EP2951364B1

EP2951364B1 - Building system for the construction industry

Info

Publication number: EP2951364B1
Application number: EP14707229.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Francesco CENZON
Original assignee: Building Service Di Cenzon Francesco E Pomini Giorgio SNC
Current assignee: Building Service Di Cenzon Francesco E Pomini Gior
Priority date: 2013-01-29
Filing date: 2014-01-29
Publication date: 2018-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2034-01-29
Also published as: EP2951364A1; WO2014118713A1

Description

The present invention refers, in general, to a building system for the construction industry. More particularly, the present invention refers to a system for coupling one or more beams to a pillar, which converge to a point called "wet knot" as formed by a completion jet that solidarizes the various elements so as to form a single body, which is typical of the civil structures in work.
In the construction industry, in particular for the construction of industrial buildings, prefabricated structures are used to speed up the construction of said buildings and reduce the costs of construction.
Accordingly, an effort has been made to apply these techniques even in the construction of buildings for civil use so as to take advantage of the above-mentioned expedients.
However, the utilization of said techniques involves some drawbacks, in particular as regards the aesthetic issue.
For the coupling of beams to pillars by means of prefabricated structures, the prior art involves placing beams on shelves that are obtained on pillars; in other terms, the ends of the beams rest on shelves that are provided on the pillars.
Once the beams have been disposed on the shelves and the space between the beams has been completed by disposing the elements necessary for the realization of the floor, the cementitious material is cast so as to obtain a single body.
In so doing, once the work has been concluded, the shelves remain still visible below the floor but the result is not very pleasant from an aesthetic point of view and is often cumbersome.
Another problem in coupling pillar and beam derives from a lack of stability and safety in the coupling; in fact, the beams are simply supported on the shelves and the connection is not completely stable until the casting has occurred.
An aim of the present invention is to remove the above mentioned disadvantages and others by carrying out a construction system that is practical and fast through the use of prestressed structures, and also applicable in the construction of civil buildings and not only industrial buildings.
Another aim of the present invention is to carry out a construction system in order to obtain an aesthetically pleasant coupling of one or more beams to a pillar.
Another aim of the present invention is to carry out a construction system that is safe not only when the construction is finished, but also during the phases of construction of the building.
WO 2006/004414 A1 discloses a building system with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
The above aims and others are achieved with the features of claim 1. In addition, the building system according to the invention provides that once the one or more beams have been fixed to the pillar, a cementitious material is cast on the coupling of the one or more beams to the pillar so that the structure is made solid.
Essentially, the building system according to the invention involves the coupling of one or more prefabricated beams to a pillar preliminarily by means of a mechanical connection without the need to have a shelf on the pillar for the support of the beams, and subsequently by means of a solidarization of said coupling with a completion jet so as to simulate the same static behavior of the structures in work by using prefabricated elements.
In fact, this system allows to obtain all the advantages of the prefabrication as concerns the realization of the elements and the assembly, as well as all the advantages of the buildings in work, once the "wet knot", typical of the structures in work, has been completed.
By using the construction system according to the invention it is possible to avoid the presence of shelves on the pillar for the support of the beams, which improves considerably the aesthetics. Besides, the beam-pillar coupling is safer than the prior art through the internal sliding element inserted and resting in the respective support. In the construction system according to the invention the at least one beam comprises a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion, wherein the first longitudinal portion is disposed under the second longitudinal portion; the at least one retractable shelf being comprised at the end of the second longitudinal portion; at least one bar with threaded free end being comprised along the second longitudinal portion so as to fix a connecting bar by screwing it in said at least one bar for the connection with at least one further beam. Advantageously, the building system according to the invention may provide that the seat obtained in the one or more supports comprises a tooth and that the internal sliding element comprises a blade in which at least one recess is formed so that once the blade has been received in the seat, the blade is locked in position by means of the tooth inserted in the recess. This fixing method allows that the blade may not move unintentionally and consequently, the coupling is made even safer.
Besides, the one or more supports may comprise a C-shaped plaque having a horizontal lower portion, a horizontal upper portion and a vertical lateral portion in which a through opening is forme.
Advantageously, a continuity bar may be connected with an end to a connecting bar of a first beam and with the opposite end to a connecting bar of a second beam. In this way, the building system according to the invention allows to have not only a connection between beam and pillar, but also between beams joined to the pillar in the same knot.
Advantageously, it is possible to dispose a housing above the first longitudinal portion, in continuity with the second longitudinal portion in order to facilitate the casting of cementitious material on the knot formed by the pillar and the one or more beams.
