EP2961540A1 - Method for removing biofilms from systems for preparing and distributing drinking water and service water - Google Patents
Method for removing biofilms from systems for preparing and distributing drinking water and service waterInfo
- Publication number
- EP2961540A1 EP2961540A1 EP14705496.9A EP14705496A EP2961540A1 EP 2961540 A1 EP2961540 A1 EP 2961540A1 EP 14705496 A EP14705496 A EP 14705496A EP 2961540 A1 EP2961540 A1 EP 2961540A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- air
- plant
- gas
- biofilms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
- B08B9/0321—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
- B08B9/0321—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid
- B08B9/0328—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid by purging the pipe with a gas or a mixture of gas and liquid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the removal of deposits, which consist predominantly of biomass of microbial origin and water and are referred to in this application for short as "biofilms" of facilities for the provision and distribution of drinking and industrial water, in particular from piping systems, and the Application of this method as part of the cleaning of such systems or piping systems.
- Drinking water is the most important food for humans. It is crucial for the health of the population that drinking water has a perfect condition. This means that the content of chemical ingredients and the microbiological properties of drinking water must be such that people will not be harmed by its consumption or even get sick. Furthermore, it is important that drinking water keeps its perfect condition on the way from its extraction and, if necessary, treatment to the customer's faucet. Drinking water is not germ-free by nature. In order to prevent uncontrolled and unacceptable germ multiplication on the way from the preparation to the consumer, the recognized rules of technology for the construction and general operation of drinking water systems, pipelines and networks must be adhered to.
- the conditions under which the quality of the water must be preserved can be very different.
- the residence time of the water in a pipeline network depends on the current, possibly time-varying water consumption, and the temperature and oxygen content of the water from the climatic conditions and the technical quality of the pipe network. This can lead to water of identical initial quality in different plants varying in tendency to tend to contact the parts of the plant in contact with water, e.g. Pipe walls, form pads.
- the composition of EPS can vary widely. However, it usually has a gel-like or mucous-like consistency and in practice represents a heterogeneous mixture of various macromolecular constituents. In addition to various slime-forming polysaccharides, it also contains proteins, for example. in the form of active extracellular enzymes, as well as smaller amounts of lipids (glycolipids). It is usually assumed that the EPS usually constitutes from 70 to 95% by weight of the dry matter of a biofilm, and that the water content of typical biofilms or the hydrated EPS is in the range from 70 to 97% by weight, in particular 90 - 97 wt .-% of the wet weight of the total biofilm is.
- the EPS performs several functions that are essential for the cohesion of the biofilm and the vital functions of the microorganisms that are present in it and that regenerate or regenerate it.
- the important functions of the EPS is the mediation of the adhesion of the biofilm to surfaces, the aggregation of cells of microorganisms and the immobilization of heterogeneous bacterial populations, the protection of the microorganisms of the biofilm against various chemical and physical agents, so that in the biofilm against numerous biocides such as disinfectants and antibiotics are protected, and finally the water retention or hydration, which protects the biofilm and the microorganisms contained therein from drying out.
- the EPS also absorbs various substances from the water and can contain enzymes that make EPS a bioactive medium.
- the biofilms are usually thin and irregular coatings of mostly soft consistency on the drinking water
- the biofilm adheres firmly to the surfaces and is not normally removed by the flow in piping. It adjusts its consistency of flow velocity near the surface. This means that the stronger the flow, the denser and thinner the biofilm. At low flow, however, a softer, voluminous biofilm grows.
- Biofilms In a biofilm also pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where they survive and reproduce in the protection of the EPS formed by them nest in humans. Biofilms also provide the basis for the growth of amoebae, which in turn may be contaminated with Legionella. A health hazard posed by many other organisms that have been detected in biofilms (e.g., certain mycobacteria) is at least discussed.
- Organisms from the biofilm are therefore often detectable in planktonic form in the water and can optionally be absorbed by humans in this form.
- planktonic organisms does not provide a reliable picture of the microbiological burden of a water-bearing system, as the detectable mobile organisms do not reflect the extent of colonization of a silty microfilm-bound microorganism water-bearing system.
- a measure to be considered in principle for the removal of biofilms consists in the destruction of the microorganisms in the biofilm with biocidal agents and thus in its destruction, ie in a disinfection of the plants and plant parts in which biofilms can be found or formed. Furthermore, it is conceivable to completely or at least partially remove biofilms mechanically, if necessary in combination with a disinfection.
