EP2932168B1 - Système de pompe à chaleur et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Système de pompe à chaleur et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2932168B1
EP2932168B1 EP13811396.4A EP13811396A EP2932168B1 EP 2932168 B1 EP2932168 B1 EP 2932168B1 EP 13811396 A EP13811396 A EP 13811396A EP 2932168 B1 EP2932168 B1 EP 2932168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
heat exchanger
heating
compressor
coolant
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Active
Application number
EP13811396.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2932168A1 (fr
Inventor
Inga Troestler
Torsten Schmitz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/021—Indoor unit or outdoor unit with auxiliary heat exchanger not forming part of the indoor or outdoor unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat pump arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a method for operating such a heat pump arrangement according to claim 5.
  • the heat pump assembly comprises a refrigerant circuit and a heating circuit, which are connected to each other via a heat exchanger in heat transferring manner.
  • a refrigerant circuit at least an outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor are arranged.
  • the heating circuit which has a pumping a heat transfer medium pump, at least one heat consumer, such as a radiator, and / or a hot water storage heater is provided.
  • thermal energy is taken up from a low-temperature reservoir, for example the environment, in the cooling circuit, using technical work, and transmitted to the heating circuit together with drive energy.
  • heat can also be taken up from the heating circuit via the heat exchanger and released via the outdoor heat exchanger. In this mode of operation, therefore, there is a cooling of the heating circuit.
  • the cooling function of the heat pump is usually not used. Rather, the heat pump assembly only serves to provide heat efficiently and to pass to the heating circuit, then the corresponding heat sink, such as a hot water storage heater or a heat consumer such as a surface heating, is supplied. There is a release of heat, for example, in a room that is heated by it.
  • Fan convectors are required which dissipate the heat via forced convection. Fan convectors have the advantage that they dehumidify the air, which is not the case with heat exchanger surfaces, such as a floor or wall heating.
  • the heat output in the heating case is usually via radiators or wall heaters, the area is not sufficient for the cooling case. Accordingly, additional fan convectors or large heat exchanger surfaces would have to be retrofitted for retrofitting a cooling function of the heat pump, which is generally not economically feasible.
  • a heat pump When replacing an existing heat generator by a heat pump, therefore, only a part of the functionality, namely only the heat generation and not the cooling, can be used.
  • a heat pump arrangement with a refrigerant circuit and a heating circuit with a heat transfer medium conveying pump, which are connected via a heat exchanger transmitting heat, wherein in the refrigerant circuit at least one outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor are arranged and the heating circuit has at least one heat consumer and / or a hot water tank, is inventively provided that at least one direct evaporator in the refrigerant circuit is arranged parallel to the heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the direct evaporator can also be realized later with relatively little effort a cooling function.
  • the direct evaporator is simply installed in the room to be cooled and connected to the refrigeration cycle.
  • the direct evaporator is arranged parallel to the heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, the heat absorbed by the direct evaporator can be transferred depending on the mode of operation on the heat exchanger to the heating circuit or via the outdoor heat exchanger be dissipated to the environment. This makes it possible to continue to use the dissipated heat in the cooling case.
  • a first expansion valve and / or the direct evaporator a second expansion valve is connected upstream of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger downstream of a third expansion valve the functionality extends further.
  • the expansion valves can be used as a switching valve to prevent the flow through the direct evaporator, the outdoor heat exchanger and / or the heat exchanger with refrigerant can.
  • a four-way switching valve is arranged, to which the outdoor heat exchanger, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the direct evaporator are connected. This results in a very simple interconnection and control, wherein the respective mode of operation is predetermined by the four-way switching valve by the corresponding elements are connected together.
  • the four-way switching valve is configured such that the refrigerant is conducted in a heating mode with or without hot water through the four-way switching valve from the outdoor heat exchanger to the compressor and from the compressor to the heat exchanger, where it in a cooling mode without hot water by the four-way switching valve.
  • Directional changeover valve is led from the compressor to the outdoor heat exchanger and passes from the outdoor heat exchanger via the direct evaporator to the compressor.
