EP2431670A2 - Système de chauffage - Google Patents

Système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2431670A2
EP2431670A2 EP11007359A EP11007359A EP2431670A2 EP 2431670 A2 EP2431670 A2 EP 2431670A2 EP 11007359 A EP11007359 A EP 11007359A EP 11007359 A EP11007359 A EP 11007359A EP 2431670 A2 EP2431670 A2 EP 2431670A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
latent heat
heat
radiator
heat storage
electric heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11007359A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hm Heizkorper & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Hm Heizkorper & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hm Heizkorper & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Hm Heizkorper & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP2431670A2 publication Critical patent/EP2431670A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/04—Electric heating systems using electric heating of heat-transfer fluid in separate units of the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/32—Heat sources or energy sources involving multiple heat sources in combination or as alternative heat sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
    • F24D2220/2009—Radiators
    • F24D2220/2054—Panel radiators with or without extended convection surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/06—Portable or mobile, e.g. collapsible

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for heating, in particular for heating buildings or mobile units, wherein the system comprises at least one radiator, in particular at least one panel radiator, in which a heat transfer fluid is receivable or can be flowed through by a heat transfer fluid, and at least one electric heater.
  • radiators of various types for heating buildings Common are radiators, which are flowed through by a warm heat carrier fluid. These heat transfer fluids release heat to the radiator, which in turn emits heat to the room air. When heat is applied to the radiator, the temperature of the heat transfer medium decreases, which in turn is then reheated, for example, by a burner or the like.
  • the heat transfer fluid is often water, optionally with additives used.
  • radiators are known from the prior art, which have an electric heater. These radiators can alternatively or additionally to electric heating according to the above principle, ie by means of a warm heat transfer medium heat to the environment or to the room air, etc. deliver.
  • Such mixed or hybrid heaters thus work on the one hand like normal radiators of a hot water system, ie with flow and return and optionally with a thermostatic valve, but on the other hand, for example via a collector tube and an immersion heater therein with electrical connection, which operates independently of the hot water.
  • the present invention has for its object to develop a system of the type mentioned in an advantageous manner.
  • the system further comprises at least one latent heat storage having at least one storage container in which a latent heat storage medium is located, wherein the latent heat storage via at least one supply line in such a way with the said radiator is in communication that in at least one operating state of the system Heat of the latent heat storage can be supplied to the radiator.
  • the latent heat storage medium gives off heat and that this heat is used to achieve the desired heating of a room, etc. by means of the radiator.
  • said heat transfer fluid in particular water or a water mixture in the latent heat storage absorbs heat and then at least partially releases it when flowing through said radiator, whereby the desired heating is achieved.
  • Such latent heat storage are used to store heat energy, for example in summer, and to use the heat energy for heating, especially in winter.
  • This heat storage is done by the latent heat storage medium, which may be, for example, a salt mixture and on the one hand so-called sensible heat and the other at the phase transition can give off accumulating heat.
  • the sensible, ie sensible, heat is the heat content of the latent heat storage medium that can be released without the phase change of the latent heat storage medium occurring.
  • the system's latent heat storage medium under normal operating conditions undergoes a solid / liquid and liquid / solid phase change.
  • the latent heat storage medium initially emits, for example, the sensible heat and, if appropriate, also the latent heat stored in the latent heat storage medium, in winter or when heating is required.
  • the latent heat accumulator communicates via at least one supply line with the radiator in such a way that in at least one operating state of the system, the heat of the latent heat accumulator is transferable to the radiator.
  • one or the above-mentioned heat carrier fluid can be used, which absorbs heat in the latent heat storage and emits heat in the radiator.
  • the latent heat store or its storage container can be, for example, a stainless steel container in which the salt mixture filling or another suitable latent heat storage medium is located.
  • the system not only has a permeable by a heat transfer fluid or a heat transfer fluid receiving radiator, but in addition at least one electric heater.
