EP2936010B1 - Method for preconditioning of latent heat store elements - Google Patents
Method for preconditioning of latent heat store elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2936010B1 EP2936010B1 EP13831853.0A EP13831853A EP2936010B1 EP 2936010 B1 EP2936010 B1 EP 2936010B1 EP 13831853 A EP13831853 A EP 13831853A EP 2936010 B1 EP2936010 B1 EP 2936010B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- latent heat
- heat storage
- storage element
- receiving space
- container
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
- F25D3/06—Movable containers
- F25D3/08—Movable containers portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
- F25D3/06—Movable containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
- F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2303/00—Details of devices using other cold materials; Details of devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D2303/08—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2303/00—Details of devices using other cold materials; Details of devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D2303/08—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid
- F25D2303/082—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid disposed in a cold storage element not forming part of a container for products to be cooled, e.g. ice pack or gel accumulator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
- F25D2400/02—Refrigerators including a heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25D2500/04—Calculation of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2600/00—Control issues
- F25D2600/04—Controlling heat transfer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element.
- a phase transition occurs on a suitable material, e.g. the transition from the solid phase to the liquid phase (or vice versa)
- the relationship between the temperature of the storage material and the heat absorbed (or released) by the storage material is no longer linear.
- the heat storage material begins to melt on reaching the temperature of the phase transition. This temperature keeps the storage material with the supply of heat until the storage material is completely melted. Only then does an increase of the temperature occur with further absorption of heat.
- the latent heat is equal to the heat of fusion or crystallization of the storage material.
- a latent heat storage material has the great advantage that it can store relatively large amounts of heat with him in a small temperature interval. Since the phase transition occurs at a substantially constant temperature over a certain period of time, it is possible to compensate for temperature fluctuations and to avoid temperature peaks.
- Latent heat storage materials are known in various forms. These materials are also called PCM materials (phase change material) from English terminology.
- a latent heat storage element according to the present invention is a latent heat storage material in a closed, possibly also provided with a pressure equalization valve enclosure. This is also referred to as a macroencapsulated PCM material.
- the wrapping is often made of plastic.
- Latent heat storage elements of the type in question are used in a particular field of application in thermally insulated containers, especially for transport purposes. For example, this applies to the transport of temperature-sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnological products, transplant goods or stored blood.
- the optimum transport and storage temperature to be observed is 2 ° C to 8 ° C.
- the products are only stable in a narrow temperature range. These products must therefore be transported and stored in this temperature range. Often, such regard In addition, never freeze the transport temperature of very sensitive products. Temperatures below 0 ° C must then be safely avoided. It is therefore about a safe achievement and compliance with the target temperature with a relatively small deviation.
- target temperature we refer to below the temperature which is maintained by the latent heat storage element during the phase transition with little deviation and resulting from the latent heat storage material of the latent heat storage element used.
- the present case concerns the preconditioning of at least one latent heat storage element in a thermally insulated, closed container having a receiving space for goods to be transported, in which the latent storage element has a target temperature of preferably slightly above 0 ° C.
- a related art (WO 2004/104498 A2 ) relates to a thermally insulated container, in particular for transport purposes, wherein the container is insulated against heat exchange with the ambient atmosphere by vacuum insulation panels and inside at least one latent heat storage element of the type in question.
- the disclosure content of this prior publication which can be found many aspects of the use of latent heat storage elements in transport containers.
- vacuum insulation panels have been known in principle for a long time, but is continuously perfected in terms of manufacturing technology and material technology. Basically allowed for vacuum insulation panels so far on the DE 100 58 566 C2 referenced by the assignee of the present application. Such vacuum insulation panels are currently the most powerful thermal insulation elements.
- the latent heat storage element In order for the latent heat storage element to be effective when used in the transport container, it must first be cooled to a temperature below the target temperature.
- a latent heat storage material that is between 3 ° C and 5 ° C melts, if possible to cool to a temperature close to this value. Best done (at a positive target temperature) preconditioning to the lower limit of the tolerance range of the target temperature, for example, here to about 3 ° C, so that during use in the heat-insulated transport container even the largest possible amount of heat can be absorbed. This is tantamount to the fact that over a relatively long period of time, the target temperature in the transport container can be maintained relatively accurately.
- the latent heat storage element is energetically loaded, ie frozen before the storage of a sample container in the receiving space. This happens here in that a coolant whose temperature is below the freezing temperature of the latent heat storage element is filled into the receiving space of the container. It is left there until the latent heat storage element is completely frozen and solidified. This requires a visual inspection. So you have to open from time to time the receiving space of the container, look inside and determine whether the latent heat storage element now makes a completely frozen and solidified impression.
- the invention is based on the problem of specifying a method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element in a container, which simply and reliably ensures that the latent heat storage element is preconditioned safely near its target temperature when it is used in the container.
- the singular is used for the latent heat storage element.
- the reference to "at least one latent heat storage element” makes it clear that the present method is also applicable if several latent heat storage elements are preconditioned at the same time.
- the method according to the invention specifically relates to the preconditioning of a latent heat storage element having a specific target temperature.
- a particularly interesting area is latent heat storage elements with a target temperature of just over 0 ° C. This target temperature is typical for the transport of the above-mentioned temperature-sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnological products, transplanted goods or stored blood. Target temperatures between 2 ° C and 8 ° C are typical for this range, as explained above.
- the container itself is used with its receiving space to condition the at least one latent heat storage element in the container. This is done by using a suitable coolant.
- the preconditioning is done with a means available throughout the world, namely, water ice. Dry ice is also a good preconditioning agent.
