EP2961293B1 - Fermeture à glissière - Google Patents

Fermeture à glissière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2961293B1
EP2961293B1 EP14723841.4A EP14723841A EP2961293B1 EP 2961293 B1 EP2961293 B1 EP 2961293B1 EP 14723841 A EP14723841 A EP 14723841A EP 2961293 B1 EP2961293 B1 EP 2961293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zip
slider according
slider
limbs
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14723841.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2961293A1 (fr
Inventor
Steven Smith
Luca CORDOVADO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
J&P Coats Ltd
Original Assignee
J&P Coats Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB201303719A external-priority patent/GB201303719D0/en
Priority claimed from GB201401876A external-priority patent/GB201401876D0/en
Application filed by J&P Coats Ltd filed Critical J&P Coats Ltd
Publication of EP2961293A1 publication Critical patent/EP2961293A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2961293B1 publication Critical patent/EP2961293B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • A44B19/30—Sliders with means for locking in position
    • A44B19/303—Self-locking sliders, e.g. slider body provided with locking projection or groove, friction means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • A44B19/262—Pull members; Ornamental attachments for sliders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • A44B19/30—Sliders with means for locking in position
    • A44B19/306—Sliders with means for locking in position in the form of a locking spring member actuated by the pull member
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/26—Sliders
    • A44B19/30—Sliders with means for locking in position
    • A44B19/308—Sliders with means for locking in position in the form of a spring-actuated locking member actuated by the pull member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a zip fastener, and more particularly to a zip slider.
  • a zip typically comprises two rows of mutually-opposing teeth.
  • the fastening action of the zip is achieved by interdigitating the teeth of opposing rows with each other, thereby causing the rows to knit together along their lengths.
  • This interdigitation is achieved by means of a zip slider.
  • Motion of the zip slider is guided along the length of the teeth by virtue of its engagement with the teeth.
  • the zip slider comprises a pair of channels through which opposing teeth pass when the slider is moved along the length of the zip; and it is by means of these channels that the teeth are forced into mutual engagement (or, in the case of un-zipping by reversing the motion of the slider relative to the teeth, disengagement) as the slider moves.
  • Motion of the zip slider is most usually powered manually.
  • a pull tab is typically pivotally mounted on the slider to enable easy gripping of the slider.
  • the present invention relates to a zip slider which comprises a detachable pull tab.
  • Detachable pull tabs that is to say pull tabs which may be applied to the zip slider after manufacture of the zip (and, where required, a garment in which the zip has been incorporated) are known per se.
  • US4570309 discloses a slide fastener having a body upon which a pull tab having a pintle is retained by a resilient pull tab retainer.
  • EP 1987730 , JP2131704 and GB 2165583 both show zip sliders with detachable pull tabs.
  • the present invention provides a zip slider comprising: a body having two channels through which opposing rows of zip teeth may be respectively fed into a single channel in which the zip teeth are forced into interdigitation; upper and lower jaw members mounted on the body and defining a slot between them; a biasing member, pivotally mounted on the body, and being pivotable in a first direction between a rest position and a deflected position, wherein pivoting of the biasing member out of the rest position permits insertion of a window section of a pull tab into to the jaws and, in the rest position, the biasing member prohibits removal of the pull tab from the jaws; a locking member, mounted to the body and having a prong which may retractably project through an aperture in the body and thereby engage the inter-digitated zip teeth; characterised in that: the biasing member bears against the locking member thereby to bias the prong into engagement with the zip teeth.
  • a slider comprises a body 10 having a base part 12 made of two mutually opposing plates 14, 16 which, in common with a standard zip slider, are formed to create two angled entry channels 18 into which the teeth of the two opposing parts of an unfastened zip (not shown) are fed.
  • the entry channels feed into a single mating channel 20 and, as the slider is moved along the zip the forces applied to the zip teeth by the side walls 22 of the plates 14 urge the teeth to interdigitate thereby to knit together and cause the zip to fasten when the zip slider is moved relative to the zip in the direction of arrow F in Fig. 4 or, when moved in the opposite direction, to disengage and cause the zip to unfasten.
  • movement of the slider relative to the zip teeth is actuated by means of a pull tab 100.
  • the slider has an upper body 40 (sometimes referred to as a 'bridge') mounted on the base 12 of the slider which, in conjunction with the upper plate 14 of the base 12 forms a pair of jaws 50 into which a window section 110 of the pull tab 30 may be inserted and by means of which the pull tab 100 may be retained on the slider 10.
  • the upper body 40 retains a locking member 60 which comprises a prong 62 that projects through an aperture 70 in the upper plate 14 and into the mating channel 20.
  • the locking member 60 is movable relative to the upper body 40 to provide for projection of the prong 62 into the mating channel 20 and retraction of the pawl out of the mating channel 20.