  • the coolant is passed through the four-way switching valve from the compressor to the heat exchanger, the refrigerant passes from the heat exchanger via the direct evaporator and the outdoor heat exchanger to the compressor.
  • the four-way diverter valve thus provides the required functionality. Additional valves are not required.
  • a three-way switching valve is arranged in the heating circuit, via which the heat consumer and the hot water storage heater are connected to the heat exchanger, wherein the three-way switching valve is designed in particular as a three-way switching valve or as a three-way mixing valve.
  • About the three-way switching valve can then be relatively easily controlled, for example, in the heat exchanger to be used in the hot water storage heater transferred to the heating circuit or delivered to the heat consumer. In a reversing valve only one of the two modes is possible.
  • the three-way switching valve as a mixing valve can be transmitted from the heat transfer medium heat at the same time to the hot water storage heater and to the heat consumer.
  • a direct evaporator is installed in a room to be conditioned, wherein the direct evaporator is integrated in the refrigerant circuit parallel to the heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • This is a relatively easy way to provide a cooling function later. Not only a cooling of the room air can take place via the direct evaporator, but also dehumidification if necessary. Due to the parallel installation of the direct evaporator to the heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, it is possible to transfer the heat absorbed by the direct evaporator through the heat exchanger in the heating circuit and continue to use there or leave over the outdoor heat exchanger to the environment.
  • the refrigerant in a heating mode, can be passed from the compressor via a switching valve to the heat exchanger, wherein heat is transferred to a heating medium of the heating circuit in the heat exchanger and at least one heat consumer of the heating circuit delivers the heat to the room to be conditioned.
  • heat is transferred via the heat exchanger via the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit where it is used to heat the room.
  • heat can be taken up by the direct evaporator from the space to be conditioned and transferred to the refrigerant, wherein the heat is released from the refrigerant via the outdoor heat exchanger and / or via the heat exchanger. It is therefore possible to continue to use the heat absorbed in the case of cooling. This results in an energetically very efficient mode of operation.
  • additional heat is transferred to the refrigerant via the external heat exchanger, which heat is transferred to the heating medium in the heat exchanger. This is particularly helpful when in the heating circuit, for example by the hot water storage heater, more heat is required than they over the Direct evaporator is introduced into the heat pump assembly. Even so, a very efficient warming can be achieved.
  • heat absorbed by the direct evaporator is used to heat at least one further heating device, in particular a hot water storage tank.
  • this additional heating device can be used for heating a pool or the like, ie a device which is to be supplied with additional heat even in the case of cooling or at warm outside temperatures.
  • a heat pump assembly 1 which has a refrigerant circuit 2 and a heating circuit 3.
  • the refrigerant circuit 2 which is the actual heat pump
  • an outdoor heat exchanger 4 a compressor 5, a four-way switching valve 6 and a heat exchanger 7 is arranged.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is preceded by a first expansion valve 8.
  • the heat exchanger 7, a corresponding expansion valve 9 is connected downstream.
  • Another expansion valve 10 prevents in the heating mode, the penetration of refrigerant in a parallel to the heat exchanger 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 4 extending strand of the refrigerant circuit 2, in which a in Fig. 1 and 2 Not shown direct evaporator is arranged.
  • the heating circuit 3 which is heat-transferring connected by the heat exchanger 7 with the refrigerant circuit 2, there is a pumping a heat transfer medium pump 11 and a heat consumer 12, which is formed in this case as a wall heater.
  • a three-way switching valve 13 a in Fig. 1 not shown, because functionless, hot water storage heaters are integrated into the heating circuit 3.
  • the refrigerant which expands in the expansion valve 8 in front of the outdoor heat exchanger 8, receives heat from the environment via the outdoor heat exchanger 4, whereby the refrigerant evaporates. Subsequently, the refrigerant is compressed by means of the compressor 5 and thus the temperature level further raised. Finally, the heat is transferred from the refrigerant via the heat exchanger 7 to the heat transfer medium of the heating circuit 3 and distributed there.
