EP2925956B1 - Shielded multi-pair arrangement as supply line to an inductive heating loop in heavy oil deposits - Google Patents

Shielded multi-pair arrangement as supply line to an inductive heating loop in heavy oil deposits Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2925956B1
EP2925956B1 EP13786446.8A EP13786446A EP2925956B1 EP 2925956 B1 EP2925956 B1 EP 2925956B1 EP 13786446 A EP13786446 A EP 13786446A EP 2925956 B1 EP2925956 B1 EP 2925956B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
conductors
shield pipe
arrangement according
pairs
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EP13786446.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2925956A2 (en
Inventor
Dirk Diehl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00Power cables
    • H01B9/06Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02Induction heating
    • H05B6/10Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs for the symmetrical feeding of a consumer.
  • SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • an inductive heater can be used to support or extract heavy oils or bitumen.
  • Such inductive heating is in the document DE 10 2008 044 953 A1 disclosed.
  • the electromagnetic inductive heating consists of a conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir and induces eddy currents in the surrounding soil when energized, which heat this.
  • the desired Typically, to achieve heating power densities of typically 1-10 kW per meter of inductor length, it is necessary, depending on the conductivity of the reservoir, to impose currents of a few 100 amperes at frequencies typically 20-100 kHz.
  • the heater assembly includes first and second single conductors, each of which has an isolated portion and a non-insulated portion, and is composed of at least one wire.
  • the first and second single conductors are intertwined, twisted or intertwined and twisted together such that the uninsulated portion of each individual conductor adjoins the isolated portion of the other individual conductor.
  • a system and method for heating a geological formation are disclosed.
  • the system includes a heating assembly in a wellbore extending into a formation, an extraction well connected to a pump and disposed below the first wellbore, and a transferring device connected to the heating assembly.
  • the method includes the steps of providing the system components, connecting the heater assembly to the radio frequency energy transfer device, energizing the heater assembly with radio frequency energy using the transfer device, and pumping out hydrocarbons from the extraction wellbore.
  • each conductor is insulated individually and consists of a single wire or a plurality of wires, which in turn are insulated for themselves.
  • Multifilament conductor structure is formed, which has already been proposed in electrical engineering for other purposes.
  • a multi-band and / or multi-foil conductor structure can be realized for the same purpose.
  • the WO 00/00989 A1 discloses a method for providing a single- or multi-phase electrical cable for conducting current through insulated conductors and for generating a weak external magnetic field so as to obtain a cable in which at least one of the above-mentioned conductors is made up of two or more insulated sub-conductors in parallel and wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the sub-conductors is equal to an intended cross-sectional area of the conductor, and wherein the sum of the currents flowing through the sub-conductors is equal to a predetermined current flowing through the conductor.
  • the arrangement in the cable is such that each of said sub-conductors is adjacent to a conductor or sub-conductor having either a different phase or a different current direction.
  • a conductor arrangement is known in which individual strands of three separately insulated phase conductors are insulated from each other within a tube by means of a fluid and are provided at predetermined intervals support discs made of a ceramic material or other good insulating material to a substantially uniform spacing of the Phase conductor strands to each other and the tube to ensure.
  • This object is achieved by means of an arrangement of a plurality of pairs of electrical conductors for symmetrical power supply of a consumer - in particular a capacitively compensated conductor loop for inductive heating of deposits of hydrocarbonaceous substances such as oil sands, bitumen, heavy oil, natural gas, shale gas - and a shielding tube enclosing them, with forward and return conductors the conductor pairs are alternately arranged in a cyclic and / or evenly distributed manner within the screen tube surrounding the plurality of conductor pairs.
  • the conductors are distributed radially and uniformly over the circumference at a predetermined distance, wherein alternately a forward and return conductor of a pair of conductors is arranged.
  • the conductors are preferably arranged spaced from one another.
  • the distance from lateral surfaces of two conductors to each other is, for example, at least as large as the diameter of one of the conductors. Due to the complete inclusion of the electric field in the conductor structure, the electrical insulation of the shielding tube to the surrounding soil in onshore or to the surrounding seawater in offshore applications can be omitted.
  • the arrangement of return conductor pairs leads to a balanced line which is ideally suited to transmit the earth potential of the symmetrical output voltage of the generator to a conductor loop - this is especially true when using an insulating output transformer with a grounded center tap.
  • the higher the number of return conductor pairs in the described alternating arrangement the faster the surrounding electric and magnetic fields drop outwards towards the screen tube. Accordingly, the currents occurring in the shield tube and the associated losses are lower.
  • conductors with rounded sector-shaped conductor cross-section are used. Thus, higher capacitance and thus lower line impedances can be achieved without increasing the maximum electric field strength.
  • the conductor cross sections are hollow. As a result, weight can be saved and the conductor cross-section at high frequencies - be better used here up to 200 kHz.
  • a dielectric acting as insulation between the conductors made of plastic or ceramic or as a fluid can be selected.
  • Solid dielectrics such as those of plastic or ceramic have the advantages of supporting the conductors at the same time and sealing the conduit against passage of fluids from the reservoir, thereby providing Caprock Integrity.
  • Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently.
  • Some silicone or synthetic oils can also be used as a dielectric at high temperatures around or above 300 ° C. Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist the bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained.
  • Another advantage over a gas filling is that, for example, an oil used as a dielectric can build up a hydrostatic pressure due to its specific weight, which corresponds approximately to that of the surrounding soil. Thus, an outer conductor would be supported by the internal pressure of the oil.
  • supporting disks for holding and / or guiding the conductors in the shielding tube are provided at predetermined intervals.
  • the support disks are required to hold in position in the guide tube guided in the tube while ensuring the longitudinal tightness of the line.
  • small openings would be required in the support disks, whereby an outer conductor can be supported by the internal pressure of the oil.
  • the conductors or pairs of conductors are arranged in the shield tube in the form of a helix.
  • the leadership of the conductor pairs as a helix is advantageous when laying in bows, as it allows a length compensation of inner and outer bows. Furthermore, this can additionally achieve a further reduction of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the conductors and / or the shielding tube are advantageously made of an electrically highly conductive and non-ferromagnetic material (for example, aluminum) to reduce ohmic losses and magnetic hysteresis losses or to avoid.
  • an electrically highly conductive and non-ferromagnetic material for example, aluminum
  • the shield tube is constructed concentrically multilayered. If the innermost layer is made of a good electrical conductor, e.g. Aluminum, the ohmic losses can be reduced. Conductor material that is not ferromagnetic avoids hysteresis losses. Already a few millimeters thick innermost conductor layer, e.g. 3-5 skin penetration depths is sufficient to ensure a sufficiently high electromagnetic shielding. Another layer, for example made of steel, can ensure a required mechanical stability. If necessary, other plastic coatings can be applied as corrosion protection, which may be necessary especially in offshore applications.
  • a good electrical conductor e.g. Aluminum
  • Conductor material that is not ferromagnetic avoids hysteresis losses.
  • a few millimeters thick innermost conductor layer e.g. 3-5 skin penetration depths is sufficient to ensure a sufficiently high electromagnetic shielding.
  • Another layer for example made of steel, can ensure a required mechanical stability. If necessary, other plastic coatings can be applied as corrosion protection, which may be
  • the sole figure shows a perspective view of a section through the longitudinal axis of a ladder in a schematic - Not claimed - Presentation to illustrate the invention.
  • the number of Hin- 1 and return conductor 2 pairs 3 is increased in the described alternating arrangement, as this attenuate the surrounding electromagnetic fields outwardly to the screen tube 4 back very quickly. As a result, the eddy currents forming in the shielding tube 4 and the associated losses decrease.
  • a fluid-for example a gas such as nitrogen or SF 6 or a liquid such as transformer oil or silicone oil- is provided as insulation or dielectric between the conductors 1, 2.
  • Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained. However, at certain intervals, for example one to twenty meters, support disks 5 are needed, which hold the ladder 1, 2 in position while ensuring the longitudinal tightness of the line.
  • Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently. Some silicone or synthetic oils can also be used as a dielectric at high temperatures around or above 300 ° C.
  • successive distributed support disks 5 are continuously slightly rotated against each other, wherein the individual conductors 1, 2 or conductor pairs 3 form a helix.
  • the conductor pairs 3 By guiding the conductor pairs 3 as a helix, these can be laid particularly advantageously in bends for length compensation of internal or external curves.
  • such a "twisting" offers a further reduction in particular of an electromagnetic radiation of the conductors 1, 2.
  • the conductor tube 4 enveloping the shield tube 4 can be placed at ground potential, or may be performed without electrical insulation by soil or seawater. At the operating frequencies in the range of 10-200 kHz, which are used here in comparison with the mains frequency, grounding is ensured by a capacitive short circuit even if a thin, e.g. 0.5 mm thick plastic outer coating is applied as corrosion protection. This results in significant advantages over a spatially further separate and unshielded leadership of return conductors 1, 2, as they are known from the prior art.
  • the pairs of conductors 3 including the shielding tube 4 can be passed through a commercially available wellhead made of steel, since there are no electromagnetic fields outside of the shielding tube. Otherwise, the electromagnetic fields would result in undesirable and unacceptable heating of a steel wellhead, or would require a non-conductive and non-ferromagnetic wellhead such as plastic. Plastic wellheads are not currently being developed.
  • a field-free and thus loss-free outdoor space is particularly advantageous in the implementation of a passage through seawater, since the electrical conductivity of the salt water of about 5 S / m by a multiple, about 10-1000 times higher than in a cover mountains onshore applications.
  • the passage of an unshielded inductor cable through seawater would lead to correspondingly higher and possibly unacceptable electrical losses, which can be avoided with the shielded multipair cable 3.
  • This multi-pair shielded line 3 connects a capacitively compensated conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir, to a power generator, eg converter - not shown - on the surface.
  • a power generator eg converter - not shown - on the surface.
  • all Hinleiter 1 are combined and placed on an output terminal of the generator and also connected all the return line 2 and placed on the other output terminal of the generator.
  • all the leads 1 are laid on one branch of the conductor loop and all the return conductors 2 are placed on the other branch of the loop.
  • a decoupling of the power takes place on Inverter via an output transformer for electrical insulation and voltage adjustment to the load.
  • a Aus + gangstrafo be used with center tap.
  • the center tap can be grounded on the screen tube 4, wherein at the operating frequency, even a capacitive grounding is given when the shield tube 4 with an electrically insulating coating, such as plastic, protective coating, etc is wrapped.
  • a wave impedance of the line pairs 3 can be determined by appropriate cross-sectional configuration, ie pipe diameter and pipe spacing and distance to the shield tube 4, and a choice of the dielectric in wide ranges, eg 1 - 500 ohms. This is matched to generator and load impedance and electrical length of the line pairs 3. With the grounded center tap on the output transformer, a symmetrical output voltage is ensured. This is important to keep the shield tube 4 and all associated resources, such as a wellhead safely at ground potential.
  • a compensated inductor cable - as is the case here - itself connected directly to the output transformer of the inverter, an impedance matching must be ensured only by the output transformer.
  • Other transformations which also include some reactive-power compensation of the conductor loop, can also be achieved.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung mehrerer elektrischer Leiterpaare zur symmetrischen Speisung eines Verbrauchers.The invention relates to an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs for the symmetrical feeding of a consumer.

