EP2961580A1 - Wood and composite-material plate and method for production - Google Patents

Wood and composite-material plate and method for production

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Publication number
EP2961580A1
EP2961580A1 EP14706639.3A EP14706639A EP2961580A1 EP 2961580 A1 EP2961580 A1 EP 2961580A1 EP 14706639 A EP14706639 A EP 14706639A EP 2961580 A1 EP2961580 A1 EP 2961580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
popcorn
composite
intermediate layer
composite board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14706639.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2961580B1 (en
Inventor
Alireza Kharazipour
Redelf Kraft
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg August Universitaet Goettingen
Original Assignee
Georg August Universitaet Goettingen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georg August Universitaet Goettingen filed Critical Georg August Universitaet Goettingen
Priority to SI201430813T priority Critical patent/SI2961580T1/en
Priority to EP18162407.3A priority patent/EP3366442A1/en
Priority to PL14706639T priority patent/PL2961580T3/en
Publication of EP2961580A1 publication Critical patent/EP2961580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2961580B1 publication Critical patent/EP2961580B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wood and / or composites, in particular chipboard and fiberboard, insulation boards, boards and composite materials containing lignocellulose and popcorn.
  • Wood and / or composite materials, in particular chipboard or fiberboard have been known for more than a hundred years as an alternative for solid wood in the furniture industry, construction, etc.
  • chipboard or fiberboard have been known for more than a hundred years as an alternative for solid wood in the furniture industry, construction, etc.
  • For the quality of wood and / or composite materials several factors play a role, in particular the bulk density, the transverse tensile strength and the thickness, but in many applications the flexural strength.
  • WO 2008/040747 discloses wood and composites containing popcorn. These have the advantage of a low density. However, it is the task of further improving the wood and / or composite material disclosed therein. This is achieved by a wood and / or composite panel according to the present invention. Accordingly, a wood and / or composite sheet is proposed, comprising an upper and a lower cover layer and an intermediate layer, wherein - the intermediate layer contains popcorn and -
  • the upper and the lower cover layer consist of materials which have a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of> 1 kN / mm 2 to ⁇ 70 kN / mm 2 .
  • wood and / or composite material is understood to mean, in particular, materials which consist mainly of mechanically or thermomechanically, chemo-thermomechanically comminuted lignocellulose-containing material or popcorn, which are shaped after gluing with a synthetic or natural binder and added under temperature and pressure Wood and / or composites are pressed.
  • the wood and / or composite board according to the invention may contain even more than the three mentioned layers (upper and lower cover layer and intermediate layer). Usually, and thus according to a preferred embodiment, however, it is a three-layer wood and / or composite board.
  • the individual layers of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention are explained in detail: a) Cover layers
  • the cover layers of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention - as mentioned - each have a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of> 1 kN / mm 2 up to ⁇ 70 kN / mm 2 .
  • the modulus of elasticity is preferably from> 1.5 kN / mm 2 to ⁇ 50 kN / mm 2 , more preferably> 2 kN / mm 2 to ⁇ 40 kN / mm 2 , and most preferably> 3 kN / mm 2 to ⁇ 30 kN / mm 2 , and most preferably from> 5 kN / mm 2 to ⁇ 10 kN / mm 2 .
  • the modulus of elasticity for wood-based materials is measured according to DIN EN 310.
  • the lower and / or upper cover layer preferably has a density of 0,5 0.5 g / cm 3 to ⁇ 3.0 g / cm 3 .
  • the lower and / or upper cover layers have a density of 0,8 0.8 g / cm 3 to ⁇ 2.5 g / cm 3 , more preferably from 0 0.9 g / cm 3 to ⁇ 1.5 g / cm 3
  • the proportion of the cover layers is from 1 1% to ⁇ 50% of the total wood and / or composite panel according to the invention (% by weight / weight). This has proved to be advantageous, since the density of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention remains low, but nevertheless the surprising increases in flexural strength can be observed. Even more preferably, the proportion of cover layers is from 10 10% to ⁇ 30% of the total wood and / or composite panel of the invention (weight / weight).
  • the lower and / or upper cover layer consist predominantly of a material selected from the group consisting of wood chips or fibers, lignocellulose-containing chips and / or fibers (such as, for example, hemp, flax, etc.), or melamine film , HPL (High Pressure Laminate), CPL (Continuous Pressure Laminate), Chipboard (eg Thin Chipboard), Fiberboard (Thin HDF), Aluminum Sheet / Sheet, Metal Sheet / Sheet, Sheet Metal, Plywood, Veneer, Glass Fiber, Carbon Fiber, Carbon fiber, ceramic and possibly other additives such. As hydrophobing agents, anti-flame agents, binders and mixtures of all these materials.
  • the intermediate layer contains - as described - popcorn.
  • the "popcorn" in the context of the present invention comprises in particular all materials which, like the puffed corn (Zea mays, convar Microsperma), if appropriate after adequate greasing, explode at high temperatures due to rapid heating by the water present in the seed evaporating abruptly Such behavior is known inter alia by quinoa grain, amaranth, rice or even wheat, materials based on these raw materials are explicitly referred to in the context of the present invention as "a foamy consistency.” Popcorn "and includes, the term” popcorn "should not be limited to corn and was chosen especially for reasons of simplicity, clarity and readability.
  • the intermediate layer preferably comprises ⁇ 60% (w / w), more preferably ⁇ 80% (w / w), still more preferably ⁇ 90% (w / w) and ⁇ 95% (w / w) of popcorn and otherwise preferably predominantly of wood chips and / or wood fibers, preferably here.
  • lignocellulosic chips and / or fibers such as of hemp, flax, etc.
  • plastics thermoplastics, thermosets, plastic fibers, such as.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • PP PE supporting fibers
  • additives such as.
  • the intermediate layer may consist of 100% popcorn.
  • the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which ⁇ 50% and ⁇ 90% of the popcorn have a particle size of ⁇ 2 mm and ⁇ 10 mm.
  • Popcorn of larger grain size is often less suitable for processing into lignocellulose-containing moldings such as wood and / or composite materials.
  • Popcorn of smaller grain size tends to be used in many applications within the present invention in the manufacture of the wood and / or composite material Absorb added binder or glue, which can degrade the quality of the wood and / or composite material.
  • the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 70% and ⁇ 90% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 2 mm and ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 50% and ⁇ 90%, particularly preferably> 70% and ⁇ 90% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 4 mm and ⁇ 10 mm.
  • the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 50% and ⁇ 80% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 3 mm and ⁇ 8 mm.
  • the popcorn has an average particle size distribution of> 3 mm and ⁇ 6 mm. This has been found to be beneficial for many applications within the present invention.