  • the locking member 60 is mounted on the upper body for pivoting motion relative to the upper body 40 about its point of contact 64 and by virtue of a clearance 66.
  • the prong is biased into a position where it projects into the mating channel 20 (and thereby into a position of engagement with the knitted zip teeth) by means of a biasing spring, which in the present embodiment is provided by a wire loop spring 80 having two limbs 82 which extend from a loop 84 at its base, which sits in a slot 67 formed in the locking member 60.
  • the loop spring 80 further has two spigots 86 which project outwardly from the upper ends of the limbs 82 and which extend into apertures 88 in the upper body 40 thereby to locate the spring in the upper body 40 in a manner permitting pivotal motion of the loop 84 at its lower extent relative to the upper body 40.
  • the spring is formed in such a manner that, when in its relaxed state, the limbs 82 of the spring extend at different angles from the loop 84 which, in turn, means that the two spigots 82 are offset relative to each other. Because, by contrast, the apertures 88 in the upper body lie in register with each other, when the spigots 86 are located in the apertures 88, the tendency of the wire spring to seek to adopt its relaxed configuration therefore has the effect of biasing the loop 84 of the spring to rotate anti-clockwise (as viewed in Fig. 4 ) about the points of engagement of the spigots 86 with the apertures 88.
  • the wire loop spring 80 performs the further function of retaining the pull tab 100 in engagement within the jaws 50.
  • the pull tab 100 has a window section 110 at one end which terminates in a substantially cylindrical bar 112. To connect the pull tab 100 to the slider the bar 112 of the window section 110 is inserted between the jaws 50.
  • the bar 112 first comes into contact with the limbs 82 of the loop spring, the surfaces of which are angled relative to the vertical as a result firstly of the rotational biasing action of the loop spring 80 and secondly engagement of the loop 84 in the slot 67 which therefore prevents further rotation of the limbs 82 and loop 84.
  • Further force applied to the pull tab 100 after it has come into contact with the limbs 82 of the wire spring 80 will act to cause the limbs 82 and loop 84 of the spring 80 to pivot in a clockwise direction (as viewed in Fig. 4 ) and thereby continue to permit insertion of the bar 112 into the jaws.
  • the locking member 60 Since the locking member 60 has only a limited capacity for movement in the reverse direction before it comes into contact with an abutting surface 74 on the upper plate 14, motion of the limbs 82 in the anti-clockwise direction is therefore limited, with the result that the limbs 82 therefore act to retain the pull tab 100 in engagement with the body 10 of the slider.
  • the pull tab 100 is therefore now securely retained in the jaws 50 so that pulling forces applied to the pull tab 100 by a user will cause the entire body 10 of the slider to move relative to the zip teeth and, thereby fasten or unfasten the zip.
  • the locking member 60 further comprises a recess 68. A fastening force, applied in the direction of arrow F, will cause the bar to bear against the groin 68A of the recess and this will have the effect, to some extent, of counteracting the biasing force applied by the wire spring 80 urging the pawl 62 into engagement with the zip teeth thereby enabling easier motion of the zip slider to fasten the zip.
  • an unfastening force applied by the pull tab 100 will initially cause the bar 112 to bear against the limbs 82 which will, in turn, urge the pawl 62 to bear more forcefully against the zip teeth and thereby act to prevent motion of the slider body 10 to unfasten the zip.
  • the bar 112 will be urged upwards by the angle of the limbs 82, and will then engage the upper limb 69 of the locking member. This will then have the effect of causing the prong 62 to lift away from the teeth so that further force applied by the pull tab 100, via the bar 112 will then unfasten the zip.
  • Removal of the pull tab may be undertaken, if desired, by inserting a suitable tool into the jaws 50 to displace the limbs 82 in a clockwise direction to a sufficient extent that the bar 112 may then pass back beyond the loop 84. This is a preferred method since it then enables easy re-insertion.
  • a suitable tool into the jaws 50 to displace the limbs 82 in a clockwise direction to a sufficient extent that the bar 112 may then pass back beyond the loop 84.
  • This is a preferred method since it then enables easy re-insertion.
  • the zip slider is a non-locking zip slider and, accordingly, there is no mechanism to lock the zip teeth in place relative to the slider body.
  • One embodiment of such a modification would simply be for the locking member 60 not to incorporate a prong 62 that projects onto the zip teeth.
  • Another embodiment would be for the upper plate of the body to be formed such that a suitable slot is formed within it, having a similar shape to that of the slot 67 in the locking member.
  • a slider comprises a body 200 having a base part 112 made of two mutually opposing upper and lower plates 114, 116 which, in conjunction with side walls 122, depending downwardly from the edges of the upper plate 114, are formed to create two angled entry channels which open onto the end 118 of the slider and into which the zip teeth (not shown) of the two opposing parts of an unfastened zip (not shown) are fed.
  • the entry channels feed into a single mating channel which opens onto end 120.
  • the slider has an upper body 140 (sometimes referred to as a 'bridge') mounted on the base of the slider which, in conjunction with the upper surface of the upper plate 114 of the base forms a pair of jaws into which a window section of the pull tab may be inserted and by means of which the pull tab may be retained on the slider.
