EP2947262B1 - Inductor and method for heating a geological formation - Google Patents
Inductor and method for heating a geological formation Download PDFInfo
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- EP2947262B1 EP2947262B1 EP14169325.9A EP14169325A EP2947262B1 EP 2947262 B1 EP2947262 B1 EP 2947262B1 EP 14169325 A EP14169325 A EP 14169325A EP 2947262 B1 EP2947262 B1 EP 2947262B1
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- conductor
- inductor
- sleeve
- conductive body
- hollow
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons
Definitions
- hydrocarbons from an underground reservoir for example for the production of heavy oils, heavy oils or bitumen from oil sands or oil shale deposits, it is necessary to achieve the greatest possible flowability of the hydrocarbons to be pumped.
- One way to improve the fluidity of hydrocarbons in their production is to increase the temperature prevailing in the reservoir.
- One method used to increase the temperature of the deposit is to inductive heating by means of an inductor which is introduced into the deposit (i.e., into the soil).
- an inductor which is introduced into the deposit (i.e., into the soil).
- eddy currents are induced in electrically conductive deposits (also called reservoir) by forming electromagnetic fields, which heat the deposit, so that there is thus an improvement in the fluidity of the hydrocarbons present in the deposit.
- eddy currents are induced in particular in the pore water of the deposit, which has an electrical conductivity due to salts dissolved therein. The heat transfer from the water to the hydrocarbon takes place by heat conduction.
- a compensation of the inductive voltage drop is, as in the patent DE 10 2007 040 605 described, for example, by capacitors connected in series allows (reactive power compensation).
- the current-carrying conductors of the inductor are interrupted to form the capacitors and thus have a plurality of interruption points.
- the interruption point can form weak points of the inductor.
- the points of interruption for example, partial discharges could occur in the event of a fault.
- Due to the inaccessibility of a deeply introduced into the deposit inductor are particularly high demands on the reliability of the inductor to make.
- a continuous and maintenance-free operation over ten to twenty years is desired.
- the entire inductor would be inoperative and would have to be replaced.
- the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve the reliability of an inductor.
- the invention relates to an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit, comprising at least one conductor, wherein the conductor has at least one point of interruption, characterized in that at least at one end portion of the conductor at the point of interruption, a rounded conductive body is applied.
- a geological formation in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit
- both end portions of a broken conductor are formed at the point of interruption as described above.
- a rounded conductive body is understood in particular as the contacting of the rounded conductive body with the end region of the conductor.
- the rounded conductive body is a separate element. It is not merely a deformation of the end portion of the conductor.
- the inductor is a conductor.
- the conductor is preferably made cable-like from a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires. It can be obtained with repeated attachment of interruption points on the inductor according to the invention, an electrical series resonant circuit, wherein the design is preferably such that a resonance frequency in the range of about 10 kHz to 200 kHz is obtained, which also represents the preferred operating frequency of the inductor.
- the inductor is preferably driven by a generator which is operated at least with the aforementioned frequency range.
- the interruption point according to the invention is used to form capacitively acting conductor sections (in the sense of capacitors). This is done by the capacitive coupling of adjacent conductor groups over a defined conductor length - for example 10 to 50m - for reactive power compensation.
- the capacitances are preferably arranged as a series connection. In the case of a series connection, if one capacitor fails, the complete inductor would become inoperative depending on the fault. This problem is inventively reduced in that a partial discharge strength of isolated individual wire ends is increased against adjacent continuous wires and the opposite end of the wire.
- a further advantage according to the invention is that sharp edges, which would otherwise lead to a field strength increase (increase in the electric field strength) at the point of interruption, are avoided by means of the embodiment according to the invention.
- the reliability of the inductor is further improved.
- An embodiment of the invention is directed to providing each individual wire - a wire - which is preferably individually insulated, with such an interruption point.
- Each wire preferably has such break points at repeating intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if a wire for an inductor is prepared in a first step and only then, together with a sequence of interruption points, is stranded with further wires.
- Another embodiment of the invention is directed to providing a bundle of wires, the wires preferably being individually insulated, with such an interruption point. At a position in the inductor, all the wires in a bundle are broken, not just a wire. The interruption points are made over the length of the inductor at repeated intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if already completely stranded cable is present without interruption points and is post-processed to achieve an inductor in a subsequent step in which a bunch of wires on the cable is repeatedly cut at certain points.
- the rounded conductive body may comprise a hemispherical surface or a continuously curved collar-shaped surface.
- the conductor can be made up of a plurality, preferably individually - i. individually insulated wires. Wire ends of the end portion of the conductor may be connected to the rounded conductive body by means of compression and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding.
- the conductor may consist of a single wire.
- a variety of conductors can form the inductor.
- the rounded conductive body may be formed at one end as a sleeve.
- the end portion of the conductor may be inserted into the sleeve.
- the sleeve may have a blind bore or through bore into which the end region of the conductor is inserted into the sleeve.
- a mechanical connection between the sleeve and the end region of the conductor by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive adhesion can take place.
- a further rounded conductive body can be applied to a further end region of the conductor at the point of interruption. Between the rounded conductive body and the further rounded conductive body may be positioned an insulating spacer.
- the insulating spacer may have a surface portion configured such that the surface portion of the insulating spacer is mechanically and preferably positively connected to a surface portion of the rounded conductive body.
- the insulating spacer may be configured and surface shapes of the insulating spacer may be engaged in surface shapes of the rounded conductive body and surface shapes of the further rounded conductive body such that the rounded conductive body and in the other rounded conductive body to each other without offset and at a predetermined distance be fixed.
- a mechanical connection between the rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or gluing done.
- the rounded conductive body and the further rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer may be inserted into a hollow cylindrical further sleeve, wherein the further sleeve is formed as an insulator or as a conductive sleeve.
- Wires of another conductor can be guided by the material of the formed as an insulator further sleeve.
- wires of another conductor may be conductively connected to the material of the conductive sleeve.
- the inductor may further comprise at least two conductor bundles, wherein a first of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least the first conductor and a second conductor, and a second of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor, wherein a first hollow cylindrical sleeve is integrally formed with a second hollow cylindrical sleeve, that a jacket body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a shell body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve are united together for a portion , It thus creates a sleeve which corresponds in cross section to the shape of the number 8.
- the point of interruption of the conductor and conductor sections adjoining the point of interruption and components provided at the point of interruption may be enclosed by a sleeve.
- the inductor can be formed as a multifilament conductor.
- the conductor may form a conductor or a wire of the multifilament conductor.
- the respective interruption points of the conductors may have a mutual offset along a longitudinal extent of the inductor.
- the conductors may form an interlaced and / or stranded structure extending along the length of the inductor.
- the invention further relates to an operating method for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit, in which one in the geological formation arranged inductor with at least one conductor is driven such that an electromagnetic field is formed in the geological formation, to which the conductor has at least one point of interruption, wherein at least at one end portion of the conductor at the point of interruption, a rounded conductive body is applied.
- a geological formation in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit
- electromagnetic induction in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit
- one in the geological formation arranged inductor with at least one conductor is driven such that an electromagnetic field is formed in the geological formation, to which the conductor has at least one point of interruption, wherein at least
- the conductor can be energized with alternating current, preferably with a frequency in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.
- the hemispherical design of the ends advantageously sharp edges or corners that may arise in the manufacture of the point of interruption, for example, by the separation of the conductor with a cutting tool compensated.
- the partial discharge strength at the point of interruption of the conductor is further improved. That is why the hemispherical plane and / or smooth formation of the end field strength peaks, as they occur for example in edged shapes prevented.
- both ends of the interruption point are configured hemispherical.
- An embodiment of the end region in which the radii of curvature are greater than or equal to a radius of the cross section (cross-sectional radius) of the conductor is preferred.
- the conductor forms a conductor of a multifilament conductor.
- all conductors of the multifilament conductor have an interruption point whose end regions are designed according to the invention.
- a multifilament conductor comprising a plurality of conductors with end regions according to the invention, a particularly advantageous inductor for inductive heating is made possible.
- the filaments of the multifilament conductor are formed by the plurality of conductors.
- a multifilament conductor comprises a plurality of at least 10 and at most 5000 conductors. As a result, the heating power of the inductor is advantageously increased.
- the point of interruption of the conductor is enclosed by an electrically insulating sleeve.
- the sleeve serves for the mechanical, frictional connection of the two ends of the conductor, which ends are formed by the point of interruption of the conductor.
- the sleeve is expediently designed to avoid a short circuit at the point of interruption electrically insulating.
- Preferred is an insulating material and / or insulating plastic molded sleeve enclosing both ends of the point of interruption.
- a sleeve is provided, the outer diameter is substantially larger than the diameter of the cross section of the conductor.
- Sleeve in the sense of the invention is an electrically insulating sealing element. It can be a molded sleeve, which results when a mold is ejected. It has an insulating effect and gives mechanical stability.
- a sleeve is in the present case a connecting element and in particular also an insulation and / or protective elements.
- the sleeve is preferably fixed to the inserted cable. It encloses an interruption point.
- Conceivable are designs as G manharzmuffen, Gelmuffen, shrink sleeves - heat shrink or Kaltschrumpfmuffen.
- An inductor having a plurality of conductors is preferred, wherein the interruption points of the conductors of a conductor group have a mutual offset along a longitudinal axis of the inductor.
- the offset is preferably small compared to the distance to the adjacent break points of the second conductor group.
- an inductor is advantageously formed whose individual conductors are capacitively coupled to each other. Due to the series connection of the capacitors, which is formed by the capacitively coupled conductors, the reactive power of the inductor is advantageously reduced and / or approximately compensated in the case of resonance.
- inductor of a plurality of conductors, wherein the conductors extend in parallel along the longitudinal axis of the inductor.
- an approximately constant capacitance between the conductors allows so that a uniform and evenly distributed load of the conductor of the inductor is present.
- the conductors form an interlaced and / or stranded structure which extends along the longitudinal axis of the inductor.
- a cable arrangement of the conductors of the inductor is advantageously made possible, which is mechanically stabilized by an entanglement and / or stranding on the one hand and on the other hand is particularly suitable for the formation of capacitances between the individual conductors.
- the conductor is energized with an alternating current. If the conductor corresponds to a conductor group, the conductor group is supplied with an alternating current.
- all conductor groups of the inductor are supplied with alternating current.
- an electrical resonant circuit having a resonant frequency specific to the resonant circuit.
- the formation of a resonant circuit in particular in the resonance of the resonant circuit, reduces the reactive power which must be made available for the operation of the inductor.
- the offset of the break points which offset periodically continues along the conductor or inductor, corresponds to the resonant length of the inductor.
- the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.
- the figures relate to an inductor 1 for the exploitation of oil sand and heavy oil deposits, which is intended to effect a heating of a deposit in order to improve the flowability of the hydrocarbons to be delivered in situ.
- the proposed electromagnetic heating method is also called inductive heating, in which one or more conductor loops are introduced into the deposit, which are energized with alternating current. Thereafter, eddy currents will induce in the electrically conductive deposit, which will then heat the deposit.
- the conductors are cable-like according to the present invention, preferably made of a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires.
- the cable inductor - inductor 1 - thus acts in sections as a capacitance whereby the unavoidable inductance of the conductor arrangement can be specifically compensated for a frequency.
- the conductor loop with the intermittent interrupts electrically acts as a series resonant circuit which, at its resonant frequency, has no reactance, i. without reactive power, can be operated.
- interruption points in the cable inductor discussed below has the advantage that sharp-edged wire ends can be avoided. Since particularly high electric field strengths can occur at sharp-edged wire ends, it is advantageous to avoid such embodiments.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 relate to an embodiment in which a conductor according to the invention of a plurality of individual wires consists. All of these individual wires belonging to a conductor are separated at an interruption point.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of an inductor 1, wherein the inductor 1 includes a conductor 2 with a point of interruption 4.
- the inductor 1 is thus formed by means of the conductor 2 and other conductors, not shown, with a plurality of identically designed conductors for the inductor 1, for example, for adjusting the resonance frequency, is preferred.
- a second conductor which runs largely parallel to the conductor 2 (not shown in FIG. 1 , however, clarifies in FIG. 4 ) intended.
- the second conductor in FIGS. 3 and 4 marked with reference numeral 3 have a comparison with the conductor 2 staggered interruption point 4, wherein the offset continues periodically and corresponds to the resonance length.
- the conductor 2 has two end regions 6, on each of which a rounded conductive body 40 and 40 'is applied.
- the rounded conductive bodies 40 form ends of the conductive cable-shaped structure.
- the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 'are according to FIG. 1 formed hemispherical or three-quarters spherical, with the curves of the two rounded conductive body 40, 40 'are opposite to each other and have a distance and thus are not in contact. Due to the hemispherical configuration or design of the ends, field strength peaks at the ends and consequently at the point of interruption 4 are avoided, so that the partial discharge strength at the point of interruption 4 is thereby increased.
- a conductor 2 is preferably surrounded by an insulating layer (not shown), which surrounds the conductor 2. Individual wires are also preferably provided with an individual insulating layer.
- the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 ' are each solid bodies which are conductive. Metals or metallic alloys are particularly suitable as material.
- the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 ' may be referred to as electrodes. They are preferably massive bodies and / or solids. The rounding takes place in the same direction that would otherwise show the severed cable end.
- Ends of the individual wires are connected to the respective rounded conductive body 40 or 40 ', in particular to a back side of the rounded conductive bodies 40 and 40', which in turn can form a flat surface.
- the mechanical and conductive connection of the wires to a respective rounded conductive body 40, 40 ' may be by soldering, welding, crimping or other bonding technique.
- a penetration of a wire end into the back of a rounded conductive body 40, 40 'to achieve a solid and conductive connection is, for example, in FIG. 2 indicated.
- the rounded conductive body 40, 40 'in operation have the same electrical potential as the conductor. 2
- the rounded conductive body 40 (or also 40 ') can also be considered as an electrode of a capacitance.
- FIG. 1 are paired spherical electrodes in all or at least several wire ends brought together and electrically connected. This avoids sharp-edged wire ends and the resulting high electric field strengths at these sharp-edged wire ends to the partial discharges would ignite preferred.
- a positive and positive pairwise fixation of the rounded conductive body 40, 40 ' may be provided.
- FIG. 2 illustrated in a sectional drawing.
- an insulating body is shown as insulating spacer 32.
- This is preferably made of ceramic and / or mineral and / or plastic-based material. It includes a pair of rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 'at least partially.
- the surface shape of a portion of the insulating spacer 32 is adapted to the surface shape of one of the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 '.
- the insulating spacer 32 comprises two mutually opposite recesses, into each of which a rounded conductive body 40, 40 'can at least partially be inserted.
- the insulating spacer 32 may be a solid that has been prepared in advance and that is only connected to the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 '.
- the insulating spacer 32 can also be applied by means of spraying and / or filling in liquid form, wherein the material then hardens.
- An application of the insulating spacer 32 (also called insulating layer) on the surface of the conductor 2 can be effected by means of extrusion.
- the insulating spacer 32 which may be preferably ceramic or mineral or plastic based, comprises the electrodes, maintaining them at a defined distance, centering them relative to the continuous conductor pattern (in FIG FIGS. 1 and 2 not shown, but in FIG. 3 ) and thus ensures a defined E field distribution without large field peaks (ie low relative peak values).
- the rounded conductive body 40 or 40 ' according to the invention prior to assembly, a separate element or a separate body which / which only by joining to the conductor 2 forms a unit.