Besides, the first longitudinal portion may be disposed laterally to the second longitudinal portion in order to reduce the height of the beam, in particular for civil aplications, according to a non claimed embodiment.
The building system according to the invention may provide also that in at least one beam, at least one seat is obtained laterally to receive an end of a joist for floor.
At least one end of the joist may comprise an extensible element comprising a movable bracket adapted to go out of the extensible element to rest on a seat of the one or more beams.
Further features and details of the invention will be understood from the following description, supplied as a non-restricting example, as well as from the attached drawings wherein:

figure 1 is a side view of a building system according to the invention, comprising a pillar and two beams coupled to the pillar;
figures 2, 3, 4 are axonometric views of elements allowing the coupling of a beam to a pillar;
figures 5, 6 are a sectional front view and a sectional top view of a pillar used in the building system according to the invention;
figures 7, 8 are a sectional top view and a sectional side view of the beam end to be coupled to a pillar according to the building system of the invention;
figures 9, 10 are axonometric views of the building system, namely, the coupling of the beams to a pillar, before and after the cast that stabilizes the coupling, respectively;
figures 11, 12 are axonometric views of variants of application of the building system according to the invention;
figure 13 is an axonometric view of a building system according to a first variant of the invention;
figure 14 is a sectional side view of the building system in figure 13;
figure 15 is an axonometric view of an element used in the building system in figure 13;
figure 16 is a side view of a building system according to a second variant of the invention;
figure 17 is a sectional side view of the building system in figure 16;
figures 18, 19 are a sectional front view and a sectional top view of a pillar used in the building system in figure 16;
figures 20, 21 are a sectional top view and a sectional side view of a beam end to be coupled to a pillar according to the building system in figure 16;
figures 22, 23 are axonometric views of the building system in figure 16, before and after the cast stabilizing the coupling, respectively;
figures 24, 26 are an axonometric view and a top view of a floor included in the building system according to the invention, respectively;
figure 25 is an axonometric view of an element allowing the realization of the floor in figure 24;
figure 27 is an axonometric view of a building system according to the invention, namely, a coupling of beams to a pillar, shaped so as to support a floor according to figures 24, 26;
figure 28 is a sectional top view of a pillar for the realization of the building system in figure 27;
figure 29 is an axonometric view of a building system according to figure 27, comprising also the floor;
figure 30 is a side view of a building system improved according to another variant of the invention, comprising a pillar and two beams coupled to the pillar;
figure 31 is a sectional side view of the improved building system of the invention according to the plane A-A in figure 30;
figure 32 is sectional side view of the improved building system of the invention according to the plane B-B in figure 30;
figures 33, 34 are a top view and a side view of a beam included in the improved building system of the invention;
figure 35 is a top view of the pillar at the connecting node to the beams;
figures 36, 37 are axonometric views of the improved building system in figure 30, namely, the coupling of the beams to a pillar before and after the cast stabilizing the coupling, respectively;
figures 38, 39, 40 are a front view, a side view and an axonometric views of elements allowing the coupling of a bean to a pillar, respectively;
figure 41 is a top view of a plate utilized in the pillar in figure 30;
figures 42, 43, 44 are side views of tubular elements adapted to connect the two beams of the improved building system in figure 30 to each other;
figure 45 is a top view of an improved building system according to another variant of the invention in which four beams are coupled to a pillar;
figure 46 is a top view of the pillar utilized in the improved building system in figure 45 at the connecting node to the beams;
figures 47, 48 are axonometric views of the improved building system in figure 45, namely, the coupling of the beams to a pillar before and after the cast stabilizing the coupling;
figure 49 is a side view of an improved building system according to another variant of the invention, comprising a pillar and two beams coupled to the pillar;
figure 50 is a sectional top view of the improved building system in figure 49 according the plane B-B in figure 49;
figure 51 is a sectional side view of the improved building system in figure 49 according to plane A-A in figure 49;
figures 52, 53 are a top view and a side view of a beam included in the improved building system in figure 49, respectively;
figure 54 is a top view of the pillar in figure 49 at the connecting node to the beams;
figures 55, 56 are axonometric views of the improved building system in figure 49, namely, the coupling of the beams to a pillar before and after the cast stabilizing the coupling, respectively;
figures 57, 58, 59 are a front view, a side view and an axonometric view of elements allowing the coupling of a beam to a pillar, respectively;
figures 60, 61, 62 are side views of tubular elements adapted to connect the beams to each other in the improved building system in figure 49;
figure 63 is an axonometric view of a plate utilized in the pillar in figure 49;
figures 64 and 67 are a lateral view and an axonometric view of an improved building system according to another variant of the invention, comprising a wooden floor, respectively;
figure 65 is a sectional front view according to the section plane A-A in figure 64;
figure 66 is an axonometric view of a bracket adapted to allow the coupling of the wooden floor to the prefabricated beams.