- the coolant is particularly preferred for the coolant to be introduced into the receiving space of the container in a separate closed container, in particular a plastic bag.
- the prerequisite is that at least one latent heat storage element is already in the container.
- water ice is first introduced into the receiving space, which is used later, after the preconditioning of the latent heat storage element, for the transport of the goods in the container. Then the container is closed, so that the excellent heat insulation can do theirs.
- the container is very well insulated by means of particular vacuum insulation panels and can provide for a temperature compensation with low thermal losses.
- the water ice cools the latent heat storage element to its target temperature. Due to the high heat capacity of the latent heat storage element in the region of its target temperature (liquid / solid phase transition), a considerable bandwidth is permitted here for the mass of water ice.
- the interior of the container is at the temperature that it must have in order to transport the temperature-sensitive goods.
- the water or water ice / water mixture is removed from the receiving space (so simply poured out).
- the receiving space is wiped and dried and then the goods to be transported are filled.
- the latent heat storage element ensures the desired constant temperature in the example just above 0 ° C. A freeze protection is thus automatically guaranteed.
- the coolant remains after reaching the target temperature of the latent heat storage element in the receiving space. This is especially possible when the coolant is in a separate, closed container.
- the latent heat storage element acts only so that the temperature in the container is slightly above the temperature of the total Coolant sets. In the case of water ice, a freeze protection is also guaranteed in this way.
- the algorithm of the calculation step thus aims at the exact right mass of coolant, especially water ice.
- the alternative of claim 3 takes a different approach.
- coolant especially water ice
- the calculation algorithm starts here on the required time for reaching the target temperature of the latent heat storage element.
- the user must wait a certain time known to him to achieve the appropriate preconditioning of the latent heat storage element.
- the receiving space is emptied, wiped and can then be filled with the goods to be transported.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for the transport of organs and stored blood, in which for logistical reasons, mainly water ice as a cooling medium is quickly available, a freezing of the cargo but must be avoided under all circumstances.
- the starting temperature of the latent heat storage element is expediently determined. Furthermore, it is expedient that, before the calculation step, the temperature of the coolant to be used, in particular of the water ice, is determined and used in the subsequent calculation step.
- the latent heat storage element acts so that the temperature in the container is set slightly above the temperature of the coolant.
- a freeze protection is ensured in this particular example of water ice as a coolant in this way.
- the in Fig. 1 The container 1 shown in the drawing has a container wall 2, in which there are vacuum insulation panels 2 'as heat insulation.
- the vacuum insulation panels 2 'of the illustrated embodiment are concealed in the walls 2 and therefore indicated only by dashed lines.
- the container 1 can be closed by a lid 3 hinged on top of the container 1, wherein the lid 3 is shown in the single figure of the drawing in the open position. Also, the lid 3 has a heat insulating installation in the form of a vacuum insulation panel or more vacuum insulation panels.
- thermosensitive goods 4 In order to be able to transport temperature-sensitive goods 4 inside the container 1, there is a receiving space 5 in the interior of the container 1.
- the single figure of the drawing indicates by dashed line how suitable goods 4 can be located in the receiving space 5.
- This product 4 may be a correspondingly temperature-sensitive product, for example an organ intended for transplantation, which in turn may be arranged in a storage container 4.
- the arrangement of the latent heat storage element 7 in the container 1 is not limited to the side walls.
- the latent heat storage element 7 could also be arranged in the bottom and / or in the cover 3, or, for example, only on one side.
- the illustrated and preferred embodiment is further characterized in that the bottom of the container 1 is also covered on the inside with a latent heat storage element 8. This extends from left to right between the two latent heat storage elements 7 and forms the bottom of the receiving space 5. This results in a comprehensive, uniform temperature of the receiving space 5 and a heat coupling of the lateral latent heat storage elements 7. But this is only a preferred, no necessary design for the container 1 according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows the situation in which the container 1 is prepared for the later recording of a temperature-sensitive material 4.
- a coolant 9 in the preferred example of water ice, poured into it.
- Fig. 2 The drawing shows the coolant 9 located in the receiving space 5 in the form of "crushed ice” of this embodiment.
- the lid 3 of the container 1 is still open.
- the lid 3 of the container 1 is closed.
- one of the output temperature of the latent heat storage elements 7 and the inner walls of the container 1 and the temperature of the coolant 9, in particular so the water ice, certain mixing temperature forms.
- the latent heat storage elements 7 After a while, the latent heat storage elements 7 have reached their target temperature. Then, the remaining cold water is poured from the receiving space 5, the receiving space 5 is dried and the container 1 is ready to transport the goods 4 ( Fig. 1 ).
- the operating principle of the invention basically consists in that no heat flows away from the receiving space 5 of the container 1 due to the latent heat storage elements 7, but heat is supplied to this interior to a certain extent by the latent heat storage elements 7/8. As a result, a slightly higher temperature arises in the receiving space 5 of the container 1 than would be predetermined by the coolant 9 located there. If this coolant is water ice, then with this methodology it is possible to keep the temperature in the interior space for later or simultaneously used goods 4 in the desired manner just above the limit temperature, in particular above the freezing point.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung mindestens eines Latentwärmespeicherelementes.The invention relates to a method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element.
Bei der Speicherung von Wärme in einem dafür geeigneten Speichermaterial erhöht sich normalerweise dessen Temperatur. Diese Form der Wärmespeicherung wird fühlbare oder sensible Wärmespeicherung genannt.When storing heat in a suitable storage material usually increases its temperature. This form of heat storage is called sensible or sensible heat storage.