  • this electric heating can partially or completely take over the heat supply, if necessary. This may for example be the case in extreme weather conditions, as explained above, d. H. For example, in a very cold winter and at a longer time not existing possibility of charging the latent heat storage.
  • said electric heater is part of the radiator. It is particularly preferred if the radiator has a region (such as a pipe) for receiving the electric heater.
  • This receptacle and / or the heating element (s), which can be provided as such or which are arranged in at least one or more of the receptacles, can thus form a component, preferably an integral part of said heating element.
  • the invention also encompasses the case in which the actual radiator which can be flowed through by a heat transfer fluid or receives it and the electric heater form two units which are spatially separate from one another. Also in this case, the above-described object is solvable to ensure sufficient heating even in the event that the latent heat storage system is no longer able to provide enough heat available.
  • the electric heater comprises at least one tube, preferably at least one collector tube, in which there is at least one heating element, wherein it is preferably provided that the heating element is in contact with the heat transfer fluid. It is the use of one or more heating elements conceivable. These heating elements have a corresponding electrical connection, so that they can be supplied with power if necessary, in order then to be able to provide the desired heat development in turn.
  • the heating element is not separated from the heat carrier fluid, but is in direct contact with it. It is conceivable to arrange the tube or the heating element so that it is flowed around or flowed through by the heat transfer fluid and thus in contact therewith. If the heating element is not in operation, of course, no temperature is introduced into the heat transfer fluid. On the other hand, when the electric heater is in operation, the heat transfer fluid is warmed up. The heat is then transferred to the radiator itself and from it to the room air or to the area to be heated.
  • the heating element is not directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, but in another way, a heating of the room air or a heating of the radiator makes. So it is conceivable that the electric heater heats a part of the radiator itself, which in turn gives off heat to the environment.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the tube which receives the at least one heating element, or the at least one heating element itself is an integral part of the radiator, in particular a panel radiator. Due to the integral arrangement of the at least one collector tube or the heating element there is the advantage of a comparatively simple production. In this case, the tube or the collector tube, which receives the at least one heating element, and / or the heating element can be made equal to the production of the radiator. It then only requires the connection of the heating element or rods to a power supply or to a control or regulating device.
  • An embodiment of the invention is also conceivable in which the receptacle and / or the heating element are detachable from the heating element, that is, they are not permanently connected to it.
  • the system has at least one control or regulating device which is designed such that it activates the electric heater or increases its power when the heating power provided by the latent heat storage is insufficient.
  • the control or regulating device regulates the electric heater as a function of at least one parameter, such as the temperature or the phase state, the latent heat storage medium and / or in dependence of at least one parameter of the radiator, such as the difference of actual temperature and setpoint value or controls.
  • the control or regulating device thus essentially has the task of determining whether the heating power provided by the at least one latent heat accumulator is sufficient. If this is not the case, it activates the at least one electric heater or causes its power increase. It is conceivable, for example, that the temperature setpoint specified by a user on a thermostatic valve is determined and compared with a temperature actual value. If it is found that the discrepancy between the target and the actual value exceeds or even increases over a longer period of time because the latent heat storage system is exhausted, in any case can no longer provide the desired heat output, it can be provided that the control unit and / or control unit, the at least one electric heater is switched on.
  • Another possibility is to provide means by which it can be seen that the latent heat storage or the latent heat have already deliver the latent heat. This is also an indication that the heat energy of the latent heat storage is largely or completely exhausted. This can be detected by the control and / or regulating unit or by means associated therewith and the at least one electric heater can be activated accordingly or adjusted in their performance.
  • the system comprises at least one control or regulating device which is designed such that the heating is carried out in at least one operating state of the system both by means of the heat transfer fluid and by means of the electric heater.