With reference to the accompanying figures, number 10 denotes generically a building system which is exemplified in figure 1 in the coupling of a prefabricated pillar 12 to a first prefabricated beam 14 and a second prefabricated beam 16.
As also represented in figures 5, 6, the prefabricated pillar 12 comprises an upper portion 18 and a lower portion 22, both portions being made of reinforced concrete. The two portions are separated by an empty area 20 and are connected to each other through a longitudinal reinforcement. An iron rod of the longitudinal reinforcement is denoted by the reference number 24.
Besides, both portions 18, 22 of the pillar 12 comprise pillar brackets. One of said brackets is denoted by the reference number 26. Said brackets are included in the reinforcement of the pillar 12 .
The lower face of the upper portion 18 as well as the upper face of the lower portion 22 of the pillar 12 are delimited by respective plates 28, 30 which are perforated to allow the passage of the longitudinal reinforcement.
The upper part of the lower portion 22 of the pillar 12 comprises two pillar housings 32 one of which is represented in figure 3. Said pillar housings are disposed on two opposite side faces of the lower portion 18 so that each pillar housing shows a slot 38 to the outside.
Each pillar housing 32 comprises a perforated plaque 34 in which the slot 38 is formed and which is applied on a box element 36. The slot 38 is raised with respect to the cavity formed in the box element 36 so as to form a tooth 35.
The first beam 14, homologous to the second beam 16 and represented singly in the figures 7, 8, comprises a lower portion 40 and an upper portion 42, both portions are made of reinforced concrete.
Both the width and the length of the lower portion 40 are less than the lower portion 40 so that once the first beam 14 has been mounted on the pillar 12, only the lower portion 40 is adjacent to the pillar 12.
The upper portion 42 comprises bars 44 which are threaded at their ends to allow the coupling to threaded connecting bars 46.
The upper portion 42 comprises beam brackets 48 which protrude superiorly where the upper portion 42 is not present. In addition, the lower portion 40 receives, in its end, a beam housing 50, represented singly in figure 2.
The beam housing 50 comprises a box element 52 in which a slot 54 is formed superiorly, a rod 56 being fixed to said box element. A perforated plaque 58 is joined to the face of the beam housing 50, opposite to the rod 56. Said perforated plaque 58 is placed coplanar to the side face of the lower portion 40 of the first beam 14, said side face being placed adjacent to the pillar 12.
A blade 60 is received in the beam housing 50 so as to slide, a first recess 62 being formed in the lower part and at an end of said blade 60 and a second recess 64 being formed in the upper part and at the opposite end of said blade 60. The second recess 64 is disposed adjacent to the slot 54 of the beam housing 50.
The second beam 16 is not described since it has the same features and the same elements as the first beam 14.
At first, the coupling of the first beam 14 and second beam 16 to the pillar 12 occurs dry: the end of the lower portion 40 of the first beam 14, which end receives the beam housing 50, is placed adjacent to one of the pillar housings 32; the same applies to the second beam 16 in respect to the other pillar housing 32.
Essentially, the perforated plaque 58 of each beam housing 50 is disposed in front of the lower portion 22 and essentially in abutment with the perforated plaque 34 of the pillar housing 32.
At the beginning, the blade 60 is completely received in the beam housing 50.
Then, an operator moves the blade 60 by using a stick or similar object that is inserted through the slot 54 in the same beam housing 50 so as to enter the second recess 64. In this way, the operator causes the blade to go out of the beam housing 50 so that the blade 60 is inserted in the slot 38 of the pillar housing 32 as long as the tooth 35 has not entered the first recess 62 of the blade 60.
Then, the operator screws threaded connecting bars 46 to the threaded bars 44 received in the upper portion 42 of the beams 14, 16. Besides, the same connecting bars 46 of each beam 14, 16 are connected to each other by means of continuity bars 66 whose ends are fixed to the connecting bars 46.
At this point, the dry coupling of the two beams 14, 16 to the pillar 12 is completed, as represented in figure 9 and it is possible to proceed with the casting of concrete, indicated in figures 1 and 10 with reference number 68.