- the rounded conductive body 40 or 40 ' is in particular not just the cable end of a severed conductor.
- FIG. 1, 2 , and 3 may be understood as illustrating the inductor 1 in various sequential manufacturing steps.
- FIG. 3 illustrates in a sectional drawing how two conductors 2 and 3 are advantageously arranged at an interruption point 4 of the ladder 2.
- An inner conductor corresponds to the conductor 2, which has an interruption point 4 with a pair of rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 'and an insulating spacer 32 disposed therebetween.
- a surrounding hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 may be provided at the point of interruption 4, wherein the wires of the further conductor 3 are guided by a lateral surface of the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34.
- the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 may have grooves into which the wires of the conductor 3 can be inserted.
- the conductor 2 is an inner conductor for the illustrated drawing section, the other conductor 3 an outer conductor. However, for another section, the conductor 2 may represent the outer conductor and conductor 3 the inner conductor.
- FIG. 4 shows the same arrangement as FIG. 3 in a three-dimensional representation from the outside.
- the overall structure of the break according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is achieved by diverging the two conductor groups (2 and 3) into an inner group and an outer group.
- the inner wires ie the conductor 2) are interrupted and merged on both sides in spherical electrodes, while the outer continuous wires (ie the other conductor 3) defined in an insulator are performed.
- the overall arrangement can additionally be cast with an insulating compound and / or enclosed with shrink tubing.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate how a twisted cable consisting of two groups of wires can be machined by widening and / or spreading a first group of wires to interrupt a second group of wires.
- the two groups are brought together again, so that at the two edges of image FIG. 4 a largely normal twisted cable can be seen.
- the second group of wires would be widened and / or spread apart at the distance of the resonance length in order to make an interruption there for the first group of wires.
- the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 through the outer surface of which the wires of the further conductor 3 are guided, ensure a defined spacing of the wires of the further conductor 3 to the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 '. In this way, dangers of electrical flashovers are prevented.
- the wires of the further conductor 3 are not interrupted by the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 but extend through the insulating body 34 therethrough.
- the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 can also be replaced by a hollow cylindrical conductor piece 33. This will be on hand FIG. 5 explained.
- FIG. 5 provides an alternative FIGS. 3 and 4 shows that the continuous outer wires of the other conductor 3 (for the illustrated drawing section thus the outer conductor) are mechanically and electrically combined in a hollow cylindrical conductor 33.
- the still existing inner insulating body - the spacer 32 - holds the ball electrodes relative to each other and relative to the outer conductor (3) and the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 in position.
- defined E field distributions are achieved with low field peaks, for which preferably also the edges of the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 is rounded.
- the wires of the other conductor 3 can be easily passed through the hollow cylindrical conductor 33, so that the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 and the wires of the conductor 3 have the same potential.
- the wires of the further conductor 3 can be severed at the point of interruption. Subsequently, the separated ends can be mechanically and electrically connected to the hollow cylindrical conductor 33.
- This approach has the advantage that the complete inductor can be severed in place, then for the conductor 2, the rounded conductive body 40, 40 'and the spacer 32 can be inserted, and finally the wires of the conductor 3 via the hollow cylindrical conductor 33rd can be reconnected. The processing is thus simplified.
- the cable inductor (inductor 1) can be constructed from a plurality of conductor bundles.
- FIG. 6 shows the inductor 1 with three conductor bundles, each having an outer insulator (34) according to FIGS. 3 and 4 exhibit.
- FIG. 6a is a conductor bundle in three-dimensional view largely obscured by another conductor bundle.
- FIG. 6b shows the view of the three conductor bundles from the axial direction. All conductor bundles each have an interruption point 4, wherein the interruption points 4 at different longitudinal position along of the inductor 1 done. The positioning of the interruption points 4 is based on FIG. 8 explained.
- the cable inductor according to FIG. 6 is composed of several conductor bundles, which are all interrupted within a short axial distance to each other (eg within 1m).
- the inner conductors of the bundles can be interrupted individually, whereby the interruptions take place with a small axial offset.
- the breaks ie, the break points 4) could then be potted together in a cable sleeve (not shown).
- each outer conductor can be formed from different bundles to a common outer conductor.
- the common outer conductor could be passed through a common outer insulating body.
- FIG. 6 shows a representation with a plurality of hollow cylindrical insulating bodies 34.
- a configuration with a metallic cylinder (from FIG. 5 ) according to FIG. 6 be formed. That is, in this case, it is not hollow cylindrical insulating body 34, but hollow cylindrical metallic body 33. Otherwise, the embodiment according to FIG. 6 corresponding.
- FIG. 6b shows a section through the inductor at an inductor portion in which the wires are not spread. The cut is thus made by a section in which the wires are compactly twisted. The cutting plane would be outside the in FIG. 6a illustrated area.
- FIG. 6b Incidentally, therefore, also illustrates that the wires of the conductor 2 and the wires of the other conductor 3 in the inductor portions in which they are not spread, are twisted such that the wires of the conductor 2 and the wires of the other conductor 3 alternately - Alternating - are arranged.
- FIG. 7 shows analogously to FIG. 6 the inductor 1 with three conductor bundles, each having an outer insulator (34) according to Figures 3 and 4.
- Figure 7a is a conductor bundle in three-dimensional view largely obscured by another conductor bundle.
- FIG. 7b shows the view of the three conductor bundles from the axial direction. All conductor bundles each have an interruption point 4, wherein the interruption points 4 can take place at different longitudinal position along the inductor 1 or at the same longitudinal position.
- the representation in FIG. 7 is to be understood that in the insulation body 34 shown only one conductor is interrupted. Alternatively, several conductors may be interrupted in the insulation body 34 shown.
- the cable inductor according to FIG. 7 is made up of several conductor bundles.
- the inner conductors of the bundles can be interrupted individually. The breaks could then be potted together in a cable sleeve (not shown).
- FIG. 7 illustrates that central axes of the three hollow cylinders are arranged offset by 120 Ā° to each other, with respect to a central axis of the insulating body (34 '). This type of arrangement leads to no lateral offset and thus a very compact design.
- FIG. 7 shows a representation with several united hollow cylindrical insulating bodies 34 '.
- an embodiment with a common metallic cylinder (assembled from the individual metallic cylinders FIG. 5 ) according to FIG. 7 be formed. That is, in this case, it is not a body of a plurality of hollow cylindrical insulating bodies, but a plurality of hollow cylindrical metallic bodies. Otherwise, the embodiment according to FIG. 7 corresponding.
- the inductor 1 per se is a twisted cable of a plurality of individually insulated wires, with the twist for the interruption points possibly being widened.
- two conductor bundles - denoted by 2 and 3 - are shown, wherein all the wires of a conductor bundle is at the same potential.
- the wires of the conductor bundles are twisted so that wires of the first conductor bundle are adjacent to wires of a second conductor bundle, and then in turn connect wires of the first conductor bundle.
- inductors with more than two conductor bundles. Then, with N conductor bundles, one wire each of the different conductor bundles are arranged adjacent to one another, followed by the next N wires of one wire each of the different conductor bundles.
- FIG. 8 shows an inductor 1 comprising at least two multifilament conductors 21, 22, wherein the multifilament conductors 21, 22 are each formed of a plurality of conductors 2.
- Each conductor 2 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 thus has interruption points 4, wherein the end portions 6, not shown, of the conductors 2 are formed according to the invention at the points of interruption 4.
- the multifilament conductors 21, 22 of a plurality of conductors 2 according to FIG. 1 together.
- the conductors 2 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 are substantially parallel to each other. Due to the interruption points 4 and an offset 14 of the interruption points 4 of the first multifilament conductor 21 with respect to the interruption points 4 of the second multifilament conductor 22, the conductors 2 of the first multifilament conductor 21 are advantageously capacitively coupled to the conductors 2 of the second multifilament conductor 22.
- the offset 14 essentially corresponds to a resonance length, wherein the offset 14 continues periodically along the conductor 2.
- each conductor 2 has a plurality of interruption points 4, wherein the interruption points 4 of each conductor 2 have a constant distance from each other.
- the conductor 12 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 improves the partial discharge resistance of the inductor 1 by means of the end regions 6 (not illustrated in more detail and according to the invention).
- the mechanical strength at the points of interruption 4 is increased.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view in which the rounded conductive body 40, 40 'is placed as a sleeve 31 on a cable end of a respective wire of the inductor.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 In this case relate to an embodiment in which a conductor according to the invention consists of a single wire - a single wire. Each individual wire is separated at a point of interruption and the two resulting ends are individually provided with a sleeve 31 each.
- an interruption point 4 is shown as an alternative embodiment Figure 1 to 5 , An end portion 6 of the conductor 2 - this may be a plurality of twisted wires - is stripped. Otherwise is the Head 2 surrounded by an insulation 55.
- a largely cylindrical and largely rotationally symmetrical sleeve 31 includes a recess for receiving the end portion 6 of the conductor 2. The other end of the sleeve 31 forms the rounded conductive body 40, 40 '.
- the firm connection - conductive and non-positive - preferably takes place by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding.
- the other end of the broken conductor also receives a corresponding sleeve 31.
- the sleeve 31 - hereinafter also referred to as the shielding sleeve - is a molded part, preferably on copper or another electrically conductive material.
- the sleeve 31 corresponds to a cable lug, which can be pushed in the manufacture of the inductor via a wire end - the end portion 6 -.
- the sleeve 31 thus has in operation the same electrical potential as the conductor. 2
- an insulating spacer 32 having two opposite recesses, each corresponding to the superficial shape of the rounded conductive body 40, 40'.
- the insulating spacer 32 can be positively and / or non-positively connected to the rounded conductive body 40, 40 '.
- the insulating spacer 32 yields FIG. 9 a recess into which the rounded conductive body 40, 40 'can penetrate.
- the insulating spacer 32 also preferably surrounds the sleeve 31 transversely to the axial extent of the sleeve 31, so that the sleeve 31 is arranged coaxially with the conductor 2 and / or the insulating spacer 32.
- the entire arrangement of the interruption point 4 is enclosed by an electrically insulating sleeve 30.
- the sleeve 30 is in particular a spray sleeve.
- An injection molded sleeve has the advantage that cavities and air pockets can be avoided.
- the sleeve 30 has an insulating effect and at the same time gives mechanical stability.
- the sleeve 30 encloses in particular the two end portions 6 of the conductor 2, the two sleeves 31 and the spacer 32.
- the sleeve 30 encloses already insulated portions of the conductor 2, but also in particular the stripped portions of the conductor 2 in the end regions 6.
- Die Sleeve 30 is in particular a rotationally symmetrical body.
- the two ends of the wire which are formed when a wire is broken, are inserted into the insulating element in order to connect and electrically isolate them mechanically, in a defined position.
- the insulating element consists of two conductive shielding sleeves (31) (for example a copper molding), an electrically insulating spacers 32 mechanically connecting the shielding sleeves (31) and an outwardly acting insulating sheath, which is designed in particular as a sprayed sleeve (30).
- the mechanical and electrical connection of single wire end and shielding sleeve (31) can by deformation of the collar of the shielding sleeve (31) by means of a suitable pressing / crimping tool, wherein the tool is designed such that no burrs or edges on the shielding sleeve (31) arise.
- connection can be made by soldering, welding or electrically conductive bonding.
- the spacer 32 is made of a high-temperature-resistant and electrically insulating material, for example, a plastic such as PFA (perfluoroalkoxylalkane), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or a ceramic.
- the shielding sleeves (31) are mechanically fixed, preferably inserted in a form-fitting manner in the spacer 32.
- the spacer provides a defined axial distance between the screen sleeves (31), coaxially orientes the screen sleeves (31) and centers them.
- the production of the insulation element is completed by a gas-free sheath (in the form of said spray sleeve) of shielding sleeve pair (31) and spacer 32 by a high temperature resistant insulating material, which already touches the single core insulation.
- Insulating plastics for example those mentioned above
- those which can be applied by a spray, (vacuum) potting or extrusion process are suitable.
- the same thermoplastic material can be used, which already form the outer layer of the single core insulation and / or the spacer 32, for example PFA.
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment FIG. 9 in which the arrangement is analogous to the shape of the sleeves 31 and the spacer 32 FIG. 9 is trained.
- the transition between the sleeve 31 and the spacer 32 is largely inverse to FIG. 9 ie concave surfaces are now convex and vice versa.
- the rounded conductive body 40, 40 'points in FIG. 9 a hemispherical convex surface on.
- FIG. 10 it now has a continuously curved collar-shaped surface (40B).
- the surface of the sleeve 31 is partially concave. Since the sleeve 31 is preferably rotationally symmetrical, one can also designate the shape of the axial end face directed toward the spacer 32 as a torus-shaped, more precisely as a half-torus-shaped.
- the spacer 32 is again adapted to the surface of the sleeve 31.
- the insulating spacer 32 has a rounded pin.
- the pin can be inserted into the recess of the central collar-shaped surface (40B) of the sleeve 31, so that a stable connection between sleeve 31 and spacer 32 is formed.
- the spacer 32 is in FIGS. 9 and 10 formed axisymmetric and rotationally symmetrical.
- the surfaces of the conductive elements are as uniform as possible and the conductive body is rounded, so that a rollover of a current arc can be avoided.
- the spacer 32 provides a defined axial distance between the mutually facing surfaces (40A) of the shield sleeves (31). It orients the screen sleeves (31) coaxially with one another. He centers them on each other.
- FIG. 10 The design of the FIG. 10 is different FIG. 9 in that the spacer 32 is introduced analogously to the wire ends into a screen sleeve (31) which is in turn modified on both sides with blind bores.
- a screen sleeve (31) which is in turn modified on both sides with blind bores.
- Alternatively - not shown - can also be a through hole with possibly different radii on both sides of a shielding sleeve (31) are used.
- the connection of shield sleeves (31) and electrically insulating spacer 32 can bwz by pressing bwz. Crimping (possibly in one operation together with the wire ends) or gluing done.
- the final injection molded sleeve - so the sleeve 30 - again turns the Isolation radially outward, in particular to the adjacent continuous wires, safe.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 relate to an embodiment in which the conductor 2 in the context of the invention consists of a plurality of individual wires. All of these individual wires belonging to a conductor are separated at an interruption point. This is advantageous if a twisted cable already exists and subsequently interruption points are to be inserted.
- an embodiment in which the conductor 2 in the sense of the invention consists of a single individual wire.
- This single wire can for example have a cross-section of approximately 1 mm 2.
- Each individual wire is separated at a point of interruption and the two resulting ends are individually provided with a sleeve 31 each.
- This embodiment is advantageous if individual wires are provided in advance with interruption points and only then a twisting or stranding or winding to a common cable comprising a plurality of these individual wires is produced.
- the stranding causes a strain relief for the inductor. 1
- the arrangement allows the avoidance of local elevations of the electric field strength at otherwise existing conductor edges and tips, which can lead to partial discharges and thus to failure of the inductor 1. It is also advantageous that the number of critical conductor ends is drastically reduced, which also serves to increase the reliability.
- a positive side effect is that the inductor cable (in a first step but without interruptions) can be made continuously like a common cable, and the Interruptions are made later. This makes it possible, in particular, to subject the uninterruptible cable in advance to a partial discharge test in order to identify any weak points of the individual conductor insulation in advance.
- the determination of the resonant frequency which depends on the distance of the interruptions in addition to the inductor loop geometry, after the cable production tuned to the respective reservoir done and need not be known before the cable production. That The cable can be produced within limits independently of the individual deposit and the adaptation to it takes place only by the subsequent introduction of the interruption points in individually defined distance (resonance length).