- Prophylactic chemical disinfection of fresh drinking water e.g. With chlorine or ozone, with which the Keimberg and thus also the formation of deposits of microbial origin can be controlled to a certain degree, is not desired in Germany.
- Drinking water can be disinfected in various ways.
- a disinfection using chemical disinfectants is customary.
- Disinfection is the reduction of the number of germs to a level from which infection is no longer possible.
- the disinfecting effectiveness of agents has been determined primarily by their effect on (planktonic) microorganisms dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- the fact that the microorganisms in biofilms are protected by the EPS was not sufficiently taken into account, so that in practice the disinfecting effect often did not meet the expectations.
- Depot-effect disinfectants which have been tested on planktonic microorganisms, ie not in biofilms, include chlorine gas, chlorine compounds such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide.
- chlorine compounds such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide.
- chlorine-releasing Approved agents such as di- or trichloroisocyanuric.
- the disinfecting effect of these agents is due to the oxidizing properties of the hypochlorous acid.
- all active ingredients used are hazardous substances, some of which must be labeled "toxic” or “very toxic”. Comprehensive health and safety, transport and storage regulations must be observed when handling these substances. Special dosing techniques with the corresponding safety devices for these substances are needed.
- Maximum addition levels and limit values in drinking water are defined by the authorities. The limit values must be adhered to, which requires a correspondingly complex chemical-analytical monitoring of the drinking water treated in this way.
- Mineral inorganic deposits and incrustations of oxidic and / or carbonate nature the substances of microbial origin usually contain as inclusions and / or as superficial mucus films (EPS layers) and which are built in particular from cold fresh water, can be chemically acidic, acidic and simultaneously oxidizing or reducing agents (see, for example, DE 32 44 443 Al and DE 44 28 027 Al) as well as with alkaline cleaning solutions are removed.
- EPS layers superficial mucus films
- Such mineral deposits usually form thick, massive and dense layers, and the chemical means of removing such layers must be able to primarily to dissolve inorganic, mineral crusts. The funds required are often hazardous substances and dangerous goods. Therefore, they are only used if it is not possible to dissolve the coating by other means.
- Disinfection step by means of chemical disinfection required to kill as much as possible remaining microorganisms or biofilm residues or at least immobilize.
- hydromechanical technology a comparatively complex equipment park and special knowledge in use is necessary.
- the compressed air must e.g. be very clean and oil-free, as oil residues for microorganisms are recoverable and can lead to strong germ multiplication after treatment.
- Loose mineral deposits such as the frequently occurring brown colored iron hydroxide-containing particles or limescale deposits are also entrained during use.
- Microorganisms from the treated plants in particular from facilities for the provision and distribution of drinking and industrial water such. from piping systems and pipe networks.
- FIG. 1 shows the technological diagram of a possible embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- the present invention is based on the fact known per se that biofilms and also the microorganisms contained therein consist for the most part of water and that a biofilm can only fulfill its various functions if it has a sufficient water content.
- the microorganisms contained therein are not viable without a high water content.
- the water is withdrawn from the biofilm by a purposeful intensive drying of the drinking water-contacted surfaces.
- the biofilm shrinks and loses hold on its wearer surface.
- the dried or at least partially dehydrated biofilm is then easily detached from the surface and can be rinsed out of the conduit system. From the initially coherent and intact biofilm fine water particles and shrinkage processes form fine thin particles, flakes and loose plaques
- Drying step with drinking water and / or a suitable rinse solution can be rinsed out of the system.
- the drying according to the invention is preferably carried out with air which is capable of absorbing a lot of moisture, ie with heated air and / or predried air or another heated and / or predried gas and / or gas / air mixture.
- a microbiologically active gas such as nitric oxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and / or another biocidal or bioactive gas may also be added to the air stream in order to control the germicidal and biofilm-removing effect of the per se.
- a microbiologically active gas such as nitric oxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and / or another biocidal or bioactive gas
- another sterilizing acting gas such as that in medicine used ethylene oxide or formaldehyde gas may be added.
- the at least substantially dried line is thoroughly rinsed, usually with an aqueous rinse solution.
- a rinsing solution used after the drying step is also part of the cleaning system or method according to the invention.
- apparatus and / or chemical aids may be used which allow the most complete removal of the dry residue and which may also develop an additional cleaning effect against lime and other deposits.