Dann, wenn bei einem dafür geeigneten Material ein Phasenübergang erfolgt, z.B. der Übergang von der festen in die flüssige Phase (oder umgekehrt), ist der Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur des Speichermaterials und der vom Speichermaterial aufgenommenen (oder abgegebenen) Wärme nicht mehr linear. Bei einem Übergang von fest auf flüssig beginnt das Wärmespeichermaterial beim Erreichen der Temperatur des Phasenübergangs zu schmelzen. Diese Temperatur hält das Speichermaterial unter Zufuhr von Wärme so lange ein, bis das Speichermaterial komplett geschmolzen ist. Erst danach tritt wieder eine Erhöhung der Temperatur bei weiterer Aufnahme von Wärme auf.Then, when a phase transition occurs on a suitable material, e.g. the transition from the solid phase to the liquid phase (or vice versa), the relationship between the temperature of the storage material and the heat absorbed (or released) by the storage material is no longer linear. During a transition from solid to liquid, the heat storage material begins to melt on reaching the temperature of the phase transition. This temperature keeps the storage material with the supply of heat until the storage material is completely melted. Only then does an increase of the temperature occur with further absorption of heat.
Da für längere Zeit trotz der Zufuhr von Wärme praktisch keine Erhöhung der Temperatur auftritt, nennt man dies latente Wärme. Im Falle beispielsweise des typischen Phasenübergangs fest/flüssig ist die latente Wärme gleich der Schmelz- oder Kristallisationswärme des Speichermaterials.Since there is virtually no increase in temperature for a long time despite the supply of heat, this is called latent heat. For example, in the case of the typical solid / liquid phase transition, the latent heat is equal to the heat of fusion or crystallization of the storage material.
Ein Latentwärmespeichermaterial hat den großen Vorteil, dass man mit ihm in einem kleinen Temperaturintervall verhältnismäßig große Wärmemengen speichern kann. Da der Phasenübergang bei im Wesentlichen konstanter Temperatur über einen gewissen Zeitraum vonstatten geht, hat man die Möglichkeit, Temperaturschwankungen auszugleichen und Temperaturspitzen zu vermeiden.A latent heat storage material has the great advantage that it can store relatively large amounts of heat with him in a small temperature interval. Since the phase transition occurs at a substantially constant temperature over a certain period of time, it is possible to compensate for temperature fluctuations and to avoid temperature peaks.
Latentwärmespeichermaterialien sind in verschiedener Form bekannt. Man nennt diese Materialien aus der englischen Terminologie auch PCM-Materialien (phase change material).Latent heat storage materials are known in various forms. These materials are also called PCM materials (phase change material) from English terminology.
Liegt man bei einer Zieltemperatur (Temperatur des Phasenübergangs) von etwa 0 °C, so kann man Wasser mit unterschiedlichen Zusätzen als Latentwärmespeichermaterial einsetzen. Für eine Kältespeicherung unterhalb von 0 °C werden passend zubereitete Salzlösungen verwendet.If one lies at a target temperature (temperature of the phase transition) of about 0 ° C, so you can use water with different additives as latent heat storage material. For cold storage below 0 ° C suitably prepared salt solutions are used.
Im Bereich knapp oberhalb 0 °C sind andere Materialien, z.B. solche auf der Basis von Paraffinen, besser geeignet.In the range just above 0 ° C other materials, e.g. those based on paraffins, more suitable.
Im Einzelnen wird als Hintergrund verwiesen auf den Übersichtsartikel des BINE-Informationsdienstes "Themeninfo IV/02 aus dem Jahre 2002", (Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, Projektkennzeichen 0329840A-D, abrufbar bei www.bine.info, Stichwort: "Latentwärmespeicher"). Auf den Inhalt dieser Literaturstelle zum generellen Hintergrund von Latentwärmespeichermaterialien und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten wird hiermit durch Bezugnahme verwiesen.In particular, reference is made to the review article of the BINE Information Service "Themeninfo IV / 02 from the year 2002", (Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, project identifier 0329840A-D, available at www.bine.info, keyword: "Latentwärmespeicher"). The content of this reference to the general background of latent heat storage materials and their uses is hereby incorporated by reference.
Ein Latentwärmespeicherelement gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Latentwärmespeichermaterial in einer geschlossenen, ggf. auch mit einem Druckausgleichsventil versehenen Umhüllung. Man spricht dabei auch von einem makroverkapselten PCM-Material. Die Umhüllung ist häufig aus Kunststoff. Man kennt die grundlegende Konstruktion beispielsweise von sog. Kühlakkus.A latent heat storage element according to the present invention is a latent heat storage material in a closed, possibly also provided with a pressure equalization valve enclosure. This is also referred to as a macroencapsulated PCM material. The wrapping is often made of plastic. One knows the basic construction for example of so-called cold packs.
