EP2940845A1 - Wandler für elektrische energie - Google Patents

Wandler für elektrische energie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2940845A1
EP2940845A1 EP13869049.0A EP13869049A EP2940845A1 EP 2940845 A1 EP2940845 A1 EP 2940845A1 EP 13869049 A EP13869049 A EP 13869049A EP 2940845 A1 EP2940845 A1 EP 2940845A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch element
sub
power semiconductor
switch
electric power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13869049.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2940845A4 (de
Inventor
June Sung Kim
Tae Gyun Kim
Hang Jun Yang
Jong Yun Choi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyosung Corp
Original Assignee
Hyosung Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyosung Corp filed Critical Hyosung Corp
Publication of EP2940845A1 publication Critical patent/EP2940845A1/de
Publication of EP2940845A4 publication Critical patent/EP2940845A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a converter for electric power. More particularly, the present invention relates to an electric power converter in which multiple sub-modules, including an energy storage unit and multiple power semiconductor circuits connected to the energy storage unit, are connected in series. The electric power converter causes current to bypass a sub-module when the sub-module fails.
  • a converter for high voltage uses a power semiconductor, which is turn-on/turn-off controlled for mutual conversion between AC voltage and DC voltage. Because the withstand voltage of the power semiconductor is limited, multiple semiconductor modules having a power semiconductor circuit should be connected in series to process the high voltage. Various semiconductor modules may be connected with each other for a power semiconductor circuit configuration.
  • the power semiconductor circuit includes multiple sub-modules that form two output terminals, and the multiple sub-modules are connected to each other in series.
  • Such sub-modules may be configured to include, for example, an energy storage unit and a power semiconductor circuit, which is connected to the energy storage unit in parallel and comprises multiple power semiconductor switches and free-wheel diodes.
  • the failing sub-module When a certain sub-module fails among these multiple sub-modules, the failing sub-module is shorted to stably operate a system. For a short circuit, a phase current bypasses the failing sub-module by a bypass switch, and the system continuously performs normal operations by other normal sub-modules.
  • a technique for quickly bypassing a failing sub-module is very important in terms of a system as well as the corresponding sub-module. If the switching time of the bypass switch is slow, overvoltage and overcurrent are generated in the failing module. Accordingly, the internal components (for example, capacitors, power semiconductors, etc.) of the corresponding sub-module may explode and may lead to a fire. Also, as overvoltage and overcurrent are generated in the whole system, and overvoltage and overcurrent respectively exceeding a rated voltage and a rated current are applied to each sub-module, the reliability of the system is adversely affected. Therefore, the bypass switch must quickly operate and must be stable, but the conventional art may not maintain desired performance due to technological limitations.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electric power converter that causes a current to bypass a sub-module when the corresponding sub-module fails.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric power converter capable of reducing the overall bypass operation time required for shorting a failing sub-module even though the bypass switch of which the operation time is slow is used in the electric power converter in which multiple sub-modules are connected in series.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an electric power converter designed to reduce the cost by using a bypass switch of which the operating time is slow but the cost is low.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an electric power converter enabling the effective bypass of a current because of a bidirectional bypass switch.
  • the present invention provides an electric power converter in which multiple sub-modules (10), including an energy storage unit (110) and one or more power semiconductor circuits (120) connected to the energy storage unit (110) in parallel, are connected with each other in series, the power semiconductor circuit including multiple power semiconductor switches (121, 123) and free-wheel diodes (122, 124).
  • Each of the sub-modules (10) includes a bypass switch unit (130) that is connected to a power semiconductor circuit connected between two output terminals (X1, X2), among the power semiconductor circuits (120), and the electric power converter bypasses a current through the bypass switch unit (130).
  • the bypass switch unit (130) includes a first switch element (131) connected to one among the power semiconductor circuits (120), a diode (132) connected to the first switch element (131) in anti-parallel, and a second switch element (133) connected to the diode (132) in parallel; a cathode side of the first switch element (131) is connected to an emitter side of the power semiconductor switch (123) of the power semiconductor circuit (120); and the current flows through the diode (132) and the first switch element (131) when the sub-module (10) fails, and the current is bypassed through the second switch element (133) after a switching operation of the second switch element (133).