The building system 10 according to the invention, in the application just described, consists of the connection of two beams 14, 16 to a pillar 12, the two beams 14, 16 being disposed on opposite sides of the pillar 12.
Obviously, the building system may be applied by forming different geometries; for instance, as represented in figure 12, a building system 70 provides that a first beam 72 and a second beam 74 are fixed to a pillar 76 according to an angle of 90 degrees. The pillar 76 provides that the respective pillar housings are disposed on the pillar sides interested by the coupling with the two beams 72, 74.
Likewise, as represented in figure 11 according to a similar building system 80, four beams 78, 82, 84 86 may be fixed to a pillar 76, said beams being orthogonal to each other.
According to a variant of the invention as represented in figures 13, 14, a building system 90 comprises a pillar 88 to which a first beam 92 and a second beam 94 are fixed as in the building system 10. In this connection, the elements in the building system 90 that are equal to those included in the building system 10 are not described and represented in the figures.
Unlike the building system 10, in the case of the building system 90 in question, the lower portion 91 of the beams 92, 94 is considerably wider than the upper portion 93 and wider than the pillar 88, as clearly visible in figure 14.
This feature allows that a corrugated, housing 95 that makes the knot formed by pillar and beams even more stable when casting the cementitious material may be arranged in the uncovered part of the upper portion 93 of the beams 92, 94.
According to another variant of the invention, reference number 110 denotes generically a building system that comprises, as the previously described building system 1, a prefabricated pillar 112 with a first prefabricated beam 114 and a second prefabricated beam 116 as represented in figure 16.
As it appears also from figures 18, 19, the prefabricated pillar 112 comprises an upper portion 118 and a lower portion 122, both portions being made of reinforced concrete, separated by an intermediate zone 120 and connected to each other through a longitudinal reinforcement. An iron rod of the longitudinal reinforcement is denoted by the reference number 124.
Besides, both portions 118, 122 of the pillar 112 comprise pillar brackets. One of said brackets is denoted by the reference number 126. Said brackets are included in the reinforcement of the pillar 112.
The lower face of the upper portion 118 as well as the upper face of the lower portion 122 of the pillar 112 are delimited by respective plates 128, 130 which are perforated to allow the passage of the longitudinal reinforcement.
The intermediate zone 120 of the pillar 112 receives four pillar housings 132 which are equal to the pillar housing 32 described previously and represented in figure 3; two pillar housings 132 are disposed on a side face of the pillar 112 while the other two pillar housings 132 are disposed on the opposite face of the pillar 112 so that the slots of the four pillar housings face the outside.
The first beam 114, homologous to the second beam 116 and represented singly in the figures 20, 21, comprises a lower portion 140 which is made of reinforced concrete and forms a hollow seat 142.
The upper portion 140 comprises bars 144 which are disposed along the whole beam 114; some bars 144 end at the hollow seat 142 and have a threaded end to allow the coupling to threaded connecting bars 146.
The portion 140 comprises beam brackets 148 which protrude superiorly. In addition, the portion 140 receives two beam housings 150 which are disposed at the two sides of the portion 140 and face the free end of the beam 114. These beam housings 150 are analogous to the beam housing 50, shown individually in figure 2.
The second beam 116 is not described as it has the same features and the same elements as the first beam 114.
Like the building system 10, at first, the coupling of the first beam 114 and second beam 116 to the pillar 112 occurs dry: the end of the portion 140 of the first beam 114, which end receives the beam housings 150, is placed adjacent to the two pillar housings 132 provided on a side of the pillar 112; the same applies to the second beam 116 in respect to the other pillar housings 132.
At the beginning, all the blades 160 are completely received in the respective beam housings 150, according to the preceding description concerning the building system 10: the operator causes the blades 160 to go out of the beam housings 150 so that the blades 160 are inserted in the corresponding slots of the pillar housings 132 causing the coupling of the teeth of the pillar housings 132 with the recesses 162 of the blades 160.
Then, the operator screws threaded connecting bars 146 to the threaded bars 144 received in the portion 140 of the beams 114, 116 and connects said bars with suitable connecting means.
At this point, the dry coupling of the two beams 114, 116 to the pillar 112 is completed, as represented in figure 22 and it is possible to proceed with the casting of concrete, indicated in figures 16 and 23 with reference number 168.
The building system 110 according to the invention, in the application just described, consists of the connection of two beams 114, 116 to a pillar 112, the two beams 114, 116 being disposed on opposite sides of the pillar 112 and having a reduced height in respect to the beams 14, 16 in the building system 10.
