EP2920380B1 - Procédé pour la production de maçonnerie et maçonnerie réalisée en utilisant un tel procédé de production ; système pour la production de maçonnerie et utilisation d'un tel système - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production de maçonnerie et maçonnerie réalisée en utilisant un tel procédé de production ; système pour la production de maçonnerie et utilisation d'un tel système Download PDF

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EP2920380B1
EP2920380B1 EP13789580.1A EP13789580A EP2920380B1 EP 2920380 B1 EP2920380 B1 EP 2920380B1 EP 13789580 A EP13789580 A EP 13789580A EP 2920380 B1 EP2920380 B1 EP 2920380B1
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Prior art keywords
building blocks
bricks
mgkoh
holes
polyurethane binder
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EP13789580.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2920380A1 (fr
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Marek Torbus
Christian Duve
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Torbus Marek
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Torbus Marek
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for producing masonry and masonry made with this method according to the generic parts of claims 1 and 9.
  • bricks with tongue and groove connections have been proposed that facilitate the setting of bricks or building blocks in a line.
  • Such bricks or building blocks are proposed with different geometries and sizes, and of the solid or hollow type, for example with cavities or holes, with the percentage of perforations or holes variable depending on requirements.
  • the hollow space percentage of a brick or building block is the ratio expressed as the percentage between the sum of the surface area of the hollow spaces, perforations or cells and the surface area of the top surface orthogonal to the axes of the hollow spaces or perforations.
  • hollow-type bricks possibly lighter in ceramic paste, achieve good values for thermal transmittance because the cavity or perforation per se guarantees good thermal insulation.
  • General masonry built with such bricks traditionally requires an additional insulation, namely the so-called "thermal coat", because the ceramic structure of the brick acts as a thermal bridge between the interior and the exterior environment.
  • thermal coat which generally is characterized by a multiple layered panel made out of insulating material layers of different natures.
  • insulation materials is rock wool, glass wool, pressed fibers of wood and other plant material, expanded polystyrol and foamed polyurea, phenolic and urethane resins.
  • the latter can also be applied directly to the finished masonry and foamed to the desired thickness.
  • the above-mentioned insulation panels are prefabricated and attached to the masonry and counter-walled.
  • a so-called sandwich structure is thereby achieved, which is characterized by optimal thermal insulating properties but also by the high costs for the attachment thereof because the "thermal coat" and counter-walling represent additional costs compared to the price of traditional masonry walls.
  • EP 2 148 018 A2 discloses a method for connecting bricks in order to build up masonry, wherein a liquid expanding connection material i.e. polyurethane is used to connect the bricks, and wherein the connection material is partly arranged in holes of the bricks.
  • DE 85 17 391 U1 discloses a brick with cavities that can be filled with polyurethane foam to exclude the influx of mortar or for heat insolation reasons.
  • CA 2 594 908 A1 describes a method of stabilizing wall structure made of hollow cementitious blocks by introducing a "reinforcing rod" into the hollow cores of the block. Said reinforcing rod is kept in place by an expanding polymer resin.
  • DE 27 14 341 A1 discloses masonry built up from bricks containing cavities. These cavities can be filled with filling material as polyurethane foam. However, the usage of polyurethane is for heat insulation reasons, whereas further cavities of the bricks are filled with reinforced ferroconcrete for mechanical stability reasons. DE 27 14 341 A1 discloses the features of the preambles of claim 1 and claim 9. All these proposals for building masonry are not suitable for solving the drawbacks mentioned.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • it is the object of the invention to reduce the required time for producing masonry.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the costs and/or the amount of raw materials required for producing masonry.
  • a further object of the invention is to reduce the costs and/or the amount of raw materials necessary for the thermal insulation.