- the shield sleeves (31) envelop the individual wire ends, which generally have sharp edges and ridges due to the separation / cutting without further measures, and avoid overshoots of the electric field at the individual wire ends due to the shielding effect due to the same potential of the wire end and shielding sleeve (31 ).
- the spacers 32 ensure that the electric field strength between a pair of screen sleeves (each reference numeral 31) does not exceed critical values.
- the insulation element provides a tension-proof connection of one wire end via first shielding sleeve (31), spacer 32, second shielding sleeve (31) to the other end of the wire. This is needed for subsequent stranding steps.
- the spacer after FIG. 9 guarantees a minimum layer thickness of the insulation thickness in the radial direction, even if the injection sleeve - that is, the sleeve 30 - is applied axially offset, since the spacer can lie during the injection process maximum on the inner wall of the mold.
- FIG. 11 shows a perspective section of an oil sands reservoir as a deposit with a largely horizontally extending in the reservoir inductor 1, which can also be referred to as electrical conductor loop. It is shown as a reservoir oil sands deposit, with the specific considerations always a cuboid unit 100 with the length l, the width w and the height h is taken out.
- the length l may for example be up to some 500 m, the width w 60 to 100 m and the height h about 20 to 100 m. It has to be taken into account that starting from the earth's surface E there can be an overburden of thickness s up to 500 m.
- an arrangement for inductive heating of the reservoir cutout 100 is shown. This can be formed by a long, ie some 100 m to 1.5 km, laid in the ground conductor loop 120 to 121, wherein the forward conductor 120 and return conductor 121 side by side, ie at the same depth, are guided and at the end via an element 15 within or outside the reservoir.
- the conductors 120 and 121 are led down vertically or at a shallow angle and are powered by a high frequency generator 60 which may be housed in an external housing.
- the high-frequency generator 60 or medium-frequency generator preferably covers a range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz or a sub-range and can preferably be set to any frequencies in this frequency range. Also conceivable is an operating range from 1 kHz to 500 kHz.
- the conductors 120 and 121 run side by side at the same depth. But they can also be performed on top of each other. Below the conductor loop (ie, the conductors 120 and 121), ie, on the bottom of the reservoir unit 100, a conveying pipe 102 is indicated, can be collected and / or removed via the liquefied bitumen or heavy oil.
- Typical distances between the return and return conductors 120, 121 are 5 to 60 m with an outer diameter of the conductors of 10 to 50 cm (0.1 to 0.5 m).
- the forward conductor 120 and the return conductor 121 FIG. 11 are at least in the region of their largely horizontal extent preferably with interruptions according to the FIGS. 1 to 10 educated.
- Exemplary operating parameters are, for example, an inductively introduced heating power of 1 kW per meter of double cable.
- a current amplitude can be provided, for example, 300 A to 1000 A.
- a single wire may be 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter.
- all the wires in the inductor can have a cross section of 1000 to 1500 mm 2 .
- the inductor may consist of 2500 to 3500 individual solid wires.
- material for the wires copper may be provided.
- As insulation for each wire for example Teflon can be provided.
- Wall thickness of the insulation can be, for example 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
- the double resonance length for an exemplary inductor may be e.g. 35 to 50 m.
- the arrangement of the wires in the longitudinal direction is carried out with an offset of the interruption points to the resonance length.
- the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit located in a geological formation, in particular for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing substance - in particular crude oil - from the deposit.
- An inductor is proposed which is designed for "in situ" extraction of underground deposits, for example from a depth of about 75 m. This means that with this technique, the oil sands - the sand and the rock with the contained oil - remain in place.
- the oil or the bitumen is separated from the grain of sand by means of electromagnetic waves and possibly further different processes and made more flowable so that it can be conveyed.
- the presented "in situ" -method has the principle to increase the temperature in the ground and thus to reduce the viscosity of the bound oil or bitumen and make it more fluid, in order to pump it afterwards.
- the effect of heat in particular causes long-chain hydrocarbons of the high-viscosity bitumen to split.
- the inductor - ie an electrical conductor which is designed as an induction line - can be operated as a resonance circuit with little loss. Since both ends of the inductor are preferably connected to the frequency generator, the induction line forms an induction loop.
- the technical realization of the electrical line is performed as a resonant circuit.
- the frequency generator may preferably be formed as a frequency converter, which converts a voltage having a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz from the mains to a voltage having a frequency in the range of 1kHz to 500kHz.
- the frequency converter can be installed on a day-to-day basis.
- at least one of the deposit zones heated by the induction loop can preferably be used Drilling hole to be drilled.
- optionally between two continuous quasi-parallel bores in which the induction loop is arranged be provided at least one injection hole for the injection of hot steam.
- the conductor loop or induction loop acts as an induction heater in operation to introduce additional heat into the deposit.
- the active area of the conductor may describe a nearly closed loop (ie, an oval) in the substantial horizontal direction within the deposit.
- the active area may be adjoined by an end area, possibly located above ground. The above-ground parts of the beginning and end of the conductor can be electrically connected to a power source - the frequency generator.
- the capacitance in the conductor can be formed between cable sections.
- An existing dielectric is chosen so that it meets a high withstand voltage and high temperature resistance.
- Insulating the inductor against the surrounding soil is advantageous for preventing resistive currents through the earth between the adjacent cable sections, particularly in the region of the capacitors.
- the insulation furthermore prevents a resistive current flow between the forward and return conductors.
- the compensation of the longitudinal inductance can be done in operation by means of transverse capacitances.
- the capacitance - which is a two-wire line such.
- B. provides a coaxial line or multi-wire cables anyway over their entire length - can be used to compensate for the Leksindukt professionen.
- the inner and outer conductors are alternately interrupted at equal intervals, thus forcing the flow of current through the distributed transverse capacitances.
- the temperature in operation in the heating zone depends on the electromagnetic power introduced, which consists of the geological and physical (eg electrical conductivity) parameters of the deposit, as well as the technical parameters of the electrical arrangement, in particular consisting of the inductor and the high frequency generator , results.
- This temperature can reach up to 300 Ā° C and is adjustable by changing the current through the loop of the inductor.
- the regulation takes place via the frequency generator.
- the electrical conductivity of the reservoir may be increased by injecting additional water or another fluid, e.g. As an electrolyte can be increased.
- the temperature development is initially due to the induction of eddy currents in the electrically conductive areas of the substrate.
- temperature gradients that is, places of higher temperature than the original reservoir temperature
- the places of higher temperature arise where eddy currents are induced.
- the starting point of the heat is therefore not the induction loop or the electrical conductor, but it is the eddy currents induced by the electromagnetic field in the electrically conductive layer.
- the input power is preferably set between 100kW to several megawatts.
- the invention relates only to an inductor. In a deposit, however, depending on the size of several inductors can be moved side by side and at a distance from each other.
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Description
Zur in-situ Fƶrderung von Kohlenwasserstoffen aus einer unterirdischen LagerstƤtte, beispielsweise zur Fƶrderung von Schwerƶlen, Schwerstƶlen oder Bitumen aus Ćlsand oder Ćlschiefervorkommen, ist es notwendig, eine mƶglichst groĆe FlieĆfƤhigkeit der zu fƶrdernden Kohlenwasserstoffe zu erreichen. Eine Mƶglichkeit die FlieĆfƤhigkeit der Kohlenwasserstoffe bei ihrer Fƶrderung zu verbessern ist, die in der LagerstƤtte vorherrschende Temperatur zu erhƶhen.For in-situ production of hydrocarbons from an underground reservoir, for example for the production of heavy oils, heavy oils or bitumen from oil sands or oil shale deposits, it is necessary to achieve the greatest possible flowability of the hydrocarbons to be pumped. One way to improve the fluidity of hydrocarbons in their production is to increase the temperature prevailing in the reservoir.
Eine angewendete Methode zur Erhƶhung der Temperatur der LagerstƤtte ist das induktive Heizen mittels eines Induktors, welcher in die LagerstƤtte (d.h. in das Erdreich) eingebracht wird. Mittels des Induktors werden in elektrisch leitfƤhigen LagerstƤtten (auch Reservoir genannt) durch sich ausbildende elektromagnetische Felder Wirbelstrƶme induziert, welche die LagerstƤtte aufheizen, so dass es folglich zu einer Verbesserung der FlieĆfƤhigkeit der in der LagerstƤtte vorliegenden Kohlenwasserstoffe kommt. Wirbelstrƶme werden dabei insbesondere in dem Porenwasser der LagerstƤtte, das durch darin gelƶste Salze eine elektrische LeitfƤhigkeit aufweist, induziert. Der WƤrmeĆ¼bergang vom Wasser zur Kohlenwasserstoff erfolgt durch WƤrmeleitung.One method used to increase the temperature of the deposit is to inductive heating by means of an inductor which is introduced into the deposit (i.e., into the soil). By means of the inductor eddy currents are induced in electrically conductive deposits (also called reservoir) by forming electromagnetic fields, which heat the deposit, so that there is thus an improvement in the fluidity of the hydrocarbons present in the deposit. In this case, eddy currents are induced in particular in the pore water of the deposit, which has an electrical conductivity due to salts dissolved therein. The heat transfer from the water to the hydrocarbon takes place by heat conduction.
Um eine zur geforderten Temperaturerhƶhung ausreichende Heizleistung in der Umgebung des Induktors zu erreichen, sind typischerweise groĆe WechselstromstƤrken von einigen 100 A nƶtig, da das den Induktor umgebende Reservoir meist nur gering elektrisch leitfƤhig ist. Durch einen Betrieb des Induktors mit einer hohen WechselstromstƤrke ergibt sich ein hoher induktiver Spannungsabfall entlang des Induktors, wobei der induktive Spannungsabfall in der GrƶĆenordnung von einigen 100 kV liegen kann. Solch hohe Spannungen lassen sich nur schwer praktisch handhaben, so dass es zweckmƤĆig ist, diese zu kompensieren.In order to achieve a sufficient heat to the required temperature increase in the vicinity of the inductor, typically large AC amperages of some 100 A are necessary because the reservoir surrounding the inductor is usually only slightly electrically conductive. Operating the inductor at a high AC current results in a high inductive voltage drop across the inductor, with the inductive voltage drop being on the order of a few hundred kV. Such high voltages can only be achieved difficult to handle practically, so that it is expedient to compensate for them.
Eine Kompensation des induktiven Spannungsabfalls wird, wie in der Patentschrift
Bei der Serienschaltung von Kondensatoren kann nachteilig sein, dass die Unterbrechungsstelle Schwachstellen des Induktors ausbilden kann. An den Unterbrechungsstellen kƶnnten im Falle eines Fehlers beispielsweise Teilentladungen auftreten. Aufgrund der UnzugƤnglichkeit eines tief in die LagerstƤtte eingebrachten Induktors sind besonders hohe Anforderungen an die ZuverlƤssigkeit des Induktors zu stellen. Insbesondere wird ein kontinuierlicher und wartungsfreier Betrieb Ć¼ber zehn bis zwanzig Jahre angestrebt. Bei Ausfall eines Kondensators des Induktors wĆ¼rde aufgrund der Reihenschaltung der Kondensatoren der gesamte Induktor funktionsuntĆ¼chtig und mĆ¼sste ausgetauscht werden.In the series connection of capacitors may be disadvantageous that the interruption point can form weak points of the inductor. At the points of interruption, for example, partial discharges could occur in the event of a fault. Due to the inaccessibility of a deeply introduced into the deposit inductor are particularly high demands on the reliability of the inductor to make. In particular, a continuous and maintenance-free operation over ten to twenty years is desired. In case of failure of a capacitor of the inductor due to the series connection of the capacitors, the entire inductor would be inoperative and would have to be replaced.
Ein Induktor zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation mittels elektromagnetischer Induktion mit einem Leiter, der eine Unterbrechungsstelle aufweist, ist aus der
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt folglich die Aufgabe zugrunde, die ZuverlƤssigkeit eines Induktors zu verbessern.The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve the reliability of an inductor.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Induktor mit den Merkmalen des unabhƤngigen Patentanspruches 1 und durch ein Betriebsverfahren mit den Merkmalen des unabhƤngigen Patentanspruches 14 gelƶst. In den abhƤngigen PatenansprĆ¼chen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung angegeben.The object is achieved by an inductor having the features of
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Induktor zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation, insbesondere einer LagerstƤtte einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz, beispielsweise eine Ćlsand-, Ćlschiefer- oder SchwerƶllagerstƤtte, mittels elektromagnetischer Induktion, insbesondere zur Gewinnung der kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz aus der LagerstƤtte, umfassend wenigstens einen Leiter, wobei der Leiter wenigstens eine Unterbrechungsstelle aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens an einem Endbereich des Leiters an der Unterbrechungsstelle ein abgerundeter leitender Kƶrper aufgebracht ist.The invention relates to an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit, comprising at least one conductor, wherein the conductor has at least one point of interruption, characterized in that at least at one end portion of the conductor at the point of interruption, a rounded conductive body is applied.
Bevorzugt sind beide Endbereiche eines unterbrochenen Leiters an der Unterbrechungsstelle wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgebildet.Preferably, both end portions of a broken conductor are formed at the point of interruption as described above.
Unter dem erfindungsgemƤĆen Aufbringen eines abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers wird insbesondere das Kontaktieren des abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers mit dem Endbereich Leiter verstanden. Dabei stellt der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper ein separates Element dar. Es handelt sich nicht bloĆ um eine Verformung des Endbereichs des Leiters.The application of a rounded conductive body according to the invention is understood in particular as the contacting of the rounded conductive body with the end region of the conductor. In this case, the rounded conductive body is a separate element. It is not merely a deformation of the end portion of the conductor.
Der Induktor stellt einen Stromleiter dar. Der Stromleiter ist vorzugsweise kabelƤhnlich aus einer Vielzahl von elektrisch zueinander isolierten EinzeldrƤhten hergestellt. Es kann bei wiederholter Anbringung von Unterbrechungsstellen am erfindungsgemƤĆen Induktor ein elektrischer Serienschwingkreis erhalten werden, wobei die Auslegung vorzugsweise derart erfolgt, dass eine Resonanzfrequenz im Bereich von ca. 10 kHz bis 200 kHz erhalten wird, die auch die bevorzugte Betriebsfrequenz des Induktors darstellt. Der Induktor wird dabei vorzugsweise Ć¼ber einen Generator angesteuert, der zumindest mit dem genannten Frequenzbereich betrieben wird.The inductor is a conductor. The conductor is preferably made cable-like from a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires. It can be obtained with repeated attachment of interruption points on the inductor according to the invention, an electrical series resonant circuit, wherein the design is preferably such that a resonance frequency in the range of about 10 kHz to 200 kHz is obtained, which also represents the preferred operating frequency of the inductor. The inductor is preferably driven by a generator which is operated at least with the aforementioned frequency range.