Like the building system 10, also the building system 110 may be applied to form various different geometries by fixing beams to the pillar 112, said beams being disposed according to the construction requirements.
As it appears from figures 24 and 29, the building system according to the invention allows to carry out the floor similarly to the coupling of the beams to the pillar.
As it appears from figures 24, 26, a beam 214 comprises a portion 240 in reinforced concrete in which a front seat 242 is formed, this seat being analogous and having analogous functions to the seat 142 of the first beam 114 of the building system 110.
Besides, lateral seats 244 are formed in the portion 240 and act as a support for joists 246 of the floor. More precisely, each joist 246 comprises an extensible element 248, represented individually in figure 25, comprising a box body 250 from which a bracket 252 may go out frontally through a slot 254 formed in the box body 250.
In other terms, each joist 246 is approached to the beam 214 adjacent to the corresponding lateral seat 244, and the bracket 252 comes out and is supported on the lower part of the lateral seat 244.
The various joists 246 and the filling structures 254 between the joists 246 are thus arranged.
For the completion of the floor, the cementitious material is cast.
The building system according to the invention enables to realize rather flexible structures formed by pillar, beams and floor. For instance, as illustrated in figures 27, 28, 29 it is possible to fix a first beam 214 to a lateral face of the pillar 212 and a second beam 216 and a third beam to two lateral faces, opposite to each other, of the same pillar 212 by utilizing pillar housings 232 and beam housings disposed suitably.
Besides, seats 244 are formed in the three beams 214 to position the joists 246 for the realization of the floor, as represented in figure 29.
With reference to the accompanying figures, reference number 10 denotes generically a building system that is exemplified in figure 30 in the coupling of a prefabricated pillar 312 to a first prefabricated beam 314 and a second prefabricated beam 316.
As illustrated in figures 31, 36, 37, the prefabricated pillar 312 comprises an upper portion 318 and a lower portion 322, both portions being made of reinforced concrete. The two portions are separated by an empty area 320 and are connected to each other through a longitudinal reinforcement. An iron rod of the longitudinal reinforcement is denoted by the reference number 324.
Besides, both portions 318, 322 of the pillar 312 comprise pillar brackets. One of said brackets is denoted by the reference number 326. Said brackets are included in the reinforcement of the pillar 312.
The lower face of the upper portion 318 as well as the upper face of the lower portion 322 of the pillar 312 are delimited by respective plates 328, 330 which are perforated to allow the passage of the longitudinal reinforcement.
A plate 328 is illustrated individually in figure 41.
Four supports 332 are received in the empty area 320 of the pillar 312. One of said supports is illustrated individually in figure 40. Two supports are disposed at a lateral end of the empty zone 320 and two supports are disposed at the opposite lateral end.
Each of the four supports 332 directs its through opening 338 to the outside.
Each support 332 comprises a C-shaped plaque having a horizontal lower portion 335, a horizontal upper portion 336 and a vertical lateral portion 337 in which the through opening 338 is formed.
The presence of these supports is optional and is not strictly necessary for a correct behavior of the knot.
The first beam 314, homologous to the second beam 316 and represented singly in the figures 33, 34, comprises a lower portion 340 and an upper portion 342, both portions being made of reinforced concrete.
An empty seat 356 is formed in the upper portion 342, at the end of the first beam 314 towards the pillar 318.
The upper portion 342 comprises bars 344 of which one is illustrated in figure 43.
Said bars are threaded at their ends to allow the coupling to threaded connecting bars 346, of which one is illustrated in figure 42. Said threaded connecting bars 346 pass through the empty seat 356.
In addition, the end portion of the first beam 314 comprises beam brackets 348 which protrude superiorly beyond the upper portion 342 and are arranged at the empty seat 356.
The upper portion 342, not interested by the empty seat 356, receives, at the respective sides, two retractable shelves 350 directed towards the pillar 318. One retractable shelf is illustrated individually in figures 38, 39.
Two cylindrical elements 358 are disposed at each of the two retractable shelves 350 and act as a support for the housing fit to allow the cast for the fixing of the knob comprised between the pillar and the beams.
The retractable shelf 350 comprises a first more external parallelepiped element 352 in which a second more internal parallelepiped element 354 may slide.
The second beam 316 is not described since it has the same features and elements as the first beam 314.
At first, the coupling of the first beam 314 and second beam 316 to the pillar 312 occurs dry: the end of the first beam 314, in which end the retractable shelves are received, is placed in adjacency to the two supports 332; the same applies to the second beam 316 in respect to the other supports 332.