  • the popcorn has an average particle size distribution of> 3.5 mm and ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the fat content of the popcorn before processing is ⁇ 10 (wt)%.
  • fat content is not understood the total amount of fat in popcorn, but the proportion of fat, which was used to hydrophobize the seed epidermis, which leads to better inclusion of the water contained in the seed.
  • the fat content is ⁇ 5 (wt)%.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a wood and / or composite board according to the invention, comprising the steps a) (optionally separate) lining of the outer layer and the intermediate layer precursor material
  • Step a) can be done by simply sprinkling fibers, chips and / or granules.
  • the popcorn granules are preferably either by the Bichsel method (WO 1999042005A1) or by Puffung, z. B. by the microwave method, and then crushed.
  • binders are thermoplastics, thermosets, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, isocyanates, proteins, tannins, starch, synthetic binders or natural binders, or mixtures of binders, such as, for example, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine-reinforced urea-formaldehyde resin, tannin formaldehyde Resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or mixtures thereof preferred.
  • additives such as hydrophobing agents, anti-flaking agents, etc., are attached.
  • Step c) can be carried out according to a preferred embodiment of the invention while introducing hot air / hot steam.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing a wood and / or composite sheet according to the invention, comprising the steps of a) producing the intermediate layer
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a particle size distribution of a popcorn granulate which was used in the examples according to the invention.
  • Starting material for the following material examples is grain corn; alternatively, however, other starchy grains may be used as well.
  • feed corn kernels are first crushed and the grain fragments are subsequently expanded under pressure and temperature according to the Bichse method (WO 1999042005A1) to a defined process.
  • the popcorn granules produced in this way are now fractionated, so that a granulate having particle sizes of 0.5 mm to 8 mm and a bulk density of about 30 kg / m 3 to 70 kg / m 3 is present.
  • starchy grains may be expanded by means of a microwave oven or other common methods.
  • FIG. 1 shows a grain size distribution suitable for producing expanded corn kernel-based composite materials and as used in the following examples.
  • a binder liquor based on urea-formaldehyde resin was used, as is commonly used for the industrial production of wood-based materials.
  • these binders liquor contains ammonium sulfate solution (40% - strength) and in some cases water repellents (HYDROWAX 138 ® SASOL GmbH).
  • the glue liquor of the material plates described below consisted of popcorn granules, 8.0% UF solid resin relative to ator popcorn granules, 1% ammonium sulfate solution (hardener) based on dry solid resin.
  • thermoset-curing binder liquors based on melamine-formaldehyde resin (MUF resin), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF resin) and mixed resin systems prepared therefrom, natural binder systems based on tannins or proteins and isocyanates such.
  • MAF resin melamine-formaldehyde resin
  • PF resin phenol-formaldehyde resin
  • mixed resin systems prepared therefrom, natural binder systems based on tannins or proteins and isocyanates such.
  • B. PMDI used. Two different processes were used to compress the glued popcorn granule cake: a) The glued popcorn granule cake is pressed under heat at 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. with a press time factor of 12 s / mm in a hot press with conductive heat transfer. b) The Popcomgranulatkuchen is pressed cold to the desired final dimensions.
  • thermosets this process technology also makes it possible to use thermoplastic binders, such as, for example, PVAC or PP or PE supporting fibers. This process is particularly suitable for slab densities below 200 kg / m 3 , since it must be ensured that the cold pre-pressed granules cake can flow through with hot steam / hot air.
  • Tab. 1 Some physico-technological properties of hot-pressed UFC resin (8.0% based on atro) bonded popcorn composite panels with a thickness of 20 mm

Abstract

The invention relates to a wood and composite-material plate, comprising an intermediate layer made of popcorn and two cover layers having a high modulus of elasticity. The resulting plate is characterized by a very high flexural strength.

Description

HOLZ- UND VERBUNDWERKSTOFFPLATTE SOWIE VERFAHREN ZUR  WOOD AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE AND METHOD FOR
HERSTELLUNG  MANUFACTURING
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffe, insbesondere der Spanplatten und Faserplatten, Dämmstoffplatten, Werkstoffplatten sowie Verbundwerkstoffe, welche Lignocellulose und Popcorn enthalten. Holz und/oder Verbundwerkstoffe, insbesondere Span- oder Faserplatten sind seit nunmehr mehr als hundert Jahren als Alternative für Massivholz in der Möbelindustrie, Baugewerbe etc. bekannt. Für die Güte von Holz und/oder Verbundwerkstoffen spielen dabei mehrere Faktoren, darunter insbesondere die Rohdichte, die Querzugsfestigkeit und die Dickenquel- lung eine Rolle, besonders aber bei vielen Anwendungen die Biegefestigkeit. The present invention relates to the field of wood and / or composites, in particular chipboard and fiberboard, insulation boards, boards and composite materials containing lignocellulose and popcorn. Wood and / or composite materials, in particular chipboard or fiberboard have been known for more than a hundred years as an alternative for solid wood in the furniture industry, construction, etc. For the quality of wood and / or composite materials, several factors play a role, in particular the bulk density, the transverse tensile strength and the thickness, but in many applications the flexural strength.
In der WO 2008/040747 werden Holz- und Verbundwerkstoffe, welche Popcorn enthalten, offenbart. Diese haben den Vorteil einer geringen Rohdichte. Es stellt sich jedoch die Aufgabe, die dort offenbarten Holz und/oder Verbundwerkstoff weiter zu verbessern. Dies wird durch eine Holz und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst. Demgemäß wird eine Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte vorgeschlagen, umfassend eine obere und eine untere Deckschicht sowie eine Zwischenschicht, wobei - die Zwischenschicht Popcorn enthält und - die obere und die untere Deckschicht aus Materialien bestehen, die ein Elastizitätsmodul (E-Modul) von > 1 kN/mm2 bis < 70 kN/mm2 aufweisen. WO 2008/040747 discloses wood and composites containing popcorn. These have the advantage of a low density. However, it is the task of further improving the wood and / or composite material disclosed therein. This is achieved by a wood and / or composite panel according to the present invention. Accordingly, a wood and / or composite sheet is proposed, comprising an upper and a lower cover layer and an intermediate layer, wherein - the intermediate layer contains popcorn and - The upper and the lower cover layer consist of materials which have a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of> 1 kN / mm 2 to <70 kN / mm 2 .
Überraschend hat sich herausgestellt, dass so die Eigenschaften der entstehenden Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte, insbesondere die Biegefestigkeit und Biege-E-Modul im Vergleich zur WO 2008/040747 stark erhöht werden können. Surprisingly, it has been found that in this way the properties of the resulting wood and / or composite board, in particular the flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity, can be greatly increased compared to WO 2008/040747.
