EP2951227A1 - Verfahren zur polymerisation von -caprolactam - Google Patents
Verfahren zur polymerisation von -caprolactamInfo
- Publication number
- EP2951227A1 EP2951227A1 EP14701191.0A EP14701191A EP2951227A1 EP 2951227 A1 EP2951227 A1 EP 2951227A1 EP 14701191 A EP14701191 A EP 14701191A EP 2951227 A1 EP2951227 A1 EP 2951227A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- caprolactam
- branched
- cio
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
- C08G69/20—Anionic polymerisation characterised by the catalysts used
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam using precatalysts in the form of protected N-heterocyclic carbenes.
- Lactams are converted to polyamides on a million-ton scale worldwide.
- Important monomers are in particular ⁇ -caprolactam ( ⁇ -CLA) and laurolactam for the preparation of PA6 or PA12.
- the polymerization can be carried out in principle by three routes: cationic, hydrolytic or anionic polymerization. The last two procedures are technically used.
- hydrolytic process a defined amount of water (5-10%) is added and a portion of the monomer hydrolyzed to the open-chain amino acid. Propagation then occurs by ring opening and by condensation of the amino acids.
- the reaction times are usually several hours (12-24 h) at temperatures well above 200 ° C.
- the anionic polymerization can be conducted at lower temperatures.
- bases for example, alkali metals, amides or Grignard compounds have been used.
- the choice of base is important: weak bases generate little lactanion since the pK s value of ⁇ -CLA is 27.2 (in DMSO at 25 ° C). Strong bases can lead to side reactions (for example, protons of the CH unit can alpha-constantly abstract to carbonyl).
- the mechanism runs on the so-called "activated monomer" (lactamanion). Anionic polymerizations proceed very fast, typically within a few minutes. Usually isocyanates or N-acyl lactams are added as activators.
- Polyamides can z. B. either with the screw-injection molding technique or as cast polyamides z. B. be processed by the reaction injection molding (RIM process).
- RIM process reaction injection molding
- molten polymer is filled under pressure into molds
- monomeric melt is filled without pressure into molds.
- the polymerization then takes place.
- injection molding processes are characterized by shorter tool life.
- cast polyamides can be used for more complex components because the monomer melt is a significant shows better flow behavior than the polymer melt (lower melting point, lower viscosity).
- N-heterocyclic carbenes have been known for some time as polymerization catalysts.
- epoxides, terephthalaldehyde or acrylates can be polymerized.
- the prior art according to DE 10 2006 038 934 AI should be mentioned, in particular on imidazolium umcarboxylat adducts and a method for the use of catalytic amounts of imidazolium and Imidazoliniumcarboxylat adducts in the acyloin reaction of aldehydes for the preparation of hydroxyketones.
- the object of the invention was to propose a process for the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam, in which readily manageable catalysts can be used.
- the catalyst and ⁇ -caprolactam should form a directly usable, high-performance one-component system which can be polymerized in a targeted temperature range in a targeted manner, wherein the polymerization temperature should be greater than the melting temperature of the ⁇ -caprolactam / catalyst mixture, in particular also Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) or Resin Transfer Molding (RTM).
- RIM Reaction Injection Molding
- RTM Resin Transfer Molding
- catalysts for the mentioned polymerization proposed by ⁇ -caprolactam which are significantly more active compared to known catalysts.
- the above object is achieved by a process for the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam, which is initiated and carried out in the presence of precatalysts in the form of protected N-heterocyclic carbenes, wherein said precatalysts are selected from the following compounds: 1.) Compounds of general formula (I): -D
- Ri is a straight or branched Ci-Cio-alkyl, in particular, dC 7 alkyl a linear or branched C 2 -C 0 alkenyl, in particular C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, a C 3 -C 2 cycloalkyl, in particular C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, a geradket term or branched C 6 -Cioo-polyoxyalkylene, in particular C 6 -C 3 o polyoxyalkylene, a C 5 -C 0 aryl, or C 5 -C 0 - hetaryl radical,
- R 2 is a straight or branched Ci-Cio-alkoxy, in particular Ci-C 7 - alkoxy, C 5 -C 2 cycloalkoxy, especially C 5 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, C 6 linear or branched-polyoxyalkylene -Cioo -, in particular C 6 -C 3 O-polyoxyalkylene, C 5 -C 0 - aryloxy, linear or branched Ci-Cio-perfluoroalkyl, in particular Ci- C 7 perfluoroalkyl, linear or branched Ci-Cio-perchloroalkyl , in particular C 1 -C 7 perchloroalkyl, straight-chain or branched partially fluorinated C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, in particular partially fluorinated C 1 -C 7 -alkyl, straight-chain or branched partially chlorinated C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, in particular partially fluorin
- X is oxygen, sulfur or -NR 3 '-, wherein R 3 ' has the meaning given above for Ri, or
- R 4 is the one in formula (I) to Ri, X 'to X, A' to A and D 'have the meaning given to D, or 3.) compounds of general formula III with Lewis acids, in particular the base of magnesium, calcium, yttrium, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, aluminum, tin, bismuth or boron cations with anions from the fluoride series, chloride, bromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, Trif- luormethansulfonat, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, BF 4 ", PF 6", SbF 6, para-toluene sulfonate, trifluoroacetate, carboxylate (Ci-Cio-alkyl), (C 3 -C 0 cycloalkyl) carboxylate, (C 2 -C 0 alkenyl) carboxylate, (C
- R 5 has the formula (I) above in Ri, X 'to X, A' to A and D 'have the meaning given to D.