Essentially, each retractable shelf 350 is disposed in front of the vertical lateral portion 337 of each support 332 in which the through opening 338 is formed.
An operator moves the second more internal parallelepiped element 354 which at first is completely contained in the first more external parallelepiped element 352. In this way, the second more internal parallelepiped element 354 is inserted in the through opening 338 of the support 332.
Then, the operator screws the threaded connecting bars 346 to the threaded bars 344 received in the upper portions 342 of the beams 314, 316. Besides, the same connecting bars 346 of each beam 314, 316 are connected to each other by means of continuity bars 360 of which one is illustrated individually in figure 44, whose ends are fixed to the connecting bars 346.
At this point, the dry connection of the two beams 314, 316 to the pillar 312 is completed, as illustrated in figure 36, and it is possible to proceed with the cement casting as represented in figure 37 by the reference number 362.
The building system 310 according to the invention in the so-described application relates to the coupling of two beams 314, 316 to a pillar 312 in which the two beams are disposed on opposite sides of the pillar 312.
Obviously, the building system may be applied on forming different geometries; for instance, as illustrated in figures 45, 46, 47, 48, a building system 370 provides that a first beam 372, a second beam 374, a third beam 378 and a fourth beam 380 are fixed to a pillar 376 so as to be arranged at right angles to each other. In this case, it is possible to use the same elements as described in the above mentioned application and are numbered by the same reference numbers used in the previous figures.
According to a variant of the invention illustrated in figures 49 to 63, a building system 410 comprises a prefabricated pillar 412 coupled to a first prefabricated beam 414 and a second prefabricated beam 416.
As indicated specifically in figures 49, 51, 55, 56, the prefabricated pillar 412 comprises an upper portion 418 and a lower portion 422, both portions being made of reinforced concrete. The two portions are separated by an empty area 420 and are connected to each other through a longitudinal reinforcement. An iron rod of the longitudinal reinforcement is denoted by the reference number 424.
Besides, both portions 418, 422 of the pillar 412 comprise pillar brackets. One of said brackets is denoted by the reference number 426 in figure 54. Said brackets are included in the reinforcement of the pillar 412.
The lower face of the upper portion 418 as well as the upper face of the lower portion 422 of the pillar 412 are delimited by respective plates 428, 430 which are perforated to allow the passage of the longitudinal reinforcement, a plate being illustrated individually in figure 63.
Four supports 432 are received in the empty area 420 of the pillar 412. These supports are analogous to the ones described previously and one of said supports is illustrated individually in figure 40. Two supports 432 are disposed at a lateral end of the empty zone 420 and the other two supports 432 are disposed at the opposite lateral end. Each of the four supports 432 directs its through opening 438 to the outside.
The first beam 414, homologous to the second beam 416 and represented singly in the figures 52, 53, comprises a lower portion 440 and an upper portion 442, both portions being made of reinforced concrete.
The width of the upper portion 442 is less than the width of the lower portion 440 so that once the first beam 414 has been mounted on the pillar 412, the lower portion 440 of the first beam 414 is adjacent to the lower portion 422 of the pillar 412 and is wider than the pillar 412 while the upper portion 442 of the first beam 414 is adjacent to the empty zone 420 of the pillar 412.
The upper portion 442 comprises bars 444 of which one is illustrated in figure 60.
Said bars are threaded at their ends to allow the coupling to threaded connecting bars 446, of which one is illustrated in figure 61.
The upper portion 442 comprises beam brackets 448 which protrude superiorly where the upper portion 442 is not present. In addition, the lower portion 440 receives, at its end, two retractable shelves 450 illustrated individually in figures 57,58.
Each retractable shelf 450 comprises a first more external parallelepiped element 452 in which a second more internal parallelepiped element 454 may slide, as it appears from figures 57, 58.
A fixing bracket 456, illustrated individually in figure 59, is arranged on the upper portion 442 of the first beam 414 and is useful for a first dry fixing between the first beam 414 and the pillar 412.
The second beam 416 is not described since it has the same features and elements as the first beam 414.
The coupling of the first beam 414 and second beam 416 to the pillar 412 occurs in a homologous manner to the previously described building system 310.
At first, the dry fixing is accomplished as follows: the end of the first beam 414, in which end the retractable shelves 450 are received, is placed in adjacency to two of the supports 432; the same applies to the second beam 416 in respect to the other support 432.