Latentwärmespeicherelemente der in Rede stehenden Art gibt es mittlerweile für eine Fülle von Zieltemperaturen, insbesondere auch von der Anmelderin (
Latentwärmespeicherelemente der in Rede stehenden Art werden in einem besonderen Anwendungsfeld in wärmegedämmten Behältern, insbesondere für Transportzwecke, eingesetzt. Beispielsweise gilt das für den Transport von temperatursensiblen Gütern wie Pharmazeutika, biotechnologische Produkte, Transplantationsgüter oder Blutkonserven. In diesem Anwendungsfeld beträgt die optimale, unbedingt einzuhaltende Transport- und Lagertemperatur beispielsweise 2 °C bis 8 °C. Häufig sind die Produkte überhaupt nur in einem engen Temperaturbereich stabil. Diese Produkte müssen daher in diesem Temperaturbereich transportiert und gelagert werden. Häufig dürfen solche hinsichtlich der Transporttemperatur sehr sensiblen Produkte zudem auf keinen Fall einfrieren. Temperaturen unter 0 °C müssen dann sicher vermieden werden. Es geht somit um eine sichere Erreichung und Einhaltung der Zieltemperatur mit einer vergleichsweise geringen Abweichung.Latent heat storage elements of the type in question are used in a particular field of application in thermally insulated containers, especially for transport purposes. For example, this applies to the transport of temperature-sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnological products, transplant goods or stored blood. For example, in this field of application, the optimum transport and storage temperature to be observed is 2 ° C to 8 ° C. Frequently, the products are only stable in a narrow temperature range. These products must therefore be transported and stored in this temperature range. Often, such regard In addition, never freeze the transport temperature of very sensitive products. Temperatures below 0 ° C must then be safely avoided. It is therefore about a safe achievement and compliance with the target temperature with a relatively small deviation.
Als Zieltemperatur bezeichnen wir nachfolgend die Temperatur, die vom Latentwärmespeicherelement während des Phasenübergangs mit geringer Abweichung eingehalten wird und die sich aus dem verwendeten Latentwärmespeichermaterial des Latentwärmespeicherelementes ergibt.As target temperature, we refer to below the temperature which is maintained by the latent heat storage element during the phase transition with little deviation and resulting from the latent heat storage material of the latent heat storage element used.
Vorliegend geht es um die Vorkonditionierung mindestens eines Latentwämespeicherelementes in einem wärmeisolierten, geschlossenen, einen Aufnahmeraum für zu transportierende Güter aufweisenden Behälter, bei dem das Latentspeicherelement eine Zieltemperatur von vorzugsweise etwas über 0 °C aufweist.The present case concerns the preconditioning of at least one latent heat storage element in a thermally insulated, closed container having a receiving space for goods to be transported, in which the latent storage element has a target temperature of preferably slightly above 0 ° C.
Ein diesbezüglicher Stand der Technik (
Die Technik von Vakuumisolationspaneelen ist im Grundsatz bereits seit längerer Zeit bekannt, wird aber laufend in herstellungstechnischer und werkstofftechnischer Hinsicht perfektioniert. Grundsätzlich darf für Vakuumisolationspaneele insoweit auf die
Im vorliegenden Fall geht es nun um ein Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung von Latentwärmespeicherelementen, die in einem Behälter anordenbar oder angeordnet sind.In the present case, it is now a process for the preconditioning of latent heat storage elements that can be arranged or arranged in a container.
Damit das Latentwärmespeicherelement im Einsatz in dem Transportbehälter seine Wirkung tun kann, muss es zuvor auf eine unter der Zieltemperatur liegende Temperatur abgekühlt werden. Beispielsweise ist ein Latentwärmespeichermaterial, das zwischen 3 °C und 5 °C schmilzt, möglichst auf eine Temperatur nahe diesem Wert abzukühlen. Am besten erfolgt (bei einer positiven Zieltemperatur) eine Vorkonditionierung auf die Untergrenze des Toleranzbereichs der Zieltemperatur, beispielsweise also hier auf etwa 3 °C, so dass während des Einsatzes im wärmeisolierten Transportbehälter noch eine möglichst große Wärmemenge aufgenommen werden kann. Das ist nämlich gleichbedeutend damit, dass über einen vergleichsweise langen Zeitraum die Zieltemperatur im Transportbehälter relativ genau eingehalten werden kann.In order for the latent heat storage element to be effective when used in the transport container, it must first be cooled to a temperature below the target temperature. For example, a latent heat storage material that is between 3 ° C and 5 ° C melts, if possible to cool to a temperature close to this value. Best done (at a positive target temperature) preconditioning to the lower limit of the tolerance range of the target temperature, for example, here to about 3 ° C, so that during use in the heat-insulated transport container even the largest possible amount of heat can be absorbed. This is tantamount to the fact that over a relatively long period of time, the target temperature in the transport container can be maintained relatively accurately.
Zur Vorkonditionierung von Latentwärmespeicherelementen benötigt man also eine möglichst genaue Vorkühltemperatur, die - wie erläutert - möglichst nahe am oder im Toleranzbereich der Zieltemperatur des eingesetzten Latentwärmespeichermaterials liegen sollte.For the preconditioning of latent heat storage elements, therefore, it is necessary to have the most accurate precooling temperature which, as explained, should be as close as possible to or within the tolerance range of the target temperature of the latent heat storage material used.
Zur Vorkonditionierung von derartigen Latentwärmespeicherelementen werden diese häufig in einen Kühlraum eingebracht. Ein Kühlraum hat normalerweise keine sonderlich genaue Temperatureinstellung. Beispielsweise liegt eine typische Kühlraumtemperatur bei 5 °C mit einem Toleranzbereich von ± 2 °C, also irgendwo zwischen 3 °C und 7 °C. Das ist für Einsatzzwecke wie im Bereich der biotechnologischen Produkte etc., wie oben angegeben, nicht ausreichend. Will man die Anforderungen zum Transport oder zu sonstigen Handhabungen von temperaturempfindlichen Gütern erreichen, so muss man kompliziertere Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung oder besonders präzise regelbare Kühleinrichtungen einsetzen. Derartige komplizierte Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung sind fehleranfällig. Sie sind auch nicht in allen Ländern durchführbar, insbesondere nicht in Ländern mit einem niedrigeren Entwicklungsstandard.For preconditioning of such latent heat storage elements, these are often introduced into a cold room. A refrigerator usually does not have a very accurate temperature setting. For example, a typical cold room temperature at 5 ° C with a tolerance range of ± 2 ° C, ie somewhere between 3 ° C and 7 ° C. This is for purposes such as in the field of biotechnological products, etc., as stated above, not sufficient. If one wants to meet the requirements for the transport or other handling of temperature-sensitive goods, it is necessary to use more complicated processes for preconditioning or particularly precisely controllable cooling devices. Such complicated procedures for preconditioning are error prone. Nor are they feasible in all countries, especially in countries with a lower standard of development.