Die erfindungsgemƤĆe Unterbrechungsstelle wird verwendet, um kapazitiv wirkende Leiterabschnitte (im Sinne von Kondensatoren) zu bilden. Dies erfolgt durch die kapazitive Kopplung von benachbarten Leitergruppen Ć¼ber eine definierte LeiterlƤnge - beispielsweise 10 bis 50m - zur Blindleistungskompensation. Die KapazitƤten werden vorzugsweise als Reihenschaltung angeordnet. Bei einer Reihenschaltung wĆ¼rde bei Ausfall eines Kondensators in AbhƤngigkeit vom Fehlerfall der komplette Induktor funktionsuntĆ¼chtig werden. Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć dadurch verringert, dass eine Teilentladung-Festigkeit von isolierten Einzeldrahtenden gegen benachbarte durchgehende DrƤhte und dem gegenĆ¼berliegenden Drahtende erhƶht wird.The interruption point according to the invention is used to form capacitively acting conductor sections (in the sense of capacitors). This is done by the capacitive coupling of adjacent conductor groups over a defined conductor length - for example 10 to 50m - for reactive power compensation. The capacitances are preferably arranged as a series connection. In the case of a series connection, if one capacitor fails, the complete inductor would become inoperative depending on the fault. This problem is inventively reduced in that a partial discharge strength of isolated individual wire ends is increased against adjacent continuous wires and the opposite end of the wire.
Ein weiterer erfindungsgemƤĆer Vorteil ist, dass scharfe Kanten, die ansonsten zu einer FeldstƤrkeĆ¼berhƶhung (Ćberhƶhung der elektrischen FeldstƤrke) an der Unterbrechungsstelle fĆ¼hren wĆ¼rden, mittels der erfindungsgemƤĆen Ausgestaltung vermieden werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird durch die Vermeidung von FeldstƤrkeĆ¼berhƶhungen, die Ć¼ber die Dauer des kontinuierlichen Betriebes des Induktors zu einer Zerstƶrung der Isolierschicht an der Unterbrechungsstelle und folglich zu einem Ausfall des Induktors fĆ¼hren kƶnnen, die ZuverlƤssigkeit des Induktors weiter verbessert.A further advantage according to the invention is that sharp edges, which would otherwise lead to a field strength increase (increase in the electric field strength) at the point of interruption, are avoided by means of the embodiment according to the invention. Advantageously, by avoiding field strength peaks that can lead to destruction of the insulating layer at the point of interruption over the duration of the continuous operation of the inductor, and consequently failure of the inductor, the reliability of the inductor is further improved.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist darauf gerichtet, jeden einzelnen Draht - eine Ader -, der vorzugsweise individuell isoliert ist, mit eine derartigen Unterbrechungsstelle vorzusehen. Jeder Draht hat vorzugsweise in wiederholenden AbstƤnden solche Unterbrechungsstellen. Diese Ausgestaltung ist vorteilhaft, wenn ein Draht fĆ¼r einen Induktor in einem ersten Schritt vorbereitet wird und erst anschlieĆend, mitsamt einer Abfolge von Unterbrechungsstellen mit weiteren DrƤhten verseilt wird.An embodiment of the invention is directed to providing each individual wire - a wire - which is preferably individually insulated, with such an interruption point. Each wire preferably has such break points at repeating intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if a wire for an inductor is prepared in a first step and only then, together with a sequence of interruption points, is stranded with further wires.
Eine andere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist darauf gerichtet, ein BĆ¼ndel von DrƤhten, wobei die DrƤhte vorzugsweise individuell isoliert sind, mit eine derartigen Unterbrechungsstelle vorzusehen. An einer Position im Induktor werden alle DrƤhte eines BĆ¼ndels unterbrochen und nicht lediglich ein Draht. Die Unterbrechungsstellen erfolgen Ć¼ber die LƤnge des Induktors in wiederholenden AbstƤnden. Diese Ausgestaltung ist vorteilhaft, wenn bereits vollstƤndig verseiltes Kabel ohne Unterbrechungsstellen vorliegt und zur Erreichung eines Induktors in einem nachfolgenden Schritt nachbearbeitet wird, in dem ein BĆ¼ndel von DrƤhten an des Kabels wiederholt an bestimmten Stellen durchtrennt wird.Another embodiment of the invention is directed to providing a bundle of wires, the wires preferably being individually insulated, with such an interruption point. At a position in the inductor, all the wires in a bundle are broken, not just a wire. The interruption points are made over the length of the inductor at repeated intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if already completely stranded cable is present without interruption points and is post-processed to achieve an inductor in a subsequent step in which a bunch of wires on the cable is repeatedly cut at certain points.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper eine halbkugelfƶrmige OberflƤche oder eine kontinuierlich gekrĆ¼mmte kragenfƶrmige OberflƤche umfassten.In one embodiment of the invention, the rounded conductive body may comprise a hemispherical surface or a continuously curved collar-shaped surface.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann der Leiter aus mehreren, vorzugsweise einzeln - d.h. individuell - isolierten, DrƤhten bestehen. Drahtenden des Endbereichs des Leiters kƶnnen mit dem abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper mittels Pressung und/oder Crimpung und/oder Lƶtung und/oder SchweiĆung und/oder elektrisch leitfƤhigen Klebung verbunden sind.In a further embodiment, the conductor can be made up of a plurality, preferably individually - i. individually insulated wires. Wire ends of the end portion of the conductor may be connected to the rounded conductive body by means of compression and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding.
Des Weiteren kann der Leiter aus einem einzelnen Draht bestehen. Eine Vielzahl von Leitern kƶnnen den Induktor bilden.Furthermore, the conductor may consist of a single wire. A variety of conductors can form the inductor.
Weiterhin kann der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper an einem Ende als HĆ¼lse ausgebildet sein. Der Endbereich des Leiters kann in die HĆ¼lse eingefĆ¼hrt sein.Furthermore, the rounded conductive body may be formed at one end as a sleeve. The end portion of the conductor may be inserted into the sleeve.
Insbesondere kann die HĆ¼lse eine Sackbohrung oder Durchgangsbohrung aufweisen, in die der Endbereich des Leiters in die HĆ¼lse eingefĆ¼hrt ist.In particular, the sleeve may have a blind bore or through bore into which the end region of the conductor is inserted into the sleeve.
Vorzugsweise kann eine mechanische Verbindung zwischen der HĆ¼lse und des Endbereichs des Leiters mittels Pressung und/oder Crimpung und/oder Lƶtung und/oder SchweiĆung und/oder elektrisch leitfƤhigen Klebung erfolgen.Preferably, a mechanical connection between the sleeve and the end region of the conductor by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive adhesion can take place.
In einer Ausgestaltung kann an einem weiteren Endbereich des Leiters an der Unterbrechungsstelle ein weiterer abgerundeter leitender Kƶrper aufgebracht sein. Zwischen dem abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper und dem weiteren abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper kann ein isolierender Abstandshalter positioniert sein.In one embodiment, a further rounded conductive body can be applied to a further end region of the conductor at the point of interruption. Between the rounded conductive body and the further rounded conductive body may be positioned an insulating spacer.
Weiterhin kann der isolierende Abstandshalter einen OberflƤchenabschnitt aufweisen, derart ausgestaltet, dass der OberflƤchenabschnitt des isolierenden Abstandshalters mechanisch und vorzugsweise formschlĆ¼ssig mit einem OberflƤchenabschnitt des abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers verbunden ist.Furthermore, the insulating spacer may have a surface portion configured such that the surface portion of the insulating spacer is mechanically and preferably positively connected to a surface portion of the rounded conductive body.
Ferner kann der isolierende Abstandshalter so ausgestaltet sein und kƶnnen OberflƤchenformen des isolierenden Abstandshalters derart in OberflƤchenformen des abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers und in OberflƤchenformen des weiteren abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers eingreifen, dass der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper und in der weitere abgerundete leitende Kƶrper zueinander ohne Versatz und in vorgegebenem Abstand fixiert werden.Further, the insulating spacer may be configured and surface shapes of the insulating spacer may be engaged in surface shapes of the rounded conductive body and surface shapes of the further rounded conductive body such that the rounded conductive body and in the other rounded conductive body to each other without offset and at a predetermined distance be fixed.
Vorzugsweise kann eine mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem abgerundeten leitende Kƶrper und des isolierenden Abstandshalter mittels Pressung und/oder Crimpung und/oder Lƶtung und/oder SchweiĆung und/oder Klebung erfolgen.Preferably, a mechanical connection between the rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or gluing done.
Weiterhin kann der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper und der weitere abgerundete leitende Kƶrper und der isolierender Abstandshalter in eine hohlzylindrischen weiteren HĆ¼lse eingefĆ¼hrt sein, wobei die weitere HĆ¼lse als Isolator oder als leitfƤhige HĆ¼lse ausgebildet ist.Furthermore, the rounded conductive body and the further rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer may be inserted into a hollow cylindrical further sleeve, wherein the further sleeve is formed as an insulator or as a conductive sleeve.
DrƤhte eines weiteren Leiters kƶnnen dabei durch das Material der als Isolator ausgebildeten weiteren HĆ¼lse gefĆ¼hrt werden.Wires of another conductor can be guided by the material of the formed as an insulator further sleeve.
Vorzugsweise kƶnnen DrƤhte eines weiteren Leiters mit dem Material der leitfƤhigen HĆ¼lse leitend verbunden sein.Preferably, wires of another conductor may be conductively connected to the material of the conductive sleeve.
Der Induktor kann weiterhin mindestens zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndel umfassen, wobei ein erstes der zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndel mindestens den ersten Leiter und einen zweiten Leiter umfassen kann und ein zweites der zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndel mindestens einen dritten Leiter und einen vierten Leiter umfassen kann, wobei eine erste hohlzylindrische HĆ¼lse mit einer zweiten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse derart einstĆ¼ckig ausgebildet ist, dass ein Mantelkƶrper der ersten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse und ein Mantelkƶrper der zweiten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse fĆ¼r einen Abschnitt miteinander vereint sind. Es entsteht somit eine HĆ¼lse, die im Querschnitt der Form der Zahl 8 entspricht.The inductor may further comprise at least two conductor bundles, wherein a first of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least the first conductor and a second conductor, and a second of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor, wherein a first hollow cylindrical sleeve is integrally formed with a second hollow cylindrical sleeve, that a jacket body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a shell body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve are united together for a portion , It thus creates a sleeve which corresponds in cross section to the shape of the number 8.
DarĆ¼ber hinaus kann der Induktor mindestens drei LeiterbĆ¼ndel umfassen. Ein erstes der drei LeiterbĆ¼ndel kann mindestens den ersten Leiter und einen zweiten Leiter umfassen. Ein zweites der drei LeiterbĆ¼ndel kann mindestens einen dritten Leiter und einen vierten Leiter umfassen. Ein drittes der drei LeiterbĆ¼ndel kann mindestens einen fĆ¼nften Leiter und einen sechsten Leiter umfassen. Eine erste hohlzylindrische HĆ¼lse kann mit einer zweiten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse und mit einer dritten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse derart einstĆ¼ckig ausgebildet sein, dass:
- ein Mantelkƶrper der ersten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse und ein Mantelkƶrper der zweiten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse fĆ¼r einen ersten Abschnitt miteinander vereint sind, und
- der Mantelkƶrper der ersten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse und ein Mantelkƶrper der dritten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse fĆ¼r einen zweiten Abschnitt miteinander vereint sind, und
- der Mantelkƶrper der zweiten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse und der Mantelkƶrper der dritten hohlzylindrischen HĆ¼lse fĆ¼r einen dritten Abschnitt miteinander vereint sind.
- a sheath body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a sheath body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve are united together for a first portion, and
- the sheath body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a sheath body of the third hollow cylindrical sheath for a second portion are united together, and
- the sheath body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve and the sheath body of the third hollow cylindrical sheath are united together for a third section.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kƶnnen die Unterbrechungsstelle des Leiters und an die Unterbrechungsstelle anschlieĆende Leiterabschnitte und an der Unterbrechungsstelle vorgesehene Komponenten von einer Muffe umschlossen sein.In a development of the invention, the point of interruption of the conductor and conductor sections adjoining the point of interruption and components provided at the point of interruption may be enclosed by a sleeve.
Vorzugsweise kann der Induktor als Multifilamentleiter ausbildet sein. Insbesondere kann der Leiter einen Leiter oder einen Draht des Multifilamentleiters ausbilden.Preferably, the inductor can be formed as a multifilament conductor. In particular, the conductor may form a conductor or a wire of the multifilament conductor.
Bei einer Mehrzahl von Leitern, die jeweils eine Unterbrechungsstelle aufweisen, kƶnnen die jeweiligen Unterbrechungsstellen der Leiter einen gegenseitigen Versatz entlang einer LƤngserstreckung des Induktors aufweisen.With a plurality of conductors each having an interruption point, the respective interruption points of the conductors may have a mutual offset along a longitudinal extent of the inductor.
Vorzugsweise kƶnnen die Leiter eine verflochtene und/oder verseilte Struktur ausbilden, die sich entlang der LƤngserstreckung des Induktors erstreckt.Preferably, the conductors may form an interlaced and / or stranded structure extending along the length of the inductor.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Betriebsverfahren zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation, insbesondere einer LagerstƤtte einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz, beispielsweise eine Ćlsand-, Ćlschiefer- oder SchwerƶllagerstƤtte, mittels elektromagnetischer Induktion, insbesondere zur Gewinnung der kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz aus der LagerstƤtte, bei dem ein in der geologischen Formation angeordneter Induktor mit wenigstens einem Leiter derart angesteuert wird, dass sich ein elektromagnetisches Feld in der geologischen Formation ausbildet, wobei dazu der Leiter wenigstens eine Unterbrechungsstelle aufweist, wobei wenigstens an einem Endbereich des Leiters an der Unterbrechungsstelle ein abgerundeter leitender Kƶrper aufgebracht ist.The invention further relates to an operating method for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit, in which one in the geological formation arranged inductor with at least one conductor is driven such that an electromagnetic field is formed in the geological formation, to which the conductor has at least one point of interruption, wherein at least at one end portion of the conductor at the point of interruption, a rounded conductive body is applied.
Vorzugsweise kann der Leiter mit Wechselstrom bestromt werden, vorzugsweise mit einer Frequenz im Bereich von 10 kHz bis 200 kHz.Preferably, the conductor can be energized with alternating current, preferably with a frequency in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.
Durch die halbkugelfƶrmige Ausbildung der Enden werden vorteilhafterweise scharfe Kanten oder Ecken, die bei der Herstellung der Unterbrechungsstelle entstehen kƶnnen, beispielsweise durch die Durchtrennung des Leiters mit einem Schneidewerkzeug, ausgeglichen. Die Teilentladungsfestigkeit an der Unterbrechungsstelle des Leiters wird weiter verbessert. Das ist deshalb der Fall, da die halbkugelfƶrmige ebene und/oder glatte Ausbildung des Endes FeldstƤrkeĆ¼berhƶhungen, wie sie beispielsweise bei kantigen Formen auftreten, verhindert. Bevorzugt sind beide Enden der Unterbrechungstelle halbkugelfƶrmig ausgestaltet.The hemispherical design of the ends advantageously sharp edges or corners that may arise in the manufacture of the point of interruption, for example, by the separation of the conductor with a cutting tool compensated. The partial discharge strength at the point of interruption of the conductor is further improved. That is why the hemispherical plane and / or smooth formation of the end field strength peaks, as they occur for example in edged shapes prevented. Preferably, both ends of the interruption point are configured hemispherical.
Bevorzugt ist eine Ausgestaltung des Endbereiches, bei der die KrĆ¼mmungsradien grƶĆer oder gleich einem Radius des Querschnittes (Querschnittsradius) des Leiters sind.An embodiment of the end region in which the radii of curvature are greater than or equal to a radius of the cross section (cross-sectional radius) of the conductor is preferred.