  • the aim is to avoid the attachment of the "thermal coat" while achieving, at the same time, the desired insulation.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method for making masonry work, comprising the steps of forming the masonry work by assembling together a plurality of bricks and/or building blocks, the bricks and/or building blocks having a substantially flat and planar outer surface and being provided with joints and/or alignment elements at the contact area between adjacent bricks and/or building blocks which facilitate alignment of the bricks and/or building blocks such that, after construction, the bricks and/or building blocks provide the masonry work with a planar outer surface without substantially any gaps between the adjacent bricks and/or building blocks, and stably bonding together the adjacent bricks and/or building blocks, the bricks and/or building blocks being of the hollow type with a percentage of holes greater than or equal to 15%; wherein the forming step comprises laying the bricks and/or building blocks with the axis (A) of respective perforations, holes or cavities of the bricks and/or building blocks at right angles to the plane (P) of laying, and the bonding step comprises pouring or injecting a poly
  • An important point of the invention is the fact that bricks and/or building blocks having perforations, holes or cavities which extend through the brick and/or building block or a part thereof are used and that a liquid polyurethane binder is filled into all of these perforations, holes or cavities after the alignment of the stones in a manner that the perforations, holes or cavities are at least in part communicating with each other.
  • the liquid polyurethane binder solidifies and hardens in these perforations, holes or cavities, thereby fixing and stabilizing the building blocks which are laid one upon the other.
  • the liquid polyurethane binder preferably is injected and especially poured into the cells from above and flows through the communicating cavities of the bricks and/or building blocks due to gravity.
  • an external pressure can be applied for the injection of the liquid polyurethane.
  • the bricks and/or building blocks can advantageously be arranged in a straightened and dry manner without the need of any mortar or cement, which leads to the saving of time and material. Thereby the costs for producing masonry can be reduced significantly.
  • the bricks and/or building blocks which can be used for the invention have a percentage of holes of between 15% and 70% and preferably of between 15% and 55%.
  • bricks and/or building blocks which are suitable for implementing the invention can be natural, i.e., naturally occurring, but formed to have a substantially flat and planar outer surface, and/or artificial building blocks, building bricks or building stones being made of sandstone, limestone, granite, slate, marble, tuff, greywacke, rhyolite, red-brick, clinker, lime sandstone, clay or concrete.
  • the polyurethane binder is of the type with at least two components.
  • one component is a polyol component, such as a polyhydric alcohol or a mixture of two or more polyhydric alcohols which are able to react with the other component.
  • the polyol component can be selected from the group consisting of: a propoxylated triol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 200 mgKOH/kg to 700 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 250 mgKOH/kg to 630 mgKOH/kg; propoxylated sorbitol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 400 mgKOH/kg to 600 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 480 mgKOH/kg to 530 mgKOH/kg; glycerin as a crosslinking agent with a hydroxyl value of 1830 mgKOH/kg; or mixtures thereof.
  • the second component is an isocyanate component selected from the group consisting of one or a mixture of several polyisocyanates, in particular 4, 4'-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat or mixtures thereof.
  • the first and second component when mixed, are suitable for forming a rigid polymer, especially a rigid polyurethane foam.
  • a propoxylated triol and/or propoxylated sorbitol with the aforementioned hydroxyl values are the backbone polyols of the polyurethane binder and provide stiffness and long term stability to the polyurethane binder.
  • the cross-linking agent as described above may be used to improve cohesion and adhesion or the like.
  • a weight ratio of the polyol component in relation to the isocyanate component is in the range of 100 : 100 to 100: 250, preferably 100 : 150 to 100 : 230, and more preferably in the range of 100 : 160 to 100 : 200.
  • the mixing ratio is related to the OH value of the individual polyol blend.
  • the so called isocyanate index is the percentage of isocyanate saturation.
  • the mixing ratio of 100 : 168 which may be realised in a system using HA 24-310-00, represents an isocyanate index of 113; that is, a 13% excess of isocyanate.
