EP2922444A1 - Möbelplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Möbelplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2922444A1 EP2922444A1 EP13799232.7A EP13799232A EP2922444A1 EP 2922444 A1 EP2922444 A1 EP 2922444A1 EP 13799232 A EP13799232 A EP 13799232A EP 2922444 A1 EP2922444 A1 EP 2922444A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base plate
- cake
- furniture
- plate
- furniture panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B96/00—Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
- A47B96/20—Furniture panels or like furniture elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biocompatible furniture board for a furniture and shelving system and a manufacturing method thereof.
- MDF boards medium-density fiberboard
- chipboard which are also known as flat-pressed plates, of very different composition.
- An MDF board which is used for the furniture (emission class El), consists in its composition mostly of 80- 83% wood, 9-10.5% glue, 0.5-2.5% additives and 6-8 % of water.
- urea-formaldehyde resins or PUR resins are added to glue the fibers.
- Formaldehyde has been shown to have toxic properties - they are carcinogenic and can cause allergies.
- MDF boards and chipboards are therefore allowed to release only a small amount of formaldehyde. In addition, MDF boards and chipboard can not be fully biodegraded.
- the present invention proposes a furniture board for a furniture and shelving system according to claim 1, a piece of furniture according to claim 11 and a method for producing a furniture board according to claim 12.
- a furniture panel for a furniture and shelving system.
- the furniture panel comprises a base plate consisting of a bioplastic as a matrix material and at least one embedded in the matrix material filling material, wherein the at least one filling material consists of a biocompatible mineral and / or was produced from renewable raw materials.
- the base plate and thus the furniture panel on the one hand mechanically highly resilient and on the other hand, completely harmless to health and at the end of their life cycle fully compostable.
- the manufacturing process of the furniture plate or the base plate can be made such that the production of the highest standards regarding sustainability and health harmless enough.
- filling material made of a biocompatible mineral or from renewable raw materials and the use of bioplastics as the matrix material of the base plate or as a binder during the production of the base plate can be dispensed with the addition of petroleum-based additives such as flow agents, adhesion promoters, and flame retardants.
- the base plate and the furniture plate typically contain neither petroleum-based polymeric binders such as PVC, polyolefins, EVA, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins nor environmentally harmful conventional additives such as plasticizers of the phthalate group, superplasticizers of synthetic waxes, halogen and / or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, metal-containing stabilizers, synthetic UV absorbers and the like.
- PVC polymeric binders
- EVA polyacrylates
- polymethacrylates phenolic resins
- phenolic resins urea resins
- melamine resins nor environmentally harmful conventional additives
- plasticizers of the phthalate group superplasticizers of synthetic waxes, halogen and / or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, metal-containing stabilizers, synthetic UV absorbers and the like.
- the base plate and the furniture panel typically contain no toxicological substances such as non-mineral fungicides, insecticides or antibacterial substances, in particular no volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde.
- the biocontainer may be biodegradable and thermoplastically processable bioplastics such as PLA, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and cellulose acetate (CA) or cellulose triacetate (CTA) or mixtures thereof.
- the biocarbon may be a so-called PHB blend whose material properties can be modified by addition of corresponding proportions of CA or CAT to PHB.
- the filler may be a biocompatible mineral such as talc or chalk.
- the filler material may also have been produced from renewable raw materials.
- the filling material may be particulate material, fibrous material or a fabric, eg a nonwoven fabric.
- the term "filler" is used for all additives to the biopolymer, regardless of size, geometry and consistency of the additives.
- the filling material can be made of vegetable fibers such as wood fibers, cellulose fibers, and / or fibers of hemp, jute, flax, kenaf, sisal, bamboo, abaca, ramie, coconut, stinging nettle, kapok, cotton, banana, and / or pineapple, cereal husks such as spelled husks and rice husks, ground cereal husks, plant shives such as hemp shives and flax shives, biopolymer fibers, eg PLA fibers, and / or a nonwoven fabric of vegetable fibers and / or biopolymer fibers, e.g. PLA fibers.
- vegetable fibers such as wood fibers, cellulose fibers, and / or fibers of hemp, jute, flax, kenaf, sisal, bamboo, abaca, ramie, coconut, stinging nettle, kapok, cotton, banana, and / or pineapple
- cereal husks such
- the base plate can be made mechanically stable and inexpensive.
- the base plate can be produced particularly cost-effectively when using waste agricultural residues such as husks and shives as filling material.
