EP2941316A1 - Procede de realisation d'un filtre destine a la filtration de nanoparticules, filtre obtenu et procede de collecte et d'analyse quantitative de nanoparticules associe - Google Patents
Procede de realisation d'un filtre destine a la filtration de nanoparticules, filtre obtenu et procede de collecte et d'analyse quantitative de nanoparticules associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2941316A1 EP2941316A1 EP13826888.3A EP13826888A EP2941316A1 EP 2941316 A1 EP2941316 A1 EP 2941316A1 EP 13826888 A EP13826888 A EP 13826888A EP 2941316 A1 EP2941316 A1 EP 2941316A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- filter according
- nanoparticles
- pore
- complex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
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- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical group C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GRTBAGCGDOYUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3] GRTBAGCGDOYUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/50—Polycarbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/087—Single membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
- B01D69/148—Organic/inorganic mixed matrix membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/48—Polyesters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D2053/221—Devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/15—Use of additives
- B01D2323/18—Pore-control agents or pore formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/219—Specific solvent system
- B01D2323/225—Use of supercritical fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/46—Impregnation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0038—Investigating nanoparticles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/635—Specific applications or type of materials fluids, granulates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the collection and analysis of nanoparticles that may be present in suspension in the air.
- It relates more particularly to the production of a porous filter capable of holding within them nanoparticles likely to be present in an air flow intended to pass through the filter, in order to allow its reliable surface analysis, subsequently by X-ray fluorescence, for the quantitative analysis of the nanoparticles retained in the filter.
- the invention finally relates to a method for collecting and analyzing associated nanoparticles.
- nanoparticles that is to say particles of nanometric dimensions have been the subject of intense research and their use has begun to spread in various fields such as health, microelectronics, energy or consumer products such as paints and cosmetics. It is therefore necessary to develop methods for assessing exposure to nanoparticles of workers, consumers and the environment.
- the measurements of exposures to particles suspended in the air are carried out by weighing the filters before and after the sampling.
- these gravimetric measurements are reliable only for very high quantities of particles (more than ten or even hundreds of micrograms).
- the elemental analyzes are generally carried out by filter sampling followed by a microscopy or chemical analysis by (multi) elementary techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP- AES or preferably ICP-MS type.
- this type of analysis requires a cumbersome and tedious preparation of the samples (digestion of the filter which takes several hours ).
- this X-ray fluorescence analysis technique also requires the use of an internal standard constituted by a reference chemical element. More specifically, the use of internal standard for X-ray fluorescence analysis makes it possible to correct the non-linearity of the measured response signal. For obvious reasons of non-pollution of the filtered samples, when the analysis is made for particles initially present in an aerosol, this internal standard can not be added a posteriori of the removal of the particles.
- a solution then consists in introducing this internal standard into the filter, before its actual use, that is to say before passing a stream of air containing the particles to be analyzed on the filter.
- Publication [1] is a review describing the incorporation of metal particles into or onto substrates using a process using supercritical CO 2 .
- the process described involves dissolving a metal precursor in the supercritical CO 2 and then exposing a substrate to this solution. After incorporation of the precursor into the substrate, it is reduced in its metallic form by different methods leading to films or particle deposition.
- the dissolution step is carried out at different temperatures, in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, and under different pressures, in the range of 155 to 345 bar.
- the metal precursors are metal salts complexed with a ligand giving them a certain solubility in supercritical CO 2 , the metal of the salts being chosen solely from Pt, Pd, Ag, Ru.
- the substrates are of various structures and have different constituent materials, such as polymers selected from NAFION®, PMP: poly (4-methylpent-1-ene); PSDB: poly (styrene-divinylbenzene); PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Publication [2] describes a method for supercritical CO 2 impregnation of NAFION® membranes with palladium salts for application as separating membranes in DMFC fuel cells (acronym for "Direct Methanol Fuel”). Cell ").
- the process described in this document uses Pd (II) (acetylacetonate) 2 which is impregnated and then reduced in its Pd (0) metal form in a Nafion® 117 membrane, in the form of a 5 * 5 strip. cm.
- the publication describes the presence and distribution of Pd in the membrane as well as the performance of this membrane in a fuel cell.
