EP2910865A1 - System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen - Google Patents

System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2910865A1
EP2910865A1 EP14461509.3A EP14461509A EP2910865A1 EP 2910865 A1 EP2910865 A1 EP 2910865A1 EP 14461509 A EP14461509 A EP 14461509A EP 2910865 A1 EP2910865 A1 EP 2910865A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
inverter
protected space
controller
controlling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14461509.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2910865B1 (de
Inventor
Maciej Szumski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PLUM SP. Z O.O.
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Plum Sp z oo
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Priority to EP14461509.3A priority Critical patent/EP2910865B1/de
Priority to PL14461509T priority patent/PL2910865T3/pl
Publication of EP2910865A1 publication Critical patent/EP2910865A1/de
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Publication of EP2910865B1 publication Critical patent/EP2910865B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/61—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using timers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active system and method for controlling a fan insufflating air into a protected space, especially in fire ventilation for the protection of escape routes, by differentiating pressures.
  • a particularly serious threat is posed by toxic combustion products, such as: carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrochloric acid HCl, hydrocyanic acid or sulphur compounds, which constitute a high share of fire gases.
  • carbon monoxide is poisonous because when in contact with blood, it binds to the blood pigment - haemoglobin, with which it has 200-240 times higher affinity than oxygen.
  • This is a durable, coordinate binding of carbon monoxide with iron atoms of haemoglobin, the binding, as a consequence, preventing the natural reaction of haemoglobin with oxygen. Impact of carbon monoxide on people is multiplied due to the phenomenon of hyperventilation, i.e.
  • the ventilation system in multi-storey buildings has to provide two (steady) stable states.
  • Fire ventilation systems currently in use are divided into passive and active ones.
  • An attempt to solve the problem of fire ventilation involves passive, mechanical systems for removing smoke and for maintaining the escape routes free from smoke.
  • a fan inflating clean air with a constant flow rate is placed so as to meet the criterion of flow in the open door, and in the upper part, a smoke release vent with a weight selected so as it opens, for example, at an overpressure of 50 Pa, is placed.
  • the active systems are built as automatic control systems with the use of PID controllers.
  • a sensor for sensing pressure in the protected space is connected to the PID controller. Based on the measurement, the controller determines the required power of the fan and, in the form of a voltage signal or through a serial transmission link, transmits it to an inverter (frequency converter) which directly controls the fan motor.
  • This application relates to an active system.
  • the only solution is to suppress the controller, i.e. to select the settings so that it reacts very slowly, but then it is not possible to achieve the transition period of less than three seconds.
  • the use of PID control is therefore not possible for two reasons: firstly, a high non-linearity of the controlled facility, secondly, the facility is non-stationary: its characteristics change over time.
  • the most important parameters which change over time include: leakage, air density and wind strength and direction. Change in leakage causes a complete change of air distribution in the building, which is also affected by the strength and direction of the wind: air can be forced into the interior, for example, through ventilation holes.
  • non-linear model requires a solution of non-linear optimisation task with restrictions (of control, i.e. the range of possible frequencies of the inverter is restricted to the range of 0 - 50[Hz], or 0 - 60[Hz]).
  • restrictions of control, i.e. the range of possible frequencies of the inverter is restricted to the range of 0 - 50[Hz], or 0 - 60[Hz].
  • Such a task has not any solutions in the general case, and iterative methods require very high computational power of the processor and have an indefinite time to reach the solution, thus the cannot be used in real time for very dynamic (rapidly changing) processes. This is confirmed by literature on the subject: predictive algorithms with solution of optimisation task are currently used mainly in the chemical industry for slowly changing processes.
  • a key element of the invention is a pressure controller together with a sensor (measurement of the pressure difference between the protected space and a reference pressure, e.g. atmospheric pressure).
  • the controller is equipped with a processor with a high computational efficiency, equipped with floating-point arithmetic (high precision of calculations).