Zur Förderung von Schwerstölen oder Bitumen aus Ölsand- oder Ölschiefervorkommen mittels Rohrsystemen, welche durch Bohrungen darin eingebracht werden, muss die Fließfähigkeit der Öle erheblich erhöht werden. Dies kann durch Temperaturerhöhung des Vorkommens bzw. Reservoirs erreicht werden, beispielsweise durch ein Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage(SAGD)-Verfahren.For conveying heavy oils or bitumen from oil sands or oil shale deposits by means of pipe systems, which are introduced through holes therein, the flowability of the oils must be considerably increased. This can be achieved by increasing the temperature of the deposit or reservoir, for example by a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) method.

Beim SAGD-Verfahren wird Wasserdampf - dem Lösungsmittel zugesetzt sein können - unter hohem Druck durch ein innerhalb des Reservoirs horizontal verlaufendes Rohr eingepresst. Das aufgeheizte, geschmolzene und vom Sand oder Gestein abgelöste Bitumen sickert zu einem zweiten etwa 5 m tiefer gelegenem Rohr, durch das die Förderung des verflüssigten Bitumens erfolgt. Der Wasserdampf hat dabei mehrere Aufgaben gleichzeitig zu erfüllen, nämlich die Einbringung der Heizenergie zur Verflüssigung, das Ablösen vom Sand sowie den Druckaufbau im Reservoir herzustellen, um einerseits das Reservoir geomechanisch für einen Bitumentransport durchlässig zu machen (Permeabilität) und andererseits die Förderung des Bitumens ohne zusätzliche Pumpen zu ermöglichen.In the SAGD process, water vapor - which may be added to the solvent - is pressed in under high pressure through a tube extending horizontally within the reservoir. The heated, molten and detached from the sand or rock bitumen seeps to a second about 5 m deeper located pipe through which the promotion of liquefied bitumen occurs. The steam has to fulfill several tasks at the same time, namely the introduction of heating energy for liquefaction, the detachment of the sand and the pressure build up in the reservoir to make on the one hand the reservoir geomechanically permeable to a bitumen transport (permeability) and on the other hand, the promotion of bitumen without to allow additional pumps.