- the impregnation step is carried out for a period of 4 hours at 80 ° C. and at a pressure of 200 bars of CO 2 . All the processes using supercritical CO 2 mentioned in the two publications above have the disadvantage of requiring a reduction step of the metal salts because of the intended application and relatively large salt charges.
- none of the known techniques or processes, as described above, constitutes a rapid process, easy to implement on an industrial scale, usable for impregnating a pore filter for a quantitative analysis of the nanoparticles. retained in the filter later by X-ray fluorescence.
- the subject of the invention is a process for impregnating a pore filter capable of retaining within them particles capable of being present in an air flow intended to pass through the filter.
- impregnation of the filter made of a polymer membrane with one or more organometallic salts is carried out by applying a supercritical CO 2 treatment, the metal M of each salt being chosen from the group of rare earths, yttrium, scandium, chromium, or a combination of these.
- the invention consists in doping a filter with the aid of an organometallic salt by using supercritical CO 2 and this, with little amount of salt, without additional solvent or step of reducing the salt (s).
- organometallic (s) which (s) last (s) constituting an internal standard for reliable quantitative analysis by X-ray fluorescence, including low incidences of particles collected on the filter.
- an organometallic salt as an internal standard makes it possible to correct the response measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) on the "raw" spectra of the signals in order to reach a quantitative measurement of the chemical elements collected during the particulate sampling. Without recourse to an internal calibration of the filter, it is not possible to correct the non-linearity of the XRF response signal according to the amount of particles deposited on the filter.
- XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
- the impregnation method of the filter according to the invention has the essential advantage of being able to be implemented on an industrial scale because it is clean, fast and easily controllable and uses very few raw materials (low volume of C0 2 and quantity of organometallic salts required) in contrast to conventional known filter impregnation (marking) processes, such as soaking in a liquid solution (organic solvent, water, etc.) or by sublimation deposition.
- the CO2 used can be recycled.
- the process is reliable because it makes it possible to introduce the organometallic salt into the mass of the filter while maintaining the properties (porosity, flatness ).
- the metal salt is actually trapped in some way between the fibers of the constituent polymer of the filter and therefore can not be easily removed from the filter: only a new supercritical CO 2 treatment at a later time makes it possible to actually extract the organometallic salt from the filter.
- the supercritical CO 2 treatment is carried out in an autoclave, the organometallic salt (s) being placed inside the autoclave at a distance from the filter. pore. It is thus possible to implement the method according to the invention with a conventional autoclave and without using any solvent in addition to CO 2 .
- an additional solvent such as methanol
- an additional solvent may make it possible to increase the polarity of the CO 2 while retaining the supercritical phase of the mixture. It is thus possible to obtain higher molecular diffusion coefficients.
- the CO2 preferably used in the context of the invention has a purity greater than 99.5%.
- the CO 2 used according to the invention may be in the form of a liquefied gas packaged in a steel bottle provided with a dip tube for taking directly the liquid phase of the gas.
- the supercritical CO 2 treatment consists of the following steps:
- a proportion by weight of the organometallic salt (s) with respect to the weight of the filter less than or equal to 1% is selected.
- the relative proportion of organometallic salt (s) necessary for the process is very low, which is advantageous from a point of view of raw material cost.
- the invention relates, in another of its aspects, to a pore filter capable of holding within them nanoparticles capable of being present in an air flow intended to pass through the filter, the filter being constituted by a polymer membrane, impregnated with one or more organometallic salts, the metal M of each salt being selected from the group of rare earths, Tyrtrium, scandium, chromium, or a combination thereof.
- the metal M of an organometallic salt can thus be a combination of two or more rare earths with one another or a combination of several rare earths with yttrium, scandium or chromium.
- the constituent polymer of the filter membrane may advantageously be a polymer chosen from saturated polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, in particular those made from bisphenol A, aromatic polyethers, polysulfones, polyolefins and polyacrylates. polyamides, polyimides, acetates and cellulose nitrates.
- the filter is made of polycarbonate.
- Such microporous materials make it possible to achieve retention efficiencies greater than 99.5% of nanoparticles with a diameter of between 10 and 300 nm, when these are suspended in the air and the collection flow rate is between 0.degree. , 1 and 10 L.min "1.
