EP2952643B1 - Shaped brick and full insulation brick - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a molded block. In particular, the present invention relates to a molded block for building structures having a substantially parallelepipedal outline, comprising an inner side, an outer side, two longitudinal sides, a lower side and an upper side, comprising at least two channel-like cavities parallel to each other inside the molded block, these being dependent on the Lead bottom to the top and are arranged substantially orthogonal to the bottom, wherein the molded block consists essentially of heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity of at most lambda = 0.08 W / mK. The molded block according to the invention is characterized in that there is a recess in the top of the block, which is bounded by the outside, the inside and the two longitudinal sides and the shape stone with a depth e in the range of 0.05 to 5 cm spared. The recess of the molded block according to the invention maintains a distance a to the outside of at least 5 cm, a distance b to the inside of at least 1 cm and a distance c to the longitudinal sides of at least 0.5 cm. The molded block according to the invention is further characterized in that the ratio between the total volume of the channel-like cavities and the total volume of the molded block reduced by the cavities and the recess is between 0.2 and 0.5, in particular at approximately 0.3.

Moreover, the present invention relates to a solid insulating stone and a manufacturing method for solid insulation stone and uses, especially in the field of building construction or civil engineering.

In the prior art numerous bricks have been described in general, in which typically embedded in cavities embedded insulation material to increase the insulating properties of the bricks contributes. Such brick, for example, under the name "Porotherm 50 Wi Plan", manufactured by Wienerberger commercially available. One similar brick is marketed by the company Pichler Aschach under the name "PIA Isokopf".

Moreover, the document relates AT 26 18 125 a formwork element of rigid foam intended for the casing concrete construction with transverse webs arranged on both abutment faces for connecting the side walls, which has at its bearing surfaces a tongue and groove formation for securing the position of displaced formwork elements.

The WO 2008/138377 A1 discloses components for a component set of expanded polypropylene EPP having a molded density of about 55 kg / m ³ . The components are in their basic form surface on surface butt-joined body having opening surfaces on these surfaces cavities, in the connecting body can be introduced. About the connecting body adjacent components can be connected together.

On the other hand, these bricks described in the prior art have the disadvantage that thermal bridges prevent efficient thermal insulation between the outside and inside of the walls made with the bricks. In addition, most of the bricks mentioned can only be produced by an inefficient and cost-intensive production method or have other disadvantages.

Starting from the above-described prior art, the inventors of the present invention, the task of providing improved molded bricks and solid insulation bricks, which can be easily and inexpensively produced on the one hand, and with their help, stable structures, such as walls and buildings can be produced , In particular, the bricks and solid insulation stones should also allow good thermal insulation between the inside and outside of the walls produced herewith. The stones should also be easy to transport in the application.

This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of the claims, as is apparent in particular from the experimental data and the embodiments.

According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a molded block for building structures. The molded block has a substantially cuboid outline. The molded block comprises an inner side, an outer side, two longitudinal sides, a lower side and an upper side. The molded block comprises at least two mutually parallel, channel-like cavities. These cavities lead from the bottom to the top and are arranged substantially orthogonal to the bottom. The molded block consists of thermal insulation material with a thermal conductivity of at most lambda = 0.08 W / mK. The molded block according to the invention is characterized in that there is a recess in the top of the molded block. This recess is limited by the outside, the inside and the two long sides. The recess saves the shaped stone with a depth e in the range of 0.05 to 5 cm. By such a recess a direct connection with the channel-like cavities is possible. This can lead to improved load transfer and increase the overall stability of built with the bricks structures. A recess according to this disclosure is any at least one side open groove or cavity of material on or within a molded block or solid insulation block. For example, cutouts, cuts, notches, grooves, grooves, bores, depressions or depressions are among the possible recesses mentioned in this disclosure. The recess of the molded block according to the invention maintains a distance a to the outside of at least 5 cm, a distance b to the inside of at least 1 cm and a distance c to the longitudinal sides of at least 0.5 cm. This provides a stable framework for further applications in accordance with other aspects of the invention, for example, to facilitate production of a solid insulation body. In addition, the large distance a to the outside of the block contributes to the thermal insulation, which may be possible to dispense with further insulation under certain circumstances. The molded block according to the invention is further characterized in that the ratio between the total volume of channel-like cavities and reduced around the cavities and the recess total volume of the block is between 0.2 and 0.5, in particular at about 0.3. Thus, the molded block simultaneously provides the necessary cavities for a subsequent stabilization, as well as a high insulation performance by the prevention of thermal bridges. Thermal bridges, in accordance with this disclosure, are all areas in components or similar items that transport heat faster than adjacent components or objects. Thermal bridges are commonly found in balconies, roller shutters, masonry soles, window frames and lintels, radiator fixings in masonry, radiator niches, ceiling joints, in-house corners, uninsulated reinforced concrete structures, and overhanging steel girders.

