EP2970804A1 - Matière compacte carbonée composite pour combustible - Google Patents

Matière compacte carbonée composite pour combustible

Info

Publication number
EP2970804A1
EP2970804A1 EP14718276.0A EP14718276A EP2970804A1 EP 2970804 A1 EP2970804 A1 EP 2970804A1 EP 14718276 A EP14718276 A EP 14718276A EP 2970804 A1 EP2970804 A1 EP 2970804A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydroxide
carbonaceous
waste
biomass
carbonaceous compact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14718276.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert L. Heimann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enginuity Worldwide LLC
Original Assignee
Enginuity Worldwide LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enginuity Worldwide LLC filed Critical Enginuity Worldwide LLC
Publication of EP2970804A1 publication Critical patent/EP2970804A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C10L5/143—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with lignin-containing products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/14—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving storage or transport of the fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/02—Microbial additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/04—Additive or component is a polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to bio-char and carbon from biomass sources and methods of processing thereof.
  • the present disclosure also relates to carbonaceous sources, and in particular, resources that do not depend on coal tar and that reduce emissions of "greenhouse gas” carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
  • the present disclosure relates to manufacturing processes for creating carbonaceous biomass into biochar or carbon.
  • Biochar can sequester carbon dioxide.
  • Bio-char is produced from any biomass source through low temperature carbonization termed "pyrolysis” or “low temperature roasting” at around 500°C, while carbon is produced by pyrolysis or high temperature roasting above 518°C to 572°C with subsequent activation.
  • biomass materials in which a combustible combination of waste, such as wood chips or sawdust, along with certain additives, are combined and processed to create a carbonaceous resource that can take the place of coal tar.
  • waste such as wood chips or sawdust
  • These devices use compression to force wood particles through metal dies or molds.
  • pressure is applied discontinuously by the action of a piston on material packed into a cylinder.
  • the equipment may have a mechanical coupling and fly wheel or utilize hydraulic action on the piston.
  • Known biomass materials have included natural lignins of the constituent materials in order to bind the materials together during the manufacturing process, in order to create a burnable mass.
  • Natural lignins for example from various wood sources, are complex natural polymers resulting from oxidative coupling of, primarily, 4- hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Additionally, other materials such as thermoplastic resins have been added in the manufacturing process to bind the constituent materials together.
  • binders generate gases during the burning process that are environmentally undesirable, and in fact, some of the binders are not completely combusted during the burning process. Therefore, current manufacturing processes, and the materials used therein, create carbonaceous forms that are not durable and that cause issues in their manufacture and downstream handling.
  • a carbonaceous compact comprising a body having a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive, wherein the adhesive additive comprises a starch and a hydroxide.
  • a carbonaceous compact that comprises biomass composition and an adhesive additive.
  • the adhesive additive comprises at least one of a starch and a hydroxide.
  • the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda.
  • Further additives may also include a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form), and beneficial bacteria.
  • Low temperature bio-char cannot use grass, which is a high cellulose material.
  • various geometries and compositions for the carbonaceous compacts are also provided by the teachings of the present disclosure.
  • a method of processing a biomass carbonaceous compact comprises combining a composition of biomass materials, comminuting the composition of biomass materials, adding an adhesive to the biomass materials to form a composite biomass, the adhesive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, and forming the composite biomass into a shapeform.
  • a method of processing a biomass carbonaceous compact comprises combining a composition of biomass materials, adding an adhesive to the biomass materials to form a composite biomass, the adhesive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, and forming the composite biomass into a carbonaceous shapeform.
  • a method of processing a biomass carbonaceous compact comprises combining a composition of biomass materials, comminuting the composition of biomass materials, drying the comminuted composition of biomass materials, performing partial or full pyrolysis or roasting adding an adhesive to the biomass materials, the adhesive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, adding a silicate to the composition of biomass materials, adding beneficial bacteria to form a composite biomass, forming the composite biomass into a shapeform, and partitioning the composite biomass shapeform into individual pieces that are compatible with existing material handling.