  • the heat exchanger 7 may be formed as a plate heat exchanger and is preferably operated in countercurrent. The temperature level of the refrigerant is lowered by expanding by means of the expansion valve 8 so that it can absorb new heat from the environment via the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
  • the heat transfer medium is circulated in the heating circuit 3 via the pump 11, which may be positioned at different points of the heating circuit 3. This results in a heat transfer to the respective heat sinks.
  • Fig. 2 an operating case is shown in which the heat transferred to the heating circuit 3 heat is not absorbed by the heat consumption 12, but via a hot water storage heater 14 and transferred there to the stored water. So there is a drinking water or service water heating, wherein the recirculated from the pump 11 heat transfer medium, for example water, via the three-way valve 13 instead of the heat consumer 12 to the hot water storage heater 14 is performed.
  • the structure of the heat pump assembly 1 corresponds to the Fig. 1 shown construction. If a simultaneous heating and hot water operation is desired, while the three-way valve 13 is to be formed as a mixing valve.
  • Fig. 3 the heat pump assembly 1 is shown in a pure cooling mode.
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit passes after expansion in the expansion valve 10 to a direct evaporator 15, which is integrated in parallel to the heat exchanger 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in the refrigerant circuit and absorbs heat from the room and transmits to the refrigerant.
  • a flow of the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 7 is prevented by closing the expansion valve 9. So there is no Heat transfer to the heating circuit 3.
  • the four-way switching valve 6 is switched so that the refrigerant is fed to the compressor 5 and then to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 after the direct evaporator 15. After there heat dissipation and further lowering the temperature by means of the expansion valve 10, the refrigerant then returns to the direct evaporator 15 with a low temperature level and can again absorb heat from the room.
  • Fig. 4 the heat pump assembly 1 is shown in the cooling mode with additional supply of the hot water storage heater 14 with heat.
  • the recorded heat in the direct evaporator 15 from the room air is not as in the example according to Fig. 3 transferred to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, but promoted to the heat exchanger 7 and from there via the heating circuit 3 to the hot water storage heater 14. This makes it possible to continue to use the heat absorbed during cooling.
  • the corresponding guidance of the refrigerant is achieved by the corresponding position of the four-way valve 6. By such a procedure, the efficiency of the heat pump assembly increases by about 30%.
  • Heat can be supplied via a water-based heat distribution system in the heating case by the heat pump arrangement according to the invention, wherein in the cooling case, the heat is removed from the room to the direct evaporator 15.
  • the heat absorbed in the cooling mode can be used. In this case, cooling with simultaneous heat supply of the heating circuit 3 by utilizing the heat absorbed from the space to be cooled is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Système de pompe à chaleur comprenant un circuit de refroidissement (2) et un circuit de chauffage (3) comportant une pompe (11) refoulant un fluide caloporteur, lesquels circuits sont reliés l'un à l'autre de manière à transmettre de la chaleur par le biais d'un échangeur de chaleur (7), au moins un échangeur de chaleur externe (4) et un compresseur (5) étant disposés dans le circuit de refroidissement (2) et le circuit de chauffage (3) comprenant au moins un consommateur de chaleur (12) et/ou un chauffe-eau à accumulation (14),
    au moins un évaporateur direct (15) étant disposé dans le circuit de refroidissement (2) parallèlement à l'échangeur de chaleur (7) ou à l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4) en fonction du mode de fonctionnement, une soupape d'inversion à quatre voies (6) étant disposée dans le circuit de refroidissement (2), soupape à laquelle sont raccordés l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4), le compresseur (5), l'échangeur de chaleur (7) et l'évaporateur direct (15), caractérisé en ce que la soupape d'inversion à quatre voies (6) est réalisée de telle sorte que le réfrigérant :
    - est, dans un mode de chauffage avec ou sans production d'eau chaude, guidé au moyen de la soupape d'inversion à quatre voies (6) de l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4) au compresseur (5) et du compresseur (5) à l'échangeur de chaleur (7),
    - est, dans le mode de refroidissement sans production d'eau chaude, guidé au moyen de la soupape d'inversion à quatre voies (6) du compresseur (5) à l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4), le réfrigérant allant de l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4) au compresseur (5) par le biais de l'évaporateur direct (15),
    - est, dans le mode de refroidissement avec production d'eau chaude, guidé au moyen de la soupape d'inversion à quatre voies (6) du compresseur (5) à l'échangeur de chaleur (7), le réfrigérant allant de l'échangeur de chaleur (7) au compresseur (5) par le biais de l'évaporateur direct (15) et de l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4).