  • the present invention is not limited to “either-or-operation", although such operation is encompassed by the invention, but also includes the case where heat is provided on the one hand by the at least one electric heater and, on the other hand, by the heat transfer fluid ,
  • the system comprises at least one control or regulating device which is designed such that the heating is carried out in at least one operating state of the system only by means of the heat transfer fluid or only by means of the electric heater. If, for example, enough heat energy is available in the latent heat store (s), there is no need to use the electric heater per se. In this case, it is conceivable to carry out the heating only by means of the heat transfer fluid. On the other hand, it is possible to carry out the heating only via the at least one electric heater, in particular when it can be seen that the heat content of the latent heat storage or storage is no longer sufficient to ensure effective heating.
  • An application of the electric heater is alternatively or additionally to the heat input by means of a heat transfer medium into consideration, if a rapid heating is desired, for example, if the difference between the temperature setpoint and - value is particularly large or exceeds a limit.
  • the control unit can be designed to recognize this need and then to control or regulate the electric heater accordingly.
  • the radiator has at least one valve, by means of which the flow through the radiator can be prevented by the heat transfer fluid and / or by means of the supply or discharge line of the radiator, by means of which the radiator the heat transfer fluid and / is discharged, is shut off.
  • the radiator has at least one valve, by means of which the flow through the radiator can be prevented by the heat transfer fluid and / or by means of the supply or discharge line of the radiator, by means of which the radiator the heat transfer fluid and / is discharged, is shut off.
  • the present invention encompasses the case where the system has exactly one latent heat accumulator, as well as the case where a plurality of latent heat accumulators is provided, which can be operated simultaneously or sequentially, i. Can provide heat.
  • one or more latent heat storage can be added, should the sensible or latent heat of a latent heat storage is insufficient.
  • latent heat accumulators can be switched as required so that, for example, first the so-called sensible heat is dissipated. Only when this can no longer be dissipated in all latent heat storage, it can be provided that the latent heat, for example, is triggered by triggering a crystallization process in a latent heat storage and is then available. Once a latent heat storage has delivered the latent heat, it can be provided that this process is then continued in the next latent heat storage, etc. Also a simultaneous delivery of the sensible or latent heat of several latent heat storage is possible.
  • the electric heater can be switched on.
  • the heat transfer fluid which conducts the heat from the latent heat storage or stores to the one or more radiators, can be controlled by appropriate valves.
  • the valve control in turn can be made by a control unit.
  • the latent heat accumulator may be in communication with a line system having one or more supply lines for supplying heat into the latent heat storage device and / or one or more discharge lines for removing heat from the latent heat storage device (s). It is conceivable, for example, to connect the supply lines with a solar system or with another source of energy, such as a burner for fossil fuels to "charge" the latent heat storage or, d. H. to supply this heat. In this case, in the event that the latent heat storage medium is already present in the crystallized state, a melting of the crystallized medium take place and then in case of need, a further increase in temperature above the melting point addition. In the opposite case (heat removal from the latent heat storage or the) can be provided that first the sensible heat is dissipated and then the latent heat, which may optionally be present before the phase transition, a supercooled melt.
  • the line system comprises one or more valves by means of which at least one supply line to at least one of the latent heat storage and / or at least one discharge line from at least one of the latent heat storage can be shut off or changed in flow.
  • a control or regulating unit may be provided, which is in communication with the valve or valves and is designed such that they control these according to demand.
  • the signal of one or more sensors can be used, which report a corresponding need for heat dissipation or for loading the latent heat storage.
  • the system can be operated in a first operating mode, in which the sensible heat of the latent heat storage medium is used and that it can be operated in a second operating mode, in which the heat of fusion of the latent heat storage medium or the latent heat the medium is used.
  • the choice of operating mode can be automatic or manual. It is conceivable to switch from the first to the second operating mode when the sensible heat is exhausted.