- the rinsing is preferably carried out under conditions in which the largest possible flow forces act on the dried coverings (biofilms). Such conditions are most easily reached in pipelines. It is also possible, for example, to add to the rinse solution abrasive granules or other particles which are suspended in the rinse solution or therein swim and be transported by this on the coverings.
- the inventive method is less suitable, once because of the difficulty to dry such walls effectively with dry gas streams, as well as because of a flushing, as used in pipelines is not possible without further ado.
- the method is particularly suitable structures or cavity sections that can be hermetically sealed
- the rinse solution may also contain disinfectants that destroy remnants of biofilms. It may also be a preferred embodiment of the method to use the rinse solution optionally in a closed loop, multiple times and at high rinse rates. The process of drying and rinsing may optionally also be applied several times in succession to achieve a more thorough cleaning and disinfecting effect.
- the invention is based on a
- a drinking water pipe made of 100 m long steel and 2.54 cm (1 inch) in diameter has a volume of approximately 58 l and an internal surface area of approximately 8.5 m 2 . If one assumes for a model calculation that the line is evenly lined with a biofilm with an average thickness of 1 mm, the volume of the biofilm is about 8.5. If one neglects the solid components of the biofilm, one can for an estimate of the required Procedural conditions assume that approximately 8.5 kg of water must be removed so that the biofilm is completely dried.
- Air at 20 ° C with 50% relative humidity contains 1.1 q of water in 1 kg of air. It can absorb an additional 7.8 g / 1 of water and is then saturated with 100% relative humidity (Mollier-hx diagram). When air at around room temperature is used, the heat of evaporation must be applied by the environment. It is calculated that the evaporation of 8.5 kg of water requires 980 m 3 of air.
- the heat of evaporation can be at least partially fed by heating before the supply of drying air to the piping system.
- an amount of energy of 21800 kJ or about 6 kWh heat energy is needed.
- the water from the plant to be treated e.g. a pipeline, pipeline or section of pipeline from which biofilms are to be removed, e.g. by draining and / or expelling with compressed air. This can already lead to a superficial predrying.
- Filtered air 1 is compressed in a designed according to the technical characteristics of the pipeline to be treated compressor 2.
- the air is optionally pre-dried before use. If necessary, traces of oil from the air can also be eliminated.
- predrying it is possible to use any desired processes which ensure the achievement of the desired degree of drying, e.g. chemical processes (use of desiccants in the form of flow-through particle beds) or physical processes (condensation, compression and relaxation).
- the air is then optionally in a heating device 3, which is suitably operated with electrical or combustion energy, heated and introduced into the empty drinking water pipe 5. If necessary, a predrying of the pipeline with unheated but before, but dried air, which removed free water and liquid films from wet surfaces.
- a microbiologically active gas can optionally be added.
- the drying air must normally be passed through the pipeline for at least several minutes.
- the time required for the drying depending on the size of the treated pipe network or the length of the pipe to be dried and the gas velocity, usually at several minutes, e.g. between 5 min and 45 min.
- the air and / or the air / gas mixture are analyzed by passing the gas stream via an analytical station 6 to a gas outlet 7.
- the relative humidity of the exiting gas flow is measured continuously or intermittently.
- the endpoint of the treatment is displayed when a previously set limit value for the relative humidity of the gas flow is exceeded.
- concentrations of the microbiologically active gases can also be measured here.
- the system After drying, the system is rinsed over the same accesses over which the drying took place.
- the inlet and outlet of the system is possibly closed briefly, and the rinse solution is preferably pumped for sustained action in a circle.
- the rinsing process it can serve to establish that the turbidity of the rinsing solution does not continue rises or a fresh solution for rinsing no longer cloudy.
- the flow direction of the air and / or gas stream and / or the rinse solution can be varied in various ways in adaptation to the special conditions of the treated system. It may correspond to the direction of the normal flow direction of the water in the plant, or be chosen counter to this direction of flow, or it may be varied or pulsed during the drying and / or rinsing step.
- the rinse solution may be recycled and a rinse solution containing disinfecting and / or delaminating additives may also be used.
- the drying ⁇ and / or rinsing steps can be carried out several times.
- the flow rate of the air and gas streams can be varied to achieve optimal drying. Since the process is carried out on anhydrous pipes, the gas does not have to be forced into a water column, i. the promotion of the air and / or gas flow does not have to be carried out as compressed air delivery, but the air and / or gas flow can also be conveyed by suction through the system, e.g. by suction on the outlet side of an air and / or gas stream, which was sucked at its inlet side into the pipeline system by a heater and thereby heated.