Zusätzlich zu dem SAGD-Verfahren oder stattdessen kann eine induktive Heizung zur Unterstützung oder Förderung von Schwerstölen oder Bitumen verwendet werden. Eine derartige induktive Heizung ist in der Druckschrift DE 10 2008 044 953 A1 offenbart. Dabei besteht die elektromagnetisch induktive Heizung aus einer Leiterschleife, die im Reservoir verlegt ist und bei Bestromung im umliegenden Erdreich Wirbelströme induziert, die dieses erhitzen. Um die gewünschten Heizleistungsdichten von typisch 1-10 kW je Meter Länge eines Induktors zu erreichen, ist es - je nach Leitfähigkeit des Reservoirs - erforderlich Stromstärken von einigen 100 Ampere bei Frequenzen von typisch 20-100 kHz einzuprägen. Zur Kompensation eines induktiven Spannungsabfalls entlang der Leiterschleife werden Kapazitäten zwischengeschaltet, wodurch ein Serienresonanzkreis entsteht, der bei seiner Resonanzfrequenz betrieben wird und an den Klemmen eine rein ohmsche Last darstellt. Ohne diese Serienkondensatoren würde sich der induktive Spannungsabfall der bis zu einigen 100 m langen Leiterschleifen auf einige 10 kV bis über 100 kV an den Anschlussklemmen aufsummieren, was u.a. bezüglich der Isolation gegen das Erdreich kaum handhabbar ist.In addition to the SAGD method or instead, an inductive heater can be used to support or extract heavy oils or bitumen. Such inductive heating is in the document DE 10 2008 044 953 A1 disclosed. In this case, the electromagnetic inductive heating consists of a conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir and induces eddy currents in the surrounding soil when energized, which heat this. To the desired Typically, to achieve heating power densities of typically 1-10 kW per meter of inductor length, it is necessary, depending on the conductivity of the reservoir, to impose currents of a few 100 amperes at frequencies typically 20-100 kHz. To compensate for an inductive voltage drop along the conductor loop capacitances are interposed, creating a series resonant circuit that operates at its resonant frequency and represents a purely resistive load on the terminals. Without these series capacitors, the inductive voltage drop of up to several 100 m long conductor loops would add up to several 10 kV to over 100 kV at the terminals, which is hardly manageable with respect to the insulation against the ground.

Aus der WO 2012/036984 A1 ist eine elektromagnetische Heizanordnung bekannt. Die Heizanordnung umfasst einen ersten und einen zweiten Einzelleiter, von welchen jeder einen isolierten Abschnitt und einen nicht isolierten Abschnitt aufweist und aus mindestens einem Draht besteht. Die ersten und zweiten Einzelleiter sind miteinander verflochten, verdrillt oder sowohl miteinander verflochten und verdrillt derart, dass der nicht isolierte Abschnitt eines jeden Einzelleiters angrenzt an den isolierten Abschnitt des anderen Einzelleiters. Des Weiteren werden ein System und ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung einer geologischen Formation offenbart. Das System beinhaltet eine Heizanordnung in einem Bohrloch, das sich in eine Formation hinein erstreckt, ein Extraktionsbohrloch, das mit einer Pumpe verbunden ist und unter dem ersten Bohrloch angeordnet ist, und eine Übertragungseinrichtung, die mit der Heizanordnung verbunden ist. Das Verfahren beinhaltet die Schritte Bereitstellung der Systemkomponenten, Anschluss der Heizanordnung an die Hochfrequenzenergieübertragungseinrichtung, Beaufschlagung der Heizanordnung mit Hochfrequenzenergie unter Verwendung der Übertragungseinrichtung und Herauspumpen von Kohlenwasserstoffen aus dem Extraktionsbohrloch.From the WO 2012/036984 A1 an electromagnetic heating arrangement is known. The heater assembly includes first and second single conductors, each of which has an isolated portion and a non-insulated portion, and is composed of at least one wire. The first and second single conductors are intertwined, twisted or intertwined and twisted together such that the uninsulated portion of each individual conductor adjoins the isolated portion of the other individual conductor. Furthermore, a system and method for heating a geological formation are disclosed. The system includes a heating assembly in a wellbore extending into a formation, an extraction well connected to a pump and disposed below the first wellbore, and a transferring device connected to the heating assembly. The method includes the steps of providing the system components, connecting the heater assembly to the radio frequency energy transfer device, energizing the heater assembly with radio frequency energy using the transfer device, and pumping out hydrocarbons from the extraction wellbore.

Weiterhin müsste eine Kompensation der Blindleistung am oder im Generator erfolgen.Furthermore, a compensation of the reactive power would have to be done on or in the generator.

In der DE 10 2008 062 326 A1 wird vorgeschlagen, zwei oder mehr Leitergruppen in periodisch wiederholten Abschnitten definierter Länge (resonance length) kapazitiv zu verkoppeln. Dabei ist jeder Leiter einzeln isoliert und besteht aus einem einzigen Draht oder einer Vielzahl von wiederum für sich isolierten Drähten. Insbesondere wird eine sog. Multifilament-Leiterstruktur gebildet, die in der Elektrotechnik für andere Zwecke bereits vorgeschlagen wurde. Gegebenenfalls kann auch eine Multiband- und/oder Multifolien-Leiterstruktur für den gleichen Zweck realisiert werden.In the DE 10 2008 062 326 A1 It is proposed to capacitively couple two or more conductor groups in periodically repeated sections of defined length (nominal length). Each conductor is insulated individually and consists of a single wire or a plurality of wires, which in turn are insulated for themselves. In particular, a so-called. Multifilament conductor structure is formed, which has already been proposed in electrical engineering for other purposes. Optionally, a multi-band and / or multi-foil conductor structure can be realized for the same purpose.

Unabhängig von der Art des eingesetzten kapazitiv kompensierten Induktors besteht ein Problem darin, die Heizleistung vom Generator bzw. Frequenzumrichter, der bevorzugt an der Erdboden- bzw. Meeres- Oberfläche positioniert ist, möglichst verlustarm an die Leiterschleife im Reservoir zu übertragen.Regardless of the type of capacitively compensated inductor used, there is a problem in transferring the heating power from the generator or frequency converter, which is preferably positioned on the ground or sea surface, as low as possible to the conductor loop in the reservoir.

Ein weiteres Problem stellt die Durchdringung der Deckschicht - Overburden - durch Zuleitungen dar, die derart zu erfolgen hat, dass unter keinen Umständen Fluida aus dem Reservoir unkontrolliert an die Oberfläche gelangen dürfen, was auch unter dem Stichwort: Caprock Integrity bekannt ist.Another problem is the penetration of the cover layer - Overburden - by supply lines, which must be such that under no circumstances may fluids from the reservoir uncontrolled get to the surface, which is also known under the keyword: Caprock Integrity.

Zusätzlich dazu stellt auch die Belastung durch mechanischen und hydraulischen Aussendruck ein Problem dar, dem die Zuleitung Onshore wie Offshore insbesondere bei über 1000 m tief liegenden Reservoiren standhalten muss, was einem Druck von über 100 bar entspricht.In addition, the load from mechanical and hydraulic external pressure is a problem to which the supply line must withstand onshore and offshore especially in over 1000 m deep reservoirs, which corresponds to a pressure of over 100 bar.