Unter der Bezeichnung„Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoff" werden insbesondere Materialien verstanden, die hauptsächlich aus mechanisch oder thermomechanisch, chemo- thermomechanisch zerkleinertem lignocellulosehaltigen Material oder Popcorn bestehen, die nach der Beleimung mit einem synthetischen oder naturnahen Bindemittel geformt und unter Temperatur und Druck zu Holz und/oder Verbundwerkstoffen verpresst werden. The term "wood and / or composite material" is understood to mean, in particular, materials which consist mainly of mechanically or thermomechanically, chemo-thermomechanically comminuted lignocellulose-containing material or popcorn, which are shaped after gluing with a synthetic or natural binder and added under temperature and pressure Wood and / or composites are pressed.
Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte noch mehr als die drei erwähnten Schichten (obere und untere Deckschicht sowie Zwischenschicht) enthalten kann. Üblicherweise und somit gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist es jedoch eine dreischichtige Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte. Die einzelnen Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte werden im Einzelnen noch erläutert: a) Deckschichten Die Deckschichten der erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte haben - wie erwähnt - jeweils ein Elastizitätsmodul (E-Modul) von > 1 kN/mm2 bis < 70 kN/mm2. Bevorzugt beträgt das E-Modul von > 1,5 kN/mm2 bis < 50 kN/mm2, noch bevorzugt > 2 kN/mm2 bis < 40 kN/mm2, sowie am meisten bevorzugt von > 3 kN/mm2 bis < 30 kN/mm2, sowie am meisten bevorzugt von > 5 kN/mm2 bis < 10 kN/mm2. Das E-Modul wird für Holzwerkstoffe dabei nach DIN EN 310 gemessen. Bevorzugt haben die untere und/oder obere Deckschicht eine Dichte von≥ 0,5 g/cm3 bis≤ 3,0 g/cm3. Dies hat sich in der Praxis bewährt, da so die Stabilität der entstehenden erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nochmals erhöht werden kann. Noch bevorzugt haben die untere und/oder obere Deckschicht eine Dichte von≥ 0,8 g/cm3 bis ≤ 2,5 g/cm3, ferner bevorzugt von≥ 0,9 g/cm3 bis≤ 1,5 g/cm3 It should be noted that the wood and / or composite board according to the invention may contain even more than the three mentioned layers (upper and lower cover layer and intermediate layer). Usually, and thus according to a preferred embodiment, however, it is a three-layer wood and / or composite board. The individual layers of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention are explained in detail: a) Cover layers The cover layers of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention - as mentioned - each have a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of> 1 kN / mm 2 up to <70 kN / mm 2 . The modulus of elasticity is preferably from> 1.5 kN / mm 2 to <50 kN / mm 2 , more preferably> 2 kN / mm 2 to <40 kN / mm 2 , and most preferably> 3 kN / mm 2 to <30 kN / mm 2 , and most preferably from> 5 kN / mm 2 to <10 kN / mm 2 . The modulus of elasticity for wood-based materials is measured according to DIN EN 310. The lower and / or upper cover layer preferably has a density of 0,5 0.5 g / cm 3 to ≦ 3.0 g / cm 3 . This has proven itself in practice, since so the stability of the resulting wood and / or composite material plate according to the invention can be increased again. Even more preferably, the lower and / or upper cover layers have a density of 0,8 0.8 g / cm 3 to ≦ 2.5 g / cm 3 , more preferably from 0 0.9 g / cm 3 to ≦ 1.5 g / cm 3
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Anteil der Deckschichten von≥ 1 % bis≤ 50 % der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte (Gew.% /Gew.%). Dies hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, da so die Dichte der erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte weiterhin niedrig bleibt, aber trotzdem die überraschenden Steigerungen der Biegefestigkeit beobachtet werden können. Noch bevorzugt beträgt der Anteil der Deckschichten von≥ 10 % bis≤ 30 % der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte (Gew. /Gew.). Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bestehen die untere und/obere Deckschicht überwiegend aus einem Material, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend Holzspäne oder - fasern, lignocellulosehaltigen Späne und/oder Fasern (wie z. B. von Hanf, Flachs, etc.), oder aus Melaminfolie, HPL (High Pressure Laminate), CPL (Continuous Pressure Laminate), Spanplatte (z.B. Dünn-Spanplatte), Faserplatte (Dünn-HDF), Aluminiumplatte/-blech, Metallplatte/-blech, Blechplatte, Sperrholz, Furnier, Glasfaser, Kohlefaser, Carbonfaser, Ceramic sowie eventuell weitere Additive wie z. B. Hydrophobierungsmittel, Antiflammmittel, Bindemittel und Mischungen all dieser Materialien. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the cover layers is from 1 1% to ≦ 50% of the total wood and / or composite panel according to the invention (% by weight / weight). This has proved to be advantageous, since the density of the wood and / or composite board according to the invention remains low, but nevertheless the surprising increases in flexural strength can be observed. Even more preferably, the proportion of cover layers is from 10 10% to ≦ 30% of the total wood and / or composite panel of the invention (weight / weight). According to a preferred embodiment, the lower and / or upper cover layer consist predominantly of a material selected from the group consisting of wood chips or fibers, lignocellulose-containing chips and / or fibers (such as, for example, hemp, flax, etc.), or melamine film , HPL (High Pressure Laminate), CPL (Continuous Pressure Laminate), Chipboard (eg Thin Chipboard), Fiberboard (Thin HDF), Aluminum Sheet / Sheet, Metal Sheet / Sheet, Sheet Metal, Plywood, Veneer, Glass Fiber, Carbon Fiber, Carbon fiber, ceramic and possibly other additives such. As hydrophobing agents, anti-flame agents, binders and mixtures of all these materials.
Der Term„überwiegend" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet insbesondere >90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt >95% Gew.-% sowie am meisten bevorzugt >98 Gew.-%. b) Zwischenschicht The term "predominantly" in the sense of the present invention means in particular> 90% by weight, preferably> 95% by weight and most preferably> 98% by weight. B) Intermediate layer
Die Zwischenschicht enthält - wie beschrieben - Popcorn. Der Terra „Popcorn" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst insbesondere alle Materialien, welche wie der Puffmais (Zea mays, convar. Microsperma) - gegebenenfalls nach entsprechender Einfettung bei einer schnellen Erwärmung zu hohen Temperaturen explodieren, indem das in dem Samen vorhandene Wasser schlagartig verdampft und so die im Samen enthaltene Stärke in eine schaumartige Konsistenz überführt. Ein solches Verhalten ist unter anderem von Quinoa-Korn, Amarant, Reis oder auch Weizen bekannt, Materialien, die auf diesen Grundstoffen basieren, werden im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung explizit auch als„Popcorn" bezeichnet und umfasst, die Bezeichnung„Popcorn" soll nicht nur auf Mais beschränkt sein und wurde insbesondere aus Gründen der Einfachheit, Übersichtlichkeit und Lesbarkeit gewählt. The intermediate layer contains - as described - popcorn. The "popcorn" in the context of the present invention comprises in particular all materials which, like the puffed corn (Zea mays, convar Microsperma), if appropriate after adequate greasing, explode at high temperatures due to rapid heating by the water present in the seed evaporating abruptly Such behavior is known inter alia by quinoa grain, amaranth, rice or even wheat, materials based on these raw materials are explicitly referred to in the context of the present invention as "a foamy consistency." Popcorn "and includes, the term" popcorn "should not be limited to corn and was chosen especially for reasons of simplicity, clarity and readability.