  • the processing is performed at lower temperatures such that an endothermic reaction of the biomass materials and adhesive results or in exothermic ranges followed by activation.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of various geometric forms of a body of a carbonaceous compact constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an alternate form of a body for the carbonaceous compact in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2B is a front view of the alternate form of the body for the carbonaceous compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2C is a side view of the alternate form of the body for the carbonaceous compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram illustrating the various steps and forms of the manufacturing processes according to the teachings of the present disclosure
  • a carbonaceous compact that comprises a body, which may be in any shape or form, such as the exemplary forms shown in FIG. 1.
  • the body 10 may be in the form of a pellet, a briquette, or a puck.
  • a pellet may be defined by a having a size on the order of about 4.0 to 7.6 mm.
  • a typical briquette may have a length and width of about 101.6 mm (4 inches) and 76.2 mm (3 inches), respectively.
  • a puck may have a diameter between about 25.4 mm (1 inch) and 100.8 mm (4 inches). It should be understood that these geometric forms are merely exemplary and thus they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the body 10 comprises a carbonaceous biomass composition that can essentially be any biomass materials, or combination of biomass materials, and/or their use waste.
  • these materials may include saw dust, cardboard and chipboard, grass, switchgrass, energy crops, hay, tree bark, sweetgum seed pods, pinecones, newsprint, wheat straw, duckweed, pine needles, mixed leaves, yard waste, agricultural waste, cotton waste, grape and wine offal, corn stover, crop stovers, peat, tobacco waste, tea waste, coffee waste, food processing waste, food packaging waste, nut meats and shells, chestnut hulls, pecan shells, paper waste, pallets, egg cartons, animal waste, livestock waste, mammal waste, and bone.
  • the carbonaceous compact is highly durable do to its inventive adhesive additive.
  • the carbonaceous compact uses a Stein Hall type adhesive made from starch, or any other suitable material to replace the natural lignins as set forth above.
  • a Stein Hall adhesive about 5% to 20% of the total starch content is gelatinized into a high viscosity paste called primary starch.
  • the remainder of the starch (about 80% to 90%) stays ungelatinized and is called secondary starch.
  • the starch may be one produced from wheat, oats, rice, corn, wheat middling, wheat waste or even wood and the like, but containing a gelatinized fraction that upon substantial drying will tightly bond the biomass composition.
  • the adhesive additive includes a hydroxide.
  • the hydroxide may be, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda, among others.
  • the synergistic combination of starch and hydroxide provide a highly durable carbonaceous compact, in which any number of constituent biomass materials may be used, without relying on any natural lignins or other undesirable binders.
  • the innovative adhesive is provided to bind the constituent biomass composition and also to form a substantially continuous shell around the exterior portion of the fuel compact.
  • the carbonaceous compact according to the present disclosure is highly durable and significantly reduces the traditional dust issues associated with biomass compositions, as set forth above.
  • the carbonaceous compact comprises, by percent weight, about 69 - 98% biomass composition, about 1 - 30% starch, and less than 1 % hydroxide.
  • Another composition is about 90 - 95% carbonaceous biomass and about 5 - 10% of the inventive adhesive additive.
  • Further additives are also provided by the present disclosure, which may include, by way of example, a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form).
  • the silicate additive is included to provide added weather resistance and hydrogen bonding of carbonaceous biomass particles.
  • the silicate may include sodium, potassium, or lithium, or mixtures of these three, in one form of the present disclosure.
  • Bacteria may be added. Bacteria are used to inoculate crops that sequester nitrogen from the air. Bacteria "Aspergillus Niger” or “arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi” breaks down biomass to element products releasing minerals for plant uptake Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K).
  • the preservative may include sodium tetraborate or borax containing compounds at a concentration of about 1 to about 5%, and more particularly, about 1 to about 2%.
  • sodium silicate may be added to improve water repellency.
  • the additives may also include materials that will benefit from the sequestering of carbon and nitrogen in soils.
  • calcium hydroxide when used as a source of hydroxide, it may react to form calcium silicate, which scavenges sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides in air emissions from combustion in flue gas.
  • lithium hydroxide when used, it may react and form lithium silicate, which forms a zeolite capable of sequestering carbon dioxide from biogenic process.
  • the carbonaceous compact comprises about 50 - 95% biomass, about 5 - 50% starch, about 0.005 - 0.05% hydroxide, about 0.1 - 5% silicate additive, and about 0.1 - 2% bacteria.