  • the mixing ratio of 100 : 190 is realised by a system using HI 26-041-00, which represents an isocyanate index of 143. This higher index advantageously provides an improved flame resistance due to the presence of more aromatic cycles.
  • a fixed mixing ratio of 1 : 1 parts by volume, with a typical mixing ratio of 100 : 110 parts by weight is used, which can advantageously be utilised for standard dosing machines for pour-in-place foams, which oftenly use simple piston pumps.
  • the polyurethane binder comprises a flame-retardant selected from the group consisting of halogenated polyetherpolyol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 300 mgKOH/kg to 400 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 330 mgKOH/kg to 370 mgKOH/kg; triethyl phosphate; or mixtures thereof.
  • a flame-retardant selected from the group consisting of halogenated polyetherpolyol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 300 mgKOH/kg to 400 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 330 mgKOH/kg to 370 mgKOH/kg; triethyl phosphate; or mixtures thereof.
  • a halogenated polyetherpolyol provides high fire-resistance and does not affect thermal insulation and mechanical properties.
  • triethyl phosphate is a flame-retardant with a high phosphorus content and low viscosity. This provides high flame-resistant performance to a polyurethane binder as well as providing a good flowability.
  • the polyurethane binder comprises polyether modified polysiloxane and/or polyether-polydimethylsiloxan-copolymer and/or N,N-dibenzylamine, triethylenediamin and/or water.
  • Polyether modified polysiloxane and/or polyether-polydimethylsiloxan-copolymer are, according to the unvention, used as surfactants for cell regulation and for providing dimensional stability.
  • N,N-dibenzylamine may be used as a tertiary amine catalyst which may have moderate catalytic activity which improves adhesion properties and reduces surface friability.
  • a triethylenediamin component may be used as a catalyst for both gelling and blowing reactions.
  • the polyurethane binder comprises a blowing agent selected from the group of physical blowing agents, such as hydrocarbons (for example, pentane) and/or fluorinated hydrocarbons (for example 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), and chemical blowing agents, such as carboxylic acids (for example formic acid), which releases CO 2 though the reaction with the isocyanate component, to ensure a complete filling of the cavities in which the liquid polyurethane binder is poured.
  • physical blowing agents such as hydrocarbons (for example, pentane) and/or fluorinated hydrocarbons (for example 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane)
  • chemical blowing agents such as carboxylic acids (for example formic acid)
  • the polyurethane binder comprises fillers, such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers to enforce the strength of the foamed binder.
  • fillers such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers to enforce the strength of the foamed binder.
  • fillers such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers to enforce the strength of the foamed binder.
  • fillers such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers to enforce the strength of the foamed binder.
  • fillers such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers to enforce the strength of the foamed binder.
  • fillers such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or
  • the object of the invention is achieved by masonry work according to claim 9.
  • this object is achieved by masonry work comprising a plurality of bricks and/or building blocks, the bricks and/or building blocks having a substantially flat and planar outer surface and being provided with joints and/or alignment elements at the contact area between adjacent bricks and/or building blocks which facilitate alignment of the bricks and/or building blocks such that, after construction, the bricks and/or building blocks provide the masonry work with a planar outer surface without substantially any gaps between the adjacent bricks and/or building blocks, the bricks and/or building blocks being of the hollow type with a percentage of holes greater than or equal to 15%; the bricks and/or building blocks assembled with the axis (A) of respective perforations, holes or cavities at right angles to the plane (P) of laying, wherein the bricks and/or building blocks are straightened and are laid dry in a forming step of forming the masonry work, the bricks and/or building blocks being stably bonded together using a polyurethane
  • masonry work with reference numeral 1 is shown that is realized by assembling a plurality of building blocks 2 and by permanently bonding adjacent building blocks 2. More precisely, masonry 1 is realized by positioning a plurality of building blocks 2, appropriately offset, side by side and in multiple layers. The layers lying superimposed above each other are placed offset in the traditional manner, e.g., with the second layer of building blocks 2 on the first layer and, compared to the first layer, placed offset by half a length of a building block, the third layer of building blocks 2 lies, viewed perpendicular, exactly over the first layer, the fourth layer over the second layer, etc.