Bevorzugt besteht die Zwischenschicht zu≥ 60 % (GewJGew.), noch bevorzugt≥ 80% (Gew./Gew.), noch bevorzugt≥90 % (Gew./Gew.) und≥95 % (Gew/Gew.) aus Popcorn und ansonsten bevorzugt überwiegend aus Holzspänen und/oder Holzfasern, bevorzugt dabei. lignocellulosehaltige Späne und/oder Fasern (wie z. B. von Hanf, Flachs, etc.) oder Kunststoffe, Thermoplasten, Duroplaste, Kunststofffasern, wie z. B. PP (Polypropylen), PE (Polyethylen), PVAc (Polyvinylacetat) oder PP-, PE-Stützfasern), ggf. unter dem Zusatz von Additive, wie z. B. Hydrophobierungsmittel, Antiflammmittel, Bindemittel, etc. Jedoch kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform die Zwischenschicht zu 100 % aus Popcorn bestehen. The intermediate layer preferably comprises ≥ 60% (w / w), more preferably ≥ 80% (w / w), still more preferably ≥ 90% (w / w) and ≥ 95% (w / w) of popcorn and otherwise preferably predominantly of wood chips and / or wood fibers, preferably here. lignocellulosic chips and / or fibers (such as of hemp, flax, etc.) or plastics, thermoplastics, thermosets, plastic fibers, such as. As PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) or PP, PE supporting fibers), optionally with the addition of additives, such as. Hydrophobing agents, antiflaming agents, binders, etc. However, according to a preferred embodiment, the intermediate layer may consist of 100% popcorn.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Popcorn eine Korngrößenverteilung auf, bei der≥ 50 % und≤ 90 % des Popcorns eine Korngröße von≥ 2 mm und≤ 10 mm besitzen. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which ≥ 50% and ≤ 90% of the popcorn have a particle size of ≥ 2 mm and ≤ 10 mm.
Dies hat sich für viele Anwendungen innerhalb der vorliegenden Erfindung als vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Popcorn größerer Korngröße lässt sich häufig schlechter zu lignocellulosehaltigen Formkörpern wie Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffen verarbeiten, Popcorn kleinerer Korngröße neigt bei vielen Anwendungen innerhalb der vorliegenden Erfindungen dazu, das bei der Herstellung des Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffes zugegebene Bindemittel bzw. den Leim aufzusaugen, was die Qualität des Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffes verschlechtern kann. This has proven advantageous for many applications within the present invention. Popcorn of larger grain size is often less suitable for processing into lignocellulose-containing moldings such as wood and / or composite materials. Popcorn of smaller grain size tends to be used in many applications within the present invention in the manufacture of the wood and / or composite material Absorb added binder or glue, which can degrade the quality of the wood and / or composite material.
Besonders bevorzugt weist das Popcorn eine Korngrößenverteilung auf, bei der > 70 % und < 90 % des Popcorns eine Korngröße von > 2 mm und < 10 mm besitzen. Particularly preferably, the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 70% and <90% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 2 mm and <10 mm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Popcorn eine Korngrößenverteilung auf, bei der > 50 % und < 90 %, besonders bevorzugt > 70 % und < 90 % des Popcorns eine Korngröße von > 4 mm und < 10 mm besitzen. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 50% and <90%, particularly preferably> 70% and <90% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 4 mm and <10 mm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Popcorn eine Korngrößenverteilung auf, bei der > 50 % und < 80 % des Popcorns eine Korngröße von > 3 mm und < 8 mm besitzen. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Popcorn eine durchschnittliche Korngrößenverteilung von > 3 mm und < 6 mm auf. Dies hat sich für viele Anwendungen innerhalb der vorliegenden Erfindung als günstig herausgestellt. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the popcorn has a particle size distribution in which> 50% and <80% of the popcorn have a particle size of> 3 mm and <8 mm. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the popcorn has an average particle size distribution of> 3 mm and <6 mm. This has been found to be beneficial for many applications within the present invention.
Besonders bevorzugt weist das Popcorn eine durchschnittliche Korngrößenverteilung von > 3,5 mm und < 5 mm auf. Particularly preferably, the popcorn has an average particle size distribution of> 3.5 mm and <5 mm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Fettanteil des Popcorns vor der Verarbeitung < 10 (Gew-) %. Unter„Fettanteil" des Popcorns wird dabei nicht der Gesamtanteil an Fett im Popcorn verstanden, sondern der Anteil an Fett, welcher zur Hydrophobierung der Samenepidermis eingesetzt wurde, die zum besseren Einschluss des im Samen enthaltenen Wassers führt. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fat content of the popcorn before processing is <10 (wt)%. By "fat content" of popcorn is not understood the total amount of fat in popcorn, but the proportion of fat, which was used to hydrophobize the seed epidermis, which leads to better inclusion of the water contained in the seed.