An operator moves the second more internal parallelepiped element 454 which at first is completely contained in the first more external parallelepiped element 452.
In this way, the second more internal parallelepiped element 454 is inserted in the through opening 438 of the support 432.
Then, the operator fixes the beams to the pillar by means of fixing brackets 456 and screws the threaded connecting bars 446 to the threaded bars 444 received in the upper portion 442 of the beams 414, 416. Besides, the same connecting bars 446 of each beam 414, 416 are connected to each other by means of continuity bars 460 of which one is illustrated individually in figure 62, whose ends are fixed to the connecting bars 446.
At this point, the dry connection of the two beams 414, 416 to the pillar 412 is completed, as illustrated in figure 55, and it is possible to proceed with the cement casting as represented in figure 56 by the reference number 462.
Like the building system 310, also the so-described building system 410 may be applied on forming different geometries, for instance with four beams arranged orthogonally to each other or two beams arranged 90 degrees to each other.
Unlike the building system 310, in case of the building system 410 in question, the lower portion 440 of the beams 414, 416 is wider than the upper portion 442 and even wider than the pillar 412, as clearly visible in figure 51.
This feature allows that a corrugated housing that makes the knot formed by pillar and beams even more stable when casting the cementitious material may be arranged in the uncovered part of the upper portion 442 of the beams 414, 416.
According to another variant of the invention illustrated in figures 64 to 67, a building system 510 comprises a prefabricated pillar 512 coupled to a first prefabricated beam 514 and a second prefabricated beam 516, according to a system that is analogous to that indicated by the reference number 410 in figures 49 to 63.
The prefabricated pillar 512 comprises an upper portion 518 and a lower portion 522, both portions being made of reinforced concrete. The two portions are separated by an empty area and are connected to each other through a longitudinal reinforcement.
The lower face of the upper portion 518 as well as the upper face of the lower portion 522 of the pillar 512 are delimited by respective plates which are perforated to allow the passage of the longitudinal reinforcement, only one plate being visible in figure 64 and identified by reference number 528.
Four supports are received in the empty area of the pillar 512. These supports are analogous to the ones described previously in other modes of realization. Two supports are disposed at a lateral end of the empty zone and the other two supports are disposed at the opposite lateral end. Each of the four supports directs its through opening to the outside.
Both the first beam 514 and the second beam 516 comprise a lower portion 540 and an upper portion 542, both portions being made of reinforced concrete. The width of the upper portion 542 is less than the width of the lower portion 540.
The upper portion 542 comprises bars which are threaded at their ends to allow the coupling to threaded connecting bars.
In addition, the lower portion 540 comprises beam brackets 548 that protrude on the upper part where the upper portion 542 is not present.
Both the first beam 514 and the second beam 516 receive, at their end, two retractable shelves 550 shaped like the retractable shelves 450 and adapted to be inserted in the supports of the pillar through the more internal parallelepiped element.
Wooden beams 554 are fixed through S-shaped brackets 552 to the lower portion 542 of the first beam 514 and second beam 516 in order to carry out a wooden floor.
An S-shaped bracket 552 is illustrated individually in figure 66.
Accordingly, the building system according to the invention enables to utilize prefabricated elements in order to make the realization of the structure practical and rapid.
Besides, the couplings obtained by means of pillar housings, beam housings and extensible elements allow to have safe, stable connections which become even more secure once the filling casting has been accomplished.
The fixing of the continuity bars between different beams allows to obtain a structure tied up continuously and consequently, to obtain a more stable structure.
In addition, the building system according to the invention allows to avoid the utilization of shelves, the resulting aesthetic appearance being thus more pleasant.
In this regard, in completing the realization of buildings, the building system according to the invention offers also the possibility of utilizing more valuable materials than concrete, such as wood.
Besides, according to the methods of realization as described in figures 64 to 67 it is possible to obtain wooden floors even by utilizing prefabricated structures so that it is possible to obtain a pleasant aesthetic effect which cannot be reached with the prefabricated structures of the prior art.
A technician of this sector may conceive changes or variants that are to be considered as included in the scope of protection of the present invention. For instance, the coupling between beams and pillar may be reversed, namely, a bracket may go out of a housing arranged in the pillar, which bracket is inserted in a hollow housing disposed in the beams.