  • an upper body 140 (sometimes referred to as a 'bridge') mounted on the base of the slider which, in conjunction with the upper surface of the upper plate 114 of the base forms a pair of jaws into which a window section of the pull tab may be inserted and by means of which the pull tab may be retained on the slider.
  • a zip slider will include a mechanism which operates to lock the position of the slider relative to the zip teeth.
  • this is a prong located on the zip slider and which projects into the mating channel to bear against the upper surface of the interdigitated zip teeth and, by virtue of that engagement, prohibit the relative motion of the slider and teeth.
  • any locking prong is desirably disengagable from the zip teeth in order to facilitate relative motion of the slider and zip teeth.
  • a locking prong 160 is provided at one end of an elongate, folded leaf spring 162.
  • the leaf spring is folded in such a manner as to create two functional elements: a locking element 164 which is configured in a G shaped configuration with the locking prong 160 as the downward facing tail of the G; and a C shaped biasing element 166 from the lower part of which the locking element 164 depends.
  • the biasing element 166 urges the locking prong 160 of the locking element 164 downwardly and into engagement with the interdigitated zip teeth.
  • the leaf spring 162 is retained on the upper body 140 by means of an end cap 142 which can be clipped into place after insertion of the leaf spring 162.
  • a pull tab (not shown) is retained within the jaws by means of a wire loop spring 180.
  • the loop spring has two limbs 182 which extend from a loop 184 at its base 186.
  • the loop spring 180 further has two spigots 188 which project outwardly from the upper ends of the limbs 182 and which extend into apertures 190 in the upper body 140 thereby to locate the spring in the upper body 114 in a manner permitting pivotal motion of the loop 184 at its lower extent relative to the upper body 114.
  • the spring 180 is formed in such a manner that, when in its relaxed state, the limbs 182 of the spring extend at different angles from the loop 184 which, in turn, means that the two spigots 188 are offset relative to each other.
  • the tendency of the wire spring 180 to seek to adopt its most relaxed configuration therefore has the effect of biasing the loop 184 of the spring 180 to rotate clockwise (as viewed in Fig. 13 ; anti clockwise in Figs. 8 and 9 ) about the points of engagement of the spigots 188 with the apertures 190.
  • This rotational biasing of the loop 184 causes it to bear against an abutting surface 200 (seen in Fig. 13 ) on the body of the slider.
  • connection of a pull tab therefore involves inserting the end of the pull tab between the jaws formed by the bridge 140 and upper surface of the body 114.
  • This motion causes the pull tab to bear against the limbs 182 of the loop spring 180, the facing surfaces of which are angled relative to the vertical as a result firstly of the rotational biasing action of the loop spring 180 and secondly engagement of the loop 184 with the surface 200 and, against the natural biasing action of the spring 180 arising as a result of the offset limbs 182, causes them and the loop 184 to rotate anti-clockwise in Fig. 13 (clockwise in Figs. 2 and 3 ).
  • the locking prong 160 In order to move relative to the zip teeth, the locking prong 160 must be disengaged from the zip teeth. This occurs as a result of the pulling action of the pull tab during unzipping. The action which is to be described can more readily be appreciated when viewing the section of Fig. 10 . Pulling of the pull tab perfectly horizontally against the loop spring causes it first to bear against the angled limbs 182 of the locking spring 180 whereupon it will ride up the angled surfaces of the limbs 182 and bear upwardly against the upper surface of the locking element 164.
  • a feature of the present embodiment is that the loop 184 of the spring 180 bears against an abutting surface 200 on the slider body and therefore no forces applied to the loop spring can cause any increase in force applied to the locking prong.
  • the locking element 164 and biasing element 166 are two separate structures.
  • the locking element 164 is formed as a relatively rigid monolithic metal structure (typically die cast from aluminium) and the biasing element is a leaf spring 166 which bears against a hook 168 in the rear of the locking element 164 and downwardly against a shoulder 169 in the upper surface of the locking element 164 to urge the locking prong 160 into engagement with the interdigitated teeth. Disengagement of the locking prong 160 occurs in precisely the same way as a result of the same mechanism as described previously in connection with Figs.7 to 10 .
  • a zip slider is provided without any locking capability.
  • the zip slider of this embodiment therefore merely includes the loop spring 180 to retain the pull tab.
  • removal of the pull tab may be undertaken, if desired, by inserting a suitable tool into the jaws to displace the limbs 182 to a sufficient extent that the bar of the pull tab may then pass back beyond the loop 184 whereupon the pull tab may be removed. This is a preferred method since it then enables easy re-insertion.
  • the embodiments of the present invention described above therefore provide the ability to latch a pull tab onto the slider yet with a simple and low-cost construction.
  • the ability to attach a pull tab to a slider in this way is advantageous for a number of reasons. It enables manufacturers to use different designs of pull tab in dependence upon the style of garment in which the zip is to be used, without having to purchase different zips in order to do so. Further, it permits the entire construction of the garment, including stitching and dyeing to be completed before attaching the pull tab, thereby minimising the risk of damage to the garment or zip slider as a result of the need to subject the zip with a pull tab attached to the rigours of those processes.