- These compounds can be used individually or in a mixture of more than one of these compounds.
- a precatalyst is understood as meaning a compound which is in a form which is the monomer, a monomer mixture or a monomer solution before the initiation of the polymerization and the actual polymerization. is added. Under the polymerization conditions, the precursor forms the actual catalyst, a free carbene.
- the above process is preferably characterized in that the straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl radical is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or neopentyl radical which C 3 -C 2 -cycloalkyl radical is a cyclohexyl radical
- the C 5 -C 0 aryl radical represents a phenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl- or mesityl radical.
- An equally advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is represented by the fact that the straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy radical is a methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butyloxy, isobutoxy or 2-ethylhexyloxy radical radical
- the C 5 -C 0 aryloxy radical means a phenyloxy radical, C 5 -C 2 cycloalkoxy radical a cyclohexyloxy group
- the Ci-Cio perfluoroalkyl radical is a CF 3 group
- the Ci Cio-perchloroalkyl radical a CCI 3 - radical
- the perfluorinated C 5 -C 0 aryl radical represents a pentaflu
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitably configured by using the concretely designated precatalysts described below, represented below by the formulas (Ih), (Im), (Io), (Ib) and (Iq):
- the syntheses of the precatalysts are in principle known from the literature (Iglesias, M., Beetstra, D. X; Knight, J. C; Ooi, LL; Stasch, A.; Coles, S.; Male, L.; Hursthouse, MB; Cavell, K.X; Dervisis, A.; Fallis, IA Organometallics 2008, 27, 3279-3289).
- the cyclization of amidines allows rapid access to different ring sizes.
- the deprotonation then takes place with a strong, sterically hindered base, for example lithium or potassium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS or KHM DS) in a solvent such as.
- C0 2 , CS 2 an alcohol, a haloform (CH F 3 , CHCl 3 ) or a penta- or tetrafluorobenzene.
- the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam is carried out in compliance with the usual process parameters, whereby preferred process routes of the invention, as shown below, can be taken. It is expedient that the protected N-heterocyclic carbenes are easily activated at the particular temperature of the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam. It is further preferred that the polymerization of the ⁇ -caprolactam is carried out at a temperature of at least 70 ° C, in particular of at least 100 ° C. It is particularly preferred that the ⁇ -caprolactam is polymerized at a temperature of 100 ° C to 250 ° C, in particular 130 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam with protected N-heterocyclic carbenes proceeds in such a way that at elevated temperature the respective protective group, eg. As C0 2 , CS 2 , pentafluorobenzene, an alcohol, a Lewis acid 0- of a haloform, is cleaved off and the free N-heterocyclic carbene is formed.
- This deprotonated ⁇ -caprolactam then starts the polymerization.
- molar ratio of ⁇ -caprolactam to protected N-heterocyclic carbene It is also expedient to optimize the molar ratio of ⁇ -caprolactam to protected N-heterocyclic carbene. It is preferred that this is at least about 100, in particular at least 175. As an advantageous framework condition for the molar ratio can be given 200 to 500.
- the poly-s-caprolactam precipitates in high yield within a few minutes.
- the time-outs or the polymer! - Ons Anlagenen also depend on the used protected N-heterocyclic carbene or precatalyst. It should be emphasized that in particular the use of alkyl-substituted tetrahydropyrimidinium-based carbenes leads to a rapid polymerization.
- the frame is 17 ⁇ pK a ⁇ 28.