  • Further compositions according to the teachings of the present disclosure are set forth below in Table 1 , with an exemplary target value for one biomass composition that comprises grass, corn stover, or a mixture thereof, according to the teachings of the present disclosure:
  • Table 1 [0031] Referring now to FIGS. 2A - 2C, one innovative form of the body for the carbonaceous compact is illustrated and generally indicated by reference numeral 20.
  • the body is modeled after a kernel of corn, which has a hard outer shell, is transportable, and has relatively flat sides, as well as an advantageous aspect ratio in order to be highly durable for handling and downstream operations.
  • the body 20 has an upper portion 22, a lower portion 24, and tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 extending from the upper portion 22 to the lower portion 24, wherein the upper portion 22 is wider than the lower portion 24.
  • the body 20 comprises rounded edges 34 as shown, in order to provide increased durability.
  • the tapered sidewalls 26 and 28 are generally parallel and opposed as shown, as are the tapered walls 30 and 32. At least one of the tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 defines a flat surface in one form of the present disclosure. It should be understood that this geometry, along with the pellet, puck, and briquette as previously set forth, are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • a composite carbonaceous compact is provided by the present disclosure that is durable, that reduces the amount of dust normally associated with known biomass compositions, that is lower cost, higher efficiency.
  • Biochar soil management can deliver tradable carbon emissions reduction.
  • Pyrolyzed wood particles produced in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure are in the form of 7.6 mm pellets having a PDI of 98% and incorporate individual particles with sizes ranging from 3.175 mm - 0.127 mm (0.125 - 0.005 inches).
  • Biochar can sequester carbon dioxide.
  • a method of processing a biomass carbonaceous compact includes comprising combining a composition of combustible biomass materials, comminuting the composition of biomass materials, drying the comminuted composition of biomass materials, and adding an adhesive to the biomass materials, the adhesive comprising a starch and a hydroxide. Further additives are also provided, which include a silicate and beneficial bacteria.
  • the composite biomass is processed into a shapeform, and then the shapeform is partitioned into individual pieces that are compatible with existing handling methods. In one form the processing is performed at about 500°C so that biochar is formed, while processing above 518°C-572°C carbon is formed with subsequent activation.
  • the method of processing a biomass carbonaceous compact comprises combining a composition of biomass material(s).
  • biomass materials are essentially any combustible material, or combination of combustible materials.
  • these materials may include saw dust, cardboard and chipboard, grass, hay, tree bark, sweetgum seed pods, pinecones, newsprint, wheat straw, duckweed, pine needles, mixed leaves, yard waste, agricultural waste, cotton waste, grape and wine offal, corn stover, crop stovers, peat, tobacco waste, tea waste, coffee waste, food processing waste, food packaging waste, nut meats and shells, chestnut hulls, peacan hulls, paper waste, pallets, and egg cartons, among others.
  • Other combustible materials may also be employed, and thus these biomass materials should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • biomass materials may be comminuted, or crushed, to a particle size that is compatible with the specific process, and also with other additives and various processing steps, as set forth in greater detail below.
  • the comminuted composition of biomass materials may next be dried, or alternately, the comminuted composition of biomass materials may be roasted before entering a forming step, again depending on a variety of processing parameters. For example, if a tree or wood products were used as part of the biomass composition, then the comminuting step would take these materials down to a sawdust form.
  • the comminution process may be carried out, for example, by tub grinders, horizontal grinders, hammer mills, burr mills, or shredders, among others.
  • Each type of biomass material will have a different derived particle size from the comminuting step.
  • particle size requirements are based on desired throughput rates.
  • a particle size that is about 20 to about 40%, and more particularly about 30%, of the die opening/diameter used to produce the desired shapeform. These particle sizes facilitate flow rates without excessive processing backpressure.
  • the biomass materials are dried before entering the forming step, a moisture content of about 8% to about 20%, and more specifically about 12%, is typical for many types of biomass materials.
  • the drying is performed by low cost solar collector troughs that concentrate solar energy and heat suitable thermal mediums such as oil, antifreeze, water, or a mixture thereof, for transmission of heat energy through liquid to air heat exchangers.