In jüngerer Zeit bekannt geworden ist auch ein weniger kompliziertes Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung von Latentwärmespeicherelementen (
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Vorkonditionierung mindestens eines Latentwärmespeicherelementes in einem Behälter anzugeben, das einfach und sicher gewährleistet, dass das Latentwärmespeicherelement bei seinem Einsatz im Behälter sicher nahe seiner Zieltemperatur vorkonditioniert ist.The invention is based on the problem of specifying a method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element in a container, which simply and reliably ensures that the latent heat storage element is preconditioned safely near its target temperature when it is used in the container.
Das zuvor aufgezeigte Problem ist in einer ersten Variante durch das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. In einer Alternative ist das zuvor aufgezeigte Problem durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen Unteransprüche.The previously indicated problem is solved in a first variant by the method according to
In den Ansprüchen wird für das Latentwärmespeicherelement das Singular verwendet. Der Hinweis auf "mindestens ein Latentwärmespeicherelement" macht aber deutlich, dass das vorliegende Verfahren auch dann anwendbar ist, wenn gleichzeitig mehrere Latentwärmespeicherelemente vorkonditioniert werden.In the claims, the singular is used for the latent heat storage element. However, the reference to "at least one latent heat storage element" makes it clear that the present method is also applicable if several latent heat storage elements are preconditioned at the same time.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren betrifft speziell die Vorkonditionierung eines Latentwärmespeicherelementes mit einer bestimmten Zieltemperatur. Ein besonders interessanter Bereich liegt bei Latentwärmespeicherelementen mit einer Zieltemperatur von etwas mehr als 0 °C. Diese Zieltemperatur ist typisch für den Transport der oben angesprochenen temperatursensiblen Güter wie Pharmazeutika, biotechnologische Produkte, Transplantationsgüter oder Blutkonserven. Für diesen Bereich sind Zieltemperaturen zwischen 2 °C und 8 °C typisch, wie oben bereits erläutert.The method according to the invention specifically relates to the preconditioning of a latent heat storage element having a specific target temperature. A particularly interesting area is latent heat storage elements with a target temperature of just over 0 ° C. This target temperature is typical for the transport of the above-mentioned temperature-sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnological products, transplanted goods or stored blood. Target temperatures between 2 ° C and 8 ° C are typical for this range, as explained above.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Behälter selbst mit seinem Aufnahmeraum genutzt, um das mindestens eine Latentwärmespeicherelement in dem Behälter zu konditionieren. Dies geschieht durch Verwendung eines passenden Kühlmittels.According to the invention, the container itself is used with its receiving space to condition the at least one latent heat storage element in the container. This is done by using a suitable coolant.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Vorkonditionierung mit einem überall in der Welt verfügbare Mittel, nämlich mit Wassereis. Auch Trockeneis ist ein gutes Mittel zur Vorkonditionierung.Most preferably, the preconditioning is done with a means available throughout the world, namely, water ice. Dry ice is also a good preconditioning agent.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es insbesondere bei Wassereis oder Trockeneis, dass das Kühlmittel in einem separaten geschlossenen Behältnis, insbesondere einem Kunststoffbeutel, in den Aufnahmeraum des Behälters eingefüllt wird.Particularly in the case of water ice or dry ice, it is particularly preferred for the coolant to be introduced into the receiving space of the container in a separate closed container, in particular a plastic bag.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung mit dem speziellen, bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel von Wassereis als Kühlmittel erläutert. Das schließt aber nicht aus, dass man dieses Verfahren auch mit anderen passenden, nämlich den interessierenden Temperaturbereich erreichenden Kühlmitteln umsetzen kann. Immer dann, wenn nachfolgend als besonders bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel von Wassereis gesprochen wird, ist dies somit nicht einschränkend zu verstehen. Allerdings ist Wassereis die ganz bevorzugte, weil besonders zweckmäßig nutzbare und überall verfügbare Variante des zu verwenden Kühlmittels.The invention will be explained with the specific, preferred embodiment of water ice as a coolant. However, this does not exclude that one can implement this method with other suitable, namely reaching the temperature range of interest cooling agents. Whenever water ice is discussed below as a particularly preferred embodiment, this is not to be understood as limiting. However, water ice is the most preferred, because particularly useful and widely available variant of the coolant to be used.
Voraussetzung ist, dass mindestens ein Latentwärmespeicherelement sich bereits im Behälter befindet. Erfindungsgemäß wird in den Aufnahmeraum, der später, nach der Vorkonditionierung des Latentwärmespeicherelementes, für den Transport der Güter im Behälter genutzt wird, zunächst Wassereis eingefüllt. Dann wird der Behälter geschlossen, so dass die vorzügliche Wärmeisolation das ihre tun kann. Der Behälter ist mittels insbesondere Vakuumisolationspaneelen sehr gut wärmeisoliert und kann für einen Temperaturausgleich mit geringen thermischen Verlusten sorgen. Das Wassereis kühlt das Latentwärmespeicherelement auf seine Zieltemperatur ab. Wegen der hohen Wärmekapazität des Latentwärmespeicherelementes im Bereich seiner Zieltemperatur (Phasenübergang flüssig/fest) ist hier für die Masse an Wassereis eine erhebliche Bandbreite zulässig.The prerequisite is that at least one latent heat storage element is already in the container. According to the invention, water ice is first introduced into the receiving space, which is used later, after the preconditioning of the latent heat storage element, for the transport of the goods in the container. Then the container is closed, so that the excellent heat insulation can do theirs. The container is very well insulated by means of particular vacuum insulation panels and can provide for a temperature compensation with low thermal losses. The water ice cools the latent heat storage element to its target temperature. Due to the high heat capacity of the latent heat storage element in the region of its target temperature (liquid / solid phase transition), a considerable bandwidth is permitted here for the mass of water ice.