  • Building blocks 2 are characterized by perforations, holes or cavities with a hollow space percentage over 15%.
  • building blocks 2 have a hollow space percentage between 15 and 70%.
  • building blocks 2 with a hollow space percentage between 15 and 55%.
  • building blocks 2 are straightened or aligned to provide a planar outer surface to the masonry work 1, e.g. the dimensions of each building block 2 is guaranteed within narrow tolerances.
  • the building blocks 2 are configured to have a flat or substantially flat and planar outer surface such that, after the building blocks 2 are arranged in the aforementioned configuration, the resulting structure has an overall flat and planar outer surface.
  • this results in outer surface(s) of the building blocks 2 being formed without substantially any gaps along the joins between adjacent building blocks 2.
  • such a structure results in the expansion of materials being irrelevant. For example, consider the influence of water, and more specifically freezing water, that is disposed inside the gap of the prior art. Such an expansion of the water, due to a decrease in temperature and the transition to ice, causes forces to be experienced within the gap, typically separating the building blocks 2 away from each other, and thus causing damage to the join of the building blocks 2.
  • the internal portions, such as the perforations, holes or cavities 4, of the building blocks 2 may also be provided with flat, substantially flat, or planar surfaces, when provided in the straightened or aligned configuration, thereby reducing the effect of the expanding polyurethane binder 3 disposed in gaps therebetween in a similar manner.
  • Masonry 1 does not contain any hydraulic cement mortar because the building blocks 2 are set dry, namely, with the axis A of the perforations, holes or cavities 4 orthogonal on the setting level P and they are bonded together permanently and orthogonal in respect of the setting level P by means of a two or multiple component polyurethane binder 3, for example, which is positioned in the interior of all perforations, holes or cavities 4 of building blocks 2, for example.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 is added as a fluid into the interior of all perforations, holes or cavities respectively, which represent the inner structure of the building block 2. After a relatively short time, which can vary from a few seconds up to several minutes depending on the quantity and the quality of the catalyst used in the binder formulation, the liquid starts to foam and the volume thereof increases and fills the perforations, holes or cavities 4 of building block 2 and that of the building block(s) 2 positioned above.
  • the foam solidifies by hardening in a short time, typically within a few minutes to several hours, and adheres to the inner surface of the perforations, holes or cavities 4 of building blocks 2; that is, through a volumetric expansion of the polyurethane binder 3 and its solidification from a liquid state to a foamy state inside the perforations, holes or cavities 4.
  • the polyurethane binder is injected or poured, for example, into the perforations, holes or cavities 4 of building blocks 2 and hardens within the perforations, holes or cavities 4 following an increase of the volume which is caused by the transition from a fluid condition into a foamy condition.
  • the amount of liquid polyurethane binder 3 is poured into each building block 2 which is necessary to bond the building block 2 with the building block 2 located above it.
  • the building time for the masonry 1 is reduced thereby to the positioning times of building blocks 2 and to the time for injecting or pouring in the polyurethane binder 3.
  • straight-sided bricks and/or building blocks on the one hand, and the absence of mortar, on the other hand, makes the process of levelling out of bricks and/or building blocks 2 superfluous.
  • the straight-sided bricks and/or building blocks have side walls which are perpendicular to the base and/or the top of the bricks and/or building blocks.
  • the stability of the masonry 1 is obtained after a short time, namely in a few minutes to 1-2 hours, with corresponding time-saving in comparison to the setting time of traditional mortar containing cement.
  • portable dosing units can be used which allow the injecting or pouring, for example, of a specific amount of the premixed liquid to produce the foam volume by means of a dosing pump.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 consists of at least two components - in chemical terms, a polyol or polyalcohol and a polyisocyanate - which react with each other in the presence of suitable catalysts, which accelerate the reaction, and other additives that influence the properties of the polyurethane foam to form the polyurethane.