Hierdurch werden FeldstƤrkeĆ¼berhƶhungen weiter verringert, so dass die Teilentladungsfestigkeit des Leiters an der Unterbrechungsstelle zusƤtzlich vergrƶĆert wird.As a result, field strength peaks are further reduced, so that the partial discharge resistance of the conductor at the point of interruption is additionally increased.
GemĆ¤Ć einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bildet der Leiter einen Leiter eines Multifilamentleiters aus.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductor forms a conductor of a multifilament conductor.
Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass insbesondere alle Leiter des Multifilamentleiters eine Unterbrechungsstelle aufweisen, deren Endbereiche erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć ausgebildet sind. Durch Gestaltung eines Multifilamentleiters aus einer Mehrzahl von Leitern mit erfindungsgemƤĆen Endbereichen wird ein besonders vorteilhafter Induktor zur induktiven Heizung ermƶglicht. Hierbei sind die Filamente des Multifilamentleiters mittels der Mehrzahl von Leitern gebildet. Bevorzugt umfasst ein Multifilamentleiter eine Mehrzahl von wenigstens 10 und hƶchstens 5000 Leitern. Hierdurch wird vorteilhafterweise die Heizleistung des Induktors erhƶht.In this case, it is provided that, in particular, all conductors of the multifilament conductor have an interruption point whose end regions are designed according to the invention. By designing a multifilament conductor comprising a plurality of conductors with end regions according to the invention, a particularly advantageous inductor for inductive heating is made possible. Here, the filaments of the multifilament conductor are formed by the plurality of conductors. Preferably, a multifilament conductor comprises a plurality of at least 10 and at most 5000 conductors. As a result, the heating power of the inductor is advantageously increased.
GemĆ¤Ć einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Unterbrechungsstelle des Leiters von einer elektrisch isolierenden Muffe umschlossen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the point of interruption of the conductor is enclosed by an electrically insulating sleeve.
Die Muffe dient zur mechanischen, kraftschlĆ¼ssigen Verbindung der beiden Enden des Leiters, welche Enden durch die Unterbrechungsstelle des Leiters gebildet werden. Hierbei ist die Muffe zweckmƤĆigerweise zur Vermeidung eines Kurzschlusses an der Unterbrechungsstelle elektrisch isolierend ausgebildet. Bevorzugt ist eine aus Isolierstoff und/oder Isolierkunststoff gespritzte Muffe, die beide Enden der Unterbrechungsstelle umschlieĆt. Hierbei ist eine Muffe vorgesehen, deren AuĆendurchmesser wesentlich grƶĆer als der Durchmesser des Querschnittes des Leiters ist.The sleeve serves for the mechanical, frictional connection of the two ends of the conductor, which ends are formed by the point of interruption of the conductor. Here, the sleeve is expediently designed to avoid a short circuit at the point of interruption electrically insulating. Preferred is an insulating material and / or insulating plastic molded sleeve enclosing both ends of the point of interruption. Here, a sleeve is provided, the outer diameter is substantially larger than the diameter of the cross section of the conductor.
Muffe im Sinn der Erfindung ist ein elektrisch isolierendes Abdichtungselement. Es kann sich um eine gespritzte Muffe handeln, die sich ergibt, wenn eine Hohlform ausgespritzt wird. Sie wirkt isolierend und verleiht mechanische StabilitƤt.Sleeve in the sense of the invention is an electrically insulating sealing element. It can be a molded sleeve, which results when a mold is ejected. It has an insulating effect and gives mechanical stability.
Eine Muffe ist vorliegend eine Verbindungselement und insbesondere auch ein Isolations- und/oder Schutzelemente. Die Muffe ist vorzugsweise fest mit dem eingefĆ¼hrten Kabel verbunden werden. Sie umschlieĆt eine Unterbrechungsstelle. Denkbar sind Ausgestaltungen als GieĆharzmuffen, Gelmuffen, Schrumpfmuffen - Warmschrumpf- oder Kaltschrumpfmuffen.A sleeve is in the present case a connecting element and in particular also an insulation and / or protective elements. The sleeve is preferably fixed to the inserted cable. It encloses an interruption point. Conceivable are designs as GieĆharzmuffen, Gelmuffen, shrink sleeves - heat shrink or Kaltschrumpfmuffen.
Bevorzugt ist ein Induktor mit einer Mehrzahl von Leitern, wobei die Unterbrechungsstellen der Leiter einer Leitergruppe einen gegenseitigen Versatz entlang einer LƤngsachse des Induktors aufweisen. Der Versatz ist bevorzugterweise gering im Vergleich zu den Abstand zu den benachbarten Unterbrechungsstellen der zweiten Leitergruppe.An inductor having a plurality of conductors is preferred, wherein the interruption points of the conductors of a conductor group have a mutual offset along a longitudinal axis of the inductor. The offset is preferably small compared to the distance to the adjacent break points of the second conductor group.
Dadurch wird vorteilhafterweise ein Induktor ausgebildet, dessen einzelne Leiter kapazitiv miteinander verkoppelt sind. Durch die Reihenschaltung der Kondensatoren, die durch die kapazitiv gekoppelten Leiter ausgebildet wird, wird vorteilhafterweise die Blindleistung des Induktors reduziert und/oder im Resonanzfall annƤhernd kompensiert.As a result, an inductor is advantageously formed whose individual conductors are capacitively coupled to each other. Due to the series connection of the capacitors, which is formed by the capacitively coupled conductors, the reactive power of the inductor is advantageously reduced and / or approximately compensated in the case of resonance.
Besonders bevorzugt ist in Induktor aus einer Mehrzahl von Leitern, wobei sich die Leiter parallel entlang der LƤngsachse des Induktors erstrecken.Particularly preferred is in inductor of a plurality of conductors, wherein the conductors extend in parallel along the longitudinal axis of the inductor.
Vorteilhafterweise wird durch den parallelen Verlauf der Leiter eine annƤhernd konstante KapazitƤt zwischen den Leitern ermƶglicht, so dass eine gleichmƤĆige und gleich verteilte Belastung der Leiter des Induktors vorliegt.Advantageously, by the parallel course of the conductor an approximately constant capacitance between the conductors allows so that a uniform and evenly distributed load of the conductor of the inductor is present.
GemĆ¤Ć einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bilden die Leiter eine verflochtene und/oder verseilte Struktur aus, die sich entlang der LƤngsachse des Induktors erstreckt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductors form an interlaced and / or stranded structure which extends along the longitudinal axis of the inductor.
Dadurch wird vorteilhafterweise eine Kabelanordnung der Leiter des Induktors ermƶglicht, die durch eine Verflechtung und/oder Verseilung zum einen mechanisch stabilisiert wird und zum anderen zur Bildung von KapazitƤten zwischen den einzelnen Leitern besonders geeignet ist.As a result, a cable arrangement of the conductors of the inductor is advantageously made possible, which is mechanically stabilized by an entanglement and / or stranding on the one hand and on the other hand is particularly suitable for the formation of capacitances between the individual conductors.
GemĆ¤Ć einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Leiter mit einem Wechselstrom bestromt. Wenn der Leiter einer Leitergruppe entspricht, wird die Leitergruppe mit einem Wechselstrom bestromt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductor is energized with an alternating current. If the conductor corresponds to a conductor group, the conductor group is supplied with an alternating current.
Vorteilhafterweise werden alle Leitergruppen des Induktors mit Wechselstrom bestromt.Advantageously, all conductor groups of the inductor are supplied with alternating current.
Dadurch bildet sich vorteilhafterweise mittels der InduktivitƤt des Leiter und den KapazitƤten, die durch die Unterbrechungsstelle und mittels benachbarter Leiter ausgebildet wird, ein elektrischer Schwingkreis mit einer dem Schwingkreis spezifischen Resonanzfrequenz aus. Vorteilhafterweise wird durch die Ausbildung eines Schwingkreises, insbesondere in der Resonanz des Schwingkreises, die Blindleistung, die fĆ¼r den Betrieb des Induktors zur VerfĆ¼gung gestellt werden muss, verringert. Hierbei entspricht der Versatz der Unterbrechungsstellen, welcher Versatz sich entlang der Leiter oder des Induktors periodisch fortsetzt, der ResonanzlƤnge des Induktors.As a result, advantageously formed by the inductance of the conductor and the capacitances, which is formed by the point of interruption and by means of adjacent conductors, an electrical resonant circuit having a resonant frequency specific to the resonant circuit. Advantageously, the formation of a resonant circuit, in particular in the resonance of the resonant circuit, reduces the reactive power which must be made available for the operation of the inductor. Here, the offset of the break points, which offset periodically continues along the conductor or inductor, corresponds to the resonant length of the inductor.
ZweckmƤĆig ist eine Bestromung mit einem Wechselstrom, dessen Frequenz im Bereich von 10 kHz bis 200 kHz liegt.It is expedient to energize with an alternating current whose frequency is in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.
Hierbei liegt vorteilhafterweise die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingkreises im genannten Bereich von 10 kHz bis 200 kHz.Here, advantageously, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.
DarĆ¼ber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Herstellungsverfahren fĆ¼r einen Induktor zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation, insbesondere einer LagerstƤtte einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz, beispielsweise eine Ćlsand-, Ćlschiefer- oder SchwerƶllagerstƤtte, mittels elektromagnetischer Induktion, umfassend folgender Herstellungsschritte fĆ¼r mindestens eine longitudinalen Position eines Kabels:
- Bereitstellen des Kabels mit mindestens zwei miteinander verdrillte LeiterbĆ¼ndeln;
- Aufspreizen eines ersten der zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndeln an der longitudinalen Position des Kabels;
- Trennen aller DrƤhte eines zweiten der zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndel an der longitudinalen Position des Kabels;
- Entisolieren von Kabelenden der durchtrennten DrƤhte;
- Verbinden von abgerundeten leitender Kƶrpern jeweils auf ein jeweiliges entisoliertes Kabelende;
- EinfĆ¼gen eines jeweiligen Abstandshalters zwischen Paaren von abgerundeten leitender Kƶrpern;
- optional das Einbringen einer hohlzylinderfƶrmigen HĆ¼lse, wobei DrƤhte des ersten LeiterbĆ¼ndels in einer MantelflƤche der HĆ¼lse gefĆ¼hrt werden;
- optional das Anbringen einer Muffenform, Ausspritzen der Muffenform zu einer Muffe, wobei die Muffe die HĆ¼lse und die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern und einen Abschnitt der zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndel umschlieĆt, und das Entfernen der Muffenform.
- Providing the cable with at least two interconnected conductor bundles;
- Spreading a first of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;
- Separating all the wires of a second of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;
- De-insulation of cable ends of the severed wires;
- Connecting rounded conductive bodies respectively to a respective uninsulated cable end;
- Inserting a respective spacer between pairs of rounded conductive bodies;
- Optionally, the introduction of a hollow cylindrical sleeve, wherein wires of the first conductor bundle are guided in a lateral surface of the sleeve;
- optionally, attaching a socket mold, ejecting the socket form into a sleeve, the socket enclosing the sleeve and the rounded conductive bodies and a portion of the two conductor bundles, and removing the socket form.
Alternativ betrifft die Erfindung ein weiteres Herstellungsverfahren fĆ¼r einen Induktor zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation, insbesondere einer LagerstƤtte einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz, beispielsweise eine Ćlsand-, Ćlschiefer- oder SchwerƶllagerstƤtte, mittels elektromagnetischer Induktion, umfassend folgender Herstellungsschritte:
- a) DurchfĆ¼hren der nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsschritte fĆ¼r mindestens eine longitudinale Position eines Drahts:
- Bereitstellen des, vorzugsweise isolierten, Drahts;
- Trennen des Drahts an der longitudinalen Position des Drahts;
- Entisolieren von beiden Kabelenden des durchtrennten Drahts;
- Verbinden von abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern jeweils auf ein jeweiliges entisoliertes Kabelende;
- EinfĆ¼gen eines jeweiligen Abstandshalters zwischen Paaren von abgerundeten leitender Kƶrpern ;
- optional das Anbringen einer Muffenform, Ausspritzen der Muffenform zu einer Muffe, wobei die Muffe die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper und zwei Endbereiche des aufgetrennten Drahts umschlieĆt, und das Entfernen der Muffenform;
- b) Aufwickeln des bearbeiteten Drahts und/oder Verseilen einer Vielzahl derartig bearbeiteter DrƤhte zu einem Induktor.
Bei dem vorstehenden Verfahren werden vorzugsweise die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper zuerst mit den jeweiligen entisolierten Kabelenden verbunden. AnschlieĆend werden die jeweiligen Abstandshalters zwischen Paaren von abgerundeten leitender Kƶrpern eingefĆ¼gt.
Diese zuletzt genannten Schritte lassen sich alternativ auch umkehren, so dass zuerst eine bereits verbundene Einheit bestehend aus einem Abstandshalter und einem Paar mit diesem verbundenen abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern bereitgestellt wird. Diese Einheit ist vorzugsweise bereits kraftschlĆ¼ssig miteinander verbunden. AnschlieĆend kann diese Einheit mit den beiden entisolierten Kabelenden verbunden werden. - b) Aufwickeln des bearbeiteten Drahts und/oder Verseilen einer Vielzahl derartig bearbeiteter DrƤhte zu einem Induktor.
- a) performing the following processing steps for at least one longitudinal position of a wire:
- Providing the, preferably insulated, wire;
- Separating the wire at the longitudinal position of the wire;
- Stripping from both cable ends of the severed wire;
- Connecting rounded conductive bodies respectively to a respective uninsulated cable end;
- Inserting a respective spacer between pairs of rounded conductive bodies;
- optionally attaching a socket mold, ejecting the socket form into a socket, the socket enclosing the rounded conductive bodies and two end portions of the severed wire, and removing the socket form;
- b) winding the processed wire and / or stranding a plurality of such processed wires to an inductor.
In the above method, preferably, the rounded conductive bodies are first connected to the respective uninsulated cable ends. Subsequently, the respective spacers are inserted between pairs of rounded conductive bodies.
Alternatively, these last-mentioned steps may be reversed so as to provide first an already connected unit consisting of a spacer and a pair of rounded conductive bodies connected thereto. This unit is preferably already positively connected to each other. Subsequently, this unit can be connected to the two stripped cable ends. - b) winding the processed wire and / or stranding a plurality of such processed wires to an inductor.
Das Herstellungsverfahren kann verzugsweise so umgesetzt werden, dass das Verbinden von abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern jeweils auf ein jeweiliges entisoliertes Kabelende mit folgenden Schritten durchgefĆ¼hrt wird:
- Aufschieben von HĆ¼lsen an die jeweiligen Kabelenden, wobei die HĆ¼lsen jeweils die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper umfassen;
- KraftschlĆ¼ssiges Verbinden, insbesondere Crimpen, der jeweiligen HĆ¼lse mit dem jeweiligen entisolierten Kabelende.
- Pushing sleeves onto the respective cable ends, the sleeves each comprising the rounded conductive bodies;
- Non-positive connection, in particular crimping, the respective sleeve with the respective entisolierten cable end.