  • the system has at least one heat circuit whose constituents form on the one hand the heating element and on the other hand the latent heat accumulator, so that said heat transfer fluid can flow from the latent heat accumulator to the radiator and / or back from the radiator to the latent heat accumulator.
  • the invention is not limited to a radiator, but may include a plurality or a plurality of radiators, which are optionally distributed in a building or the like.
  • the system may also include means for charging, i. H. have to heat in the latent heat storage or the.
  • a heat source is a solar system or, for example, a burner for the combustion of fuels, especially wood, wood pellets, oil or gas into consideration.
  • Other energy sources that can serve to heat the latent heat storage are basically suitable. It is conceivable to first carry out the loading of the latent heat store with the lowest or a relatively low heat content and then switch over to the loading of a further latent heat store.
  • the invention further relates to a building or a mobile unit, such as a caravan, motor vehicle or the like, which is embodied with at least one system according to one of claims 1 to 14.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a view from the narrow side of a mix or HybridHeizoasa 10, which is a plate heater 10 in the embodiment shown here.
  • the present invention is not limited to a panel heater 10, but also includes other heaters such as tubular heaters, passive and active heaters, etc.
  • it is a radiator 10 of the type 21, ie, a radiator with two spaced plates 11, 12 for receiving / guiding the heat transfer medium.
  • the in FIG. 1 radiator shown has a Kovetechnischsblech 13, which has the task of delivering the heat to the air flowing through the radiator 10 air.
  • radiators especially other panel radiators, such as panel radiators type 20, ie plate radiator without convection plate and two plates, type 22, ie plate radiator with two plates and two Konvekomsblechen, such as plate radiators with only a plate carrying the heat transfer medium with or without convection plate conceivable.
  • connection points 14, 14 ', 15 and 15' are marked connection points for the supply and removal of the heat transfer medium.
  • the radiator 10 may also have more than two such connection points. Their use ultimately depends on the installation situation in which the radiator 10 is used.
  • the plates 11, 12 are traversed by warm heat transfer medium, in particular water or provided with suitable additives water.
  • the water releases the heat to the plates 11, 12 of the radiator and this heat to the convection plate 13 and to the ambient air.
  • the convection plate 13 defines a plurality of flow openings 18, as shown FIG. 3 which shows a type 22 plate heat exchanger. Through these channels 18, the air flows, heats up and exits the top of the radiator 10 again.
  • the plates 11, 12 may in turn be made flat or with depressions, as for example from the FIGS. 2 and 3 evident. These recesses may serve to define within the plates 11, 12 certain flow channels for the heat transfer medium, which in FIG. 3 designated by the reference numeral 19.
  • a plate 11, 12 may consist of two mutually connected in a suitable manner, preferably welded sheets.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment it is in the radiator according to FIGS. 2 and 3 a type 22 radiator, ie a radiator with two plates 11, 12 carrying the heat transfer medium and with two convection plates 13, 13 '. These convection plates are connected to the plates 11, 12 in connection, so that a particularly good heat transfer can take place.
  • a type 22 radiator ie a radiator with two plates 11, 12 carrying the heat transfer medium and with two convection plates 13, 13 '.
  • These convection plates are connected to the plates 11, 12 in connection, so that a particularly good heat transfer can take place.
  • a valve is arranged, which is not shown in the drawing and by means of which the flow through the radiator 10 can be prevented by the heat transfer fluid.
  • a tube 30 As this particular from the FIGS. 2 and 3 It can be seen, for example, extends in the lower portion of the plate radiator 10, a tube 30.
  • This tube 30 may extend over the entire length or a portion of the length of the radiator 10.
  • a tube 30 several such tubes can be used. These serve to hold one or more heating elements, not shown, which are in turn connected to an electrical connection, so that they can deliver heat in the current-carrying state to the heat transfer fluid.
  • the tube 30 is thus preferably designed so that the tube and / or directly the heating element can be flowed around by said heat transfer fluid. If it is not desired for the heating element to come into direct contact with the heat transfer fluid, it can be inserted tightly into the pipe, so that only the pipe 30, but not the heating element itself, is surrounded by the heat transfer fluid.
  • FIG. 4 shows in an exemplary embodiment, a latent heat storage 20.
  • This includes a storage container which is cylindrical in the embodiment shown here, and in which a latent heat storage medium is located.
  • This medium is preferably designed such that it performs a phase transition solid-liquid or liquid-solid at a certain temperature.