- the base plate is very light with the same stability due to the intelligent use of natural materials, which can also reduce both transport costs and energy consumption.
- the volume fraction of the filler may be between 10% -80%, more typically between 30% -75% and even more typically between 50% -75%.
- the base plate contains spelled husks as filling material with a volume fraction between 10% -75%, more typically with a volume fraction between 30% -75% and even more typically with a volume fraction between 50% -75%. Due to the silica present in the spelled husks, a natural protection against pest infestation can be guaranteed.
- a concentration of the at least one filling material is increased in the vicinity of one or more surfaces of the base plate.
- the mechanical stability for example the bending strength of the base plate
- the base plate can be made thinner and thus more cost-effective while maintaining the same stability.
- the freeness of a particulate filler near one or more surfaces of the base plate may be increased.
- the base plate forms a base plate and / or a cover plate of the furniture plate.
- the furniture panel is a composite panel comprising a corrugated or honeycomb structure connected to a base plate and / or a cover plate made of paper, paperboard, a bioplastic or a bio-fabric having at least one embedded filler material, the at least one filler material comprising a biocompatible mineral and / or was produced from renewable resources.
- This can provide a biocompatible furniture panel that is fully compostable.
- a piece of furniture comprises one or more such furniture panels. This allows the construction of furniture or shelves that meet the highest standards in terms of sustainability and health safety.
- a method for producing a furniture panel comprises the steps of mixing a filler, typically a particulate filler, with a powder of a bioplastic to produce a mixture, forming a plate-shaped cake using the mixture, and forming a base plate from the plate-shaped cake in a hot press.
- the filling material consists of a biocompatible mineral and / or was produced from renewable raw materials.
- the filler material may include talc, chalk, biopolymer fibers, plant fibers, plant shives, grain husks, and / or ground cereal hides.
- the filling material may contain spelled husks or consist of spelled husks, such that the plate-shaped cake spelled husks with a volume fraction between 10% - 75%, more typically with a volume fraction between 30% -75% and even more typically with a volume fraction between 50% - 75%.
- spelled husks or consist of spelled husks, such that the plate-shaped cake spelled husks with a volume fraction between 10% - 75%, more typically with a volume fraction between 30% -75% and even more typically with a volume fraction between 50% - 75%.
- a safe, sustainable and mechanically highly resilient material can be produced, which is suitable for the construction of furniture and shelves, which can be dispensed with ecologically and / or harmful to health additives.
- the desired mechanical properties by the type of preparation of the filler for example, a suitable fiber processing, and / or the ratio of pressing pressure, feed and Temperature when forming the base plate are set from the plate-shaped cake in the hot press.
- the filler is mechanically processed and / or dried prior to mixing.
- the resulting mixture can be used directly to form the plate-shaped cake or first transferred to granules which can also be stored temporarily.
- the granules consist of filler particles, e.g. Husks surrounded by a layer of the biopolymer.
- the layer of biopolymer may also contain another filler, e.g. a fibrous filler such as jute fibers.
- particulate fillers of different freeness, grain size and / or different material can be mixed with the powder of the bioplastic.
- granular and fibrous filling materials can be mixed with the powder of the bioplastic.
- the powder of the bioplastic may consist of PLA, PHB or CA, but it is also possible to use a powder mixture of at least two of these bioplastics, e.g. a PHB blend powder.
- the plate-shaped cake is spread by sprinkling, e.g. Sprinkling or spreading, the mixture or granules produced.
- the stoke or scattering height is typically about three to five times the desired thickness of the base plate, for example about 6 mm to about 150 mm for the typically about 2 mm to about 30 mm thick base plates.
- the formation of the cake comprises the sprinkling of a further filling material which has a greater granularity than the mixture or the granulate.
- the cake is formed without the use of additional flow agents or adhesion promoters.
- forming the cake comprises introducing, for example, placing a nonwoven fabric of vegetable fibers and / or biopolymer fibers as a middle layer into the cake. As a result, the mechanical stability of the base plate to be manufactured can be increased widely.
- forming the baseplate includes the steps of preheating the cake in a preheat zone, eg, in a through air oven having a first temperature, and passing the cake through a hot press zone having a second temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature the first temperature is.
- the first and second temperatures are chosen so that existing proteins do not burn.
- the first temperature is typically in the range of about 130 ° C to about 200 ° C, more typically in the range of about 140 ° C to about 150 ° C.
- the second temperature is typically in the range of about 130 ° C to about 200 ° C., more typically in a range of about 150.degree. C. to about 180.degree. C.