  2. Système de pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une première soupape de détente (8) est montée en amont de l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4) et/ou une deuxième soupape de détente (10) est montée en amont de l'évaporateur direct (15) .
  3. Système de pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une troisième soupape de détente (9) est montée en aval de l'échangeur de chaleur (7).
  4. Système de pompe à chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape de commutation à 3 voies (13) est disposée dans le circuit de chauffage (3), par le biais de laquelle le consommateur de chaleur (12) et le chauffe-eau à accumulation (14) sont raccordés à l'échangeur de chaleur, la soupape de commutation à 3 voies (13) étant réalisée en particulier sous forme de soupape d'inversion à 3 voies ou de soupape de mélange à 3 voies.
  5. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    un évaporateur direct (15) étant installé dans un espace à climatiser,
    l'évaporateur direct (15) étant intégré dans un circuit de refroidissement (2) parallèlement à un échangeur de chaleur (7) ou à un échangeur de chaleur externe (4) en fonction du mode de fonctionnement,
    le réfrigérant étant guidé du compresseur (5) à l'échangeur de chaleur (7) par le biais d'une soupape d'inversion (6) dans un mode de chauffage et de la chaleur étant transmise à un fluide de chauffage du circuit de chauffage (3) dans l'échangeur de chaleur (7), la chaleur étant fournie à l'espace à climatiser par le biais d'au moins un consommateur de chaleur (12) du circuit de chauffage (3),
    de la chaleur étant reçue par l'évaporateur direct (15) à partir de l'espace à climatiser dans un mode de refroidissement et transmise au réfrigérant, la chaleur étant fournie par le réfrigérant par le biais de l'échangeur de chaleur (7), et
    de la chaleur supplémentaire étant fournie au réfrigérant par le biais de l'échangeur de chaleur externe (4), laquelle chaleur supplémentaire est fournie au fluide de chauffage dans l'échangeur de chaleur (7).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que, dans le mode de refroidissement, de la chaleur reçue au moyen de l'évaporateur direct (15) est utilisée pour chauffer au moins un autre dispositif de chauffage, en particulier d'un chauffe-eau à accumulation.
EP13811396.4A 2012-12-17 2013-11-28 Système de pompe à chaleur et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur Active EP2932168B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012024577.7A DE102012024577A1 (de) 2012-12-17 2012-12-17 Wärmepumpenanordnung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Wärmepumpenanordnung
PCT/EP2013/074953 WO2014095290A1 (fr) 2012-12-17 2013-11-28 Système de pompe à chaleur et procéder pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2932168A1 EP2932168A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
EP2932168B1 true EP2932168B1 (fr) 2019-02-20

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EP13811396.4A Active EP2932168B1 (fr) 2012-12-17 2013-11-28 Système de pompe à chaleur et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pompe à chaleur

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EP (1) EP2932168B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012024577A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014095290A1 (fr)

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CN104776637A (zh) * 2015-04-27 2015-07-15 东南大学 一种基于风冷机组的热回收装置
DE102017202524A1 (de) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh System mit einer Klimatisierungseinrichtung und einer Brauchwassereinrichtung

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KR100442392B1 (ko) * 2001-12-20 2004-07-30 엘지전자 주식회사 한 쌍의 실외열교환기를 구비한 냉난방 겸용 공기조화기
JP4411870B2 (ja) * 2003-06-13 2010-02-10 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷凍装置
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Publication number Publication date
EP2932168A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
WO2014095290A1 (fr) 2014-06-26
DE102012024577A1 (de) 2014-06-18

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