Nach der Vorkonditionierung des Latentwärmespeicherelementes befindet sich der Innenraum des Behälters auf der Temperatur, die er haben muss, um die temperatursensiblen Güter zu transportieren. Das Wasser oder Wassereis/Wasser-Gemisch wird aus dem Aufnahmeraum entfernt (also einfach ausgegossen). Der Aufnahmeraum wird ausgewischt und getrocknet und dann werden die zu transportierenden Güter eingefüllt. Das Latentwärmespeicherelement sorgt für die gewünschte konstante Temperatur im Beispielfall knapp oberhalb von 0 °C. Eine Einfriersicherung ist damit automatisch gewährleistet.After the preconditioning of the latent heat storage element, the interior of the container is at the temperature that it must have in order to transport the temperature-sensitive goods. The water or water ice / water mixture is removed from the receiving space (so simply poured out). The receiving space is wiped and dried and then the goods to be transported are filled. The latent heat storage element ensures the desired constant temperature in the example just above 0 ° C. A freeze protection is thus automatically guaranteed.
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass das Kühlmittel nach Erreichen der Zieltemperatur des Latentwärmespeicherelementes weiterhin im Aufnahmeraum verbleibt. Das ist insbesondere dann möglich, wenn das Kühlmittel sich in einem separaten, geschlossenen Behältnis befindet. In diesem Fall wirkt das Latentwärmespeicherelement lediglich so, dass sich die Temperatur im Behälter insgesamt etwas oberhalb der Temperatur des Kühlmittels einstellt. Bei Wassereis ist auch auf diese Weise eine Einfriersicherung gewährleistet.Alternatively, it is also possible that the coolant remains after reaching the target temperature of the latent heat storage element in the receiving space. This is especially possible when the coolant is in a separate, closed container. In this case, the latent heat storage element acts only so that the temperature in the container is slightly above the temperature of the total Coolant sets. In the case of water ice, a freeze protection is also guaranteed in this way.
Bei der ersten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorweg berechnet, welche Masse an Kühlmittel, insbesondere also an Wassereis, in den Aufnahmeraum eingefüllt werden muss, um das Latentwärmespeicherelement seine Zieltemperatur erreichen zu lassen. Der Algorithmus des Berechnungsschrittes zielt also auf die genau richtige Masse an Kühlmittel, insbesondere also an Wassereis.In the first variant of the method according to the invention, it is calculated in advance which mass of coolant, in particular of water ice, has to be introduced into the receiving space in order to allow the latent heat storage element to reach its target temperature. The algorithm of the calculation step thus aims at the exact right mass of coolant, especially water ice.
Die Alternative nach Anspruch 3 geht einen anderen Weg. Hier wird Kühlmittel, insbesondere also Wassereis, im Überfluss in den Aufnahmeraum eingefüllt. Der Berechnungsalgorithmus setzt hier an der benötigten Zeit für das Erreichen der Zieltemperatur des Latentwärmespeicherelementes an. Der Verwender muss eine bestimmte, ihm bekannte Zeit abwarten, um die passende Vorkonditionierung des Latentwärmespeicherelementes zu erreichen. Nach Erreichen der Zeitspanne wird wiederum der Aufnahmeraum entleert, ausgewischt und kann dann mit den zu transportierenden Gütern befüllt werden. Auch hier besteht die Alternative, dass Kühlmittel unter bestimmten Randbedingungen im Aufnahmeraum zu belassen.The alternative of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich in besonderer Weise für den Transport von Organen und Blutkonserven, bei denen aus logistischen Gründen hauptsächlich Wassereis als Kühlmedium schnell zur Verfügung steht, ein Einfrieren des Transportgutes aber unter allen Umständen vermieden werden muss.The inventive method is particularly suitable for the transport of organs and stored blood, in which for logistical reasons, mainly water ice as a cooling medium is quickly available, a freezing of the cargo but must be avoided under all circumstances.
Für die weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich noch verschiedene Einflussgrößen, die im Berechnungsschritt verwendet werden können, um das Ergebnis noch zu optimieren. Vor dem Einfüllen des Kühlmittels, insbesondere des Wassereises, in den Behälter und vor dem Berechnungsschritt wird zweckmäßigerweise die Ausgangstemperatur des Latentwärmespeicherelementes ermittelt. Weiter ist es zweckmäßig, dass vor dem Berechnungsschritt die Temperatur des zu verwendenden Kühlmittels, insbesondere des Wassereises, ermittelt und im anschließenden Berechnungsschritt verwendet wird.For the further embodiment of the method according to the invention, there are still various influencing variables which can be used in the calculation step in order to optimize the result. Before filling the coolant, in particular the water ice, in the container and before the calculation step, the starting temperature of the latent heat storage element is expediently determined. Furthermore, it is expedient that, before the calculation step, the temperature of the coolant to be used, in particular of the water ice, is determined and used in the subsequent calculation step.