Es hat sich bei vielen Anwendungen innerhalb der vorliegenden Erfindung als günstig herausgestellt, diesen Fettanteil so gering wie möglich zu halten, da dies die weitere Verarbeitung des Popcorns erleichtert. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Fettanteil < 5 (Gew-) %, nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird zur Konsistenzänderung (Umwandlung) (="Puffung") kein Fett zugesetzt. In diesem Fall ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass die Konsistenzänderung (="Puffung") mittels Mikrowellen erfolgt, wie im Folgenden noch ausgeführt werden wird. It has been found to be beneficial in many applications within the present invention to keep this fat content as low as possible, as this facilitates the further processing of the popcorn. Preferably, the fat content is <5 (wt)%, According to a particularly preferred embodiment, no fat is added to the consistency change (conversion) (= "puffing"). In this case, it is particularly preferred that the consistency change (= "puffing") takes place by means of microwaves, as will be explained below.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich außerdem auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte, umfassend die Schritte a) (ggf. getrenntes) Beieimen von Deckschicht- und Zwischenschicht- Vorlauf ermaterial The present invention also relates to a method for producing a wood and / or composite board according to the invention, comprising the steps a) (optionally separate) lining of the outer layer and the intermediate layer precursor material
b) Vorlegen des beleimten Deckschicht- und Zwischenschichtvorläufermaterials  b) presenting the glued topcoat and interlayer precursor materials
c) Verpressen zur erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte Dieses Verfahren hat sich insbesondere für erfindungsgemäße Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatten bewährt, bei denen die Deckschichten Holzfasern und/oder Holzspäne erhalten. Auf diese Weise kann durch einen einzigen Verpressschritt die Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte direkt hergestellt werden. Schritt a) kann mittels einfaches Einstreuen von Fasern, Späne und/oder Granulat erfolgen. Dabei wird bei der Zwischenschicht das Popcorn-Granulat bevorzugt entweder nach dem Bichsel-Verfahren (WO 1999042005A1) oder durch Puffung, z. B. nach dem Mikrowellenverfahren, und anschließendes Zerkleinern hergestellt. Als Bindemittel sind insbesondere Thermoplasten, Duroplasten, Aminoplasten, Phenoplasten, Isocyanate, Proteine, Tannine, Stärke, synthetische Bindemittel oder naturnahe Bindemittel, oder Mischungen von Bindemitteln, wie z.B. Harnstoffformaldehyd-Harz, Melarninformaldehyd-Harz, Melaminverstärktes Harnstoffformaldehyd-Harz, Taninformal- dehyd-Harz, Phenolformaldehyd-harz, Polymeres Diphenylmethandiisocyanat oder Misch- ungen daraus bevorzugt. Hinzu können ggf. noch Additive, wie z. B. Hydrophobierungsmittel, Antiflammmittel etc., beigefügt werden. Schritt c) kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Einleiten von Heißluft/Heißdampf erfolgen. Hierzu wird auf die DE 10 2012 101 716.6 verwiesen. Alternativ bezieht sich die vorliegende Erfindung außerdem auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte, umfassend die Schritte a) Herstellung der Zwischenschicht c) Pressing for Wood and / or Composite Material Board According to the Invention This process has proven particularly useful for wood and / or composite panels according to the invention, in which the cover layers receive wood fibers and / or wood chips. In this way, the wood and / or composite plate can be made directly by a single Verpressschritt. Step a) can be done by simply sprinkling fibers, chips and / or granules. In this case, in the intermediate layer, the popcorn granules are preferably either by the Bichsel method (WO 1999042005A1) or by Puffung, z. B. by the microwave method, and then crushed. Particularly suitable as binders are thermoplastics, thermosets, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, isocyanates, proteins, tannins, starch, synthetic binders or natural binders, or mixtures of binders, such as, for example, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine-reinforced urea-formaldehyde resin, tannin formaldehyde Resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or mixtures thereof preferred. In addition, if necessary, additives such. As hydrophobing agents, anti-flaking agents, etc., are attached. Step c) can be carried out according to a preferred embodiment of the invention while introducing hot air / hot steam. Reference is made to DE 10 2012 101 716.6. Alternatively, the present invention also relates to a process for producing a wood and / or composite sheet according to the invention, comprising the steps of a) producing the intermediate layer
b) Verkleben der Zwischenschicht mit den Deckschichten  b) bonding the intermediate layer with the cover layers
In diesem Fall verlaufen somit Verpressschritte ggf. getrennt; für den Fall, dass die Deckschichten z. B. Aluminium enthalten, entfallen hier einsichtigerweise die Verpressschritte für die Deckschichten. Bei der Zwischenschicht wird Popcorn-Granulat bevorzugt wie oben beschrieben dargestellt. Als Bindemittel kommen ebenfalls die zuvor beschriebenen Materialien in Frage. In this case, thus Verpressschritte run separately if necessary; in the event that the cover layers z. As aluminum included, here account for the Verpressschritte steps for the outer layers. In the intermediate layer, popcorn granules are preferably prepared as described above. Suitable binders are also the materials described above.
Die vorgenannten sowie die beanspruchten und in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bauteile und Komponenten unterliegen in ihrer Größe, Formgestaltung, Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption keinen besonderen Ausnahmebedingungen, so dass die in dem Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriterien uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden können. The abovementioned and the claimed components and components to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special conditions in terms of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Beispiele und Zeichnungen, in denen - beispielhaft - mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäßer lignocellulosehaltiger Formkörper dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen, welche sich auf die Beispiele beziehen, zeigt: Fig. 1 ein Diagramm einer Korngrößenverteilung eines Popcorngranulates, welches in den erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen eingesetzt wurde. I. Herstellung von Popcomgranulat Further details, features and advantages of the subject of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description of the accompanying examples and drawings, in which - by way of example - several embodiments of inventive lignocellulose-containing moldings are shown. In the drawings, which refer to the examples, FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a particle size distribution of a popcorn granulate which was used in the examples according to the invention. I. Preparation of Popcom Granules
Ausgangsmaterial für die folgenden Werkstoffbeispiele ist Kornmais; alternativ können jedoch ebenso andere stärkehaltige Körner verwendet werden. Zur Herstellung eines plattentauglichen Granulats mit geringer Schüttdichte werden Futtermaiskörner zunächst geschrotet und die Kornbruchstücke anschließend unter Druck- und Temperatureinwirkung nach dem Bichseiverfahren (WO 1999042005A1) einem definierten Prozess expandiert. Das auf diese Weise entstandene Popcorngranulat wird nun fraktioniert, so dass ein Granulat mit Korngrößen von 0,5 mm bis zu 8 mm und einer Schüttdichte von ca. 30 kg/m3 bis 70 kg/m3 vorliegt. Alternativ können stärkehaltige Körner mit Hilfe einer Mikrowellenanlage oder nach weiteren gängigen Verfahren expandiert werden. Starting material for the following material examples is grain corn; alternatively, however, other starchy grains may be used as well. For the production of a plate-suitable granulate with a low bulk density, feed corn kernels are first crushed and the grain fragments are subsequently expanded under pressure and temperature according to the Bichse method (WO 1999042005A1) to a defined process. The popcorn granules produced in this way are now fractionated, so that a granulate having particle sizes of 0.5 mm to 8 mm and a bulk density of about 30 kg / m 3 to 70 kg / m 3 is present. Alternatively, starchy grains may be expanded by means of a microwave oven or other common methods.
Um ein zum oben erwähnten Verfahren vergleichbares Granulat zu erhalten wird das expandierte Korn in weiteren Arbeitsschritten zerkleinert und fraktioniert. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Korngrößenverteilung wie sie sich zur Herstellung von Verbundmaterialien auf Basis von expandierten Maiskörnern eignet und wie sie in den folgenden Beispielen verwendet wurde. In order to obtain a comparable to the above-mentioned method granules, the expanded grain is comminuted in further steps and fractionated. FIG. 1 shows a grain size distribution suitable for producing expanded corn kernel-based composite materials and as used in the following examples.