Bisher wird überwiegend davon ausgegangen, dass die Verbindung der Leiterschleife mit einem Umrichter durch eine kapazitiv kompensierte Induktorleitung erfolgt. Die Verluste im Deckgebirge - Overburden - können weitgehend vermieden werden, indem Hin- und Rückleiter parallel und in geringem Abstand voneinander, z.B. <5 m) geführt werden, solange keine metallische insbesondere keine ferromagnetische Schirmung/Umhüllung jedes einzelnen Induktorarmes - Hin- bzw. Rückleitung - erfolgt, da sonst in dieser erhebliche Verluste durch Wirbelströme und Hysterese auftreten würden. Eine solche Einschränkung im Material der Bohrungsauskleidung verbietet insbesondere die Verwendung der sonst, z.B. bei SAGD üblichen Stahlrohre. Es würden also Kunststoffrohre zur Bohrlochauskleidung und Bohrlochköpfe aus Kunststoff, z.B. GFK benötigt, die prinzipiell gefertigt werden können, jedoch kostspielig und derzeit nicht zertifiziert sind.So far, it is predominantly assumed that the connection of the conductor loop to a converter is effected by a capacitively compensated inductor line. The losses in the overburden - Overburden - can be largely avoided by leading and returning conductors parallel and at a small distance from each other, eg <5 m), as long as no Metallic in particular no ferromagnetic shielding / sheathing of each individual Induktorarmes - outgoing or return line - takes place, otherwise significant losses would occur in this by eddy currents and hysteresis. Such a restriction in the material of the bore lining prohibits, in particular, the use of the otherwise usual steel pipes, for example in SAGD. It would therefore plastic pipes for borehole lining and wellheads made of plastic, such as fiberglass needed that can be manufactured in principle, however, are expensive and currently not certified.

Beispielsweise ist in der US 1 625 125 A ein elektrisches Leiterpaar offenbart, dass in mehrere Leiterpaare aufgeteilt wird, wobei Hin- und Rückleiter der Leiterpaare jeweils abwechselnd konzyklisch und/oder gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind, um eine Selbstinduktion in Leitern einer Energieübertragungsleitung zu verringern.For example, in the US Pat. No. 1,625,125 A discloses an electrical conductor pair that is divided into a plurality of pairs of conductors, wherein the return conductor of the pairs of conductors are each arranged alternately in a cyclic and / or evenly distributed, in order to reduce self-induction in conductors of a power transmission line.

Die WO 00/00989 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines ein- oder mehrphasigen elektrischen Kabels zur Leitung von Strom durch isolierte Leiter und zur Erzeugung eines schwachen äußeren Magnetfelds, um so ein Kabel zu erhalten, bei dem mindestens einer der oben genannten Leiter aus zwei oder mehr isolierten Teilleitern in Parallelschaltung gebildet ist, und bei dem die Summe der Querschnittsflächen der Teilleiter gleich einer vorgesehenen Querschnittsfläche des Leiters ist, und bei dem die Summe der Ströme, die durch die Teilleiter fließen, gleich einem vorgegebenen Strom ist, der durch den Leiter fließt. Die Anordnung in dem Kabel ist dergestalt, dass jeder der genannten Teilleiter zu einem Leiter oder Teilleiter benachbart ist, der entweder eine andere Phase oder eine andere Stromrichtung aufweist.The WO 00/00989 A1 discloses a method for providing a single- or multi-phase electrical cable for conducting current through insulated conductors and for generating a weak external magnetic field so as to obtain a cable in which at least one of the above-mentioned conductors is made up of two or more insulated sub-conductors in parallel and wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the sub-conductors is equal to an intended cross-sectional area of the conductor, and wherein the sum of the currents flowing through the sub-conductors is equal to a predetermined current flowing through the conductor. The arrangement in the cable is such that each of said sub-conductors is adjacent to a conductor or sub-conductor having either a different phase or a different current direction.

Es ist auch bekannt, eine Verbindung als Koaxialleitung auszuführen. Dabei wird die Ausgangsspannung eines Umrichters zwischen Innen- und Außenleiter der Koaxialleitung eingespeist, um das Deckgebirge zu durchdringen. Im Reservoir sind Innen- und Außenleiter Y-förmig auseinander geführt, um die beiden Arme des Induktors zu bilden und am gegenüber liegenden Ende miteinander noch im Reservoir verbunden, um die Leiterschleife zu schließen. Aufgrund der symmetrischen Speisung kann ein Außenmantel der Koaxialleitung jedoch nicht auf Erdpotential gelegt werden und erfordert daher eine elektrische Außenisolation. Bei einer solchen Anordnung treten keine Magnetfelder außerhalb der Koaxialleiter auf und daher auch keine Wirbelstromverluste im Deckgebirge. Weiterhin kann die Koaxialleitung mit elektrischer Außenisolation auch von einem Stahlrohr umhüllt sein, welches in das Deckgebirge einbetoniert wird, um eine Abdichtung gegen das Reservoir sicherzustellen. Des Weiteren sind übliche stählerne Bohrlochköpfe verwendbar. Nachteilig ist jedoch die Notwendigkeit einer Außenisolation. Zum einen kann diese elektrisch Versagen, was zu Überschlägen zum Bohrkopf oder der Bohrungsauskleidung führen kann, zum anderen könnten durch einen Ringspalt zwischen der Außenisolation und der umgebenden Bohrungsauskleidung Fluida aus dem Reservoir bis zu Oberfläche gelangen, wenn eine Dichtung versagt. Dieses Risiko wird dadurch erhöht, dass beim Einführen der Koaxialzuleitung in die Bohrungsauskleidung unter Realbedingungen Beschädigungen auftreten und/oder Verunreinigung eingebracht werden.It is also known to make a connection as a coaxial line. In this case, the output voltage of an inverter between the inner and outer conductor of the coaxial line is fed to penetrate the overburden. In the reservoir inner and outer conductors are Y-shaped apart, around the form two arms of the inductor and still connected together at the opposite end in the reservoir to close the conductor loop. Due to the symmetrical feed, however, an outer jacket of the coaxial line can not be grounded and therefore requires external electrical insulation. In such an arrangement, no magnetic fields occur outside of the coaxial and therefore no eddy current losses in the overburden. Furthermore, the coaxial cable with external electrical insulation can also be enveloped by a steel tube which is concreted into the overburden to ensure a seal against the reservoir. Furthermore, common steel wellheads are usable. The disadvantage, however, is the need for external insulation. On the one hand, this can fail electrically, which can lead to rollovers to the drill head or the bore lining, on the other hand could pass through an annular gap between the outer insulation and the surrounding bore lining fluids from the reservoir to the surface when a seal fails. This risk is increased by the fact that damage occurs during insertion of the coaxial feed line into the bore lining under real conditions and / or contamination is introduced.

Aus der DE 16 15 041 A ist eine Leiteranordnung bekannt, bei der einzelne Stränge von drei getrennt isolierten Phasenleiter innerhalb eines Rohres mit Hilfe eines Fluids voneinander isoliert werden und bei der in vorbestimmten Abständen Stützscheiben aus einem keramischen Werkstoff oder einem anderen guten Isolierstoff vorgesehen sind, um einen im wesentlichen gleichmäßigen Abstand der Phaseneiterstränge zueinander und zum Rohr hin zu gewährleisten.From the DE 16 15 041 A a conductor arrangement is known in which individual strands of three separately insulated phase conductors are insulated from each other within a tube by means of a fluid and are provided at predetermined intervals support discs made of a ceramic material or other good insulating material to a substantially uniform spacing of the Phase conductor strands to each other and the tube to ensure.

Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung eine geeignete Vorrichtung bzw. Leiter-Anordnung zur Speisung einer elektrischen bzw. elektromagnetischen Heizung eines Reservoirs einer Schweröl- bzw. Ölsand-Lagerstätte zu schaffen, die ökologische Risiken minimiert und effizient betrieben werden kann.Starting from the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a suitable device or conductor arrangement for supplying an electric or electromagnetic heating of a reservoir of a heavy oil or oil sands deposit, which minimizes ecological risks and can be operated efficiently.

Diese Aufgabe wird mittels einer Anordnung mehrerer elektrischer Leiterpaare zur symmetrischen Speisung eines Verbrauchers - insbesondere einer kapazitiv kompensierten Leiterschleife zur induktiven Heizung von Lagerstätten kohlenwasserstoffhaltiger Substanzen wie Ölsand, Bitumen, Schweröl, Erdgas, Schiefergas - und eines sie umhüllenden Schirmrohres gelöst, wobei Hin- und Rückleiter der Leiterpaare jeweils abwechselnd konzyklisch und/oder gleichmäßig verteilt innerhalb des die mehreren Leiterpaare umhüllenden Schirmrohres angeordnet sind. Dabei sind die Leiter in einem vorbestimmten Abstand radial und gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt, wobei abwechselnd ein Hin- und Rückleiter eines Leiterpaares angeordnet ist. Die Leiter sind vorzugsweise zueinander beabstandet angeordnet. Der Abstand von Mantelflächen von zwei Leitern zueinander ist dabei zum Beispiel mindestens so groß wie der Durchmesser eines der Leiter. Durch den vollständigen Einschluss des elektrischen Feldes in der Leiterstruktur, kann die elektrische Isolation des Schirmrohres zum umgebenden Erdreich bei Onshore- bzw. zum umgebenden Meerwasser bei Offshore-Anwendungen entfallen.This object is achieved by means of an arrangement of a plurality of pairs of electrical conductors for symmetrical power supply of a consumer - in particular a capacitively compensated conductor loop for inductive heating of deposits of hydrocarbonaceous substances such as oil sands, bitumen, heavy oil, natural gas, shale gas - and a shielding tube enclosing them, with forward and return conductors the conductor pairs are alternately arranged in a cyclic and / or evenly distributed manner within the screen tube surrounding the plurality of conductor pairs. The conductors are distributed radially and uniformly over the circumference at a predetermined distance, wherein alternately a forward and return conductor of a pair of conductors is arranged. The conductors are preferably arranged spaced from one another. The distance from lateral surfaces of two conductors to each other is, for example, at least as large as the diameter of one of the conductors. Due to the complete inclusion of the electric field in the conductor structure, the electrical insulation of the shielding tube to the surrounding soil in onshore or to the surrounding seawater in offshore applications can be omitted.

Die Anordnung von Hin- und Rückleiter-Paaren führt zu einer symmetrischen Leitung, die ideal geeignet ist, die zum Erdpotential symmetrische Ausgangsspannung des Generators an eine Leiterschleife zu übertragen - dies gilt insbesondere bei Verwendung eines isolierenden Ausgangstrafos mit einem geerdetem Mittelabgriff. Je höher die Anzahl der Hin- und Rückleiter-Paaren bei beschriebener abwechselnder Anordnung ist, desto schneller fallen die sie umgebenden elektrischen und magnetischen Felder nach außen zum Schirmrohr hin ab. Demnach sind die im Schirmrohr auftretenden Ströme und die damit einhergehenden Verluste geringer. Darüber hinaus werden Leiter mit abgerundetem sektorförmigem Leiterquerschnitt verwendet. Damit können höhere Kapazitätsbeläge und damit geringere Leitungsimpedanzen erreicht werden, ohne die elektrische Maximalfeldstärke zu erhöhen.The arrangement of return conductor pairs leads to a balanced line which is ideally suited to transmit the earth potential of the symmetrical output voltage of the generator to a conductor loop - this is especially true when using an insulating output transformer with a grounded center tap. The higher the number of return conductor pairs in the described alternating arrangement, the faster the surrounding electric and magnetic fields drop outwards towards the screen tube. Accordingly, the currents occurring in the shield tube and the associated losses are lower. In addition, conductors with rounded sector-shaped conductor cross-section are used. Thus, higher capacitance and thus lower line impedances can be achieved without increasing the maximum electric field strength.

Das kann dazu genutzt werden, die Leiterquerschnittsabmessungen zu verringern, bzw. den Bereich der erreichbaren Leitungsimpedanzen nach unten zu erweitern, ohne die Anforderungen an die Spannungsfestigkeit des Dielektrikums zu erhöhen.This can be used to reduce the conductor cross-sectional dimensions, or to extend down the range of achievable line impedances without increasing the dielectric strength requirements of the dielectric.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind die Leiterquerschnitte hohl ausgebildet. Dadurch kann Gewicht eingespart werden und der Leiterquerschnitt bei hohen Frequenzen - hier bis 200 kHz besser genutzt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the conductor cross sections are hollow. As a result, weight can be saved and the conductor cross-section at high frequencies - be better used here up to 200 kHz.

Je nach mechanischer und elektrischer Anforderung der Einsatzbedingung, kann eine als Dielektrikum wirkende Isolation zwischen den Leitern aus Kunststoff oder Keramik oder als ein Fluid gewählt werden. Feststoffdielektrika wie die aus Kunststoff oder Keramik haben die Vorteile, dass sie die Leiter gleichzeitig stützen und die Leitung gegen ein Durchströmen von Fluida aus dem Reservoir abdichten, wodurch eine Caprock-Integrity gewährt bleibt. Gase als Dielektrikum haben den Vorteil, dass sie hohen Temperaturen dauerhaft standhalten. Auch einige Silikon- oder Synthetiköle können bei hohen Temperaturen um oder über 300°C als Dielektrikum genutzt werden. Flüssige oder gasförmige Dielektrika haben den Vorteil, dass sie sich der Biegung der Leitung nicht widersetzen und ihre elektrische Spannungsfestigkeit erhalten bleibt. Vorteilhaft gegenüber einer Gasfüllung ist noch, dass beispielsweise ein als Dielektrikum eingesetztes Öl aufgrund seines spezifischen Gewichts einen hydrostatischen Druck aufbauen kann, der etwa dem des umgebenden Erdreichs entspricht. Demnach würde ein Außenleiter durch den Innendruck des Öls gestützt.Depending on the mechanical and electrical requirement of the operating condition, a dielectric acting as insulation between the conductors made of plastic or ceramic or as a fluid can be selected. Solid dielectrics such as those of plastic or ceramic have the advantages of supporting the conductors at the same time and sealing the conduit against passage of fluids from the reservoir, thereby providing Caprock Integrity. Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently. Some silicone or synthetic oils can also be used as a dielectric at high temperatures around or above 300 ° C. Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist the bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained. Another advantage over a gas filling is that, for example, an oil used as a dielectric can build up a hydrostatic pressure due to its specific weight, which corresponds approximately to that of the surrounding soil. Thus, an outer conductor would be supported by the internal pressure of the oil.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind in vorbestimmten Abständen Stützscheiben zur Halterung und oder Führung der Leiter im Schirmrohr vorgesehen. Die Stützscheiben werden benötigt, die im Schirmrohr geführten Leiter in Position zu halten und gleichzeitig die Längsdichtigkeit der Leitung sicherzustellen. Im Falle flüssiger Dielektrika würden jedoch kleine Öffnungen in den Stützscheiben erforderlich, wodurch ein Außenleiter durch den Innendruck des Öls gestützt werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment, supporting disks for holding and / or guiding the conductors in the shielding tube are provided at predetermined intervals. The support disks are required to hold in position in the guide tube guided in the tube while ensuring the longitudinal tightness of the line. In the case of liquid dielectrics, however, small openings would be required in the support disks, whereby an outer conductor can be supported by the internal pressure of the oil.