  • the polyurethane binder contains a polyol or a mixture of several polyols which are able to react with a polyisocyanate or a mixture of several polyisocyanates to form a hard polymer.
  • Table 1 illustrates two examples of materials that may be used as the first component, namely the polyol component, of the polyurethane binder 3.
  • the exemplary polyol components have different properties, and it is these different properties that lead to the desired polyurethane binder 3 being produced.
  • the materials given below are represented by the designations HA 24-310-00 and HI 26-041-00.
  • Table 1 Dimension HA 24-310-00 HI 26-041-00 Density kg/m 3 37 112 Compression strength (10% compression) MPa 0.25 0.86 Bending strength MPa 0.58 1.22
  • the polyurethane binder 3 can be the product that the company PUR SYSTEMS produces with the designation HA 24-310-00 as the first component and ISO 10-002-00 as the second component. Both components are preferably mixed in the weight ratio 100 : 168, first component to the second component, in order to achieve a polyurethane foam with a bulk density of 38 kg/m 3 .
  • the expansion reaction occurs after 40 seconds upon the initial mixing, and a time at which long chain compounds start to form, i.e., the beginning of solidification, is 155 seconds.
  • a corresponding rise time is 265 seconds.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 can be the product that PUR SYSTEMS produces with the HI 26-041-00 as the first component and ISO 10-002-00 as the second component.
  • both components are mixed in the weight ratio 100 : 190, first component to second component, in order to achieve a polyurethane foam with a bulk density of 125 kg/m 3 .
  • the expansion reaction occurs after 35 seconds upon the initial mixing, and a time at which long chain compounds start to form is 115 seconds. A corresponding rise time is 150 seconds.
  • a weight ratio of the polyol component in relation to the isocyanate component is in the range of 100 : 100 to 100 : 250, preferably 100 : 150 to 100 : 230, and more preferably in the range of 100 : 160 to 100 : 200.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 is able to be poured or injected in a liquid form into the perforations, holes or cavities 4, and is subsequently able to "settle" into and effectively fill up the perforations, holes or cavities before beginning to solidify from below to the top of the stacked building blocks.
  • the solidification occurs from the part of the polyurethane binder 3 that was inserted first. If the polyurethane binder 3 is inserted from the top of the masonry work 1, this means that the polyurethane binder 3 will solidify and bind from the base of the masonry work 1 upwards.
  • the type(s) and amount(s) of the catalyst(s) are carefully selected when preparing the polyurethane binder 3. This careful selection may lead to any advantageous properties and, in particular, appropriate starting times of the solidification reactions of various polyurethane binders 3. While a delay has been advantageously shown in the examples above, this may not be required or desired.
  • the delay times above are not required and the initiation of the reaction may be delayed for a shorter amount of time, i.e., shorter than 35-40 seconds. Indeed, in some instances a delay time may not be necessary at all.
  • the polyol component can be selected from the group consisting of: a propoxylated triol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 200 mgKOH/kg to 700 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 250 mgKOH/kg to 630 mgKOH/kg; propoxylated sorbitol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 400 mgKOH/kg to 600 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 480 mgKOH/kg to 530 mgKOH/kg; glycerin as a crosslinking agent with a hydroxyl value of 1830 mgKOH/kg; or mixtures thereof.
  • a propoxylated triol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 200 mgKOH/kg to 700 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 250 mgKOH/kg to 630 mgKOH/kg
  • propoxylated sorbitol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 400 mgKOH/kg to 600 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range
  • a propoxylated tirol such as Daltoc R 251 or 630
  • propoxylated sorbitol such as Daltoc R 517
  • the cross-linking agent as described above may be used to improve cohesion and adhesion or the like.