  • the first switch element (131) includes a semiconductor switch or a power semiconductor switch
  • the second switch element (133) includes a mechanical switch
  • the first switch element (131) includes an SCR.
  • the bypass switch unit (130) includes a first switch element (131) connected in parallel to a power semiconductor circuit connected between two output terminals, among the power semiconductor circuits (120), a third switch element (132') connected to the first switch element (131) in anti-parallel, and a second switch element (133) connected to the third switch element (132') in parallel; a cathode side of the first switch element (131) is connected to an emitter side of the power semiconductor switch (123) of the power semiconductor circuit (120); and the current flows through the third switch element (132') and the first switch element (131) when the sub-module (10) fails, and the current is bypassed through the second switch element (133) after a switch operation of the second switch element (133).
  • the first switch element (131) and the third switch element (132') include an SCR element.
  • an anode side of the third switch element (132') is connected to a cathode side of the first switch element (131).
  • a switching operation time of the second switch element (133) is 6 to 10 milliseconds.
  • the electric power converter has the following effects.
  • an electric power converter in which multiple sub-modules are connected in series does not reduce an operating time of the bypass switch for quickly shorting a failing sub-module
  • the overall bypass operation time may be reduced by preferentially operating a fast semiconductor element for electric power.
  • the cost may be reduced.
  • bypass switch is a bidirectional switch, effective bypass is possible when a sub-module fails, and thus a system may operate stably.
  • the present invention provides an electric power converter.
  • the electric power converter according to the present invention multiple sub-modules are connected in series. Especially, when a certain sub-module fails, the electric power converter is operated by other normal sub-modules by making a phase current bypass the failing sub-module to prevent stopping of the operation of the converter, an explosion, a fire, the generation of overvoltage and overcurrent in the system, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an electric power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an electric power converter includes one or more phase modules 1, and in each of the phase modules 1, multiple sub-modules 10 are connected in series. Also, each of the phase modules 1 connects the DC voltage sides to positive and negative DC voltage bus-bars P0 and N0. DC voltage, though not illustrated in FIG. 1 , is present between the DC voltage bus-bars P0 and N0.
  • Each of the phase modules 1 has an intermediate AC voltage terminal and two outer DC voltage terminals as a load connection terminal.
  • One phase module arm (z) is formed between the intermediate AC voltage terminal and each of the outer DC voltage terminals, and the phase module arm (z) becomes the series circuit of a sub-module 10.
  • Each of the sub-modules 10, connected in series in each of the phase module 1, forms two connection terminals, that is, a first connection terminal X1 and a second connection terminal X2.
  • the electric power converter configured as the above-description may be formed as a part of equipment for transmitting high-voltage current, and serves to connect AC voltage power systems with each other to transmit high power between the systems. Also, the electric power converter may be a part of FACTS equipment that stabilizes the system or guarantees desired voltage quality. Furthermore, the converter illustrated in FIG. 1 may be used in the power driving technology.
  • the present invention when a sub-module 10 fails, the failing sub-module 10 is shorted to prevent an open circuit of the phase module 1.
  • the phase current bypasses the failing sub-module 10 by the short circuit, and the phase module 1 is normally operated by a phase current that flows through other normal sub-modules 10.
  • the present invention includes a bypass switch unit (reference numeral 130 in FIG. 2 ) in the sub-module 10, which serves as a short-circuiting device to short the sub-module 10.
  • the bypass switch unit 130 is controlled by the control signal of a control unit to short the sub-module within a few milliseconds after the fail.
  • a normal phase current flows through multiple sub-modules 10 during the normal operation, but when a certain sub-module 10 fails, the failing sub-module is shorted by the operation of the bypass switch unit 200 and the phase current is bypassed through the bypass switch unit 130. Accordingly, the phase module 1 is protected.
  • FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sub-module in an electric power converter according to the present invention.