Π. Herstellung der Zwischenschicht Π. Production of the intermediate layer
Zur Herstellung der Zwischenschicht (Rohdichte von 200 kg/m3 und 300 kg/m3) wurde folgendes Verfahren verwendet For the preparation of the intermediate layer (bulk density of 200 kg / m 3 and 300 kg / m 3 ), the following procedure was used
Neben dem Popcorngranulat wurde eine Bindemittelflotte auf der Basis von Harnstoffformaldehydharz (UF-Harz) verwendet, wie diese üblicherweise zur industriellen Produktion von Holzwerkstoffen eingesetzt wird. Neben dem eigentlichem UF-Harz (z. B. KAURTT® 350 der BASF AG) enthält diese Bindemittelflotte Ammoniumsulfatlösung (40%- ig) und fallweise Hydrophobierungsmittel (HYDROWAX 138® der Firma SASOL GmbH). Die Leimflotte der im folgenden beschriebenen Werkstoffplatten bestand aus Popcorngranulat, 8,0 % UF-Festharz bezogen auf atro Popcorngranulat, 1 % Ammoniumsulfat-Lösung (Härter) bezogen auf atro Festharz. Als alternative Bindemittel sind auch andere duroplastisch aushärtende Bindemittelflotten auf der Basis von Melaminformaldehydharz (MUF-Harz), Phenolformaldehydharz (PF-Harz) und daraus hergestellte Mischharzsysteme, naturnahe Bindemittelsysteme auf Basis von Tanninen oder Proteinen sowie Isocyanate wie z. B. PMDI verwendbar. Zum Pressen des beleimten Popcomgranulatkuchens wurden zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren verwendet: a) Der beleimte Popcorngranulatkuchen wird unter Temperatureinwirkung zwischen 120°C bis 200°C mit einem Presszeitfaktor von 12 s/mm in einer Heißpresse unter konduktiver Wärmeübertragung gepresst. b) Der Popcomgranulatkuchen wird kalt auf die gewünschten Enddimensionen verpresst. In addition to the popcorn granules, a binder liquor based on urea-formaldehyde resin (UF resin) was used, as is commonly used for the industrial production of wood-based materials. In addition to the eigentlichem UF resin (. Eg KAURTT ® 350 from BASF AG), these binders liquor contains ammonium sulfate solution (40% - strength) and in some cases water repellents (HYDROWAX 138 ® SASOL GmbH). The glue liquor of the material plates described below consisted of popcorn granules, 8.0% UF solid resin relative to ator popcorn granules, 1% ammonium sulfate solution (hardener) based on dry solid resin. As alternative binders, other thermoset-curing binder liquors based on melamine-formaldehyde resin (MUF resin), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF resin) and mixed resin systems prepared therefrom, natural binder systems based on tannins or proteins and isocyanates such. B. PMDI used. Two different processes were used to compress the glued popcorn granule cake: a) The glued popcorn granule cake is pressed under heat at 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. with a press time factor of 12 s / mm in a hot press with conductive heat transfer. b) The Popcomgranulatkuchen is pressed cold to the desired final dimensions.
Die Aushärtung des Bindemittels erfolgt anschließend, indem Heißluft/Heißdampf durch den gepressten Granulatkuchen geleitet wird. Bei dieser Verfahrenstechnik ist neben Duroplasten auch die Verwendung von thermoplastischen Bindemitteln, wie z.B. PVAC oder PP bzw. PE Stützfasern möglich. Dieses Verfahren eignet sich vor allem für Plattenrohdichten unterhalb von 200 kg/m3, da gewährleistet sein muss, dass sich der kalt vorgepresste Granulatkuchen mit Heißdampf/Heißluft durchströmen lässt. The curing of the binder is then carried out by hot air / hot steam is passed through the pressed granules cake. In addition to thermosets, this process technology also makes it possible to use thermoplastic binders, such as, for example, PVAC or PP or PE supporting fibers. This process is particularly suitable for slab densities below 200 kg / m 3 , since it must be ensured that the cold pre-pressed granules cake can flow through with hot steam / hot air.
Verfahren a) Method a)
Die nach dem unter Punkt a) unter Verwendung einer Heißpresse hergestellten Werkstoffplatten mit einer Plattendichte zwischen 130 kg/m3 und 300 kg/m3 wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Querzugfestigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 und 2 zusammengestellt. The material plates prepared according to the point a) using a hot press with a plate density between 130 kg / m 3 and 300 kg / m 3 were examined with regard to their transverse tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
Tab. 1: Einige physikalisch-technologische Eigenschaften von mit einer Heißpresse hergestellten, mit UF-Harz (8,0 % bez. atro) gebundenen Popcornverbundwerkstoffplatten mit einer Dicke von 20 mm Tab. 1: Some physico-technological properties of hot-pressed UFC resin (8.0% based on atro) bonded popcorn composite panels with a thickness of 20 mm
Verfahren b)  Method b)
Die nach dem unter Punkt b) unter Verwendung einer Heißluft/Heißdampfpresse hergestellten Werkstoffplatten mit einer Plattendichte zwischen 80 kg/m3 und 200 kg/m3 wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Querzugfestigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 und 4 zusammengestellt. Von allen Platten unter Beispiel II wurden die Biegefestigkeiten nach DIN EN 310 gemessen; sämtliche hergestellten Werkstoffplatten weisen durchweg eine geringe Biegefestigkeit von ca. 1,0 bis 2,5 N/mm2 auf, so dass Anwendungen mit tragenden Funktionen ausgeschlossen sind. The material plates prepared according to the point b) using a hot air / hot steam press with a plate density between 80 kg / m 3 and 200 kg / m 3 were examined for their transverse tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The results are summarized in Tables 3 and 4. Of all plates under Example II, the flexural strengths were measured according to DIN EN 310; All produced material plates consistently have a low flexural strength of about 1.0 to 2.5 N / mm 2 , so that applications with supporting functions are excluded.
ΙΠ. Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatten ΙΠ. Production of the wood and / or composite panels according to the invention
Die erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatten wurden nun ausgehend von den unter Π. dargestellten Zwischenschichten hergestellt, jeweils mit einem Gewichtsanteil von 2 x 20 % für die Deckschichten und 60 % für die Zwischenschicht. a) Herstellung im einstufigen Verfahren The wood and / or composite panels of the invention were now starting from the under Π. produced intermediate layers, each with a weight fraction of 2 x 20% for the outer layers and 60% for the intermediate layer. a) Production in a one-step process
In diesem Verfahren wurde das Deck- bzw. Zwischenschichtmaterial getrennt voneinander beleimt. Hierzu kommen alle oben erwähnten Bindemittel in Frage, in der Folge (Tab. 5) wird beispielhaft UF-Harz als Bindemittel verwendet. In this process, the coverstock material was glued separately. For this purpose, all binders mentioned above come into question, in the sequence (Table 5) UF resin is used as a binder as an example.