DarĆ¼ber hinaus kann das vorstehend genannte Verseilen einer Vielzahl derartig bearbeiteter DrƤhte zu einem Induktor mit folgenden Schritten durchgefĆ¼hrt werden:
- Anordnen mehrerer bearbeiteter DrƤhte so zueinander, dass mindestens zwei BĆ¼ndel von DrƤhten gebildet werden, wobei die DrƤhte eines ersten der zwei BĆ¼ndel in longitudinaler Ausrichtung so zueinander ausgerichtet werden, dass Trennstellen der durchtrennten DrƤhte des ersten BĆ¼ndels weitgehend nebenander zu liegen kommen und die DrƤhte eines zweiten der zwei BĆ¼ndel in longitudinaler Ausrichtung so zueinander ausgerichtet werden, dass Trennstellen der durchtrennten DrƤhte des zweiten BĆ¼ndels weitgehend nebenander zu liegen kommen, wobei die Trennstellen des ersten BĆ¼ndels zu den Trennstellen des zweiten BĆ¼ndels zueinander versetzt angeordnet werden;
- Verseilen der derart angeordneten DrƤhte derart, dass die DrƤhte des erste BĆ¼ndels und des zweiten BĆ¼ndels abwechselnd zueinander verseilt werden.
- Arranging a plurality of processed wires to each other such that at least two bundles of wires are formed, wherein the wires of a first of the two bundles are aligned in longitudinal alignment with each other so that separation points of the severed wires of the first bundle are substantially juxtaposed and the wires of a second the two bundles are aligned in longitudinal alignment with each other so that separation points of the severed wires of the second bundle are largely adjacent to each other, wherein the separation points of the first bundle to the separation points of the second bundle are offset from each other;
- Stranding the wires thus arranged so that the wires of the first bundle and the second bundle are alternately stranded with each other.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem im Folgenden beschriebenen AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:
Figur 1- eines Induktor-Abschnitts, der einen Leiter mit kugelfƶrmigen AbschlĆ¼ssen einer Unterbrechungsstelle aufweist, nach einem ersten Herstellungsschritt;
Figur 2- eine Schnittzeichnung der
Figur 1 mit einem Abstandshalter, nach einem zweiten Herstellungsschritt; Figur 3- eine Schnittzeichnung der
Figur 2 mit einem zusƤtzlichen hohlzylindrischen umgebenden Isolationskƶrper, nach einem dritten Herstellungsschritt; Figur 4- eine dreidimensionale Darstellung der
Figur 3 ; - Figur 5
- eine dreidimensionale Darstellung der
Figur 2 mit einem zusƤtzlichen hohlzylindrischen umgebenden Isolationskƶrper, nach einem alternativen dritten Herstellungsschritt; Figur 6- eine Darstellung von drei Leiterabschnitten mit jeweilig angebrachten zusƤtzlichen hohlzylindrischen umgebenden Isolationskƶrpern, die Teil des gemeinsamen Induktors sind;
- Figur 7
- eine Darstellung einer alternativen Ausgestaltung von drei Leiterabschnitten mit jeweilig angebrachten zusƤtzlichen hohlzylindrischen umgebenden Isolationskƶrpern, die Teil des gemeinsamen Induktors sind;
- Figur 8
- schematische Darstellung eines Induktor-Abschnitts, der zwei Multifilamentleiter umfasst;
- Figur 9
- eine Schnittzeichnung eines alternativen InduktorAbschnitts, bei dem eine Unterbrechungsstelle Ć¼ber zwei HĆ¼lsen, einen Abstandshalter und einer Muffe mechanisch verbunden wird;
- Figur 10
- eine Schnittzeichnung eines weiteren alternativen Induktor-Abschnitts, bei dem eine Unterbrechungsstelle Ć¼ber zwei alternativ gestaltete HĆ¼lsen, einen daran angepassten Abstandshalter und einer Muffe mechanisch verbunden wird;
- Figur 11
- eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht eines Induktor in einer LagerstƤtte.
- FIG. 1
- an inductor portion having a conductor with spherical terminations of an interruption point after a first manufacturing step;
- FIG. 2
- a sectional drawing of
FIG. 1 with a spacer, after a second manufacturing step; - FIG. 3
- a sectional drawing of
FIG. 2 with an additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating body, after a third manufacturing step; - FIG. 4
- a three-dimensional representation of the
FIG. 3 ; - FIG. 5
- a three-dimensional representation of the
FIG. 2 with an additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating body, according to an alternative third manufacturing step; - FIG. 6
- a representation of three conductor sections with each attached additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating bodies, which are part of the common inductor;
- FIG. 7
- a representation of an alternative embodiment of three conductor sections with each attached additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating bodies, which are part of the common inductor;
- FIG. 8
- schematic representation of an inductor portion comprising two multifilament conductors;
- FIG. 9
- a sectional view of an alternative inductor section, in which a point of interruption over two sleeves, a spacer and a sleeve is mechanically connected;
- FIG. 10
- a cross-sectional view of another alternative inductor section, in which a point of interruption on two alternatively shaped sleeves, a matched spacer and a sleeve is mechanically connected;
- FIG. 11
- a schematic representation of a perspective view of an inductor in a deposit.
Gleichartige Elemente kƶnnen in den Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen sein.Similar elements may be provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
Die Figuren betreffen einen Induktor 1 fĆ¼r die Ausbeutung von Ćlsand- und SchwerƶllagerstƤtten, der dafĆ¼r vorgesehen ist, eine Aufheizung einer LagerstƤtte zu bewirken, um die FlieĆfƤhigkeit der zu fƶrdernden Hydrokarbone in-situ zu verbessern. Die vorgestellte elektromagnetische Heizmethode wird auch als induktives Heizen genannt, bei dem eine oder mehrere Leiterschleifen in die LagerstƤtte eingebrachten werden, die mit Wechselstrom bestromt werden. Daraufhin werden in der elektrisch leitfƤhigen LagerstƤtte Wirbelstrƶme induzieren, die daraufhin die LagerstƤtte aufheizen. Die Stromleiter sind gemĆ¤Ć der vorliegenden Erfindung kabelƤhnlich, vorzugsweise aus einer Vielzahl von elektrisch isolierten EinzeldrƤhten hergestellt.The figures relate to an
Die HƤlfte der EinzeldrƤhte wird alternierend und in definierten AbstƤnden unterbrochen. Damit wird der elektrische Strom gezwungen die Einzeladerisolation als Verschiebungsstrom zu durchdringen. Der Kabelinduktor - Induktor 1 - wirkt damit abschnittsweise als KapazitƤt wodurch die unvermeidbare InduktivitƤt der Leiteranordnung gezielt fĆ¼r eine Frequenz kompensiert werden kann. Die Leiterschleife mit den periodisch angeordneten Unterbrechungen wirkt elektrisch als Serienschwingkreis, der bei seiner Resonanzfrequenz ohne Reaktanz, d.h. ohne Blindleistung, betrieben werden kann.Half of the individual wires are interrupted alternately and at defined intervals. Thus, the electric current is forced to penetrate the single core insulation as a displacement current. The cable inductor - inductor 1 - thus acts in sections as a capacitance whereby the unavoidable inductance of the conductor arrangement can be specifically compensated for a frequency. The conductor loop with the intermittent interrupts electrically acts as a series resonant circuit which, at its resonant frequency, has no reactance, i. without reactive power, can be operated.
Die im Folgenden diskutierte Ausgestaltung von Unterbrechungsstellen im Kabelinduktor hat den Vorteil, dass scharfkantige Drahtenden vermieden werden kƶnnen. Da an scharfkantigen Drahtenden besonders hohe elektrische FeldstƤrken auftreten kƶnnen, ist es vorteilhaft derartige Ausgestaltungen zu vermeiden.The embodiment of interruption points in the cable inductor discussed below has the advantage that sharp-edged wire ends can be avoided. Since particularly high electric field strengths can occur at sharp-edged wire ends, it is advantageous to avoid such embodiments.
Die
An der Unterbrechungsstelle 4 weist der Leiter 2 zwei Endbereiche 6 auf, an denen jeweils ein abgerundeter leitender Kƶrper 40 und 40' aufgebracht ist. Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40 bilden Enden der leitfƤhigen kabelfƶrmigen Struktur.At the point of
Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' sind gemƤĆ
GemƤĆ
Der sich entlang einer LƤngsachse A erstreckende Leiter 2 ist vorzugsweise von einer Isolierschicht umgeben (nicht dargestellt), die den Leiter 2 umschlieĆt. Einzelne DrƤhte sind ebenfalls bevorzugterweise mit einer individuellen Isolierschicht versehen.The extending along a longitudinal
Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' sind jeweils Vollkƶrper, die leitend ausgebildet sind. Als Material kommen insbesondere Metalle oder metallische Legierungen in Betracht.The rounded
Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' kƶnnen als Elektroden bezeichnet werden. Sie sind vorzugsweise massive Kƶrper und/oder Festkƶrper. Die Abrundung erfolgt in dieselbe Richtung, in die sonst das durchtrennte Kabelende zeigen wĆ¼rde.The rounded
Enden der einzelnen DrƤhte werden mit dem jeweiligen abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40 bzw. 40' verbunden, insbesondere an einer RĆ¼ckseite der abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40 bzw. 40', die wiederum eine ebene FlƤche bilden kann. Die mechanische und leitende Verbindung der DrƤhte mit einem jeweiligen abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' kann durch Lƶten, SchweiĆen, Crimpen oder eine andere Verbindungstechnik erfolgen. Ein Eindringen eines Drahtendes in die RĆ¼ckseite eines abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers 40, 40' zur Erreichung einer festen und leitenden Verbindung ist beispielsweise in
Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' weisen im Betrieb das gleich elektrische Potential auf wie der Leiter 2.The rounded
Der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper 40 (bzw. auch 40') kann auch als Elektrode einer KapazitƤt angesehen werden. GemƤĆ
Eine kraft- und formschlĆ¼ssige paarweise Fixierung der abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' kann vorgesehen sein. Dies ist in
Der isolierenden Abstandshalters 32 kann dabei ein Festkƶrper sein, der vorab hergestellt wurde und lediglich mit den abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern 40, 40' verbunden wird. Alternativ kann der isolierenden Abstandshalters 32 auch mittels Spritz- und/oder FĆ¼lltechnik in flĆ¼ssiger Form aufgebracht werden, wobei das Material anschlieĆend aushƤrtet. Eine Aufbringung des isolierenden Abstandshalters 32 (auch Isolierschicht genannt) auf die OberflƤche des Leiters 2 kann mittels Extrusion erfolgen.In this case, the insulating
Der isolierenden Abstandshalters 32, der vorzugsweise aus keramisch- bzw. mineralisch- oder kunststoffbasiert sein kann, umfasst die Elektroden, hƤlt sie auf definiertem Abstand, zentriert sie relativ zu der durchgehenden Leiterstruktur (in
Die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' ermƶglichen zusammen mit dem isolierenden Abstandshalter 32 zugleich eine mechanische und elektrische Festigkeit der Isolation an der Unterbrechungsstelle 4 des Leiters 2.The rounded
Der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper 40 bzw. 40' stellt gemĆ¤Ć der Erfindung vor dem ZusammenfĆ¼gen ein getrenntes Element bzw. einen separaten Kƶrper dar, welches/welcher erst durch ZusammenfĆ¼gen mit dem Leiter 2 eine Einheit bildet. Der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper 40 bzw. 40' ist insbesondere nicht lediglich das Kabelende eines durchtrennten Leiters.The rounded
Der Leiter 2 stellt fĆ¼r den dargestellte Zeichnungsausschnitt einen Innenleiter dar, der weitere Leiter 3 einen AuĆenleiter. FĆ¼r einen anderen Abschnitt kann jedoch der Leiter 2 den AuĆenleiter darstellen und Leiter 3 den Innenleiter.The
Der Gesamtaufbau der Unterbrechung gemƤĆ
Der hohlzylindrische Isolationskƶrpers 34, durch dessen MantelflƤche die DrƤhte des weiteren Leiters 3 gefĆ¼hrt werden, sichert einen definierten Abstand der DrƤhte des weiteren Leiters 3 zu den abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpern 40, 40'. Auf diese Weise werden Gefahren von elektrischen ĆberschlƤgen verhindert. Die DrƤhte des weiteren Leiters 3 werden durch den hohlzylindrischen Isolationskƶrper 34 nicht unterbrochen sondern verlaufen durch den Isolationskƶrpers 34 hindurch.The hollow cylindrical insulating
In ihrer ƤuĆeren Ausgestaltung weitgehend identisch zu
Ćhnlich wie beim hohlzylindrische Isolationskƶrpers 34, kƶnnen die DrƤhte des weiteren Leiters 3 einfach durch den hohlzylinderfƶrmigen Leiters 33 hindurchgefĆ¼hrt werden, so dass der hohlzylinderfƶrmige Leiter 33 und die DrƤhte des Leiters 3 das selbe Potential aufweisen.Similar to the hollow cylindrical insulating
Alternativ, kƶnnen auch die DrƤhte des weiteren Leiters 3 an der Unterbrechungsstelle durchtrennt werden. AnschlieĆend kƶnnen die getrennten Enden mechanisch und elektrisch mit dem hohlzylinderfƶrmigen Leiter 33 verbunden werden. Diese Vorgehensweise hat den Vorteil, dass der komplette Induktor an der Stelle durchtrennt werden kann, dann fĆ¼r den Leiter 2 die abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' und der Abstandshalter 32 eingefĆ¼gt werden kann, und abschlieĆend die DrƤhte des Leiters 3 Ć¼ber den hohlzylinderfƶrmigen Leiter 33 wieder verbunden werden kƶnnen. Die Bearbeitung wird somit vereinfacht.Alternatively, the wires of the
Der Kabelinduktor (Induktor 1) kann aus mehreren LeiterbĆ¼ndeln aufgebaut sein.
Der Kabelinduktor gemƤĆ
Alternativ - nicht dargestellt - kƶnnen nun alle DrƤhte eines jeweiligen AuĆenleiters (entsprechend dem weiteren Leiter 3, wie in den Figuren dargestellt) aus verschiedenen BĆ¼ndeln zu einem gemeinsamen AuĆenleiter geformt werden. Ebenfalls ohne Abbildung kƶnnte der gemeinsame AuĆenleiter durch einen gemeinsamen ƤuĆeren Isolierkƶrper gefĆ¼hrt werden.Alternatively - not shown - now all the wires of each outer conductor (corresponding to the
Die
Die
Der Kabelinduktor gemƤĆ
Die drei separat ausgestalteten hohlzylindrischen Isolationskƶrper 34 aus
Die
Aus
Denkbar sind auch Induktoren mit mehr als zwei LeiterbĆ¼ndeln. Dann werden bei N LeiterbĆ¼ndeln je ein Draht der verschiedenen LeiterbĆ¼ndel benachbart zueinander angeordnet, woran sich die nƤchsten N DrƤhte von je einem Draht der verschiedenen LeiterbĆ¼ndel anschlieĆen.Also conceivable are inductors with more than two conductor bundles. Then, with N conductor bundles, one wire each of the different conductor bundles are arranged adjacent to one another, followed by the next N wires of one wire each of the different conductor bundles.