In general, the value for lambda refers to a temperature of 0 ° C and a normal humidity. A molded block with the above-mentioned features can be procedurally easier and cheaper to produce than a molded block according to the prior art. The channel-like cavities or the recess can be milled, drilled, ground, melted or cut into the shaped block. Due to the low weight of the molded block is relatively handy and easy to store or move. The molded block typically consists of a water-repellent material, which significantly simplifies storage, transport and logistics.

The solid insulation brick preferably has no joints between load-bearing and cast-in material and the thermal insulation composite system. This reduces the risk of uncontrolled condensation and uncontrolled air circulation.

A shaped brick according to this disclosure is any brick that can be used to build walls or structures. The molded block consists of one or more thermal insulation materials. Thermal conductivity according to this disclosure is the thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity Lamdba, measured as SI unit in watts per Kelvin and per meter. In other words, lambda describes the material property of conducting heat. Thermal insulation material according to this disclosure is any material which the penetration or propagation or the penetration of thermal energy difficult, with a thermal conductivity of highest lambda = 0.08 W / mK, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.06 W / mK and particularly preferably in the range of 0.03 to 0.05 W / mK. Examples are airgel, foam glass, glass foam granules, mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene with graphite, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyethylene foams, wool, cork, reed plate, cellulose, Holzfaserdämmplatte, straw bales, perlite, wood wool lightweight panels, vacuum insulation panels, Aerowool , Calostat, felt, sawdust, charcoal, balsam wool, polyester fleece, sheep's wool, cellulose plates, hemp mats, tubular piston insulation boards as well as foams or porous systems of rubber, poroton, loam, PET, polyimides, PEI, PTFE, PVC, polyamides, polypropylene, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, Called PMMA, polyethylene and silicone. Furthermore, as a thermal insulation material, a mixture of the above materials. For example, the thermal insulation material may be a mixture consisting of polyurethane and a material selected from airgel, foam glass, glass foam granules, mineral wool, polystyrene with graphite, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyethylene foams, wool, cork, reed plate, cellulose, wood fiber insulation board , Straw bales, perlite, wood wool lightweight panels, vacuum insulation panels, aerowool, Calostat, felt, sawdust, charcoal, balsam wool, polyester fleece, sheep's wool, cellulose plates, hemp mats, Rohrkolbendämmplatten and foams or pore-containing systems of rubber, poroton, clay, PET, polyimides, PEI, PTFE, polyamide, polyamide, polypropylene, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, PMMA, polyethylene and silicone Poroton or with pure glass foam. Particularly preferably, the thermal insulation material is selected from the group consisting of Styrofoam, Neopor, cork, polyethylene foams, mineral wool, Holzfaserdämmplatten or mixtures of these materials. Materials such as Styrofoam and Neopor are particularly inexpensive to buy, are easy to work with, weatherproof and durable. Some of the materials are also recyclable. Mineral wool can be obtained in an environmentally friendly way from recycled glass, is non-combustible and resistant to mildew and rot. Due to the high thermal stability, liquid filling material can be used in further work steps be heated, whereby the curing can be significantly accelerated. Cork is obtained as a natural product, has a high dimensional stability and elasticity and is resistant to pests and moisture. Wood fiber insulation panels are made of debarked residual wood in an environmentally friendly manner and bonded with wood-grade resin. In addition, they have a moisturizing effect and have a high specific heat capacity, which provides extended thermal protection. As a thermal insulation material, any combination of said materials is used. Channel-like cavity according to this disclosure describes any cavity in the form of a channel. Examples of channels include lines, tubes or other three-dimensional hollow body, within which at least one fluid can move.

According to a preferred implementation, the molded block can be divided parallel to the longitudinal sides into two subunits of equal size. Typically, the channel-like cavities are not damaged when dividing the molded block. As a result, the construction of an offset wall and the design of various shapes without loss of stability are possible.

According to a preferred implementation, the shaped block can be divided parallel to the longitudinal sides into two or more similarly sized subunits. Typically, the channel-like cavities are not damaged when dividing the molded block. Through the intact channel-like cavities and subunits of the molded block can be further processed. This saves resources and costs.

According to a preferred implementation, the channel-like cavities can be the same size or unequal dimensioned. The multiple use of the same tool or the same device is possible in order to save time and costs. Equal dimensioned according to this disclosure are all channel-like cavities whose shapes are congruent to each other, ie these forms can be converted by parallel displacement, rotation, mirroring or concatenation of these operations into each other. Examples of equally sized shapes are two or more Cylinder with identical base, which has an identical geometric basic shape, and identical lateral surface.

According to a preferred implementation, there are substantially no thermal bridges from the outside to the inside due to the arrangement or orientation of the channel-like cavities. It is advantageous here that the complete insulation of a wall or building manages without additional steps.