Claims (13)

  1. Une fermeture à glissière comprenant :
    un corps (10) avec deux passages (18) par lesquels les rangées opposées des dents de la fermeture peuvent passer respectivement dans une seule gorge (20) où les dents de la fermeture sont forcées à l'emboîtement ;
    des éléments de mâchoire inférieur et supérieur (50) montés sur le corps (10) et laissant une fente entre eux ;
    un élément inclinant (80), monté en pivot sur le corps (10) et pouvant pivoter dans une première direction entre une position au repos et une position inclinée, dans laquelle le pivotement de l'élément inclinant (80) à partir de la position de repos permet l'insertion de la partie évidée (110) de la tirette (100) dans les mâchoires (50) et, en position de repos, l'élément inclinant empêche la tirette (100) de sortir des mâchoires (50) ;
    un élément bloquant (60), monté sur le corps (10) et disposant d'un ergot (62) capable de faire passer, de manière rétractable, à travers une ouverture (70) dans le corps (10) et ainsi y faire s'engager les dents emboîtées de la fermeture ;
    caractérisés par le fait que :
    l'élément inclinant (80) repose contre l'élément bloquant (60) afin d'incliner l'ergot (62) pour qu'il s'engage dans les dents de la fermeture.
  2. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle l'élément inclinant est constitué par un ressort (80), monté en pivot sur l'un des éléments de la mâchoire.
  3. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 2, dans laquelle le ressort est constitué par une boucle (80) ayant deux brins (82) dont les extrémités s'engagent en pivot dans l'un des éléments de la mâchoire.
  4. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 3, dans laquelle le fil de la boucle (80) est formé avec ses brins (82) mutuellement décalés, donnant ainsi une inclinaison pivotante de la boucle par rapport au corps (10) quand les brins (82) sont rassemblés.
  5. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 2, dans laquelle chaque brin (82) est doté d'un raccord (86) à son extrémité et l'élément inclinant (80) est monté sur le corps (10) quand les raccords s'engagent dans les petits orifices (88) sur le corps (10).
  6. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 2, dans laquelle les brins (82) sont de même longueur.
  7. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 2, dans laquelle les brins (82) ont des longueurs différentes.
  8. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle, en position de repos, l'élément inclinant (80) repose contre le corps (10).
  9. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle l'élément bloquant est monté en pivot sur le corps et le pivotement de l'élément bloquant permet de faire passer l'ergot à l'intérieur et de retirer l'ergot de l'orifice.
  10. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle l'élément inclinant (80) est un ressort, monté en pivot sur l'un des éléments de mâchoire et reposant contre l'élément bloquant (60) à un endroit du ressort distant du pivot.
  11. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle l'élément inclinant (80) est monté en pivot sur l'élément supérieur de la mâchoire.
  12. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1" dans laquelle l'élément bloquant (60) est monté en pivot sur l'élément inférieur de la mâchoire.
  13. Une fermeture à glissière telle que définie à la déclaration 1, dans laquelle les dents de la fermeture passent à travers la gorge dans une première direction, définissant ainsi un axe vertical perpendiculaire à la première direction, et l'élément inclinant dispose d'une surface qui peut dévier en pivotant à partir de la position de repos pour augmenter l'angle de la surface par rapport à la verticale.
EP14723841.4A 2013-03-01 2014-03-03 Fermeture à glissière Active EP2961293B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201303719A GB201303719D0 (en) 2013-03-01 2013-03-01 Zip fastener
GB201401876A GB201401876D0 (en) 2014-02-04 2014-02-04 Zip slider
PCT/GB2014/000075 WO2014132022A1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2014-03-03 Fermeture à glissière