- the first temperature is below a melting temperature of the bioplastic and the second temperature is higher.
- Preheating can reduce press time, thereby increasing throughput and reducing both energy and cost.
- the cake typically passes through the preheat and hot press zones in about 1 to 3 minutes.
- the hot press zone eg, the hot press zone of a double belt press
- the cake is typically exposed to line pressures of about 50-100 N / cm and a surface pressure of at most 3 bar (3 * 10 5 Pa).
- the cake is isobarically pressed in a press, for example a combination press or by means of a hydraulic pressure pad, at pressures of typically about 5 to 20 bar, ie at about 5 * 10 5 Pa - 2 * 10 6 Pa.
- the cake is typically cooled in a cooling zone before being cut into one or more base plates of the desired plate size.
- the suitable spreader for spreading the mixture or granules in a continuous system, such as an automatic or semi-automatic plant, the suitable spreader for spreading the mixture or granules, a preheating zone, eg a through air oven, a hot press zone, eg a double belt press, an isobaric press zone, eg a belt press, a cooling zone and a cutting zone.
- a preheating zone eg a through air oven
- a hot press zone eg a double belt press
- an isobaric press zone eg a belt press
- a cooling zone e.g., a cooling zone and a cutting zone.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a base plate according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of a furniture panel for a furniture and shelving system according to an embodiment
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross section of a furniture panel for a furniture and shelving system according to another embodiment.
- furniture panel is intended to describe a substantially plate-shaped body with sufficient flexural strength, which is suitable for the construction of furniture and shelving systems.
- wall element as used herein is intended to describe a part of a piece of furniture made of one or more furniture panels, in particular a cupboard, a table of a chest or a shelf, for example, the wall panel may have a side wall, a bottom plate, an intermediate wall, be a cover plate, a table top, a door element or a flap element.
- Fig. 1 shows a base plate 10 in a perspective view.
- the base plate 10 consists of a bioplastic as a matrix material and one or more embedded in the matrix material filling materials, each consisting of a biocompatible mineral and / or were produced from renewable raw materials.
- the bioplastic may be a thermoplastic such as PLA, PHB, CA, CAT or a mixture of at least two of these biodegradable plastics.
- the filling material may consist of talc, chalk, plant fibers, plant shives, grain husks, and / or ground grain husks.
- the base plate 10 is mechanically stable over long periods of time. In this case, the use of petroleum-based products as matrix material or filling material of the base plate 10 can be completely dispensed with.
- a non-woven fabric of vegetable fibers and / or biopolymer fiber, e.g. made of PLA fibers, embedded in the matrix material typically as a middle insert between a top surface 15 and a bottom surface opposite the top surface 15.
- the base plate 10 can be used directly as a side wall, bottom wall, intermediate wall, shelf for a piece of furniture or shelf, or form a supporting part of such a wall element.
- the base plate 10 may also serve as a starting body for the production of doors and flaps of a piece of furniture or shelf.
- the base plate 10 can serve as a starting body for the production of composite furniture panels.
- the thickness d of the base plate 10 may be in a range of about 2 mm to about 30 mm, more typically in a range of about 3 mm to about 20 mm.
- the base plate 10 Due to its construction and its composition, the base plate 10 is on the one hand mechanically highly resilient and on the other hand completely harmless to health and completely biodegradable at the end of its life cycle, e.g. fully compostable.
- the volume fraction of the filling materials can be 10% -80%.
- the very cost-effective waste products such as shives and grain husks can be used as filler.
- the concentration of the filling material may be increased in the vicinity of the surfaces, ie in the vicinity of the top surface 15, the bottom surface and / or the side surfaces arranged therebetween, the base plate 10. Thereby, the stability of the base plate 10 can be further increased.
- spelled husks can be used as filling material with a volume fraction between 10% -75%. Due to their silica content, natural protection of the base plate 10 against bacterial, fungal and insect infestation can be ensured by the spelled husks.
- Such a base plate 10 can therefore also be used in a temporarily moister environment, for example in the kitchen area, whereby even then the use of synthetic toxicologically active substances can be dispensed with.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section of a composite furniture panel 100 for a furniture and shelving system.
- two base plates 10, 20, as explained above with reference to FIG. 1 form a base plate 20 and a cover plate 10, respectively, of the composite furniture plate 100.
- a corrugated and / or honeycomb-shaped structure 30 is arranged between the base plate 20 and the cover plate 10.