- the particular value of the invention lies in the fact that the polymerization reaction in the context of a reaction injection molding process (RIM) or a resin transfer molding process (RTM) is performed.
- RIM reaction injection molding process
- RTM resin transfer molding process
- the process according to the invention also makes it possible, which is advantageous, that the ⁇ -caprolactam to be polymerized contains additives, in particular nano- and micro-scale metal oxides, in particular SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 or ZrO 2 , and the corresponding organic compounds surface-modified metal oxides, reinforcing elements, in particular textile structures, nanoscale or microscale inorganic or organic substances.
- the textile structures are based on continuous fibers, short fibers or staple fibers, yarns and / or textile fabrics.
- the usable textile fabrics In particular, woven, knitted, knitted, braided, scrim, which are present as a winding or as a nonwoven fabric.
- the process according to the invention can also be further developed by not carrying out a RIM or RTM process, but rather coatings based on poly-s-caprolactams, adhesives, sealants, porous moldings or foams, in particular with the omission of a degassing or incorporating foaming agents, or varnishes.
- thermally labile, protected N-heterocyclic carbenes comprises in particular imidazolium, imidazolinium, tetrahydropyrimidinium and diazepinium compounds.
- Advantageous protective groups can be used in this case, as described above, for example C0 2 , CS 2 and metal salts or Lewis acids or it is possible to produce structures which correspond to the abovementioned formula (I).
- a 1-component system can be realized, which allows to polymerize prefabricated ⁇ -caprolactam / precatalyst mixtures at any time by raising the temperature.
- Advantageous areas of application of the invention are, in particular, reaction injection molding (RIM) and resin transfer molding (RTM).
- the polymerization may be metal-free if precatalysts such as NHC-C0 2 or NHC-CS 2 are used.
- the protected N-heterocyclic carbenes used according to the invention thus lead to the mentioned advantages, in particular those NHCs which have a strong basicity.
- the N-heterocyclic carbenes used according to the invention can be stored without loss of activity and accumulate as powder or crystalline solids. These can be easily mixed with the ⁇ -caprolactam and packaged.
- N-heterocyclic carbenes in the context of the polymerization process according to the invention in the practical implementation great benefits. Only when the active species is needed, for example, from the C0 2 - and metal NHC complexes, ie, the mixture is to be polymerized, this is done by raising the temperature.
- the protected N-heterocyclic carbenes can be easily mixed with ⁇ -caprolactams and packaged as a polymerization-ready mixture.
- NHC carboxylates offer the possibility of a completely metal-free reaction. If metal salts are used as protective groups, they can accelerate the polymerization by virtue of their function as Lewis acids (increase in electron poverty on the carbonyl carbon of the ⁇ -caprolactam).
- a particular advantage of the invention is that it can be controlled variably, in each case with regard to the desired polymerization process, ie, for example, compounds of the formula (III) are used, in which the protective group is based on Lewis acids.
- the Lewis acids liberated in the activation of Lewis acid-protected NHCs can basically coordinate to the carbonyl oxygen of ⁇ -caprolactam and thus increase the electrophilicity of ⁇ -caprolactam and thus its reactivity.
- Lewis acid-protected NHCs can thus function as "dual" catalysts after their decomposition: The liberated Lewis acids increase the electrophilicity of ⁇ -caprolactam and the free NHCs formed deprotonate ⁇ -caprolactam to the corresponding nucleophilic anion.
- metal-free protected N-heterocyclic carbenes is in principle advantageous if metal-free poly (s-caprolactam) is to be obtained.