All diese DrƤhte verlaufen in Erstreckung des Induktors 1, allerdings gemeinsam verdrillt.All these wires extend in the extension of the
Denkbar ist auch verschiedene Gruppen von DrƤhten zu bilden und jede Gruppe einzeln zu verdrillen, wobei der Induktor 1 alle verdrillten Gruppen umfasst.It is also conceivable to form different groups of wires and to twist each group individually, the
Jeder Leiter 2 der Multifilamentleiter 21, 22 weist folglich Unterbrechungsstellen 4 auf, wobei die nicht dargestellten Endbereiche 6 der Leiter 2 an den Unterbrechungsstellen 4 erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć ausgebildet sind. Mit anderen Worten setzen sich die Multifilamentleiter 21, 22 aus einer Mehrzahl von Leitern 2 gemƤĆ
Die Leiter 2 der Multifilamentleiter 21, 22 verlaufen im Wesentlichen zueinander parallel. Durch die Unterbrechungsstellen 4 und einen Versatz 14 der Unterbrechungsstellen 4 des ersten Multifilamentleiters 21 gegenĆ¼ber den Unterbrechungsstellen 4 des zweiten Multifilamentleiters 22 werden vorteilhafterweise die Leiter 2 des ersten Multifilamentleiters 21 kapazitiv mit den Leitern 2 des zweiten Multifilamentleiters 22 gekoppelt. Hierbei entspricht der Versatz 14 im Wesentlichen einer ResonanzlƤnge, wobei sich der Versatz 14 entlang der Leiter 2 periodisch fortsetzt. Hierbei weist jeder Leiter 2 eine Mehrzahl von Unterbrechungsstellen 4 auf, wobei die Unterbrechungsstellen 4 eines jeden Leiters 2 einen konstanten Abstand zueinander aufweisen.The
Vorteilhafterweise wird durch die nicht nƤher dargestellten und erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć ausgebildeten Endbereiche 6 der Leiter 2 der Multifilamentleiter 21, 22 die Teilentladungsfestigkeit des Induktors 1 verbessert. Zudem wird die mechanische Festigkeit an den Unterbrechungsstellen 4 vergrƶĆert.Advantageously, the conductor 12 of the
Die
GemƤĆ
Das andere Ende des unterbrochenen Leiters erhƤlt ebenfalls eine entsprechende HĆ¼lse 31.The other end of the broken conductor also receives a
Die HĆ¼lse 31 - im Folgenden auch SchirmhĆ¼lse genannt - ist dabei ein Formteil, vorzugsweise auf Kupfer oder einem anderen elektrisch leitenden Material.The sleeve 31 - hereinafter also referred to as the shielding sleeve - is a molded part, preferably on copper or another electrically conductive material.
Die HĆ¼lse 31 entspricht einem Kabelschuh, der bei der Herstellung des Induktors Ć¼ber ein Drahtende - den Endbereich 6 - geschoben werden kann.The
Die HĆ¼lse 31 weist somit im Betrieb das gleich elektrische Potential auf wie der Leiter 2.The
Entsprechend der oberflƤchlichen Form des abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers 40, 40' ist ein isolierender Abstandshalter 32 mit zwei gegenĆ¼berliegenden Aussparungen vorgesehen, die jeweils der oberflƤchlichen Form des abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrpers 40, 40' entsprechen.According to the superficial shape of the rounded
Auf diese Weise kann der isolierender Abstandshalter 32 formschlĆ¼ssig und/oder kraftschlĆ¼ssig mit dem abgerundeten leitenden Kƶrper 40, 40' verbunden werden.In this way, the insulating
Der isolierende Abstandshalter 32 weist nach
GemƤĆ
Die Muffe 30 umschlieĆt insbesondere die beiden Endbereiche 6 des Leiters 2, die beiden HĆ¼lsen 31 und den Abstandshalter 32. Vorzugsweise umschlieĆt die Muffe 30 bereits noch isolierte Abschnitte des Leiters 2, aber auch insbesondere die abisolierten Abschnitte des Leiters 2 in den Endbereichen 6. Die Muffe 30 ist dabei insbesondere ein rotationssymmetrischer Kƶrper.The
Zur ErlƤuterung des Herstellungsverfahrens, wird weiter auf
Der abgerundete leitende Kƶrper 40, 40' weist in
Der Abstandshalter 32 ist wieder an die OberflƤche der HĆ¼lse 31 angepasst. Folglich weist der isolierende Abstandshalter 32 einen abgerundeten Stift auf. Der Stift kann dabei in die Vertiefung der zentralen kragenfƶrmigen OberflƤche (40B) der HĆ¼lse 31 eingefĆ¼hrt werden, so dass eine stabile Verbindung zwischen HĆ¼lse 31 und Abstandshalter 32 entsteht.The
Vorzugsweise wird der Abstandshalter 32 in
Der Abstandhalter 32 schafft einen definierten axialen Abstand zwischen den zueinander gewandten OberflƤchen (40A) der SchirmhĆ¼lsen (31). Er orientiert die SchirmhĆ¼lsen (31) koaxial zueinander. Er zentriert sie zueinander.The
Die Ausgestaltung der
Die
Die
Die Verwendung von abgerundeten OberflƤchen (vgl. 40, 40') an der Unterbrechungsstelle 4 weist folgende Vorteile auf:The use of rounded surfaces (see 40, 40 ') at the point of
Die Anordnung ermƶglicht die Vermeidung von lokalen Ćberhƶhungen der elektrischen FeldstƤrke an sonst vorliegenden Leiterkanten und -spitzen, die zu Teilentladungen und damit zum Ausfall des Induktors 1 fĆ¼hren kƶnnen. Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, dass die Zahl der kritischen Leiter-Enden drastisch reduziert wird, was ebenfalls der Erhƶhung der ZuverlƤssigkeit dient.The arrangement allows the avoidance of local elevations of the electric field strength at otherwise existing conductor edges and tips, which can lead to partial discharges and thus to failure of the
Ein positiver Nebeneffekt ist, dass das Induktorkabel (in einem ersten Schritt jedoch ohne Unterbrechungen) wie ein Ć¼bliches Kabel kontinuierlich hergestellt werden kann, und die Unterbrechungen nachtrƤglich vorgenommen werden. Damit wird es insbesondere mƶglich das noch unterbrechungsfreie Kabel vorab einem Teilentladungstest zu unterziehen, um eventuelle Schwachstellen der Einzelleiterisolation vorab zu identifizieren.A positive side effect is that the inductor cable (in a first step but without interruptions) can be made continuously like a common cable, and the Interruptions are made later. This makes it possible, in particular, to subject the uninterruptible cable in advance to a partial discharge test in order to identify any weak points of the individual conductor insulation in advance.
Weiterhin kann die Festlegung der Resonanzfrequenz, die neben der Induktor-Schleifengeometrie vom Abstand der Unterbrechungen abhƤngt, nach der Kabelherstellung abgestimmt auf das jeweilige Reservoir erfolgen und muss nicht bereits vor der Kabelherstellung bekannt sein. D.h. das Kabel kann in Grenzen unabhƤngig von der individuellen LagerstƤtte hergestellt werden und die Anpassung daran findet erst durch die nachtrƤgliche Einbringung der Unterbrechungsstellen in individuell definiertem Abstand (ResonanzlƤnge) statt.Furthermore, the determination of the resonant frequency, which depends on the distance of the interruptions in addition to the inductor loop geometry, after the cable production tuned to the respective reservoir done and need not be known before the cable production. That The cable can be produced within limits independently of the individual deposit and the adaptation to it takes place only by the subsequent introduction of the interruption points in individually defined distance (resonance length).
Die Vorteile des Isolationselements sind weiterhin wie folgt:The advantages of the isolation element are still as follows:
Die SchirmhĆ¼lsen (31) umhĆ¼llen die Einzeldrahtenden, die aufgrund der Auftrennung/Zerschneidung ohne weitere MaĆnahmen in der Regel scharfe Kanten und Grate aufweisen, und vermeiden Ćberhƶhungen des elektrischen Feldes an den Einzeldrahtenden, aufgrund der Schirmwirkung bedingt durch gleiches Potential von Drahtende und SchirmhĆ¼lse (31).The shield sleeves (31) envelop the individual wire ends, which generally have sharp edges and ridges due to the separation / cutting without further measures, and avoid overshoots of the electric field at the individual wire ends due to the shielding effect due to the same potential of the wire end and shielding sleeve (31 ).
An den AuĆenflƤchen der SchirmhĆ¼lsen (31) treten keine FeldĆ¼berhƶhungen des elektrischen Feldes auf, da die SchirmhĆ¼lsen (31) erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć keine Kanten sondern nur Rundungen aufweisen.On the outer surfaces of the shield sleeves (31) occur no field elevations of the electric field, since the shield sleeves (31) according to the invention have no edges but only curves.
Die Abstandshalter 32 stellen sicher, dass die elektrische FeldstƤrke zwischen einem SchirmhĆ¼lsenpaar (jeweils Bezugszeichen 31) keine kritischen Werte Ć¼bersteigen.The
Kritische FeldstƤrken am Ende der Einzeladerisolation des Drahtendes werden durch den vorgesehenen Ćberhang der SchirmhĆ¼lse (31) vermieden bzw. verringert. Diese Stelle ist kritisch, da evtl. nicht sichergestellt werden kann, dass sie gasfrei umspritzt werden kann.Critical field strengths at the end of the single wire insulation of the wire end are avoided or reduced by the intended overhang of the shielding sleeve (31). This job is critical, because it may not be ensured that they can be encapsulated gas-free.
Die Isolationselement schafft eine zugfeste Verbindung von einem Drahtende Ć¼ber erste SchirmhĆ¼lse (31), Abstandshalter 32, zweite SchirmhĆ¼lse (31) zum anderen Drahtende. Diese wird fĆ¼r nachfolgende Verseilungsschritte benƶtigt.The insulation element provides a tension-proof connection of one wire end via first shielding sleeve (31),
Der Abstandshalter nach
Mit dem Abstandshalter 32 nach
Weiter ist eine Anordnung zur induktiven Heizung des Reservoirausschnittes 100 dargestellt. Diese kann durch eine lange, d.h. einige 100 m bis 1,5 km, im Boden verlegte Leiterschleife 120 bis 121 gebildet werden, wobei der Hinleiter 120 und RĆ¼ckleiter 121 nebeneinander, also in derselben Tiefe, gefĆ¼hrt sind und am Ende Ć¼ber ein Element 15 innerhalb oder auĆerhalb des Reservoirs miteinander verbunden sind. Am Anfang werden die Leiter 120 und 121 vertikal oder in einem flachen Winkel hinunter gefĆ¼hrt und von einem HochfrequenzGenerator 60, der in einem externen GehƤuse untergebracht sein kann, mit elektrischer Leistung versorgt. Der Hochfrequenz-Generator 60 bzw. Mittelfrequenz-Generator deckt vorzugsweise einen Bereich von 10 kHz bis 200 kHz oder einen Unterbereich dazu ab und kann vorzugsweise auf beliebige Frequenzen in diesem Frequenzbereich eingestellt werden. Denkbar ist auch ein Betriebsbereich von 1kHz bis 500kHz.Next, an arrangement for inductive heating of the
In
Typische AbstƤnde zwischen den Hin- und RĆ¼ckleitern 120, 121 sind 5 bis 60 m bei einem AuĆendurchmesser der Leiter von 10 bis 50 cm (0,1 bis 0,5 m).Typical distances between the return and return
Der Hinleiter 120 und der RĆ¼ckleiter 121 aus
Beispielhafte Betriebsparameter sind beispielsweise eine induktiv eingebrachte Heizleistung von 1 kW pro Meter Doppelleitung. Eine Stromamplitude kann beispielsweise 300 A bis 1000 A vorgesehen sein. Ein einzelner Draht kann beispielsweise 0,5 bis 1 mm Durchmesser aufweisen. In Summe kƶnnen alle DrƤhte im Induktor einen Querschnitt von 1000 bis 1500 mm2 haben. Beispielsweise kann der Induktor aus 2500 bis 3500 einzelnen massiven DrƤhten bestehen. Als Material fĆ¼r die DrƤhte kann Kupfer vorgesehen sein. Als Isolation fĆ¼r jeden einzelnen Draht kann beispielsweise Teflon vorgesehen sein.Exemplary operating parameters are, for example, an inductively introduced heating power of 1 kW per meter of double cable. A current amplitude can be provided, for example, 300 A to 1000 A. For example, a single wire may be 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter. In sum, all the wires in the inductor can have a cross section of 1000 to 1500 mm 2 . For example, the inductor may consist of 2500 to 3500 individual solid wires. As material for the wires copper may be provided. As insulation for each wire, for example Teflon can be provided.
WandstƤrke der Isolation kann beispielsweise 0,2 bis 0,3 mm betragen. Die doppelte ResonanzlƤnge fĆ¼r einen beispielhaften Induktor kann z.B. 35 bis 50 m betragen. Die Anordnung der DrƤhte in LƤngsrichtung erfolgt mit einem Versatz der Unterbrechungsstellen um die ResonanzlƤnge.Wall thickness of the insulation can be, for example 0.2 to 0.3 mm. The double resonance length for an exemplary inductor may be e.g. 35 to 50 m. The arrangement of the wires in the longitudinal direction is carried out with an offset of the interruption points to the resonance length.
Die Erfindung gemĆ¤Ć der Figuren betrifft eine Anordnung und ein Verfahren zum Eintragen von WƤrme in eine geologische Formation, insbesondere in eine in einer geologischen Formation vorliegenden LagerstƤtte, insbesondere zur Gewinnung einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Substanz - insbesondere Erdƶl - aus der LagerstƤtte. Es wird ein Induktor vorgeschlagen, der fĆ¼r die "in-situ"-Gewinnung bei unterirdischen LagerstƤtten, etwa ab einer Tiefe von etwa 75 m, ausgelegt ist. Das bedeutet, dass bei dieser Technik der Ćlsand - also der Sand und das Gestein mit dem enthaltenen Ćl - an Ort und Stelle verbleibt. Das Ćl bzw. das Bitumen wird mittels elektromagnetischer Wellen und evtl. weiterer verschiedener Verfahren vom Sandkorn getrennt und flieĆfƤhiger gemacht, damit es gefƶrdert werden kann. Die vorgestellte "in situ"-Methode hat das Prinzip, die Temperatur im Untergrund zu erhƶhen und somit die ViskositƤt des gebundenen Ćls bzw. des Bitumens zu verringern und es flieĆfƤhiger zu machen, um es anschlieĆend abpumpen zu kƶnnen. Die Hitzeeinwirkung bewirkt insbesondere, dass sich langkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe des hochviskosen Bitumens aufspalten. Der Induktor - d.h. ein elektrische Leiter der als Induktionsleitung ausgebildet ist -, kann verlustarm als Resonanzkreis betrieben werden. Da vorzugsweise beide Enden des Induktors an den Frequenzgenerator angeschlossen werden, bildet die Induktionsleitung eine Induktionsschleife. Die technische Realisierung der elektrischen Leitung wird als Resonanzkreis durchgefĆ¼hrt. Der Frequenzgenerator kann vorzugsweise als Frequenzumrichter ausgebildet werden, welcher eine Spannung mit einer Frequenz von 50Hz oder 60Hz aus dem Netz in eine Spannung mit einer Frequenz im Bereich von 1kHz bis 500kHz umwandelt. Der Frequenzumrichter kann Obertage installiert sein. Weiterhin kann vorzugsweise in die durch die Induktionsschleife erwƤrmte LagerstƤttenzone mindestens eine Fƶrderbohrung gebohrt werden. DarĆ¼ber hinaus kann optional zwischen zwei durchgehenden quasiparallelen Bohrungen, in denen die Induktionsschleife angeordnet ist, mindestens eine Injektionsbohrung zur Injektion von heiĆem Wasserdampf vorgesehen sein.The invention according to the figures relates to an arrangement and a method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular into a deposit located in a geological formation, in particular for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing substance - in particular crude oil - from the deposit. An inductor is proposed which is designed for "in situ" extraction of underground deposits, for example from a depth of about 75 m. This means that with this technique, the oil sands - the sand and the rock with the contained oil - remain in place. The oil or the bitumen is separated from the grain of sand by means of electromagnetic waves and possibly further different processes and made more flowable so that it can be conveyed. The presented "in situ" -method has the principle to increase the temperature in the ground and thus to reduce the viscosity of the bound oil or bitumen and make it more fluid, in order to pump it afterwards. The effect of heat in particular causes long-chain hydrocarbons of the high-viscosity bitumen to split. The inductor - ie an electrical conductor which is designed as an induction line - can be operated as a resonance circuit with little loss. Since both ends of the inductor are preferably connected to the frequency generator, the induction line forms an induction loop. The technical realization of the electrical line is performed as a resonant circuit. The frequency generator may preferably be formed as a frequency converter, which converts a voltage having a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz from the mains to a voltage having a frequency in the range of 1kHz to 500kHz. The frequency converter can be installed on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, at least one of the deposit zones heated by the induction loop can preferably be used Drilling hole to be drilled. In addition, optionally between two continuous quasi-parallel bores in which the induction loop is arranged, be provided at least one injection hole for the injection of hot steam.