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2961293A1 EP2961293A1 (fr) 2016-01-06
EP2961293B1 true EP2961293B1 (fr) 2017-05-03

Family

ID=50490814

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14723841.4A Active EP2961293B1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2014-03-03 Fermeture à glissière

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20160007694A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2961293B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2514215A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014132022A1 (fr)

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FR3025246B1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2016-12-09 Snecma Roue aubagee a calages variables
JP3206107U (ja) * 2016-06-17 2016-09-01 Ykk株式会社 スライドファスナーのスライダーカバーおよびスライダーセット
EP3549477B1 (fr) * 2016-11-30 2023-03-29 YKK Corporation Curseur pour fermeture à glissière
TWI646914B (zh) * 2017-01-18 2019-01-11 中傳企業股份有限公司 拉鍊頭組合結構及其彈性件
TWI662914B (zh) * 2018-05-09 2019-06-21 大陸商濰坊中傳拉鏈配件有限公司 拉鍊頭組合結構及其連接套環
CN113633074B (zh) * 2021-08-18 2023-07-04 高梵(浙江)信息技术有限公司 一种组合式拉链头
CN113508967B (zh) * 2021-09-06 2023-07-28 高梵(浙江)信息技术有限公司 一种自锁式羽绒裤拉链头

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JPS58165805A (ja) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 ワイケイケイ株式会社 引手を着脱できるスライドフアスナ−用スライダ−
JPH0432974Y2 (fr) * 1986-12-19 1992-08-07
JPH02213302A (ja) * 1989-02-13 1990-08-24 Yoshida Kogyo Kk <Ykk> スライドファスナー用自動停止装置付スライダー
JP3589438B2 (ja) * 1997-05-16 2004-11-17 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 スライドファスナー用スライダー
FI110753B (fi) * 2001-05-17 2003-03-31 Turo Stenhaell Vetoketjun lukko
US6654988B1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2003-12-02 Roger C. Y. Chung Stoppable zipper slider capable of being reassembled with pull tab
US6735827B1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-05-18 Stenhaell Turo Slider for a zip fastener
JP4109618B2 (ja) * 2003-12-16 2008-07-02 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 自動停止装置付スライドファスナー用スライダー
PL1827159T3 (pl) * 2004-11-16 2008-10-31 Riri Sa Suwak do zamka błyskawicznego z wymiennym uchwytem
JP4799452B2 (ja) * 2007-03-16 2011-10-26 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 スライドファスナー用スライダー
CN201384131Y (zh) * 2009-01-23 2010-01-20 鸿兴实业股份有限公司 可以方便安装拉片的拉链头
CN202127920U (zh) * 2011-07-12 2012-02-01 上海海琛国际贸易有限公司 易换拉片的多功能拉链头
TWI489955B (zh) * 2012-05-29 2015-07-01 Chung Chwan Entpr Co Ltd 可換拉片的拉頭結構及其拉片更換方法
TWI556760B (zh) * 2014-11-12 2016-11-11 中傳企業股份有限公司 具有可更換式拉片的拉鍊頭組合結構

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2514215A (en) 2014-11-19
GB201403855D0 (en) 2014-04-16
US20160007694A1 (en) 2016-01-14
WO2014132022A1 (fr) 2014-09-04
EP2961293A1 (fr) 2016-01-06

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