Aus dem beleimten Material wird in der Reihenfolge Deckschicht, Zwischenschicht, Deckschicht, ein Materialkuchen gestreut und vorverdichtet. Das Aushärten des Bindemittels erfolgt schließlich in einer Heißpresse bei Temperaturen von 120°C bis 200°C und einem Presszeitfaktor von 6 mm/s bis 12 mm/s. Der Materialkuchen wurde unter Verwendung von Distanzleisten zu Werkstoffplatten mit einer Dicke von 20 mm gepresst. From the glued material is scattered in the order cover layer, intermediate layer, cover layer, a material cake and pre-compressed. The curing of the binder is finally carried out in a hot press at temperatures of 120 ° C to 200 ° C and a pressing time factor of 6 mm / s to 12 mm / s. The material cake was pressed using spacer strips to material plates with a thickness of 20 mm.
Die ermittelten Festigkeiten der so hergestellten Platten (Tab. 6) zeigen, dass sich die geringe Biegefestigkeit der Werkstoffplatten aus Popcorn durch das Aufbringen einer Deckschicht aus Holzfasern/-späne deutlich erhöhen lässt, so dass sich z.B. mit Deckschichten aus Holzfasern eine Biegefestigkeit von ca. 16 N/mm2 erreichen lässt, was die Anforderungen an Spanplatten für den Möbelbau von 11,0 N/mm2 nach EN 312 deutlich übertrifft. The determined strengths of the plates produced in this way (Table 6) show that the low bending strength of the material plates made of popcorn can be significantly increased by applying a cover layer of wood fibers / shavings, so that, for example, with cover layers made of wood fibers, a bending strength of approx. 16 N / mm 2 , which clearly exceeds the requirements for chipboard for furniture construction of 11.0 N / mm 2 according to EN 312.
Man sieht somit die erstaunlich erhöhte Biegefestigkeit aller erfindungsgemäßer Platten. b) Herstellung im zweistufigen Verfahren Thus one can see the astonishingly increased bending strength of all plates according to the invention. b) Production in a two-stage process
Zur Herstellung von biegebelastbaren Werkstoffplatten aus Popcorngranulat im zweistufigen Verfahren werden die unter Bsp. 1 hergestellten Platten nach ihrer Herstellung und Konditionierung zunächst bei einer Temperatur von 20°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 65 % unter Verwendung eines geeigneten Bindemittels (Epoxid-Harz, PUR etc.) mit Decklagen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien beleimt. Es ergibt sich auf diese Weise eine Sandwichstruktur, die in Abhängigkeit von den verwendeten Decklagen unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweist. Als Decklagen kommen z. B. Dünnspanlatten bzw. Dünn-HDF, Sperrholz, HPL oder Metallbleche in Frage. In der folgenden Tabelle 7 sind einige mechanisch-technologische Eigenschaften für Sandwichplatten mit einer Kernlage aus expandiertem Mais und unterschiedlichen Decklagen aufgeführt: For the production of bending-loadable material plates from popcorn granules in a two-stage process, the plates produced under Ex. 1 after their production and Conditioning first glued at a temperature of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 65% using a suitable binder (epoxy resin, polyurethane, etc.) with cover layers of different materials. This results in a sandwich structure which has different properties depending on the cover layers used. As cover layers z. As thin slabs or thin-HDF, plywood, HPL or metal sheets in question. In the following Table 7 some mechanical-technological properties are listed for sandwich panels with a core layer of expanded maize and different cover layers:
Man sieht somit die erstaunlich erhöhte Biegefestigkeit aller erfindungsgemäßer Platten. Thus one can see the astonishingly increased bending strength of all plates according to the invention.
Die einzelnen Kombinationen der Bestandteile und der Merkmale von den bereits erwähnten Ausführungen sind exemplarisch; der Austausch und die Substitution dieser Lehren mit anderen Lehren, die in dieser Druckschrift enthalten sind mit den zitierten Druckschriften werden ebenfalls ausdrücklich erwogen. Der Fachmann erkennt, dass Variationen, Modifikationen und andere Ausführungen, die hier beschrieben werden, ebenfalls auftreten können ohne von dem Erfindungsgedanken und dem Umfang der Erfindung abzuweichen. The individual combinations of the components and the features of the already mentioned embodiments are exemplary; the exchange and substitution of these teachings with other teachings contained in this document with the references cited are also expressly contemplated. The person skilled in the art recognizes that variations, Modifications and other embodiments described herein may also occur without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Entsprechend ist die obengenannte Beschreibung beispielhaft und nicht als beschränkend anzusehen. Das in den Ansprächen verwendete Wort„umfassen" schließt nicht andere Bestandteile oder Schritte aus. Der unbestimmte Artikel„ein" schließt nicht die Bedeutung eines Plurals aus. Die bloße Tatsache, dass bestimmte Maße in gegenseitig verschiedenen Ansprüchen rezitiert werden, verdeutlicht nicht, dass eine Kombination von diesen Maßen nicht zum Vorteil benutzt werde kann. Der Umfang der Erfindung ist in den folgenden Ansprüchen definiert und den dazugehörigen Äquivalenten. Accordingly, the above description is illustrative and not restrictive. The word "comprising" used in the claims does not exclude other ingredients or steps The indefinite article "a" does not exclude the meaning of a plural. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not make it clear that a combination of these dimensions can not be used to advantage. The scope of the invention is defined in the following claims and the associated equivalents.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE 1. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte umfassend eine obere und eine untere CLAIMS 1. Wood and / or composite board comprising an upper and a lower
Deckschicht sowie eine Zwischenschicht, wobei die Zwischenschicht Popcorn enthält und  Covering layer and an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer contains popcorn and
die obere und die untere Deckschicht ein Elastizitätsmodul (E-Modul) von≥ 1 kN/mm2 bis≤ 70 kN/mm2 aufweist. 2. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach Anspruch 1, wobei die untere und/oder obere Deckschicht eine Dichte von≥ 0,5 g/cm3 bis≤ 3,0 g/cm3 aufweisen. 3. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Anteil der Deckschichten von≥ 1 % bis≤50% der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte (Gew./Gew.) beträgt. 4. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Zwischenschicht zu≥60 % (Gew./Gew.) aus Popcorn besteht. 5. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Popcorn eine Korngrößenverteilung aufweist, bei der≥ 50 % und≤ 90 % des the upper and lower cover layers have a modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity) of 1 1 kN / mm 2 to ≦ 70 kN / mm 2 . 2. wood and / or composite board according to claim 1, wherein the lower and / or upper cover layer have a density of ≥ 0.5 g / cm 3 to ≤ 3.0 g / cm 3 . 3. wood and / or composite board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the proportion of the cover layers of ≥ 1% to ≤50% of the total wood and / or composite board according to the invention (wt / wt) is. The wood and / or composite panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the intermediate layer is ≥60% (w / w) of popcorn. 5. Wood and / or composite board according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the popcorn has a particle size distribution, wherein ≥ 50% and ≤ 90% of