Bei einer besonders zweckmäßigen Ausführungsform sind die Leiter oder Leiterpaare im Schirmrohr in Form einer Helix angeordnet. Die Führung der Leiterpaare als Helix ist vorteilhaft bei der Verlegung in Bögen, da sie einen Längenausgleich von Innen- bzw. Außenbögen ermöglicht. Des Weiteren kann dadurch zusätzlich eine weitere Reduktion der elektromagnetischen Abstrahlung erreicht werden.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the conductors or pairs of conductors are arranged in the shield tube in the form of a helix. The leadership of the conductor pairs as a helix is advantageous when laying in bows, as it allows a length compensation of inner and outer bows. Furthermore, this can additionally achieve a further reduction of the electromagnetic radiation.

Die Leiter und /oder das Schirmrohr sind vorteilhaft aus einem elektrisch hochleitfähigen und nicht-ferromagnetischen Material (beispielweise Aluminium) herzustellen, um ohmsche Verluste und magnetische Hystereseverluste zu mindern bzw. zu vermeiden.The conductors and / or the shielding tube are advantageously made of an electrically highly conductive and non-ferromagnetic material (for example, aluminum) to reduce ohmic losses and magnetic hysteresis losses or to avoid.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich bei der Erfindung, weil das Schirmrohr konzentrisch mehrschichtig aufgebaut ist. Sofern die innerste Schicht aus einem guten elektrischen Leiter, z.B. Aluminium besteht, können die ohmschen Verluste vermindert werden. Durch Leitermaterial, das nicht ferromagnetisch ist, werden Hystereseverluste vermieden. Bereits eine wenige Millimeter dicke innerste Leiterschicht, z.B. von 3-5 Skin-Eindringtiefen ist ausreichend, um eine hinreichend hohe elektromagnetische Abschirmung zu gewährleisten. Eine weitere Schicht, beispielsweise aus Stahl, kann eine geforderte mechanische Stabilität gewährleisten. Falls erforderlich, können weitere Kunststoffbeschichtungen als Korrosionsschutz aufgetragen werden, die insbesondere bei Offshore-Anwendungen notwendig sein können.Further advantages arise in the invention, because the shield tube is constructed concentrically multilayered. If the innermost layer is made of a good electrical conductor, e.g. Aluminum, the ohmic losses can be reduced. Conductor material that is not ferromagnetic avoids hysteresis losses. Already a few millimeters thick innermost conductor layer, e.g. 3-5 skin penetration depths is sufficient to ensure a sufficiently high electromagnetic shielding. Another layer, for example made of steel, can ensure a required mechanical stability. If necessary, other plastic coatings can be applied as corrosion protection, which may be necessary especially in offshore applications.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung von und den dazugehörigen Ausführungsbeispielen.Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the figures and the associated embodiments.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Schnitts durch die Längsachse eines Leiters in einer schematischen - nicht beanspruchten - Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Erfindung.The sole figure shows a perspective view of a section through the longitudinal axis of a ladder in a schematic - Not claimed - Presentation to illustrate the invention.

In der einzigen Figur werden mehrere Hinleiter 1 sowie Rückleiter 2 einer Anordnung mehrerer elektrischer Leiterpaare 3 zur symmetrischen Speisung eines Verbrauchers - nicht gezeigt - innerhalb eines sie umhüllenden Schirmrohrs 4 dargestellt. Dabei bilden ein Hin- und Rückleiter 1, 2, ein Leiterpaar 3, wobei mehrere Leiterpaare 3 derart in dem umhüllenden Schirmrohr angeordnet sind, dass sich die einzelnen Hin- und Rückleiter 1, 2 jeweils abwechselnd, konzyklisch und gleichmäßig innerhalb des Schirmrohres 4 verteilen. Vorliegend werden drei von insgesamt 6 Leitern 1, 2 gezeigt, die jeweils drei Leiterpaare 3 bilden, die in einem in etwa gleichen Abstand über den Umfang eines Kreises verteilt sind und durch gleiche Abstände voneinander getrennt angeordnet sind. Dadurch werden die negativen elektrischen und magnetischen Feldeinflüsse aufgrund der in den Leitern 1, 2 bzw. Leiterpaaren 3 fließenden Ströme minimiert.In the single figure, several forward conductor 1 and return conductor 2 of an arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs 3 for the symmetrical supply of a consumer - not shown - within an enclosing screen tube 4 is shown. In this case, form a return conductor 1, 2, a pair of conductors 3, wherein a plurality of pairs of conductors 3 are arranged in the enclosing shield tube, that distribute the individual outgoing and return conductors 1, 2 each alternately, in a cyclic and uniform manner within the screen tube 4. In the present case three of a total of 6 conductors 1, 2 are shown, each forming three conductor pairs 3, which are distributed in an approximately equal distance over the circumference of a circle and are separated by equal distances from each other. As a result, the negative electrical and magnetic field influences are minimized due to the currents flowing in the conductors 1, 2 or conductor pairs 3.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Anzahl der Hin- 1 und Rückleiter 2 -Paare 3 bei beschriebener abwechselnder Anordnung erhöht, da sich dadurch die sie umgebenden elektromagnetischen Felder nach außen zum Schirmrohr 4 hin besonders schnell abschwächen. Dadurch nehmen die sich im Schirmrohr 4 bildenden Wirbelströme und die damit einhergehenden Verluste ab.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the number of Hin- 1 and return conductor 2 pairs 3 is increased in the described alternating arrangement, as this attenuate the surrounding electromagnetic fields outwardly to the screen tube 4 back very quickly. As a result, the eddy currents forming in the shielding tube 4 and the associated losses decrease.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist als Isolation bzw. Dielektrikum zwischen den Leitern 1, 2 ein Fluid - beispielsweise ein Gas wie Stickstoff oder SF6 bzw. eine Flüssigkeit wie Trafo- oder Silikonöl vorgesehen. Flüssige oder gasförmige Dielektrika haben den Vorteil, dass sie sich einer Biegung der Leitung nicht widersetzen und ihre elektrische Spannungsfestigkeit erhalten bleibt. Es werden jedoch in bestimmten Abständen, beispielsweise einem bis zwanzig Meter, Stützscheiben 5 benötigt, die die Leiter 1, 2 in Position halten und gleichzeitig die Längsdichtigkeit der Leitung sicherstellen. Gase als Dielektrikum haben den Vorteil, dass sie hohen Temperaturen dauerhaft standhalten. Auch einige Silikon- oder Synthetiköle können bei hohen Temperaturen um oder über 300° C als Dielektrikum genutzt werden.In the present exemplary embodiment, a fluid-for example a gas such as nitrogen or SF 6 or a liquid such as transformer oil or silicone oil-is provided as insulation or dielectric between the conductors 1, 2. Liquid or gaseous dielectrics have the advantage that they do not resist bending of the line and their electric strength is maintained. However, at certain intervals, for example one to twenty meters, support disks 5 are needed, which hold the ladder 1, 2 in position while ensuring the longitudinal tightness of the line. Gases as a dielectric have the advantage that they can withstand high temperatures permanently. Some silicone or synthetic oils can also be used as a dielectric at high temperatures around or above 300 ° C.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird beispielsweise statt einer Gasfüllung Öl verwendet, welches aufgrund seines spezifischen Gewichts einen hydrostatischen Druck aufbauen kann, der etwa dem des umgebenden Erdreichs entspricht. Dadurch kann ein Außenleiter durch einen Innendruck des Öls gestützt werden, wozu jedoch kleine Öffnungen in den Stützscheiben 5 vorzusehen sind.In a further embodiment of the invention, instead of a gas filling oil is used, for example, which can build a hydrostatic pressure due to its specific weight, which corresponds approximately to that of the surrounding soil. As a result, an outer conductor can be supported by an internal pressure of the oil, to which, however, small openings in the support disks 5 are to be provided.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind aufeinander folgende verteilte Stützscheiben 5 kontinuierlich leicht gegeneinander verdreht, wobei die einzelnen Leiter 1, 2 bzw. Leiterpaare 3 eine Helix bilden. Durch eine Führung der Leiterpaare 3 als Helix können diese besonders vorteilhaft in Bögen zum Längenausgleich von Innen- bzw. Außenkurven verlegt werden. Darüber hinaus bietet eine solche "Verdrillung" eine weitere Reduktion insbesondere einer elektromagnetischen Abstrahlung der Leiter 1, 2.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, successive distributed support disks 5 are continuously slightly rotated against each other, wherein the individual conductors 1, 2 or conductor pairs 3 form a helix. By guiding the conductor pairs 3 as a helix, these can be laid particularly advantageously in bends for length compensation of internal or external curves. In addition, such a "twisting" offers a further reduction in particular of an electromagnetic radiation of the conductors 1, 2.