  • each of the sub-modules 10 comprises an energy storage unit 110 and one or more power semiconductor circuits 120 connected to the energy storage unit 110 in parallel.
  • the power semiconductor circuits 120 are connected with each other in series.
  • Each of the power semiconductor circuits 120 includes power semiconductor switches 121 and 123 that are turn-on/turn-off controlled, and free-wheel diodes 122 and 124 respectively connected to the power semiconductor switches 121 and 123 in anti-parallel.
  • each of the sub-modules 10 may be variously implemented by arranging the energy storage unit 110 and the one or more power semiconductor circuits 120, differently from FIG. 2 .
  • the bypass switch unit 130 is connected in parallel to any one among the power semiconductor circuits 120.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the bypass switch unit is connected to the power semiconductor circuit in the lower side in parallel among the two power semiconductor circuits 120, but it may be connected to the power semiconductor circuit in the upper side.
  • the bypass switch unit is connected in parallel to the power semiconductor circuit that is connected between the two output terminals X1 and X2 of the sub-module 10. For example, when the two output terminals X1 and X2 are linked to the both ends of the upper power semiconductor circuit, the bypass switch unit may be connected to the upper power semiconductor in parallel.
  • the bypass switch unit 130 causes the phase current to bypass a sub-module when the corresponding sub-module 10 fails.
  • the bypass operation of the bypass switch unit 130 should be performed within a short duration. Otherwise, overvoltage and overcurrent are generated in the failing sub-module 10, and the internal components (capacitors and power semiconductors) of the corresponding sub-module 10 may explode and a fire may be caused. Also, as overvoltage and overcurrent are generated in the whole system, and overvoltage and overcurrent respectively exceeding a rated voltage and a rated current are applied to each of the sub-modules 10, the reliability of a system may be adversely affected. Therefore, it is desirable that the bypass operation is performed within a few milliseconds after the fail.
  • the bypass switch unit 130 of the sub-module 10 comprises a first switch element 131 connected to any one of power semiconductor circuits 120 in parallel, a diode 132 connected to the first switch element in anti-parallel, and a second switch element 133 connected to the diode 132 in parallel.
  • the bypass switch unit 130 is connected in parallel to the power semiconductor circuit 120 that is connected between the two output terminals X1 and X2.
  • the first switch element 131 includes, for example, a silicon controller rectifier (SCR) element.
  • SCR silicon controller rectifier
  • the first switch element 131 which is connected to a certain power semiconductor circuit 120 in parallel, is turned on when a signal is input from the control unit 140, and sends the current.
  • the cathode side of the first switch unit 131 is connected to the emitter side of the power semiconductor switch 123 of the power semiconductor circuit 120.
  • the diode 132 is connected to the first switch element 131 in anti-parallel.
  • the second switch element 133 is implemented as a well-known mechanical configuration of switch.
  • a bypass operation in the bypass switch unit 130 configured as the above-description is described.
  • the second switch element 133 is switched and the current is bypassed through the second switch element 133.
  • high instantaneous current may be provided to the sub-module 10.
  • the present invention uses the second switch element 133 of which the switching operation time is relatively long, but additionally includes the first switch element 131 and the diode 132 to reduce the overall bypass operation time. Therefore, when a sub-module 10 fails, the fault current preferentially flows through the diode 132 and the first switch element 131. Then, the second switch element 133 is switched and the current is bypassed.
  • the bypass operation may be quickly performed in the bypass switch unit 130.
  • the current flow through the second switch element 133 is substituted with the current flow through the combination of the diode 132 and the first switch element 131, and then the current is bypassed by sending the current through the second switch element 133 depending on the switching operation of the second switch element 133.
  • the second switch element 133 of which the switching operation time is 6 to 10 milliseconds is used
  • the quicker bypass operation time which is 1 to 2 milliseconds
  • the second switch element 133 is generally formed by a mechanical configuration
  • the combination of the first switch element 131 and the diode 133 is formed by an electrical configuration. Therefore, the limitations in the bypass operation time, caused by the mechanical operation, may be reduced.