- the structure 30 may be made of paper or paperboard but also of a correspondingly shaped plate made of a bioplastic or a biocomponent having at least one embedded filling material, wherein the at least one filling material consists of a biocompatible mineral and / or was produced from renewable raw materials.
- the structure 30 may be formed by thermoforming a base plate as discussed above with reference to FIG.
- the structure 30 may also be readily formed into the desired corrugated structure during manufacture, e.g. in a suitable hot press.
- the structure 30 may simply be thermally bonded to the base plate 20 and the cover plate 10.
- the structure 30 can also be bonded to the base plate 20 and the cover plate 10 by means of a biologically completely degradable adhesive, for example based on soybean oil or sunflower oil.
- the structure 30 can also be bonded to the base plate 20 and the cover plate 10 by adhesion by means of a PLA film under pressure and heat (melt bonding).
- the process of hot melt bonding can also be integrated into a continuous process on the double belt press.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross section of a composite furniture panel 200.
- the composite furniture panel 200 is similar to the composite panel 100 explained with reference to Fig. 2, but differs in end portions 17. There, the base panel 20 and the cover panel 10 of the composite furniture panel 200 are connected to each other.
- the composite furniture panel 200 has particularly stable and robust lateral edges.
- the composite furniture panels 100, 200 are completely harmless to health and completely biodegradable, e.g. fully compostable.
- natural fiber components such as vegetable fibers (long fiber component) and raw pelts, e.g. Spelled husks, pre-dried.
- raw pelts e.g. Spelled husks
- the quality of the base plate to be manufactured can be improved.
- both plant fibers and husks are used as fillers of the base plate to be made.
- raw husks When using raw husks, these are typically mechanically processed after drying for the subsequent scattering process. This typically involves grinding the raw husks according to the desired grinding degree (s). Subsequently, the resulting glaze powder is mixed with a powder of a thermoplastic biopolymer, e.g. a PLA powder mixed to produce one or more matrix powders. Typically, biopolymer powders having the same or at least approximately the same particle size or particle size distribution are mixed with the husk powder (s). As a result, the mechanical stability of the composite material to be formed can be increased.
- a thermoplastic biopolymer e.g. a PLA powder mixed to produce one or more matrix powders.
- biopolymer powders having the same or at least approximately the same particle size or particle size distribution are mixed with the husk powder (s).
- a statistical mixing of the matrix powder with the long fiber component can then be carried out by means of a double scatterer to form a plate-shaped cake.
- Mixing with the long fiber component is optional and increases the mechanical stability. This can be done alternatively or additionally by inserting one or more nonwovens of natural fibers and / or biopolymer fibers as the middle layer (s) of a dispenser.
- another filler with greater granularity than the matrix powder such as whole husks or popcorn, eg spelled popcorn, is added randomly via a further spreader.
- random mixing of the matrix powders of different degrees of grinding with the long fiber component can be achieved by scattering by means of several double scatterers to form the cake.
- the mixing with the long fiber component is again optional and increases the mechanical stability. This can be done alternatively or additionally by inserting one or more nonwovens of natural fibers and / or biopolymer fibers as the middle layer (s) of a dispenser.
- barrier layers premature mixing of the layers with matrix powders which contain husks of different degrees of grinding can be reliably avoided.
- low particle density fillers such as whole husks or popcorn, e.g. Spelled popcorn, be randomly mixed over another spreader.
- a second embodiment of the manufacturing process after the optional drying of the long fiber component, e.g. of Jutelang fibers, and the raw husks, e.g. the spelled husks, and the grinding of the raw husks according to the desired (e) grinding degree (s), initially formed a granulate of the ground raw furs and the thermoplastic biopolymer powder.
- the husks are coated with a layer of the biopolymer powder by mixing and if necessary gentle heating with the biopolymer powder in order to "bread" the husks.
- Agglomeration processes such as press agglomeration and melt-agglomeration are particularly suitable for this purpose.
- press agglomeration the necessary heat is generated by friction.
- the glass transition temperature is reached, the biopolymer powder adheres to the glumes.
- the suitable temperature range is between the Glass transition temperature (about 55 ° C - 60 ° C for PLA) and below the melting point (about 145 ° C-160 ° C for PLA).
- the formation of a plate-shaped cake is typically similar to the first embodiment of the manufacturing process, wherein instead of the matrix powder or the matrix powder with ground husks of different degrees of grinding, the granules or granules are used with ground husks of different degrees of grinding.
- the granules can be scattered by one or more scatterers. If it is intended to produce a lighter base plate with the same mechanical stability, which is denser near the surface than in the core region, several granules with corresponding scatterers can be scattered to form the cake.