According to a second aspect, the invention involves the production of a solid insulation block. Essentially, the production comprises the following steps. In a step a), the method comprises the provision of a molded block according to the first aspect of the invention. In a step b) takes place the partial or complete filling of the cavities of the molded block with at least one filler. In a step c), if appropriate, the production of the solid insulating block can take place while the at least one filling material is allowed to harden. The solid insulation stone can be manufactured close to the factory and used on the construction site without further processing. The filling with filling material in step b) can be done by pouring, spreading, shaking, pumping, plugging or foaming. In contrast to current heat-insulating systems, the subsequent cladding or the incorporation of one or more insulation materials or the filling of insulating formwork with liquid concrete can be omitted. In addition, the filling materials are protected by the cast stone casing from extreme temperature fluctuations, moisture and weather, whereby a longer integrity of these materials can be achieved. Due to the spatial separation of the individual Füllmaterialienäulen buffers the applied thermal insulation material occurring expansions and shrinkages of the filler due to temperature fluctuations or moisture-induced swelling. This weak points of known wall systems, such as tensile stresses and resulting cracking prevented. A solid insulating brick according to this disclosure is any brick that can be used to build walls or structures while having a high insulating property. A filler according to this disclosure is any material that is suitable Fill cavities partially or completely. Examples of fillers are concrete, liquid concrete, cement, expanded concrete, loam, chipboard, reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete or concrete mixtures, which are filled in the cavities, vibrated, pumped or mashed and may then be cured. In addition, all the mold negatives of the cavities are suitable to fill these, for example, from calcined clay, limestone, limestone, cement, concrete, pumice, gypsum, plastic, expanded concrete, clay, wood, chipboard, plastic, reinforced concrete, steel, iron, reinforced concrete or expandable shale. Negatives correspond in form and size to the cavities to be filled. Particular preference is given to concrete use. Concrete can be pumped, poured or vibrated liquid to viscous into the cavities, and binds with time dimensionally accurate and dimensionally stable. In addition, concrete is inexpensive to buy, durable and offers high stability, in particular a high compressive strength. In addition, the properties of concrete can be modified by choice of binder, aggregate and possible addition of other additives as required.

A method of making structures may include a step a) of providing a plurality of solid insulation bricks according to previous aspects of the invention. In a step b), the stacking of the solid insulation stones can be done while building a structure.

According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the molded brick or the solid insulation brick can be used inter alia in the field of building construction or civil engineering, in particular for the construction of a thermally insulated wall or a thermally insulated building. Building construction according to this disclosure relates to the erection of all structures above the off-road. Called production building. Civil engineering according to this disclosure is the construction of structures below the off-road. The solid insulation stone is suitable for erecting a wide variety of building types, for example single-family homes, solid houses, prefabricated houses, low-energy and passive houses, bungalows, terraced houses, semi-detached houses or even parts of houses and extensions. The solid insulating stone prevents the loss of heat through a wall, for example, in buildings in temperate or subpolar climates. In addition, the solid insulating stone also insulates the penetration of heat into a building, for example in buildings in subtropical or tropical areas or in buildings with reduced temperature, such as fish halls or cold storage.

Brief description of the figures

Hereinafter, by way of example and not limitation, certain particular embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The particular embodiments are merely illustrative of the general inventive concept, but do not limit the invention.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Aufsicht auf den Formstein gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
• Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch den Formstein gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung parallel zu den Längsseiten.
• Fig. 3 perspektivisch die beiden identischen Hälften des Formsteins gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung nach dem Teilen.
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch den Vollisolationsstein gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung parallel zu Innen- und Außenseite und durch eine Reihe kanalartiger Hohlräume.

In the particular embodiments:

• Fig. 1 a perspective view of the molded block according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 2 a cross section through the shaped block according to a possible embodiment of the invention parallel to the longitudinal sides.
• Fig. 3 in perspective, the two identical halves of the molded block according to a possible embodiment of the invention after the parts.
• Fig. 4 a cross section through the solid insulating stone according to a possible embodiment of the invention parallel to the inside and outside and through a series of channel-like cavities.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the molded block 1. In this example, the block is a cuboid body of a material mentioned in Table 1 with a thermal conductivity Lambda of less than 0.08 W / mK. Thermal insulation material Lambda [W / mK] polystyrene 0.03 - 0.05 Neopor 0.032 polyethylene foams 0.034-0.04 mineral wool 0.032 - 0.05 cork 0.035-0.046 fibreboards 0.04-0.06

The molded block comprises an inner side 10, an outer side 20, two longitudinal sides 30a, 30b, a lower side 40 and an upper side 50. In addition, the shaped block comprises in this example 12 mutually parallel, channel-like cavities 60 within the molded block 1. These are procedurally with a tool in the form of circular channels 60 perpendicular to the top 50 and milled to the bottom 40 in the form of stone. In addition, a rectangular recess 55 is milled in the top 50. The circular channels 60 open into the recess 55. By filling the two cavities 60 and the recess 55 with concrete 70, which is subsequently festgerüttelt and cured, one obtains a solid insulating stone 100th