  • the latent heat storage 20 the storage container may be designed, for example, as a stainless steel vessel via a suitable heat exchanger 21, by means of which heat from a heat transfer fluid flowing through the lines 40, 50, to the latent heat storage medium can be discharged, or by means of which heat is transferred from the latent heat storage medium to the heat transfer fluid.
  • valves 60 are shown, which control the supply and removal of the heat transfer medium in the latent heat storage 20 and from the latent heat storage 20. The control of these valves 60 is preferably carried out by means of a suitable control or regulating device.
  • the lines 40, 50 preferably form part of a circuit for the heat transfer medium, which also flows through the radiator 10, if it is to be heated.
  • the lines 40, 50 or other lines can also be used to enter heat, for example, from a solar system or from any other heat source, such as a burner in the latent heat storage 20.
  • the heat transfer medium for example water flows through the lines 40 in the heat exchanger 21 is heated therein by the latent heat storage medium surrounding the heat exchanger 21 partially or completely, and then in the heated state via the line 50 leaves the latent heat storage 20 again.
  • the heat transfer medium for example water flows through the lines 40 in the heat exchanger 21 is heated therein by the latent heat storage medium surrounding the heat exchanger 21 partially or completely, and then in the heated state via the line 50 leaves the latent heat storage 20 again.
  • the heat transfer medium for example water flows through the lines 40 in the heat exchanger 21 is heated therein by the latent heat storage medium surrounding the heat exchanger 21 partially or completely, and then in the heated state via the line 50 leaves the latent heat storage 20 again.
  • the example in the FIGS. 1 to 3 flow through radiator 10 shown.
  • radiator 10 There it gives off the heat in the desired manner to the environment or to the room air, is thereby cooled and then passes via the line 40 back to the latent heat storage 20, so that the circuit is closed as a whole.
  • the sensible heat ie the heat of the latent heat storage medium not caused by a phase change
  • the latent heat is now released by a suitable triggering process or mechanism and then likewise available for heating the heat transfer fluid ,
  • the step of the phase change can also be provided that in the case of multiple latent heat storage 20 first, the sensible heat of one or all other latent heat storage is used before the latent heat of the memory or 20 is utilized.
  • the electric heater which is located in the tube 30, is activated. This electric heater 30 then heats the heat transfer fluid contained in the radiator 10 or the radiator 10 itself, so that the desired heating power is then provided via the electric heater.
  • the use of the electric heater can already take place even when heat from the latent heat storage or 20 is supplied to the radiator 10, but this heat is no longer sufficient, for example, to achieve a desired target temperature. It is also possible to switch on the electric heater in case of need, for example, if a particularly rapid heating is required. In these cases, the heating is cumulative, d. H. provided on the one hand by the electric heater and on the other hand by the heat transfer fluid.
  • the latent heat accumulator 20 or are exhausted ie no or no usable heat can give more that the heating of the room or the like is carried out exclusively on the at least one electric heater.
  • the choice of the appropriate operating state for example, be made by a control or regulating unit that makes a decision depending on certain parameters, for example, depending on a difference between the actual and target value, whether the electric heater should be switched on or take over the heating alone should.
  • the flow through the radiator 10 is prevented with heat transfer fluid when the electric heater is turned on and the heating operation is performed exclusively on the electric heater.
  • it can be prevented by shutting off the flow of the heat transfer medium that the heat energy introduced by the electric heater flows from the radiator with the heat transfer fluid in the heat cycle, without being used effectively on the radiator 10 itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP11007359A 2010-09-15 2011-09-09 Système de chauffage Withdrawn EP2431670A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010045399 DE102010045399A1 (de) 2010-09-15 2010-09-15 Heizungssystem

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2431670A2 true EP2431670A2 (fr) 2012-03-21

Family

ID=44582009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11007359A Withdrawn EP2431670A2 (fr) 2010-09-15 2011-09-09 Système de chauffage

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2431670A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010045399A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104422014B (zh) * 2013-08-27 2017-09-26 大连海蓝科技有限公司 远红外线暖板

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104422014B (zh) * 2013-08-27 2017-09-26 大连海蓝科技有限公司 远红外线暖板

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Publication number Publication date
DE102010045399A1 (de) 2012-03-15

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