- Is the anhydrous plant e.g. a pipeline, connected to a suction pump, can also be used in such a way that e.g. for predrying a pipeline in this a more or less strong negative pressure is generated, which enhances the drying effect.
- a disinfecting gas is added to the air and / or gas stream, for example in a final phase of the treatment, after If extensive drying has already been achieved, the action of the disinfecting gas additive on the biofilms or biofilm residues can be prolonged and intensified by slowing down the delivery of the air and gas streams or intermittently interrupting them and applying the disinfecting gas in a static atmosphere ,
- the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for cleaning and disinfecting piping systems in larger buildings in which many people have to be supplied with water, e.g. in hospitals, housing estates, old people's pensions, hotels and other accommodation facilities and rental complexes.
- the treatment may be overnight if the water requirement is low.
- the treatment can advantageously be done in stages, by different sections of a
- Line system for example, certain strands or floors of an object to be treated sequentially.
- inventive method also on a smaller scale, e.g. in the rehabilitation of the pipeline network of a single-family dwelling.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013203156.4A DE102013203156A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | Method for removing biofilms from installations for the provision and distribution of drinking and service water |
PCT/EP2014/053058 WO2014131648A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-18 | Method for removing biofilms from systems for preparing and distributing drinking water and service water |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2961540A1 true EP2961540A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2961540B1 EP2961540B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
Family
ID=50150695
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14705496.9A Active EP2961540B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-18 | Method for the removal of biofilms from systems which supply and distribute tap water and service water |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2961540B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013203156A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014131648A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2599906A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Envirocloud Ltd | Method of sanitizing a wetted system and devices for use in such |
CN113522895B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-11-15 | 西安交通大学 | Pipeline flushing method and device |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE193648C (en) * | ||||
DE3244443C2 (en) | 1982-12-01 | 1986-11-06 | Späne, Rainer, 7888 Rheinfelden | Process for removing iron, calcium and manganese-containing ocher deposits and / or sintering from facilities operated for water supply |
DE8502327U1 (en) | 1985-01-30 | 1985-05-15 | Kuch, Alfred, Dr.-Ing., 7500 Karlsruhe | Device for cleaning a pipeline |
DE4428027A1 (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-15 | Spaene Kg R | Use of hydrogen sulfate as an acid component in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide for cleaning drinking water supply facilities |
DE4430870A1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-07 | Imhof Elisabeth | Cleaning system for water pipework |
DE19641629A1 (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1997-10-23 | Siemens Ag | Device for cleaning pipeline transporting dust-laden gases, e.g. combustion gases |
EP1302208A1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-16 | Ico Oleodinamici S.p.A. | Apparatus and process for drying and sterilising industrial plants |
DE20201782U1 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2002-07-11 | Eam Wasserversorgung Gmbh | Device for rinsing and cleaning a pipe, in particular a drinking water pipe |
DE10358253B4 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2009-12-31 | Aqua-Protect Gmbh | Process for the rehabilitation of incrusted water pipes with several pipe sections |
DE102008048710A1 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | Hammann Wasser-Kommunal Ingenieurgesellschaft für kommunale Dienstleistungen mbH | Method for removing biofilms and deposits from pipeline of water system for e.g. pig farming plant, involves penetrating gas blocks as consequences of liquid and gas flows by rinsing section, where blocks are escaped against flows |
DE102008056522A1 (en) | 2008-11-08 | 2010-05-12 | Hammann Wasser-Kommunal Ingenieurgesellschaft für kommunale Dienstleistungen mbH | Stationary device for cleaning pipes in building e.g. public building such as sports hall, has regulating valves provided in each individual line strand for optionally supplying pressure or discharging water to pipe |
DE102009026039A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-30 | Thomas Pfalz | System for cleaning and disinfection of e.g. pipes, has flushing pipe including liquid connector, where flushing pipe and compressed air connector are arranged in pipe attachment that is connected with pipe by adapter |
-
2013
- 2013-02-26 DE DE102013203156.4A patent/DE102013203156A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-02-18 EP EP14705496.9A patent/EP2961540B1/en active Active
- 2014-02-18 WO PCT/EP2014/053058 patent/WO2014131648A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014131648A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014131648A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
EP2961540B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
DE102013203156A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
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