Fig. 2 shows the shaped block 1 as a cross section parallel to the two longitudinal sides 30a, 30b. Clearly visible are the recess 55 and the circular cavities 60, which completely pass through the molded block to the bottom 40. By connecting the cavities 60 with the recess 55, the entire cavity can be very easily filled in subsequent steps and transferred into the solid insulation brick 100. For viscous fillings, the recess 55 provides a reservoir and allows the procedurally simple shaking or infiltration of these viscous materials 70 in the circular cavities 60th

Fig. 3 shows in perspective the two identical halves 80a, 80b of the molded block 1 after splitting. The two parts 80a, 80b are of identical size, but mirrored to each other. By the division and the recess 55 is divided into two units. The circular cavities 60 remain at the pitch Undamaged, later filling the individual halves with concrete 70 is not a problem. The molded block 1 can also be divided in other specific ratios without the individual cavities 60 are damaged. This feature allows a variety of staggered structures without the resulting structure is unstable. It can also save resources and money and be environmentally friendly.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a solid insulating brick 100 parallel to inside 10 and outside 20 and through a series of concrete columns. In this case, the inner structure of a solid insulating stone 1 can be seen. In addition to two parallel outer walls this consists of the outside to the inside of a thick insulation layer to the outside, in Fig. 4 not to be seen, a combination of insulation material and concrete columns in the middle and a slightly thicker insulation layer inside. In addition, at the top is the concrete slab, which is created by completely filling the previous recess 55 with concrete. By stacking these stones can build a wall, which is stabilized by composite materials such as mortar. Depending on the application, a wall made of solid insulation bricks can take over the complete thermal insulation protection of a wall or building with thicker insulation layers inside and outside. The power transmission within a wall runs evenly from a solid insulation stone to the next lower solid insulation stones. The force is transferred to a concrete slab via the concrete columns connected to this concrete slab. These columns transfer the force to the concrete slab of the next lower full insulation block until the last row of solid insulation blocks completes the uniform transfer to the foundation. The wall can be modified directly afterwards with slots for pipes and pipes and finally plastered.

The finished wall is free of thermal bridges and has very good insulation properties with high stability.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

cast stone

10

inside

20

outside

30a, 30b

long side

40

bottom

50

top

55

recess

60

channel-like cavities

70

filling material

80a, 80b

Subunits of the form stone

100

Full insulation Stone

Claims (6)

1. A moulded brick for the construction of buildings having a substantially parallelepipedal contour, comprising an inner side (10), an outer side (20), two longitudinal sides (30a, 30b), a lower side (40) and an upper side(50), comprising inside of the moulded brick at least two channel-like cavities (60) arranged in parallel, extending from the lower side (40) to the upper side (50) and arranged substantially orthogonally to the lower side (40),
   wherein the moulded brick consists essentially of a heat insulation material having a thermal conductivity not exceeding lambda = 0.08 W/mK, characterized in that a recess (55) is situated in the upper side (50), said recess being delimited by the outer side (20), inner side (10) and the two longitudinal sides (30a, 30b), wherein the recess is recessed in the moulded brick with a depth e ranging from 0.05 to 5 cm, and wherein the recess (55) is located from the outer side (20) at a distance a of least 5 cm, from the inner side (10) at a distance b of at least 1 cm and from the longitudinal sides (30a, 30b) at a distance c of at least 0.5 cm, and wherein the ratio of the total volume of the channel-like cavities (60) and the total volume of the molded brick, reduced by the volumes of the cavities (60) and the recess (55), is between 0.2 and 0.5, in particular is 0.3.
2. The moulded brick according to claim 1, wherein the moulded brick may be divided in parallel to the longitudinal sides (30a, 30b) into two subunits (80a, 80 b) of equal size without damaging the channel-like cavities (60).
3. The moulded brick according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the channel-like cavities (60) are dimensioned equally or are dimensioned differently.
4. Solid insulation brick (100), obtainable by the following steps:

   (a) providing a moulded brick (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,

   (b) filling, partially or completely, the cavities (55, 60) of the moulded brick with at least one filling material (70), and

   (c) optionally, allowing the at least one filling material (70) to cure for providing the solid insulation brick (100).
5. A method of constructing a building comprising the following, successive steps:

   (a) providing a plurality of solid insulation blocks (100) according to claim 4,

   (b) stacking the solid insulation blocks (100), thereby constructing a building.
6. Use of the moulded brick (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or according to claim 4 in building or civil engineering, in particular for constructing a thermally insulated wall or a thermally insulated building.

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