  • geothermal drying may be employed, alone or in combination with gas-fired or electric drying processes. Drying equipment may also be conventional grain drying batch hoppers, bins, or silos, or higher throughput horizontal dryers. Further still, heat may be transferred through a passive floor heating system. In yet another form, single or multiple desiccant beds may be employed to remove moisture from the drying air. It should be understood that these drying methods are merely exemplary and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • An advantageous step of the present disclosure involves adding an adhesive to the biomass materials, wherein the adhesive comprises a starch and a hydroxide.
  • the adhesive comprises a starch and a hydroxide.
  • further additives are also provided within the manufacturing process. These additives include, by way of example, a silicate and beneficial bacteria
  • the composite biomass is formed into a shapeform.
  • the forming step is performed by an extrusion process in which the forming is performed by an extruder, a cuber, or a pellet mill.
  • Other manufacturing processes may also be employed, including but not limited to compression molding, plunger molding, and die forming. Therefore, the extrusion process should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the extruder premixes, extrudes, and cuts to length a composite biomass carbonaceous compact at about 500 to about 30,000 pounds per hour.
  • the innovative adhesive is added at a throat portion of the extruder, cuber, or mill.
  • the adhesive is added in a hopper portion of the extruder, cuber, or mill.
  • the adhesive is added in a die portion of the extruder, cuber, or mill and is configured to coat an exterior surface area of the composition of biomass materials.
  • the adhesive may be further divided within the processing step, wherein the starch is mixed with the biomass composition prior to forming, and the hydroxide is added during the forming.
  • the adhesive is added between wads of the plunger.
  • the adhesive is added at a plunger input and is configured to coat an exterior surface area of the composition of biomass materials at an exit die.
  • Brik Series by Dipiu Macchine Impianti; BHS Energy LLC; Wyoming, PA.; Warren & Barrg, Duapi, CA; or California Pellet Mill, Indianapolis, IN. may also be employed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
  • the shapeform of the composite biomass may be any number of geometric configurations, including but not limited to pellets, briquettes, pucks, and the corn kernel configuration.
  • the composite biomass is produced as a shapeform, it is partitioned into individual pieces.
  • the individual pieces may be the same size, or of varying sizes/lengths. In one form, the individual pieces are compatible with existing material handling.
  • the processing is performed at lower temperatures such that an endothermic reaction of the biomass materials and adhesive results. These temperatures are in the range of about 480°C to about 500°C for a roasting process, and similarly, 518°C - 572°C depending on the type of carbon material desired. Alternatively, the method may be performed at exothermic conditions followed by activation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une matière compacte carbonée comprenant un corps contenant une composition de biomasse partiellement ou entièrement carbonée et un additif adhésif. L'additif adhésif comprend un amidon et un hydroxyde. La nature poreuse de la matière carbonée sert à retenir les nutriments ou de moyen de filtration. Le carbone est activé par réaction chimique ou thermique à partir de bois/coque pyrolysé(e). L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de traiter la matière compacte carbonée, ledit procédé consistant à associer une composition de matière de biomasse combustible, à sécher la composition, à ajouter l'additif adhésif, à ajouter d'autres additifs, par exemple de la silice et des bactéries utiles. La biomasse composite est traitée et façonnée, la forme obtenue étant divisée en morceaux individuels compatibles avec des procédés de manipulation existants. Dans un exemple, le traitement est effectué à environ 500 °C de manière à former un biocharbon; avec un traitement à plus de 518 °C - 572 °C, le carbone est formé par une activation ultérieure.
EP14718276.0A 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Matière compacte carbonée composite pour combustible Withdrawn EP2970804A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/841,570 US20130212935A1 (en) 2011-01-31 2013-03-15 Composite carbonaceous fuel compact
PCT/US2014/028298 WO2014144051A1 (fr) 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Matière compacte carbonée composite pour combustible

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EP2970804A1 true EP2970804A1 (fr) 2016-01-20

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US (1) US20130212935A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2970804A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016518477A (fr)
KR (1) KR20160018464A (fr)
CN (1) CN105164236A (fr)
AU (1) AU2014227899A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015024216A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2907084A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014144051A1 (fr)

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KR102063250B1 (ko) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-07 주식회사 이지앤씨코리아 커피찌꺼기, 캐슈넛, 톱밥을 이용한 연료용 펠릿 제조방법 및 그 방법으로 제조한 연료용 펠릿
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WO2014144051A1 (fr) 2014-09-18
JP2016518477A (ja) 2016-06-23
CA2907084A1 (fr) 2014-09-18
KR20160018464A (ko) 2016-02-17
AU2014227899A1 (en) 2015-10-22
CN105164236A (zh) 2015-12-16
BR112015024216A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
US20130212935A1 (en) 2013-08-22

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