Das die Leiterpaare 3 umhüllende Schirmrohr 4 kann auf Erdpotential gelegt werden, bzw. darf ohne eine elektrische Isolation durch Erdreich bzw. Meerwasser geführt werden. Bei den hier verwendeten, im Vergleich zur Netzfrequenz hohen Betriebsfrequenzen im Bereich von 10-200 kHz ist eine Erdung durch einen kapazitiven Kurzschluss auch dann sichergestellt, wenn eine dünne, z.B. 0.5 mm dicke Kunststoffaußenbeschichtung als Korrosionsschutz aufgebracht ist. Es ergeben sich daraus wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber einer räumlich weiter getrennten und ungeschirmten Führung von Hin- und Rückleitern 1, 2, wie sie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind.The conductor tube 4 enveloping the shield tube 4 can be placed at ground potential, or may be performed without electrical insulation by soil or seawater. At the operating frequencies in the range of 10-200 kHz, which are used here in comparison with the mains frequency, grounding is ensured by a capacitive short circuit even if a thin, e.g. 0.5 mm thick plastic outer coating is applied as corrosion protection. This results in significant advantages over a spatially further separate and unshielded leadership of return conductors 1, 2, as they are known from the prior art.

Die Leiterpaare 3 inkl. des Schirmrohrs 4 können durch einen marktüblichen Bohrlochkopf aus Stahl geführt werden, da keine elektromagnetischen Felder außerhalb des Schirmrohres vorliegen. Andernfalls würden die elektromagnetischen Felder zu einer unerwünschten und nicht zulässigen Erwärmung eines stählernen Bohrlochkopfes führen, oder einen elektrisch nicht leitenden und nicht ferromagnetischen Bohrlochkopf, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff erforderlich machen. Bohrlochköpfe aus Kunststoff werden derzeit jedoch nicht entwickelt.The pairs of conductors 3 including the shielding tube 4 can be passed through a commercially available wellhead made of steel, since there are no electromagnetic fields outside of the shielding tube. Otherwise, the electromagnetic fields would result in undesirable and unacceptable heating of a steel wellhead, or would require a non-conductive and non-ferromagnetic wellhead such as plastic. Plastic wellheads are not currently being developed.

Darüber hinaus kann eine Verlegung der geschirmten Leiterpaare 3 durch ein Bohrloch, zur Verbindung zwischen Oberfläche und Reservoir, in üblicher Weise mit einer Abdichtung aus Beton erfolgen, da keine elektromagnetischen Felder außerhalb der Leitung auftreten. Das äußere Schirmrohr 4 kann gleichermaßen behandelt werden, wie die sonst in der Öl- & Gas-Industrie üblichen Rohrleitungen. Somit kann die geforderte Dichtigkeit sichergestellt werden, was für das Zulassungsverfahren der Methode unabdingbar ist.In addition, a laying of the shielded conductor pairs 3 through a borehole, for connection between the surface and the reservoir, in the usual way with a seal made of concrete, since no electromagnetic fields occur outside the line. The outer shielding tube 4 can be treated equally as the otherwise usual in the oil & gas industry piping. Thus, the required tightness can be ensured, which is indispensable for the approval process of the method.

Ein feldfreier und damit verlustfreie Außenraum ist insbesondere bei der Verwirklichung einer Durchleitung durch Meerwasser von Vorteil, da die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Salzwassers von ca. 5 S/m um eine Vielfaches, ca. 10-1000-faches höher ist als bei einem Deckgebirge bei Onshore-Anwendungen. Die Durchleitung eines ungeschirmten Induktorkabels durch Meerwasser würde zu entsprechend höheren und evtl. nicht mehr akzeptablen elektrischen Verlusten führen, die mit der geschirmten Multipaarleitung 3 vermieden werden können.A field-free and thus loss-free outdoor space is particularly advantageous in the implementation of a passage through seawater, since the electrical conductivity of the salt water of about 5 S / m by a multiple, about 10-1000 times higher than in a cover mountains onshore applications. The passage of an unshielded inductor cable through seawater would lead to correspondingly higher and possibly unacceptable electrical losses, which can be avoided with the shielded multipair cable 3.