  • polyisocyanate or isocyanate component can be selected from the group consisting of one or a mixture of several polyisocyanates, in particular 4, 4'-Methylendiphenyldiisocyanat or mixtures thereof.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 comprises a flame-retardant.
  • a flame-retardant component may be selected from the group consisting of halogenated polyetherpolyol with a hydroxyl value in the range of 300 mgKOH/kg to 400 mgKOH/kg, preferably in the range of 330 mgKOH/kg to 370 mgKOH/kg; triethyl phosphate; or mixtures thereof.
  • a halogenated polyetherpolyol such as Ixol 251, which is a brominated polyetherpolyol, provides high fire-resistance and does not affect thermal insulation and mechanical properties.
  • triethyl phosphate such as Levagard TEP
  • Levagard TEP is a flame retardant with a high phosphorus content and low viscosity. This provides high flame-resistant performance to a polyurethane binder 3 as well as providing a good flowability.
  • HI 26-041-00 is one such example polyurethane binder 3 that includes flame-retardant components, such as Ixol B 251 or Levagard TEP.
  • PIR polyisocyanurate
  • These polyisocyanurate polyurethane binders 3 are specific formulations that include a large excess of isocyanate in the presence of special polyisocyanurate catalysts, typically comprising an isocyanate index of between 140-350, more preferably between 180-300. Such an excess of isocyanate provides advantageously an improvement in flame-retardant qualities due to the presence of isocyanurate structures.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 is specially configured, via carefully selecting one of the components listed above or by adjusting the excess of isocyanate, to inherently include flame-retardant properties, and therefore the masonry 1 produced via using this polyurethane binder 3 requires no further flame-retardant foam to be added.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 comprises polyether modified polysiloxane and/or polyether-polydimethylsiloxan-copolymer and/or N,N-dibenzylamine, triethylenediamin and/or water.
  • Polyether modified polysiloxane such as Tegostab B 8404, and/or polyether-polydimethylsiloxan-copolymer, such as Tegostab B 8491, are generally used as surfactants for cell regulation and for providing dimensional stability of the polyurethane binder 3.
  • N,N-dibenzylamine such as BDMA, may be used as a tertiary amine catalyst which may have moderate catalytic activity which improves adhesion properties and reduces surface friability.
  • a triethylenediamin component such as Dacob 33 LV, is generally used as a catalyst for both gelling and blowing reactions.
  • the building blocks 2 are characterized by tongue and groove connection which facilitates the placement in a row.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 comprises a blowing agent selected from the group of physical blowing agents, such as hydrocarbons (for example, pentane) and/or fluorinated hydrocarbons (for example 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), and chemical blowing agents, such as carboxylic acids (for example formic acid), which releases CO 2 though the reaction with the isocyanate component.
  • blowing agents cause, in this case, the polyurethane binder 3 to further expand by creating a cellular structure in the polyurethane binder 3. This ensures the strength of the polyurethane binder and ensures that the cavities in which the binder is filled in are completely filled up without any remaining free space.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 may also include a blowing agent.
  • the blowing agent operates on the basis of the release of CO 2 from the reaction between the isocyante and/or the polyol component. This may also decrease the bulk density of the polyurethane binder 3, thereby providing yet a further decrease in the thermal conductivity and enhance the insulation effect of the materials to be used.
  • the polyurethane binder 3 may also comprise fillers, such as natural and/or synthetic fibers, for example glass fibers and/or carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers.
  • fillers can dramatically alter the properties of the polyurethane binder 3, thereby meaning that the strength or rigidity of the polyurethane binder 3, for example, is improved by the fillers or fibers.
  • Fillers can also increase tensile strength, shear strength and dimensional stability of the polyurethane binder 3, and the fillers may be selected depending upon the desired properties of the polyurethane binder 3.