  • the present inventors have surprisingly noted that the model of controlled process can be divided into two components: a static part describing the steady state and a dynamic part describing unsteady states.
  • the essence of the invention consists in the fact that the static part of the model describes, in its entirety, hydraulic properties of the facility (leakage, current efficiency of the fan), whereas the dynamic part describes characteristics of the fan itself: motor dynamics and aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blades.
  • the dynamic part is constant and the (non-linear) dynamics model is created on the basis of identification tests of a particular fan at the place of manufacture.
  • This non-linear dynamics model is permanently inscribed in the controller.
  • This process performed with a period of controller intervention provides current non-linear model to the rest of the algorithm, the task of the said rest being to find an optimal trajectory of the control, i.e. control values for subsequent moments of time: current moment k, and subsequent ones k+1, k+2, k+3, ...
  • iterative methods are used, the said methods not guaranteeing to achieve a global solution within the required short time.
  • Another element of the invention is a method for quickly solving the task of non-linear optimisation, used in the invention.
  • the so determined point in the control space is in close proximity to the optimum solution (global minimum of the task of non-linear optimisation). Therefore, the feasible point of the task of non-linear optimisation is a predicted control trajectory for the steady state, determined as a result of identification of parameter a . This guarantees the convergence of the optimisation task and achieving the solution within the required short time.
  • the object of the invention is a system for controlling a fan insufflating air into a protected space, especially in fire ventilation for the protection of escape routes, comprising a controller equipped with a processor with a high computational power and a memory, designed and configured to control the said fan by setting frequency U of the inverter controlling the motor of this fan and connected to this inverter, and in addition connected to a pressure sensor for measuring pressure difference P between the protected space and a reference pressure (reference pressure may be atmospheric pressure or pressure from the room in which a fire can potentially start), characterised in that the said controller is configured and programmed to perform the following steps:
  • the object of the invention is also a method for controlling a fan insufflating air into a protected space, especially in fire ventilation for the protection of escape routes, consisting in that in a system comprising a controller equipped with a processor with a high computational power and a memory, designed and configured to control the said fan by setting frequency U of the inverter controlling the motor of this fan and connected to this inverter, and in addition connected to a pressure sensor for measuring pressure difference P between the protected space and a reference pressure, the following steps are performed:
  • Fig. 2 shows a model of a controlled process with a division into static part A and dynamic part B (Wiener-Hammerstein model), where the input parameter is U(k) - control at moment k and P(k) - pressure difference measured at moment k.
  • Dynamic part B of the model is constant and dynamics model is created on the basis of identification tests of a particular fan at the place of manufacture. This model is permanently inscribed in the controller.
  • the output parameter is y(k) - constituting a response of the facility at moment k.
  • a fire protection system successfully used in a facility is presented.
  • the facility is illustrated schematically in Fig. 4 .
  • the system was used to provide protection of vertical escape route in a four-storey stairway 5 with a very large cubature and tightness.
  • the facility comprises the following elements:
  • Fig. 5 shows an actual graph of inverter control U as a function of time (vertical axis on the right, [Hz]) in the stairway 5 with a presented response of the algorithm to opening and closing the door.
  • a graph of pressure measured by the sensor 1 as a function of time (vertical axis on the left , [Pa]) is also shown.
  • Values of control U achieved by the inverter vary in the range of 0[Hz] to 50[Hz] (control range of the inverter).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
EP14461509.3A 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen Active EP2910865B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14461509.3A EP2910865B1 (de) 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen
PL14461509T PL2910865T3 (pl) 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 Układ do i sposób sterowania wentylatorem wdmuchującym powietrze do przestrzeni chronionej, zwłaszcza w wentylacji pożarowej do ochrony dróg ewakuacji