  • the switching operation time of the second switch element 133 is very important because it determines the spread of the fail of the sub-module 10 and the magnitude of the current flowing after a certain operation time. In other words, as the switching operation time of the switch 133 is longer, the possibility of a fire increases in the failing sub-module 10, and the fire leads to a secondary accident in the surrounding sub-modules.
  • the magnitude of the dark current flowing after the completion of the switching operation of the second switch unit 133 increases. Because the magnitude of the current may exceed the rated current of the power semiconductor element of the sub-module 10, all the sub-modules 10 may be damaged by a fire. Consequently, it is important to reduce the switching operation time of the second switch element 133.
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sub-module 10 has a bypass switch unit 130, which is differently configured in some parts compared to the sub-module 10 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the bypass switch unit 130 comprises a first switch unit 131, a third switch unit 132', and a second switch unit 133.
  • the first and the third switch elements 131 and 132' have the same configuration, and may be implemented as a SCR element.
  • the third switch element 132' is also turned on by the signal from the control unit 140.
  • the anode side of the third switch element 132 is connected to the cathode side of the first switch element 131.
  • the bypass switch unit 130 is connected to any one among the power semiconductor circuits 120. Desirably, the bypass switch unit 130 is connected to the power semiconductor circuit that is connected between two output terminals X1 and X2 of the sub-module 10.
  • FIGS 4 to 8 are graphs showing the pattern of a dark current depending on the operation time of a bypass switch unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 , 6, 7 , and 8 illustrate a dark current pattern when the operating time of the bypass switch unit is 10 ms, 8 ms, 6 ms, 4 ms, and 2ms, respectively.
  • the dark current comes near to a sine wave. This means that the voltage accumulated in the energy storage unit in the phase module comes close to a sine wave as the bypass operation time is shorter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
EP13869049.0A 2012-12-28 2013-12-27 Wandler für elektrische energie Withdrawn EP2940845A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020120157392A KR101389579B1 (ko) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 전력용 컨버터
PCT/KR2013/012355 WO2014104848A1 (ko) 2012-12-28 2013-12-27 전력용 컨버터

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2940845A1 true EP2940845A1 (de) 2015-11-04
EP2940845A4 EP2940845A4 (de) 2016-11-02

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EP13869049.0A Withdrawn EP2940845A4 (de) 2012-12-28 2013-12-27 Wandler für elektrische energie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9438136B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2940845A4 (de)
KR (1) KR101389579B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014104848A1 (de)

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DE102017219499A1 (de) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Anordnung mit Teilmodulen sowie Teilmodule als solche
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KR102171603B1 (ko) * 2019-08-21 2020-10-29 효성중공업 주식회사 바이패스 스위치를 구비한 전력용 컨버터의 서브모듈
KR102177141B1 (ko) 2019-08-21 2020-11-10 효성중공업 주식회사 바이패스 스위치를 구비한 전력용 컨버터의 서브모듈
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WO2019029796A1 (de) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsmodul für einen stromrichter und multilevel-stromrichter
CN110999054A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2020-04-10 西门子股份公司 用于变流器的功率模块和多电平变流器
US10903757B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2021-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power module for a converter and multi-level converter
CN110999054B (zh) * 2017-08-09 2023-03-31 西门子能源全球有限公司 用于变流器的功率模块和多电平变流器
WO2019105550A1 (de) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Teilmodule sowie anordnungen mit teilmodulen
CN108233689A (zh) * 2018-01-12 2018-06-29 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 一种功率变换装置及控制方法
CN108900078A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-27 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种飞跨电容型三电平变换器及其控制方法
EP3796540A1 (de) 2019-09-17 2021-03-24 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Zelle zur verwendung in einem konverter
WO2021052731A1 (en) 2019-09-17 2021-03-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Cell for use in a converter

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US20150333660A1 (en) 2015-11-19
EP2940845A4 (de) 2016-11-02
US9438136B2 (en) 2016-09-06
KR101389579B1 (ko) 2014-04-29
WO2014104848A1 (ko) 2014-07-03

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