja) * 2005-07-26 2007-02-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd コジェネレーションシステム
EP1764562A1 (fr) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-21 RWE Fuel Cells GmbH Procédé d'exploitation d'une cellule de combustion dans un système de chauffage
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105190186A (zh) 2015-12-23
JP2016515190A (ja) 2016-05-26
DE102013204162A1 (de) 2014-09-11
WO2014139712A1 (fr) 2014-09-18

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