Nach Verlegung des Induktors als Induktionsschleife in mindestens zwei Bohrungen und dem Anschluss der Induktionsschleife an den Frequenzgenerator beginnt im Betrieb das Bestromen des Leiters, und somit das induktive ErwƤrmen Untergrunds mit sich ergebener Bildung einer ErwƤrmungszone, die sich durch eine erhƶhte Temperatur auszeichnet. Die Leiterschleife oder Induktionsschleife wirkt im Betrieb als Induktionsheizung, um zusatzliche WƤrme in die LagerstƤtte einzubringen. Der aktive Bereich des Leiters kann in im wesentlicher horizontaler Richtung innerhalb der LagerstƤtte eine nahezu geschlossenen Schleife (also ein Oval) beschreiben. An den aktiven Bereich kann sich ein - eventuell oberirdisch gelegener - Endbereich anschlieĆen. Die oberirdisch gelegenen Teile des Anfangs- und Endbereiches des Leiters kƶnnen elektrisch mit einer Stromquelle - dem Frequenzgenerator - kontaktiert sein. Es ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, die LeitungsinduktivitƤt des Leiters abschnittsweise durch SerienkapazitƤten zu kompensieren. Dabei kann fĆ¼r die Leitung mit integrierter Kompensation vorgesehen sein, dass die Frequenz des Frequenzgenerators auf die Resonanzfrequenz der Stromschleife abgestimmt wird. Die KapazitƤt im Leiter kann zwischen Kabel-Abschnitten gebildet. Ein vorliegendes Dielektrikum wird dabei so gewƤhlt, dass es eine hohen Spannungsfestigkeit und eine hohe TemperaturbestƤndigkeit erfĆ¼llt.After installation of the inductor as an induction loop in at least two holes and the connection of the induction loop to the frequency generator starts in the operation of the energizing the conductor, and thus the inductive heating substrate with devoted formation of a heating zone, which is characterized by an elevated temperature. The conductor loop or induction loop acts as an induction heater in operation to introduce additional heat into the deposit. The active area of the conductor may describe a nearly closed loop (ie, an oval) in the substantial horizontal direction within the deposit. The active area may be adjoined by an end area, possibly located above ground. The above-ground parts of the beginning and end of the conductor can be electrically connected to a power source - the frequency generator. It is preferably provided to partially compensate the line inductance of the conductor by series capacitances. It can be provided for the line with integrated compensation that the frequency of the frequency generator is tuned to the resonance frequency of the current loop. The capacitance in the conductor can be formed between cable sections. An existing dielectric is chosen so that it meets a high withstand voltage and high temperature resistance.
Eine Isolierung des Induktors gegen das umliegende Erdreich ist vorteilhaft, um resistive Strƶme durch das Erdreich zwischen den benachbarten Kabel-Abschnitten insbesondere im Bereich der Kondensatoren zu verhindern. Die Isolation verhindert weiterhin einen resistiven Stromfluss zwischen Hin- und RĆ¼ckleiter.Insulating the inductor against the surrounding soil is advantageous for preventing resistive currents through the earth between the adjacent cable sections, particularly in the region of the capacitors. The insulation furthermore prevents a resistive current flow between the forward and return conductors.
Die Kompensation der LƤngsinduktivitƤt kann im Betrieb mittels QuerkapazitƤten erfolgen. Der KapazitƤtsbelag - den eine Zweidrahtleitung wie z. B. eine Koaxialleitung oder Mehrdrahtleitungen ohnehin Ć¼ber ihre gesamt LƤnge bereitstellt - kann zur Kompensation der LƤngsinduktivitƤten verwendet werden. Dazu wird in gleichen AbstƤnden abwechselnd der Innen- und AuĆenleiter unterbrochen und so der Stromfluss Ć¼ber die verteilten QuerkapazitƤten erzwungen.The compensation of the longitudinal inductance can be done in operation by means of transverse capacitances. The capacitance - which is a two-wire line such. B. provides a coaxial line or multi-wire cables anyway over their entire length - can be used to compensate for the LƤngsinduktivitƤten. For this purpose, the inner and outer conductors are alternately interrupted at equal intervals, thus forcing the flow of current through the distributed transverse capacitances.
Die Temperatur im Betrieb in der ErwƤrmungszone hƤngt von der eingebrachten elektromagnetischen Leistung ab, welche sich aus den geologischen und physikalischen (z. B. elektrische LeitfƤhigkeit) Parametern der LagerstƤtte, sowie den technischen Parametern der elektrischen Anordnung, insbesondere bestehend aus dem Induktor und dem Hochfrequenzgenerator, ergibt. Diese Temperatur kann bis zu 300Ā°C erreichen und ist regelbar durch Ćnderung der StromstƤrke durch die Schleife des Induktors. Die Regelung erfolgt Ć¼ber den Frequenzgenerator. Die elektrische LeitfƤhigkeit der LagerstƤtte kann durch zusƤtzliches Injizieren von Wasser oder eines anderen Fluides, z. B. eines Elektrolytes, erhƶht werden.The temperature in operation in the heating zone depends on the electromagnetic power introduced, which consists of the geological and physical (eg electrical conductivity) parameters of the deposit, as well as the technical parameters of the electrical arrangement, in particular consisting of the inductor and the high frequency generator , results. This temperature can reach up to 300 Ā° C and is adjustable by changing the current through the loop of the inductor. The regulation takes place via the frequency generator. The electrical conductivity of the reservoir may be increased by injecting additional water or another fluid, e.g. As an electrolyte can be increased.
Die Temperaturentwicklung erfolgt zunƤchst aufgrund der Induktion von Wirbelstrƶmen in den elektrisch leitfƤhigen Bereichen des Untergrunds. Im Verlauf der ErwƤrmung entstehen Temperaturgradienten, das heisst Orte hƶherer Temperatur, als der ursprĆ¼nglichen Reservoirtemperatur. Die Orte hƶherer Temperatur entstehen dort, wo Wirbelstrƶme induziert werden. Der Ausgangspunkt der WƤrme ist daher nicht die Induktionsschleife bzw. der elektrische Leiter, sondern es sind die durch das elektromagnetische Feld in der elektrisch leitfƤhigen Schicht induzierten Wirbelstrƶme. Durch die im Laufe der Zeit entstehenden Temperaturgradienten kommt es in AbhƤngigkeit der thermischen Parameter wie thermischer LeitfƤhigkeit auch zur WƤrmeleitung, wodurch sich das Temperaturprofil ausgleicht. Mit grƶĆerem Abstand zum Leiter verringert sich die StƤrke des Wechselfeldes, so dass dort nur noch eine geringere ErwƤrmung ermƶglicht wird.The temperature development is initially due to the induction of eddy currents in the electrically conductive areas of the substrate. In the course of heating, temperature gradients, that is, places of higher temperature than the original reservoir temperature, are produced. The places of higher temperature arise where eddy currents are induced. The starting point of the heat is therefore not the induction loop or the electrical conductor, but it is the eddy currents induced by the electromagnetic field in the electrically conductive layer. Due to the temperature gradient that occurs over time, heat conduction also occurs depending on the thermal parameters such as thermal conductivity, which compensates for the temperature profile. With a greater distance from the conductor, the strength of the alternating field decreases, so that only a lower heating is possible there.
Erfolgt dagegen ein Abtransport der Fluide oder der fluide gemachten elektrisch leitfƤhigen FlĆ¼ssigkeiten sofort, sobald sie fluide gemacht wurden, so erfolgt an den leergefƶrderten Stellen um so weniger ErwƤrmung durch elektrische Wirbelstrƶme, je mehr das Erdreich mit seiner elektrischen LeitfƤhigkeit mit abtransportiert wurde. Zwar ist das elektromagnetische Feld immer noch da, jedoch kƶnnen sich Wirbelstrƶme nur dort ausbilden, wo noch LeitfƤhigkeit vorhanden sein wird. Allerdings kann ein AbflieĆen einer FlĆ¼ssigkeit bewirken, dass andere FlĆ¼ssigkeit nachflieĆt.If, on the other hand, a removal of the fluids or of the fluids made of electrically conductive fluids takes place immediately as soon as they have been made fluid, then the less heated by electrical eddy currents, the more the soil with its electrical conductivity has been transported away. Although the electromagnetic field is still there, eddy currents can only form where there will still be conductivity. However, draining a liquid can cause other liquid to flow.
Die eingebrachte Leistung wird vorzugsweise zwischen 100kW bis mehrere Megawatt eingestellt.The input power is preferably set between 100kW to several megawatts.
Die Erfindung betrifft lediglich einen Induktor. In einer LagerstƤtte kƶnnen allerdings je nach GrƶĆe mehrere Induktoren nebeneinander und mit Abstand zueinander verlegt werden.The invention relates only to an inductor. In a deposit, however, depending on the size of several inductors can be moved side by side and at a distance from each other.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch die bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele nƤher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschrƤnkt oder andere Variationen kƶnnen vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, or other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
- Inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, especially a reservoir (100), of a substance containing hydrocarbons, for example an oil sand, oil shale or heavy oil reservoir, by means of electromagnetic induction, especially for extracting the substance containing hydrocarbons from the reservoir (100), comprising at least one conductor (2), wherein the conductor (2) has at least one interruption point (4), characterised in that a rounded conductive body (40) is fitted to at least to one end area (6) of the conductor (2) at the interruption point (4).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the rounded conductive body (40) comprises a hemispherical surface (40A) or a continuously curved collar-shaped surface (40B).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the conductor (2) consists of a number of preferably individually-insulated wires and wire ends of the end area (6) of the conductor (2) are connected to the rounded conductive body (40) by means of pressing and/or crimping and/or soldering and/or welding and/or electrically-conductive gluing.
- Inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a further rounded conductive body (40') is fitted to a further end area (6) of the conductor (2) at the interruption point (4) and that an insulating spacer (32) is positioned between the rounded conductive body (40) and the further rounded conductive body (40').
- Inductor (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the insulating spacer (32) has a surface section, wherein the surface section of the insulating spacer (32) is connected mechanically and preferably with a form fit to a surface section of the rounded conductive body (40).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the insulating spacer (32) is embodied and surface shapes of the insulating spacer (32) engage into surface shapes of the rounded conductive body (40) and into surface shapes of the further rounded conductive body (40') such that the rounded conductive body (40) and the further rounded conductive body (40') are fixed in relation to one another without an offset and at a pre-specified distance.
- Inductor (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the rounded conductive body (40) and the further rounded conductive body (40') and the insulating spacer (32) are introduced into a hollow-cylindrical further sleeve, wherein the further sleeve is embodied as an insulator (34) or as a conductive sleeve (33).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that wires of a further conductor (3) are routed through the material of the further sleeve embodied as an insulator (34).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that wires of a further conductor (3) are connected conductively to the material of the conductive sleeve (34).
- Inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inductor (1) comprises at least two conductor bundles, wherein a first of the two conductor bundles comprises at least the first conductor (2) and a second conductor and a second of the two conductor bundles comprises at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor, wherein a first hollow-cylindrical sleeve is embodied in one piece with the second hollow-cylindrical sleeve such that a jacket element of the first hollow-cylindrical sleeve and a jacket element of the second hollow-cylindrical sleeve are combined with one another for a section.
- Inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inductor (1) comprises at least three conductor bundles, wherein a first of the three conductor bundles comprises at least the first conductor (2) and a second conductor and a second of the three conductor bundles comprises at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor and a third of the three conductor bundles comprises at least a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor, wherein a first hollow-cylindrical sleeve is embodied in one piece with a second hollow-cylindrical sleeve and with a third hollow-cylindrical sleeve such that a jacket element of the first hollow-cylindrical sleeve and a jacket element of the second hollow-cylindrical sleeve are combined with one another for a first section, the jacket element of the first hollow-cylindrical sleeve and a jacket element of the third hollow-cylindrical sleeve are combined with one another for a second section and the jacket element of the second hollow-cylindrical sleeve and the jacket element of the third hollow-cylindrical sleeve are combined with one another for a third section.
- Inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a plurality of conductors (2), which each have an interruption point (4) according to claim 1, wherein the respective interruption points (4) of the conductors (2) have a mutual offset (14) along a longitudinal extent (A) of the inductor (1).
- Inductor (1) according to claim 12, characterised in that the conductors (2) embody an interlaced or stranded structure which extends along the longitudinal extent (A) of the inductor (1).
- Operating method for heating a geological formation, especially a reservoir of a substance containing hydrocarbons, for example an oil sand, or oil shale or heavy oil reservoir, by means of electromagnetic induction, especially for recovering the substance containing hydrocarbons from the reservoir, in which an inductor (1) disposed in the geological formation with at least one conductor (2) is activated such that an electromagnetic field forms in the geological formation, wherein for this purpose the conductor (2) has at least one interruption point (4), wherein a rounded conductive body (40) is attached at least to one end area (6) of the conductor (2) at the interruption point (4).
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CA2949575A CA2949575C (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2015-04-22 | Inductor and method for heating a geological formation |
EA201692324A EA201692324A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2015-04-22 | INDUCTOR AND METHOD OF HEATING GEOLOGICAL FORMATION |
PCT/EP2015/058667 WO2015176904A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2015-04-22 | Inductor and method for heating a geological formation |
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US5182427A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1993-01-26 | Metcal, Inc. | Self-regulating heater utilizing ferrite-type body |
DE102008022176A1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-11-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for "in situ" production of bitumen or heavy oil |
DE102007040605B3 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-10-30 | Siemens Ag | Device for conveying bitumen or heavy oil in-situ from oil sand deposits comprises conductors arranged parallel to each other in the horizontal direction at a predetermined depth of a reservoir |
AU2012203096B2 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2014-11-13 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation |
DE102008062326A1 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for inductive heating of oil sands and heavy oil deposits by means of live conductors |
EP2623709A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-08-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Condenser device for a conducting loop of a device for in situ transport of heavy oil and bitumen from oil sands deposits |
CA2857698C (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2019-10-15 | Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh | Method for producing a cable core, having a conductor surrounded by an insulation, for a cable, in particular for an induction cable, and cable core and cable |
-
2014
- 2014-05-21 EP EP14169325.9A patent/EP2947262B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2015
- 2015-04-22 CA CA2949575A patent/CA2949575C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-22 EA EA201692324A patent/EA201692324A1/en unknown
- 2015-04-22 WO PCT/EP2015/058667 patent/WO2015176904A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2949575C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
CA2949575A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
EP2947262A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
EA201692324A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
WO2015176904A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
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