Popcorns eine Korngröße von≥ 2 mm und≤ 10 mm besitzen. 6. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die untere und/obere Deckschicht überwiegend aus einem Material, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe enthaltend Holzspäne oder - fasern, lignocellulosehaltigen Späne und/oder Fasern (wie z. B. von Hanf, Flachs, etc..), oder aus Melaminfolie, HPL (High Pressure Laminate), CPL (Continuous Pressure Laminate), Spanplatte (z.B. Dünn-Spanplatte), Faserplatte (Dünn-HDF), Aluminiumplatte/-blech, Metallplatte/-blech, Blechplatte, Sperrholz, Furnier, Glasfaser, Kohlefaser, Carbonfaser, Ceramic sowie eventuell weitere Additive wie z. B. Hydrophobierungsmittel, Antiflammmittel, Bindemittel und Mischungen all dieser Materialien bestehen 7. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Popcorn der Zwischenschicht eine Korngrößenverteilung aufweist, bei der≥ 50 % undPopcorns have a grain size of≥ 2 mm and≤ 10 mm. 6. wood and / or composite sheet according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lower and / or upper cover layer predominantly of a material selected from the group consisting of wood chips or - fibers, lignocellulose-containing chips and / or fibers (such as. from hemp, flax, etc.), or from melamine foil, HPL (high pressure laminates), CPL (continuous pressure laminates), chipboard (eg thin chipboard), fibreboard (thin HDF), aluminum plate / sheet, metal plate / sheet metal, sheet metal, plywood, veneer, fiberglass, carbon fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic and possibly other additives such. 7. Wood and / or composite board according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the popcorn of the intermediate layer has a particle size distribution, wherein ≥ 50% and
≤ 90 % des Popcorns eine Korngröße von≥ 2 mm und≤ 10 mm besitzen 8. Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Popcorn der Zwischenschicht eine durchschnittliche Korngrößenverteilung von≥ 3 mm und≤ 6 mm aufweist. 9. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Holz und/oder 8. The wood and / or composite panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the popcorn of the intermediate layer has an average grain size distribution of ≥ 3 mm and ≤ 6 mm ≤ 90% of the popcorn. 9. A process for producing a wood according to the invention and / or
Verbundwerkstoffplatte, umfassend die Schritte a) (ggf. getrenntes) Beieimen von Deckschicht- und Zwischenschichtvorläufermaterial  A composite panel comprising the steps of a) (optionally separately) coating the topcoat and interlayer precursor materials
b) Vorlegen des beleimten Deckschicht- und Zwischenschichtvorläufermaterials  b) presenting the glued topcoat and interlayer precursor materials
c) Verpressen zur erfindungsgemäßen Holz- und/oder Verbundwerkstoffplatte 10. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Holz und/oder  c) pressing to the wood and / or composite material plate according to the invention. 10. Process for producing a wood according to the invention and / or
Verbundwerkstoffplatte, umfassend die Schritte a) Herstellung der Zwischenschicht  Composite plate comprising the steps of a) producing the intermediate layer
b) Verkleben der Zwischenschicht mit den Deckschichten  b) bonding the intermediate layer with the cover layers
EP14706639.3A 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite-material plate and method for its manufacturing Active EP2961580B1 (en)

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SI201430813T SI2961580T1 (en) 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite-material plate and method for its manufacturing
EP18162407.3A EP3366442A1 (en) 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite material panel and method for producing the same
PL14706639T PL2961580T3 (en) 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite-material plate and method for its manufacturing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102013101937.4A DE102013101937A1 (en) 2013-02-27 2013-02-27 Wood and composite panel
PCT/EP2014/053743 WO2014131801A1 (en) 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite-material plate and method for production

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EP18162407.3A Division EP3366442A1 (en) 2013-02-27 2014-02-26 Wood and composite material panel and method for producing the same

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DE (1) DE102013101937A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2675403T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE040186T2 (en)
PL (1) PL2961580T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2961580T (en)
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DE102016110076A1 (en) * 2016-05-31 2017-11-30 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method and device for the production of wood-based panels and wood-based panels
DE102019109504A1 (en) 2019-04-10 2020-10-15 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Stiftung Öffentlichen Rechts Binder based on oil plant pomace for the production of composite materials
DE102020105205A1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Stiftung Öffentlichen Rechts Use of electromagnetic radiation in the manufacture of molded parts containing popcorn
EP4008509B1 (en) 2020-10-14 2023-06-07 Bichsel, Hannes Foamed biogranulate grains
CZ2022419A3 (en) 2022-10-05 2023-10-11 Petr Ĺ paniel An insulating non-flammable waterproof vapour-permeable material and a method of its production

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DE4226988A1 (en) * 1992-08-14 1994-02-17 Wulfram John Schmucker Composite shaped pieces with sandwich structure - have centre layer of foamed synthetic resin and outer layers of natural fibres oriented in specified directions.
CN1041527C (en) * 1994-05-10 1999-01-06 池洪 Biodegradable pollution-free sparkle water material
DE19806951A1 (en) 1998-02-19 1999-08-26 Bichsel Puffing bulk grains or husked fruit uses fluid bed
DE19926417A1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2000-12-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Sandwich structure has top and bottom covering layers, intermediate core and matrix
DE102006047279A1 (en) 2006-10-04 2008-04-10 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Stiftung Öffentlichen Rechts Use of popcorn for wood and composites
EP2223786B1 (en) * 2009-02-26 2014-09-17 Kronotec AG Composite wood board and method for producing same
PL2319671T3 (en) * 2009-11-05 2014-08-29 SWISS KRONO Tec AG Manufacturing method for an OSB-panel
DE102012101716A1 (en) 2012-03-01 2013-09-05 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Stiftung Öffentlichen Rechts Process for the production of wood and / or composite materials

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HUE040186T2 (en) 2019-02-28
PL2961580T3 (en) 2018-10-31
EP2961580B1 (en) 2018-05-16
PT2961580T (en) 2018-07-04
EP3366442A1 (en) 2018-08-29
ES2675403T3 (en) 2018-07-11
SI2961580T1 (en) 2018-10-30
WO2014131801A1 (en) 2014-09-04
DE102013101937A1 (en) 2014-08-28

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