Schließlich empfiehlt es sich, den Behälter mit Hilfe der eingangs erläuterten Vakuumisolationspaneele zu isolieren. Das ist besonders wirksam.Finally, it is recommended to isolate the container with the aid of the above-explained vacuum insulation panels. This is especially effective.
Schließlich ist es auch möglich, die zu transportierenden Güter gemeinsam mit dem Kühlmittel in dem Aufnahmeraum anzuordnen. Auch in diesem Fall wirkt das Latentwärmespeicherelement so, dass sich die Temperatur im Behälter insgesamt etwas oberhalb der Temperatur des Kühlmittels einstellt. Insbesondere ist auch hier bei dem besonderen Beispiel von Wassereis als Kühlmittel auf diese Weise eine Einfriersicherung gewährleistet.Finally, it is also possible to arrange the goods to be transported together with the coolant in the receiving space. Also in this case, the latent heat storage element acts so that the temperature in the container is set slightly above the temperature of the coolant. In particular, a freeze protection is ensured in this particular example of water ice as a coolant in this way.
Im Folgenden wird nun die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert.In the following, the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only a preferred exemplary embodiment.
Der in
Der Behälter 1 ist durch einen oben am Behälter 1 anscharnierten Deckel 3 verschließbar, wobei der Deckel 3 in der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung in geöffneter Stellung dargestellt ist. Auch der Deckel 3 hat einen wärmeisolierenden Einbau in Form eines Vakuumisolationspaneels oder mehrerer Vakuumisolationspaneele.The
Um im Inneren des Behälters 1 temperatursensible Güter 4 transportieren zu können, befindet sich im Inneren des Behälters 1 ein Aufnahmeraum 5. In der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung ist gestrichelt angedeutet, wie sich im Aufnahmeraum 5 entsprechende Güter 4 befinden können. Bei diesem Gut 4 kann es sich um ein entsprechend temperatursensibles Produkt, beispielsweise um ein für eine Transplantation bestimmtes Organ handeln, das ggf. seinerseits in einem Aufbewahrungsbehälter 4 angeordnet ist.In order to be able to transport temperature-
Rechts und links vom Aufnahmeraum 5 sieht man dünne Wandungen 6, beispielsweise in Form einer dünnen Innenwand aus Kunststoff. Aber auch Bleche aller Art oder ein Karton oder eine entsprechende Schichtstoffplatte könnte hier in Frage kommen. Durch die Wandung 6 ist zur Behälterwandung 2 hin jeweils ein schmaler Raum geschaffen. In jedem dieser beiden Räume befindet sich hier ein Latentwärmespeicherelement 7. Dieses Latentwärmespeicherelement 7 (PCM) ähnelt einem Kühlakku. Die Besonderheiten eines Latentwärmespeicherelementes 7 sind in der Beschreibung einleitend erläutert worden.Right and left of the receiving
Ergänzend bevorzugt ist es so, dass zwischen dem Aufnahmeraum 5 und dem Latentwärmespeicherelement 7 keine Verbindung besteht außer der wärmeübertragenden Verbindung durch die Wandlung 6 hindurch.In addition, it is preferable that there is no connection between the receiving
Die Anordnung des Latentwärmespeicherelementes 7 im Behälter 1 ist nicht auf die Seitenwandungen beschränkt. Grundsätzlich könnte das Latentwärmespeicherelement 7 auch im Boden und/oder im Deckel 3, oder beispielsweise auch nur an einer Seite angeordnet sein.The arrangement of the latent
Das dargestellte und bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel zeichnet sich ferner dadurch aus, dass der Boden des Behälters 1 auf der Innenseite ebenfalls mit einem Latentwärmespeicherelement 8 bedeckt ist. Dieses erstreckt sich von links nach rechts zwischen den beiden Latentwärmespeicherelementen 7 und bildet den Boden des Aufnahmeraums 5. Dadurch ergibt sich eine umfassende, gleichmäßige Temperierung des Aufnahmeraums 5 und eine Wärmekopplung der seitlichen Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7. Das ist aber nur eine bevorzugte, keine notwendige Ausgestaltung für den erfindungsgemäßen Behälter 1.The illustrated and preferred embodiment is further characterized in that the bottom of the
Erfindungsgemäß ist im Rahmen des hier beschriebenen, besonders bevorzugten, jedoch nicht einschränkend zu verstehenden Ausführungsbeispiels von Bedeutung, wie die Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7 im Inneren des Behälters 1 vorkonditioniert werden. Um dies besser zu verstehen, sollte
In
Das geschieht wie oben erläutert dadurch, dass der Benutzer in den Aufnahmeraum 5 eine entsprechend passende Menge eines Kühlmittels 9, im bevorzugten Beispiel von Wassereis, hinein schüttet. Das sollte vorzugsweise "crushed ice" sein, damit es sich möglichst breit verteilt. In
Der Deckel 3 des Behälters 1 wird geschlossen. Im Inneren des Behälters 1 bildet sich eine von der Ausgangstemperatur der Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7 und der Innenwandungen des Behälters 1 sowie der Temperatur des Kühlmittels 9, insbesondere also des Wassereises, bestimmte Mischtemperatur aus. Nach einer Weile sind die Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7 auf ihrer Zieltemperatur angelangt. Dann wird das verbleibende kalte Wasser aus dem Aufnahmeraum 5 abgegossen, der Aufnahmeraum 5 wird ausgetrocknet und der Behälter 1 ist bereit zum Transport des Gutes 4 (
Generell gelten für alle Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die Ausführungen im allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen. Das Funktionsprinzip der Erfindung besteht im Grunde darin, dass durch die Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7 aus dem Aufnahmeraum 5 des Behälters 1 keine Wärme abfließt, sondern dass diesem Innenraum durch die Latentwärmespeicherelemente 7/8 in bestimmtem Umfang Wärme zugeführt wird. Dadurch stellt sich im Aufnahmeraum 5 des Behälters 1 eine etwas höhere Temperatur ein als sie durch das dort befindliche Kühlmittel 9 an sich vorgegeben wäre. Handelt es sich bei diesem Kühlmittel um Wassereis, so kann man mit dieser Methodik die Temperatur im Innenraum für später oder zeitgleich eingesetzte Güter 4 in der gewünschten Weise knapp oberhalb der Grenztemperatur, insbesondere oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes, halten.In general, the statements in the general part of the description and in the claims apply to all variants of the method according to the invention. The operating principle of the invention basically consists in that no heat flows away from the receiving
Im Einzelnen darf auf die verschiedenen möglichen Verfahrensschritte verwiesen werden, die im allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung erläutert worden sind.In detail, reference may be made to the various possible method steps, which have been explained in the general part of the description.