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14461509.3A EP2910865B1 (de) 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2910865A1 true EP2910865A1 (de) 2015-08-26
EP2910865B1 EP2910865B1 (de) 2016-11-23

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EP14461509.3A Active EP2910865B1 (de) 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 System und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Lüfters, der Luft in einen geschützten Raum einbläst, insbesondere zur Brandbelüftung zum Schutz von Fluchtwegen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2910865B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2910865T3 (de)

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07139775A (ja) 1993-11-18 1995-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 換気扇制御装置
EP0915300A2 (de) 1997-11-07 1999-05-12 LANDIS & STAEFA, INC. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Raumdruckregelung mit Mit- und Rückkopplung
DE19937532A1 (de) 1999-08-09 2001-02-15 Brantec Gmbh Solothurn Anordnung zur Einstellung einer Druckdifferenz
KR100317243B1 (ko) 1999-09-07 2001-12-22 황해웅 수두차 스위치를 이용한 특별피난구역의 자동 차압 유지방법 및 그 장치
DE10241625A1 (de) 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Zimmermann, Arndt, Dipl.-Ing. oec. Überdrucklüftungsanlage in Gebäuden
CA2405858A1 (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-01 George Bergman Stairwell pressurization system
JP2005207674A (ja) 2004-01-23 2005-08-04 Hitachi Ltd 建屋の換気空調設備
JP2007024469A (ja) 2005-07-21 2007-02-01 Shimizu Corp 排煙システム
WO2007127897A2 (en) 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Adaptive response time closed loop control algorithm
EP1990584A2 (de) 2007-05-07 2008-11-12 O.Y.L. Research & Development Centre Sdn Bhd Luftstromsteuerung für Gebläse mit variabler Drehzahl
PL389314A1 (pl) 2009-10-20 2011-04-26 Smay Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Sposób regulacji ciśnień w pionowych drogach ewakuacyjnych
EP2345485A2 (de) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-20 Fire Engineering Associates Limited System und Verfahren zur Rauchunterdrückung
US20120164930A1 (en) 2010-11-02 2012-06-28 Dai Murayama Server room managing air conditioning system and air conditioning control method
EP2511617A1 (de) 2011-04-08 2012-10-17 Zehnder Verkaufs- und Verwaltungs AG Verfahren zur Steuerung des Volumenstroms eines Ventilators
GB2492372A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-02 David John Royle Building pressurisation or depressurisation apparatus for ventilating a building based upon the position of a door or window
CN203024345U (zh) 2013-01-16 2013-06-26 苏州工业园区嘉合环境技术工程有限公司 一种洁净室用变频风机

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07139775A (ja) 1993-11-18 1995-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 換気扇制御装置
EP0915300A2 (de) 1997-11-07 1999-05-12 LANDIS & STAEFA, INC. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Raumdruckregelung mit Mit- und Rückkopplung
DE19937532A1 (de) 1999-08-09 2001-02-15 Brantec Gmbh Solothurn Anordnung zur Einstellung einer Druckdifferenz
KR100317243B1 (ko) 1999-09-07 2001-12-22 황해웅 수두차 스위치를 이용한 특별피난구역의 자동 차압 유지방법 및 그 장치
DE10241625A1 (de) 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Zimmermann, Arndt, Dipl.-Ing. oec. Überdrucklüftungsanlage in Gebäuden
CA2405858A1 (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-01 George Bergman Stairwell pressurization system
JP2005207674A (ja) 2004-01-23 2005-08-04 Hitachi Ltd 建屋の換気空調設備
JP2007024469A (ja) 2005-07-21 2007-02-01 Shimizu Corp 排煙システム
WO2007127897A2 (en) 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Adaptive response time closed loop control algorithm
EP1990584A2 (de) 2007-05-07 2008-11-12 O.Y.L. Research & Development Centre Sdn Bhd Luftstromsteuerung für Gebläse mit variabler Drehzahl
PL389314A1 (pl) 2009-10-20 2011-04-26 Smay Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Sposób regulacji ciśnień w pionowych drogach ewakuacyjnych
EP2345485A2 (de) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-20 Fire Engineering Associates Limited System und Verfahren zur Rauchunterdrückung
US20120164930A1 (en) 2010-11-02 2012-06-28 Dai Murayama Server room managing air conditioning system and air conditioning control method
EP2511617A1 (de) 2011-04-08 2012-10-17 Zehnder Verkaufs- und Verwaltungs AG Verfahren zur Steuerung des Volumenstroms eines Ventilators
GB2492372A (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-02 David John Royle Building pressurisation or depressurisation apparatus for ventilating a building based upon the position of a door or window
CN203024345U (zh) 2013-01-16 2013-06-26 苏州工业园区嘉合环境技术工程有限公司 一种洁净室用变频风机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2910865T3 (pl) 2017-02-28
EP2910865B1 (de) 2016-11-23

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