Claims

Building system (10; 70; 80; 90; 110; 210; 310; 370; 410; 510) comprising a prefabricated pillar (12; 76; 88; 112; 118; 212; 312; 376; 412; 512) and at least one prefabricated beam (14, 16; 72, 74; 78, 82, 84, 86; 92, 94; 114, 116; 214, 216, 218; 314, 316; 372, 374, 378, 380; 414, 416; 514, 516) to be coupled to the pillar (12; 76; 88; 112; 118; 212; 312; 376; 412; 512) wherein
the pillar (12; 76; 88; 112; 118; 212; 312; 376; 412; 512) comprises at least one support (32; 132; 232; 332; 432) in which a seat (38; 138; 338) is formed, the at least one support (32; 132; 232; 332; 432) being totally received in the volume identified by the pillar, wherein the at least one beam (14, 16; 72, 74; 78, 82, 84, 86; 92, 94; 114, 116; 214, 216, 218; 314, 316; 372, 374, 378, 380; 414, 416; 514, 516) comprises at least one retractable shelf (50; 150; 350; 450) in which an internal sliding element (60; 160; 354; 454) is received so as to slide in the at least one retractable shelf (50; 150; 350; 450), the at least one retractable shelf (50; 150; 350; 450) being totally received in the volume identified by the at least one beam so that the internal sliding element (60; 160; 354; 454) may go out of the at least one retractable shelf (50; 150; 350; 450) and enter the seat (38; 138; 338) of the at least one support (32; 132; 232; 332; 432) in order to couple the at least one beam to the pillar;
wherein once the at least one beam (14, 16; 72, 74; 78, 82, 84, 86; 92, 94; 114, 116; 214, 216, 218; 314, 316; 372, 374, 378, 380; 414, 416; 514, 516) has been fixed to the pillar (12; 76; 88; 112; 118; 212; 312; 376; 412; 512) by means of the internal sliding element (60; 160; 354; 454), a cementitious material (68; 168) is cast on the coupling of the at least one beam to the pillar;
characterized by the fact that the at least one beam comprises a first longitudinal portion (40; 91; 340; 440) and a second longitudinal portion (42; 93; 342; 442), wherein the first longitudinal portion (40; 91; 340; 440) is disposed under the second longitudinal portion (42; 93; 342; 442); the at least one retractable shelf (350) being comprised at the end of the second longitudinal portion (342); at least one bar (344) with threaded free end being comprised along the second longitudinal portion (342) so as to fix a connecting bar (346) by screwing it in said at least one bar (344) for the connection with at least one further beam.
Building system (10; 70; 80; 90; 110; 210) according to claim 1, wherein the seat (38; 138) obtained in the at least one support (32; 132; 232) comprises a tooth (35) and the internal sliding element comprises a blade (60; 160) in which at least one recess (62) is formed so that once the blade (60; 160) has been received in the seat (38; 138), the blade is locked in position by means of the tooth (35) inserted in the recess (62).
Building system (10; 70; 80; 90; 110; 210) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one beam comprises a first longitudinal portion (40; 91) on whose end the at least one retractable shelf (50; 150) is comprised, and a second longitudinal portion (42; 93) along which at least one bar (44; 144) with threaded free end is disposed so as to fix a connecting bar (46; 146) by screwing it in said at least one bar (44; 144) for the connection with at least one further beam.
Building system (310; 370; 410; 510) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support (332; 432) comprises a C-shaped plaque (334) having a horizontal lower portion (335), a horizontal upper portion (336) and a vertical lateral portion (337) in which a through opening (338) is formed.
Building system (10; 70; 80; 90; 110; 210; 310; 370; 410; 510) according to one of claims 3 to 4, wherein at least one continuity bar (66; 166; 366; 466) is connected with an end to a connecting bar (46; 146; 346; 446) of a first beam and with the opposite end to a connecting bar (46; 146; 346; 446) of a second beam.
Building system (90) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one housing (95) is disposed above the first longitudinal portion (91), in continuity with the second longitudinal portion (93).
Building system (210) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in at least one beam (214, 240, 244), at least one seat (244) is obtained laterally to receive an end of a joist (246) for floor.
Building system (210) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one end of the joist (246) comprises an extensible element (248) comprising a movable bracket (252) adapted to go out of the extensible element (248) to rest on a seat (244) of the at least one beam (214, 240, 244).
Building system (510) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one wooden element is fixed by means of at least one bracket (552) to at least one beam (514, 516) in order to obtain a wooden floor.
Building system (410) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a fixing bracket (456) is fixed on one side to the upper portion (442) of the first beam (414) and/or second beam (416) and on the other side to the pillar (412) so as to obtain a first dry fixing of said first beam (414) and/or second beam (416) to the pillar (412).