Claims (7)
- Method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element (7) which is arranged in a thermally insulated, closed container (1) having a receiving space (5) for items (4) to be transported,
wherein the latent heat storage element (7) has a defined target temperature,
wherein an initial temperature of the latent heat storage element (7), the thermal capacity of the latent heat storage element (7) and the target temperature of the latent heat storage element (7) are used to calculate the mass of a coolant (9) appropriate for the target temperature of the latent heat storage element (7) that has to be placed into the receiving space (5) so that the latent heat storage element (7) reaches the target temperature thereof,
wherein the mass of coolant (9) calculated in this manner is placed into the receiving space (5), and
wherein it is established when the coolant (9) in the receiving space (5) has substantially completely melted, wherein it is thereby indicated that the latent heat storage element (7) located in the container (1) has reached the target temperature thereof. - Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coolant (9) is removed from the receiving space (5) in order to end the method.
- Method for preconditioning at least one latent heat storage element (7) which is arranged in a thermally insulated, closed container (1) having a receiving space (5) for items (4) to be transported,
wherein the latent heat storage element (7) has a defined target temperature,
wherein the initial temperature of the latent heat storage element (7), the thermal capacity of the latent heat storage element (7) and the target temperature of the latent heat storage element (7) are used to calculate the period of time which is required after placing an overabundant mass of coolant (9) into the receiving space (5) so that the latent heat storage element (7) reaches the target temperature thereof,
wherein an excessively large mass of coolant (9) is placed into the receiving space (5), and
wherein the previously calculated period of time is measured and, after said period of time is reached, the coolant (9) is removed from the receiving space (5) in order to end the method. - Method according to any of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, after the coolant (9) is placed into the receiving space (5) of the container (1), the container (1) is closed.
- Method according to any of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coolant (9) is placed into the receiving space (5) of the container (1) in a separate, closed vessel, in particular in a plastic bag.
- Method according to any of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the latent heat storage element (7) has a target temperature of somewhat more than 0°C.
- Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that water ice is used as the coolant (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102012024695 | 2012-12-18 | ||
DE102013002555.9A DE102013002555A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-02-15 | Method and apparatus for the preconditioning of latent heat storage elements |
PCT/EP2013/003706 WO2014094995A2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-09 | Method for preconditioning latent heat storage elements |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2936010A2 EP2936010A2 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2936010B1 true EP2936010B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
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EP13831853.0A Active EP2936010B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-09 | Method for preconditioning of latent heat store elements |
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US (1) | US9581374B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2936010B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6221149B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105143793B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013002555A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014094995A2 (en) |
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KR101953201B1 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2019-02-28 | 브리티시 아메리칸 토바코 (인베스트먼츠) 리미티드 | Heating smokeable material |
EP3892125A3 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2022-01-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Heating smokable material |
GB201207039D0 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-06-06 | British American Tobacco Co | Heating smokeable material |
GB201500582D0 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-02-25 | British American Tobacco Co | Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein |
GB201511349D0 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2015-08-12 | Nicoventures Holdings Ltd | Electronic aerosol provision systems |
AT517512B1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2019-01-15 | Rep Ip Ag | Transport container for transporting temperature-sensitive cargo |
US20170055584A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-02 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
US11924930B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2024-03-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
GB2543837B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-11-07 | Tower Cold Chain Solutions Ltd | In-flight service cart with a thermally insulated container utilising a phase change material |
FR3048491B1 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-12-13 | David Berrebi | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DELIVERING COLD ON FOOD OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES |
DE102017000622B4 (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2023-10-26 | Va-Q-Tec Ag | Method for preparing a transport container |
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US10793338B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2020-10-06 | Fisher Clinical Services Inc. | Apparatus and methods for transporting and conditioning panels containing phase change materials |
WO2019241720A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Cold Chain Technologies, Inc. | Shipping system for storing and/or transporting temperature-sensitive materials |
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2013
- 2013-02-15 DE DE102013002555.9A patent/DE102013002555A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-09 EP EP13831853.0A patent/EP2936010B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-09 US US14/442,962 patent/US9581374B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-09 WO PCT/EP2013/003706 patent/WO2014094995A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-09 CN CN201380066607.3A patent/CN105143793B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-09 JP JP2015546893A patent/JP6221149B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
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CN105143793A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
JP6221149B2 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
US9581374B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
WO2014094995A3 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
CN105143793B (en) | 2017-09-22 |
JP2016503871A (en) | 2016-02-08 |
WO2014094995A2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
US20150292787A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
DE102013002555A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2936010A2 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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