- Nonwovens made of natural fibers and / or biopolymer fibers can be inserted as middle layer (s). It may be further provided to mix whole husks or popcorn. If several granules are used, barrier layers can also be inserted from a biopolymer film.
- first and second exemplary embodiments of the production method mixing of a filling material with a powder of a bioplastic takes place in each case for producing a mixture, wherein the filling material consists of a biocompatible mineral and / or was produced from renewable raw materials.
- the formation of a plate-shaped cake then takes place using the mixture. While in the first embodiment, the mixture is produced as a matrix powder, in the second embodiment, the mixture is produced as granules or produced from the mixture granules. To form the cake, the mixture or granules are typically scattered.
- the stoke or scattering height is typically about three to five times the desired thickness of the base plate, for example about 6 mm to about 150 mm for the typically about 2 mm to about 30 mm thick base plates, for example about 48 mm to about 80 mm for a 16 mm thick base plate.
- forming the base plate from the plate-shaped cake in a hot press typically in a double band hot press.
- the cake is typically preheated in a through-air oven at a first temperature that may be below the melting temperature of the bioplastic before the cake passes through a heating press zone having a second temperature, which is typically higher than the first temperature.
- the first temperature is typically in the range of about 130 ° C to about 200 ° C, more typically in the range of about 140 ° C to about 150 ° C.
- the second temperature is typically in the range of about 130 ° C to about 200 ° C, more typically in a range of about 150 ° C to about 180 ° C.
- the cake In the hot press zone, the cake typically line pressures of about 50-100 N / cm or a surface pressure of at most 3 bar (3 * 10 5 Pa ) exposed.
- the cake can be isobarically compacted at high pressures of 5-20 bar, e.g. in a steel band press.
- the cake After cooling the cake in a cooling zone, the cake can finally be cut into base plates of desired lengths.
- biocompatible, completely biodegradable, mechanically very stable and lightweight base plates can be produced energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
- the base plates can be used directly as furniture panels for the construction of furniture or shelves and / or, as explained above with reference to Figures 2 and 3, be used for the construction of furniture composite panels, which in turn are used for the construction of furniture or shelves , In this way, furniture and shelves that meet the highest standards in terms of sustainability and health harmless, energy-saving and environmentally friendly manufacture.
Landscapes
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012111178.2A DE102012111178A1 (de) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Bioverträgliche Möbelplatte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
PCT/EP2013/074160 WO2014086578A1 (de) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-19 | Möbelplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2922444A1 true EP2922444A1 (de) | 2015-09-30 |
EP2922444B1 EP2922444B1 (de) | 2018-07-11 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13799232.7A Active EP2922444B1 (de) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-19 | Möbelplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2922444B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012111178A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014086578A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT516198A1 (de) | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-15 | Berndorf Band Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produktes aus einem Nanofasern enthaltenden Bioplastik |
DE102014115138A1 (de) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-21 | Frank Schneider | Verfahren zum Ausbilden eines textilen Materials unter Verwendung von Hanf und Faserverbundwerkstoff aus diesem textilen Material |
CN113001127B (zh) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-15 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 一种带主动冷却通道蒙皮加工方法和装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19936915A1 (de) * | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-28 | Thomas Gmbh & Co Technik Innovation Kg | Profilleiste und Verwendung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
DE10130571A1 (de) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-23 | Innopla Gmbh | Leichtbauplatten bzw. Leichtbaukörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
US6869985B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2005-03-22 | Awi Licensing Company | Environmentally friendly polylactide-based composite formulations |
DE102008012096B4 (de) * | 2008-02-29 | 2010-01-14 | Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltschrank oder Rack |
US20120015176A1 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2012-01-19 | Riebel Michael J | Biolaminate composite assembly and related method |
DE102009003335A1 (de) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-07-15 | Hettich-Heinze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Möbelteil, Möbel und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Platte |
WO2010079203A2 (de) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-07-15 | Hettich-Heinze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Beschlag, möbelteil, möbel und verfahren zur herstellung einer platte |
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 DE DE102012111178.2A patent/DE102012111178A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-11-19 EP EP13799232.7A patent/EP2922444B1/de active Active
- 2013-11-19 WO PCT/EP2013/074160 patent/WO2014086578A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2014086578A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102012111178A1 (de) | 2014-05-22 |
EP2922444B1 (de) | 2018-07-11 |
WO2014086578A1 (de) | 2014-06-12 |
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