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  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser un ouvrage de maçonnerie (1), comprenant les étapes de formation de l'ouvrage de maçonnerie (1) en assemblant une pluralité de briques et/ou de blocs de construction (2), les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) ayant une surface externe essentiellement plate et plane et étant pourvu(e)s de joints et/ou d'éléments d'alignement au niveau de la zone de contact entre les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s qui facilitent l'alignement des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) de sorte que, après la construction, les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) fournissent à l'ouvrage de maçonnerie (1) une surface externe plane et essentiellement sans aucun espace entre les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s, et en liant de manière stable les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s ensemble ; les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) étant du type creux ayant un pourcentage de trous supérieur ou égal à 15% ; dans lequel l'étape de formation comprend la pose des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) avec l'axe (A) de perforations, de trous ou de cavités (4) respectifs/ respectives des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) perpendiculaire au plan (P) de pose, dans lequel les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) sont redressé (e) s et posé (e) s à sec dans l'étape de formation qui consiste à former l'ouvrage de maçonnerie (1),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'étape de liaison comprend le coulage ou l'injection d'un liant polyuréthane (3) sous forme liquide à l'intérieur de toutes les perforations, tous les trous ou toutes les cavités (4) des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) pour les fixer solidement les uns aux autres grâce à une expansion volumétrique du liant polyuréthane (3) dans un passage formé entre les perforations, les trous ou les cavités (4) des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s et sa solidification de l'état liquide à un état mousseux à l'intérieur des perforations, des trous ou des cavités (4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) ont un pourcentage de trous compris entre 15 % et 70 %, de préférence entre 15 % et 55 %.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le liant polyuréthane (3) est du type à au moins deux composants, à savoir un composant polyol choisi dans le groupe consistant en un triol propoxylé ayant un indice d'hydroxyle se trouvant dans la plage allant de 200 mg KOH/kg à 700 mg KOH/kg, de préférence dans la plage allant de 250 mg KOH/kg à 630 mg KOH/kg ; un sorbitol propoxylé ayant un indice d'hydroxyle se trouvant dans la plage allant de 400 mg KOH/kg à 600 mg KOH/kg, de préférence dans la plage allant de 480 mg KOH/kg à 530 mg KOH/kg ; la glycérine en tant qu'agent de réticulation ayant un indice d'hydroxyle de 1830 mg KOH/kg ; ou des mélanges de ceux-ci et un composant isocyanate choisi dans le groupe consistant en un polyisocyanate ou un mélange de plusieurs polyisocyanates, en particulier le 4,4'-méthylène-diphényl-diisocyanate ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un rapport pondéral du composant polyol par rapport au composant isocyanate se trouve dans la plage allant de 100:150 à 100:230, de préférence dans la plage allant de 100:160 à 100:200.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le liant polyuréthane (3) comprend un ignifuge choisi dans le groupe consistant en le polyéther-polyol halogéné ayant un indice d'hydroxyle se trouvant dans la plage allant de 300 mg KOH/kg à 400 mg KOH/kg, de préférence dans la plage allant de 330 mg KOH/kg à 370 mg KOH/kg ; le phosphate de triéthyle ; ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le liant polyuréthane (3) comprend un polysiloxane modifié par un polyéther et/ou un copolymère polyéther-polydiméthylsiloxane et/ou la N,N-dibenzylamine, la triéthylènediamine et/ou de l'eau.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le liant polyuréthane (3) comprend un agent gonflant choisi dans le groupe des agents gonflants physiques, tels que les hydrocarbures comme par exemple le pentane et/ou les hydrocarbures fluorés comme par exemple le 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane et des agents gonflants chimiques, tels que les acides carboxyliques comme par exemple l'acide formique, qui libère le CO2 par la réaction avec le composant isocyanate.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le liant polyuréthane (3) comprend des charges, telles que des fibres naturelles et/ou synthétiques comme par exemple des fibres de verre et/ou des fibres de carbone et/ou des fibres d'aramide.