- metal-free poly s-caprolactam
- the invention represents a considerable advance in comparison to other published systems.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013001439 | 2013-01-29 | ||
| PCT/EP2014/051327 WO2014118076A1 (de) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-01-23 | VERFAHREN ZUR POLYMERISATION VON ε-CAPROLACTAM |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2951227A1 true EP2951227A1 (de) | 2015-12-09 |
Family
ID=50000985
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14701191.0A Withdrawn EP2951227A1 (de) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-01-23 | Verfahren zur polymerisation von -caprolactam |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2951227A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014118076A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105646876B (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-06-19 | 南京工业大学 | 一种有机催化制备聚酯酰胺的方法 |
| EP3892668A1 (de) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-13 | Universität Stuttgart | Latente katalysatorsysteme und verfahren zur herstellung von polyamiden |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060096699A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-11 | Wilson Tam | Polymerization of cyclic amides using N-heterocyclic carbene and metal amide and metal alkoxide catalysts |
| US20110144296A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2011-06-16 | Nanjing University Of Technology | Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic compounds catalyzed by carbene derivatives |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006053071A2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-18 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Ring opening polymerization of cyclic amides using n-heterocyclic carbene catalysts |
| DE102006038934A1 (de) | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung von α-Hydroxyketonen über Carbenkatalysierte Umpolungsreaktion von Aldehyden |
-
2014
- 2014-01-23 WO PCT/EP2014/051327 patent/WO2014118076A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-01-23 EP EP14701191.0A patent/EP2951227A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060096699A1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-11 | Wilson Tam | Polymerization of cyclic amides using N-heterocyclic carbene and metal amide and metal alkoxide catalysts |
| US20110144296A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2011-06-16 | Nanjing University Of Technology | Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic compounds catalyzed by carbene derivatives |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| MANUEL IGLESIAS ET AL: "Novel Expanded Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Free Carbenes, Silver Complexes, And Structures", ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 27, no. 13, 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01), pages 3279 - 3289, XP055016443, ISSN: 0276-7333, DOI: 10.1021/om800179t * |
| MISHRA R ET AL: "STUDIES ON ALUMINUM-ISOPROPOXIDE DOPED POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE), POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL), AND POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)- POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BLENDS", JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC, US, vol. 69, no. 11, 12 September 1998 (1998-09-12), pages 2147 - 2157, XP000804135, ISSN: 0021-8995, DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980912)69:11<2147::AID-APP6>3.0.CO;2-G * |
| See also references of WO2014118076A1 * |
| STEFAN NAUMANN ET AL: "Polymerization of ε-Caprolactam by Latent Precatalysts Based on Protected N-Heterocyclic Carbenes", ACS MACRO LETTERS, vol. 2, no. 7, 24 June 2013 (2013-06-24), pages 609 - 612, XP055115562, ISSN: 2161-1653, DOI: 10.1021/mz400199y * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014118076A1 (de) | 2014-08-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2606025B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer propiolsäure oder eines derivates davon | |
| EP2222687B1 (de) | Spiroverbindungen | |
| EP2260047B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von ruthenium-carben-komplexen | |
| DE102009035303A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verbrückten Dibenz[c,e][1,2]-oxaphosphorin-6-oxiden | |
| EP0888308A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung heterocyclischer carbene | |
| EP2999730A1 (de) | Polymerisierbare reaktionsmischung zur herstellung von epoxidharzen und deren verwendung | |
| Nikpassand et al. | Fe+ 3-montmorillonite K-10 as a Green and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of New Generation of Dihydropyrimidinones | |
| EP2147002A1 (de) | Bisamid-zinkbasen | |
| SG173681A1 (en) | Production and use of zinc amides | |
| EP3004209A1 (de) | Ringöffnende laurinlactam-polymerisation mit latenten initiatoren | |
| EP1866320B1 (de) | Stickstoffhaltige verbrückte derivate von 6h-dibenz(e,e)(1,2)-oxaphosphorin-6-oxiden, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als flammschutzmittel | |
| EP2951227A1 (de) | Verfahren zur polymerisation von -caprolactam | |
| EP2649083A1 (de) | Auf n-heterocyclischem carben basierte zirkoniumkomplexe zur verwendung bei einer ringöffnungspolymerisation von lactonen | |
| EP2890729B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von thermoplastischen präkeramischen polymeren | |
| EP1521745A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von imidazoliumsalzen | |
| DE102010054892A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyesters sowie Zusammensetzung und Formkörper umfassend einen derartigen Polyester | |
| AT511852A1 (de) | Olefinmetathese | |
| DE10222551A1 (de) | Neue Übergangsmetall-Komplexe und deren Einsatz in Übergangsmetall-katalysierten Reaktionen | |
| EP1394190A1 (de) | Metathesekatalysatoren | |
| EP2646494A2 (de) | Verfahren zur quervernetzung von polyamiden | |
| DE2029524A1 (de) | Di-2-oxazin- und Di-2-oxazolinverbindungen, ihr Herstellungsverfahren und Polymerisate daraus | |
| EP0381205A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Polymerisation polarer Verbindungen | |
| DE1154476B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminiumverbindungen des Acetylens | |
| Kataev | Non‐covalent interactions in the synthesis of macrocycles | |
| EP1368331B1 (de) | Kontinuierliches verfahren zur herstellung von dihydropyronen |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20150717 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20180524 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DEUTSCHE INSTITUTE FUER TEXTIL- UND FASERFORSCHUNG |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20231115 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20240316 |