Diese mehrpaarige geschirmte Leitung 3 verbindet eine kapazitiv kompensierte Leiterschleife, die im Reservoir verlegt ist, mit einem Leistungsgenerator, z.B. Umrichter -nicht gezeigt - auf der Oberfläche. Dazu werden alle Hinleiter 1 zusammengeschlossen und auf eine Ausgangsklemme des Generators gelegt und ebenso alle Rückleiter 2 zusammengeschlossen und auf die andere Ausgangsklemme des Generators gelegt. In gleicher Weise werden am anderen Ende der Zuleitung im Reservoir alle Hinleiter 1 auf einen Zweig der Leiterschleife gelegt und alle Rückleiter 2 auf den anderen Zweig der Schleife gelegt. Üblicherweise erfolgt eine Auskopplung der Leistung am Umrichter über einen Ausgangstrafo zur elektrische Isolation und Spannungsanpassung an die Last. Vorteilhaft kann ein Aus+gangstrafo mit Mittelabgriff verwendet werden. Der Mittelabgriff kann zur Erdung auf das Schirmrohr 4 gelegt werden, wobei bei der Betriebsfrequenz auch dann eine kapazitive Erdung gegeben ist, wenn das Schirmrohr 4 mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung, beispielsweise Kunststoff, Schutzanstrich, etc umhüllt ist. Eine Wellenimpedanz der Leitungspaare 3 kann durch entsprechende Querschnittsgestaltung, d.h. Rohrdurchmesser und Rohrabstände sowie Abstand zum Schirmrohr 4, und einer Wahl des Dielektrikums in weiten Bereichen, z.B. 1 - 500 Ohm festgelegt werden. Dies erfolgt abgestimmt auf Generator- und Last-Impedanz und elektrischer Länge der Leitungspaare 3. Mit dem geerdeten Mittelabgriff am Ausgangstrafo wird eine symmetrische Ausgangsspannung sichergestellt. Das ist wichtig, um das Schirmrohr 4 und alle damit verbundenen Betriebsmittels, z.B. einen Bohrlochkopf sicher auf Erdpotential zu halten.This multi-pair shielded line 3 connects a capacitively compensated conductor loop, which is laid in the reservoir, to a power generator, eg converter - not shown - on the surface. For this purpose, all Hinleiter 1 are combined and placed on an output terminal of the generator and also connected all the return line 2 and placed on the other output terminal of the generator. In the same way, at the other end of the supply line in the reservoir, all the leads 1 are laid on one branch of the conductor loop and all the return conductors 2 are placed on the other branch of the loop. Usually, a decoupling of the power takes place on Inverter via an output transformer for electrical insulation and voltage adjustment to the load. Advantageously, a Aus + gangstrafo be used with center tap. The center tap can be grounded on the screen tube 4, wherein at the operating frequency, even a capacitive grounding is given when the shield tube 4 with an electrically insulating coating, such as plastic, protective coating, etc is wrapped. A wave impedance of the line pairs 3 can be determined by appropriate cross-sectional configuration, ie pipe diameter and pipe spacing and distance to the shield tube 4, and a choice of the dielectric in wide ranges, eg 1 - 500 ohms. This is matched to generator and load impedance and electrical length of the line pairs 3. With the grounded center tap on the output transformer, a symmetrical output voltage is ensured. This is important to keep the shield tube 4 and all associated resources, such as a wellhead safely at ground potential.

Wird ein kompensiertes Induktorkabel - wie es hier der Fall ist - selbst direkt an den Ausgangstrafo des Umrichters angeschlossen, muss eine Impedanzanpassung alleine durch den Ausgangstrafo sichergestellt werden. Wird jedoch - wie hier beschrieben - zur Verbindung von Generator, Umrichter evtl. inkl. Ausgangstrafo zur Leiterschleife im Reservoir eine Übertragungsleitung eingesetzt, kann diese zusätzlich oder alternativ als Leitungstransformator eingesetzt werden. Dazu ist die Leitungsimpedanz (Z) in geeigneter Weise: Z_Leitung=sqrt(Z_generator*Z_Last) zu wählen. Die Betriebsfrequenz der Leiterschleife ist auf die elektrische Länge der geschirmten Multipaar-Zuleitung 3 derart abzustimmen, dass eine λ/4 bzw. (2*n+1)* λ/4, mit n=0, 1 ,2, ... Transformation erreicht wird. Andere Transformationen, die auch einen Teil Blindleistungskompensation der Leiterschleife einschließen, können ebenfalls erreicht werden.If a compensated inductor cable - as is the case here - itself connected directly to the output transformer of the inverter, an impedance matching must be ensured only by the output transformer. However, if - as described here - a transmission line is used to connect the generator, converter, possibly including the output transformer to the conductor loop in the reservoir, this can additionally or alternatively be used as a line transformer. For this purpose, the line impedance (Z) is suitably selected: Z_line = sqrt (Z_generator * Z_load). The operating frequency of the conductor loop is to be tuned to the electrical length of the shielded multipair supply line 3 such that a λ / 4 or (2 * n + 1) * λ / 4, where n = 0, 1, 2, ... transformation is reached. Other transformations, which also include some reactive-power compensation of the conductor loop, can also be achieved.

Claims (7)

  1. Arrangement of a plurality of electrical conductor pairs (3) for symmetrical supplying of a capacitively compensated conductor loop for induction heating and a shield pipe (4) enclosing them, wherein
    supply (1) and return (2) lines of the conductor pairs (3) are alternatingly, concentrically and uniformly distributed around the circumference of a circle within the shield pipe (4) enclosing the plurality of conductor pairs (3) and the supply (1) and return (2) lines each has a circular sector-shaped cross-section, and wherein the shield pipe (4) is designed concentrically in multiple layers and an innermost layer of the shield pipe (4) is made of a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material.
  2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the conductor is hollow.
  3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that insulation acting as a dielectric between the supply and return lines (1, 2) is plastic or ceramic or a fluid.
  4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that supporting rings (5) can be provided at predetermined intervals for support and or guidance of the conductors (1, 2) or conductor pairs (3) in the shield pipe (4).
  5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the conductors (1, 2) or conductor pairs (3) in the shield pipe (4) are arranged in the form of a helix.
  6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the conductors (1, 2) are made of a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material.
  7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that an external layer of the shield pipe (4) is an insulation layer.
EP13786446.8A 2012-11-07 2013-10-24 Shielded multi-pair arrangement as supply line to an inductive heating loop in heavy oil deposits Not-in-force EP2925956B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012220237.4A DE102012220237A1 (en) 2012-11-07 2012-11-07 Shielded multipair arrangement as a supply line to an inductive heating loop in heavy oil deposit applications
PCT/EP2013/072235 WO2014072180A2 (en) 2012-11-07 2013-10-24 Shielded multi-pair arrangement as supply line to an inductive heating loop in heavy oil deposits

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EP2925956A2 EP2925956A2 (en) 2015-10-07
EP2925956B1 true EP2925956B1 (en) 2016-11-30

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CA2890683C (en) 2017-01-03
RU2015121402A (en) 2016-12-27
WO2014072180A2 (en) 2014-05-15
BR112015010009A2 (en) 2017-07-11
EP2925956A2 (en) 2015-10-07
WO2014072180A3 (en) 2014-11-20
US20150275636A1 (en) 2015-10-01
DE102012220237A1 (en) 2014-05-08
RU2651470C2 (en) 2018-04-20

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