- the filter has a thickness of between 10 and 50 ⁇ .
- the pores of the filter are holes of calibrated diameter between 0.05 and 2 ⁇ , with, more preferably, a hole density of between 10 5 and 5 * 10 8 holes per cm 2.
- be carried out according to various known treatments such as ion bombardment, UV treatments, chemical attacks or a combination of these different treatments.
- organometallic salt (s) is made taking into account the chemical elements likely to be present in the nanoparticles to be taken by the filter so that there is no redundancy between them. Indeed, choosing an organometallic impregnation salt whose metal M is also likely to be present in the particles to be removed would prevent XRF analysis thereafter without the ability to discriminate the origin of the metal.
- the tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) yttrium (III) and tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5- heptanedionate) of chromium can be used as organometallic salts according to the invention.
- the ligands of the organometallic salt complexes according to the invention which can be used are numerous. Preferably, they confer a hydrophobic character to the salt complex.
- the (s) organometallic salt (s) can be:
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and Cp is a cyclopentadiene group;
- heteroelements chosen from amines and phosphines.
- the heteroelements are advantageously substituted with alkyl chains with at least four carbons, preferably at least partially fluorinated;
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is a branched or fluorinated alkyl or aryl group;
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is a silyl-aliphatic or aromatic group;
- M (Phen) n where n is an integer from 1 to 4 and Phen is phenanthroline; a carboxylate complex of formula M (OOCR) n where n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is an alkyl chain with at least four carbons, the alkyl group preferably being branched, such as -CH 3, CH ( CH3) 2, isobutyl, .. ;
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is an alkyl chain with at least four carbons, the alkyl group preferably being branched, such that - CH3, CH (CH3) 2, isobutyl,. ..;
- R is an alkyl chain with at least four carbons, the alkyl group preferably being branched, such as - CH 3, CH (CH 3) 2, isobutyl, ..;
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is an alkyl chain with at least four carbons, the alkyl group being preferably branched, such that - CH3, CH (CH3) 2, isobutyl, .. ;
- n is an integer between 1 and 4 and R is an alkyl chain with at least four carbons, the alkyl group preferably being branched, such as -CH 3 , CH (CH3) 2, isobutyl,. .
- the alkyl chain can be advantageously fluorinated, which promotes the solubilization of the salt in the supercritical CO 2 .
- the invention finally relates, in a last aspect, to a process for collecting and analyzing nanoparticles, according to which the following steps are carried out:
- the suction flow rate of the air flow through the filter is between 0.1 and 10 L.min -1 .
- a filter according to the invention is mounted in a support constituting a filter assembly as described and claimed in the patent application FR 12 55785. Detailed description
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation for implementing a method for impregnating a filter according to the invention
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are photographic reproductions of the interior of an autoclave used in an installation according to FIG. 1, these reproductions showing positioning devices for filters and organometallic salts in accordance with the invention, in the autoclave;
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show an X-ray fluorescence spectrum of a polycarbonate filter, respectively before and after impregnation according to the invention of a chromium salt;
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show a measurement signal by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of a polycarbonate filter according to the invention as a function of the quantities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) previously loaded into the filter, according to a measurement respectively without correction and with correction by the signal of the chromium salt impregnated in the filter;
- ZnO zinc oxide nanoparticles
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are images by scanning microscopy on the surface of a polycarbonate filter, respectively before and after impregnation according to the invention of a chromium salt.
- An example of a filter used to collect the nanoparticles according to the invention is a microporous membrane made of polycarbonate, a few tens of microns thick and pierced with a multitude of holes of controlled diameter.
- the holes of controlled diameter have a diameter of 0.4 ⁇ , have a hole density of 10 5 perforations per cm 2 .
- Such a microporous filter makes it possible to achieve retention efficiencies greater than 99.5% of the nanoparticles suspended in the air, with a diameter of between 10 and 300 nm, with a collection rate of between 0.1 and 10 L. min "1 .
- To make it possible to tension and maintain under flat mechanical tension such a filter it is possible advantageously to realize a filtration assembly with a filter support in accordance with the patent application FR 12 55785.