  9. Ouvrage de maçonnerie (1) constitué d'une pluralité de briques et/ou de blocs de construction (2), les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) ayant une surface externe essentiellement plate et plane et pourvu(e)s de joints et/ou d'éléments d'alignement au niveau de la zone de contact entre les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s qui sont adaptés pour faciliter l'alignement des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) de sorte que, après la construction, les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) fournissent à l'ouvrage de maçonnerie (1) une surface externe plane sans essentiellement aucun espace entre les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s, les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) étant du type creux ayant un pourcentage de trous supérieur ou égal à 15 % ; les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) étant assemblé(e)s avec l'axe (A) de perforations, de trous ou de cavités (4) respectifs/ respectives, perpendiculaire au plan (P) de pose, où les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) sont redressé(e)s et posé(e)s à sec dans une étape de formation qui consiste à former l'ouvrage de maçonnerie (1),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les briques et/ou les blocs de construction (2) sont lié(e)s ensemble de manière stable en utilisant un liant polyuréthane (3) sous forme liquide positionné à l'intérieur de toutes les perforations, tous les trous ou toutes les cavités (4) des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) qui sont fixé(e)s solidement les uns aux autres grâce à une expansion volumétrique du liant polyuréthane (3) dans le passage formé entre les perforations, les trous ou les cavités (4) des briques et/ou des blocs de construction (2) adjacent(e)s et sa solidification de l'état liquide à un état mousseux à l'intérieur des perforations, des trous ou des cavités (4).
EP13789580.1A 2012-11-14 2013-11-14 Procédé pour la production de maçonnerie et maçonnerie réalisée en utilisant un tel procédé de production ; système pour la production de maçonnerie et utilisation d'un tel système Not-in-force EP2920380B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000622A ITBO20120622A1 (it) 2012-11-14 2012-11-14 Metodo per la realizzazione di opere murarie e opera muraria realizzata con tale metodo.
PCT/EP2013/073819 WO2014076178A1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2013-11-14 Procédé pour la production de maçonnerie et maçonnerie réalisée en utilisant un tel procédé de production ; système pour la production de maçonnerie et utilisation d'un tel système

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EP2920380A1 EP2920380A1 (fr) 2015-09-23
EP2920380B1 true EP2920380B1 (fr) 2018-03-14

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EP (1) EP2920380B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2670940T3 (fr)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20150136657A (ko) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-08 (주)엘지하우시스 벽돌 단열 복합체 및 이를 제조하는 방법

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1077903B (it) * 1977-01-28 1985-05-04 Arnoldi Luigi Blocco parallelepipedo pieno o cavo,divisibile in parti modulari e sovrapponibile per incastro con altri simili
US4324080A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-04-13 Mullins Wayne L Thermally insulative cementitious block modules and method of making same
US4566238A (en) * 1983-06-06 1986-01-28 Janopaul Jr Peter Energy conserving concrete masonry unit, wall construction and method
DE8517391U1 (de) * 1985-06-14 1985-08-01 Wochner, Kurt, 7460 Balingen Mauerstein
DE29615577U1 (de) * 1996-09-06 1998-01-15 H.B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Reaktive 2-Komponenten Polyurethan-Klebstoffzusammensetzung, insbesondere geeignet zum Verkleben von Kalksandstein u.dgl.
US6130268A (en) * 1997-06-23 2000-10-10 Polyfoam Products, Inc. Two component polyurethane construction adhesive
AT414334B (de) * 2003-06-11 2008-04-15 Roitmair Helmut Bausteinverbund
DE212004000002U1 (de) * 2003-03-07 2005-01-20 Roitmair, Helmut Bausteinverbund
CA2594908C (fr) * 2007-07-23 2015-12-22 Casey Moroschan Systeme de stabilisation de bloc a ame alveolee

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ES2670940T3 (es) 2018-06-04
WO2014076178A1 (fr) 2014-05-22
EP2920380A1 (fr) 2015-09-23

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