- such a filter assembly is intended to be mounted in a sampling cassette adapted to let the air flow sucked through the filter to achieve the actual collection of the nanoparticles.
- the filter is impregnated with one or more organometallic salts by applying a supercritical CO 2 treatment, the metal M of each salt being chosen from the group of rare earths, yttrium, scandium and chromium. , or a combination of these
- the installation 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 comprises an autoclave 2 whose inlet is connected to a CO 2 feed line and the outlet to a CO 2 extraction line. To open / close the inlet and outlet of the autoclave 2 are provided valves 3. Finally, a pressure gauge 4 to control the pressure inside the autoclave 2.
- the autoclave has a reactor portion in the form of a cylinder of internal diameter 50 mm and height 100 mm, made of 316 stainless steel: it is able to withstand temperatures up to 150 ° C. and at pressures up to about 210 bar.
- the valves 3 may be needle type valves.
- organometallic salts according to the invention which have been weighed beforehand are placed in a porcelain crucible inserted at the bottom of the autoclave as shown in FIG. 2A.
- the weight of Cr salts placed in the crucible can be between 5 and 10 mg.
- PC commercial filters blank of any other material, are stacked with their packaging interlocks, in order to avoid any direct contact between them.
- commercial PC filters may be those marketed under the Isopore commercial reference of Millipore.
- each filter is placed at a distance from another and also at a distance from the organometallic salts.
- the organometallic salts are weighed and introduced into the crucible 5 itself at the bottom of the autoclave 2.
- the support basket 6 containing the PC filters separated from each other by intermediate packing membranes is placed on top, without direct contact with salts.
- the PC filters according to the invention are then impregnated in their mass by the organometallic salts.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the X-ray fluorescence spectra obtained before and after Cr chromium doping of a polycarbonate PC filter, virgin of any other material. A peak corresponding to the re-emission line Ka of the chromium at 5.4 keV after doping can be observed.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show a measurement signal by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, under grazing incidence, of a polycarbonate (PC) filter in accordance with the invention as a function of the quantities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) that have been loaded beforehand. on the filter by aerosol sample, according to a measurement respectively without correction and with correction by the signal of the chromium salt impregnated in the filter.
- PC polycarbonate
- the raw measurement signal of the chemical element retained in the filter, zinc Zn (FIG. 4 A) is divided by that of the chromium salt impregnated in the PC filter.
- the corrected signal is thus linearized as a function of the zinc concentration (FIG. 4B).
- this calibration line it is thus possible to know the precise amount of a sample of unknown concentration in Zn from the measured signal. For example, if we measure a corrected signal of 12 strokes per second; it is possible to quantify the prior loading density of the ZnO nanoparticle filter equal to approximately 4.3 ⁇ / ⁇ 2 .
- the supercritical CO2 filter impregnation process according to the invention makes it possible to incorporate organometallic salts into the mass of the filter in order to use their XRF fluorescence response to calibrate the raw spectra of the chemical elements present in the particles to collect by the filter and thereby be able to quantify them.
- This verification is intended to ensure that the supercritical CO 2 treatment according to the invention does not modify the mechanical properties of a PC filter, and in particular that the pore size is well preserved.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B respectively show the images of a new PC filter and the same filter after supercritical CO2 treatment according to the invention.
- the pore size does not seem to be affected by the treatment.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1350033A FR3000408B1 (fr) | 2013-01-03 | 2013-01-03 | Procede de realisation d'un filtre destine a la filtration de nanoparticules, filtre obtenu et procede de collecte et d'analyse quantitative de nanoparticules associe. |
| PCT/IB2013/061315 WO2014106797A1 (fr) | 2013-01-03 | 2013-12-24 | Procede de realisation d'un filtre destine a la filtration de nanoparticules, filtre obtenu et procede de collecte et d'analyse quantitative de nanoparticules associe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2941316A1 true EP2941316A1 (fr) | 2015-11-11 |
Family
ID=48170656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13826888.3A Withdrawn EP2941316A1 (fr) | 2013-01-03 | 2013-12-24 | Procede de realisation d'un filtre destine a la filtration de nanoparticules, filtre obtenu et procede de collecte et d'analyse quantitative de nanoparticules associe |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9833750B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2941316A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6239649B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3000408B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014106797A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110465189A (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种丝素基空气过滤膜的制备方法 |
| LT7009B (lt) | 2021-12-10 | 2023-07-25 | Kauno technologijos universitetas | Polimerinių pluoštinių matricų formavimo būdas ir tokiu būdu gauta pluošto matrica |
| JP7522793B2 (ja) | 2022-06-17 | 2024-07-25 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | フェロセン化合物の定量方法 |
| CN116036732A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-02 | 深圳市英唐智慧健康科技有限公司 | 一种过滤器片材的制备方法、过滤器片材及过滤器 |
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| FR1255785A (fr) | 1960-04-29 | 1961-03-10 | Miehle Goss Dexter Inc | Dispositif de réglage de vitesse |
| ES2088781T3 (es) * | 1990-01-19 | 1996-09-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Composicion termoendurecible. |
| US5338334A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1994-08-16 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Process for preparing submicron/nanosize ceramic powders from precursors incorporated within a polymeric foam |
| US5599383A (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1997-02-04 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Tubular solid-state membrane module |
| DE69614605T2 (de) * | 1995-05-22 | 2002-07-04 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Toner für die Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder |
| US7217754B2 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2007-05-15 | Integument Technologies, Inc. | Polymer composites and methods for making and using same |
| DE19741498B4 (de) * | 1997-09-20 | 2008-07-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung eines Keramik-Edelstahlgewebe-Verbundes |
| US6703112B1 (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2004-03-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Organometallic salts for inkjet receptor media |
| AU2001266332A1 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-08 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Porous, fine inorganic particles |
| US7175892B2 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2007-02-13 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Emulsion and coating liquid and recording medium using the same |
| FR2826956B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-04 | 2004-05-28 | Air Liquide | Procede de preparation d'une composition ceramique de faible epaisseur a deux materiaux, composition obtenue, cellule electrochimique et membrane la comprenant |
| US20050014901A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Ips Corporation | Adhesive compositions for bonding and filling large assemblies |
| US20100210745A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2010-08-19 | Reactive Surfaces, Ltd. | Molecular Healing of Polymeric Materials, Coatings, Plastics, Elastomers, Composites, Laminates, Adhesives, and Sealants by Active Enzymes |
| US6800373B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-10-05 | General Electric Company | Epoxy resin compositions, solid state devices encapsulated therewith and method |
| WO2004065949A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-05 | X-Ray Flux Pty Ltd | Composition de fondant pour analyse par fluorescence x |
| JP4904481B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-19 | 2012-03-28 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 気体分離膜およびその製造方法 |
| US7683140B2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2010-03-23 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for determining temperature value indicative of resin stickiness from data generated by polymerization reaction monitoring |
| US7666494B2 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2010-02-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microporous article having metallic nanoparticle coating |
| JP2007054693A (ja) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-08 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 微粒子分散チューブ状膜およびその製造方法 |
| FR2900351B1 (fr) * | 2006-04-26 | 2008-06-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'une couche nanoporeuse de nanoparticules et couche ainsi obtenue |
| JP2008261712A (ja) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-30 | Kimoto Denshi Kogyo Kk | 浮遊粒子状物質の測定装置 |
| FR2915753B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-02 | 2009-09-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de preparation d'un revetement multicouche sur un substrat |
| CN102105841B (zh) * | 2008-08-04 | 2013-06-05 | 佳能株式会社 | 磁性载体和双组分显影剂 |
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| WO2015053821A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Procédés utilisant un tamis moléculaire ssz-96 |
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- 2013-01-03 FR FR1350033A patent/FR3000408B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-24 EP EP13826888.3A patent/EP2941316A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-24 JP JP2015551236A patent/JP6239649B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-24 WO PCT/IB2013/061315 patent/WO2014106797A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-24 US US14/759,339 patent/US9833750B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3000408A1 (fr) | 2014-07-04 |
| US20150336059A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
| JP2016504967A (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
| US9833750B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
| JP6239649B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
| FR3000408B1 (fr) | 2015-02-27 |
| WO2014106797A1 (fr) | 2014-07-10 |
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