EP2910733A1 - Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield - Google Patents
Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2910733A1 EP2910733A1 EP14156561.4A EP14156561A EP2910733A1 EP 2910733 A1 EP2910733 A1 EP 2910733A1 EP 14156561 A EP14156561 A EP 14156561A EP 2910733 A1 EP2910733 A1 EP 2910733A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- chamber
- foam
- pressure
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0678—Adding additives, e.g. chemical compositions, to the slurry or the cuttings
- E21D9/0685—Foaming agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/235—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids for making foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/311—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows for mixing more than two components; Devices specially adapted for generating foam
- B01F25/3111—Devices specially adapted for generating foam, e.g. air foam
- B01F25/31114—Devices specially adapted for generating foam, e.g. air foam with means for introducing an additional component, e.g. in predetermined proportion or in the main component
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
- B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
- B01F25/31421—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction the conduit being porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
- B05B7/0025—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
- B05B7/0025—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply
- B05B7/0031—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns
- B05B7/0037—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns including sieves, porous members or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/124—Helical conveying means therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/49—Mixing drilled material or ingredients for well-drilling, earth-drilling or deep-drilling compositions with liquids to obtain slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0436—Operational information
- B01F2215/0468—Numerical pressure values
Definitions
- the invention relates to a foam generator for a Erd horrschild tunnel boring machine with a mixing chamber having a first inlet opening for a foamable liquid and a second inlet opening for a gas and a foam outlet opening, one connected to the inlet opening for the foamable liquid copestikszu classroomvoriques and one with the inlet opening for the gas-connected gas supply device, the mixing chamber having a tubular flow chamber at one end of which the foamable liquid inlet and at the other end the foam discharge orifice, and a method of conditioning excavated soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield of a tunnel boring machine removed from the ground and fed to a excavation chamber of the tunnel boring machine, a foam is provided depending on the nature of the excavated soil
- a foam generator having a tubular flow chamber and supplying a foamable liquid to the foam generator at one end of a tubular flow chamber, the foam leaving the other end of the tubular flow chamber is fed to the extraction chamber and mixed with the excavated soil.
- a foam generator for an earth pressure tunneling machine and a method for conditioning excavated soil material as a support medium for a Erd horrschild a tunnel boring machine are known from M. Thewe and C. Budach, "Schildvortrieb mit Erdbuchschilden: Possibility and Limitations of the Conditioning of the Support Medium", 7th Colloquium Building in Soil and Rock, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 26.-27.01.2010, S. 171-183 ,
- a surfactant solution is first prepared by mixing water and surfactant, and this surfactant solution is fed to a foam generator where it is mixed with air.
- the air-surfactant solution mixture is then passed through a flow channel containing contaminants.
- the disruptive bodies comprise grids arranged transversely to the flow direction and / or glass spheres arranged in the flow cross section between holding sieves. These bluff bodies generate turbulence and thereby foam, which is then passed into the excavation chamber.
- the structure and size of the foam bubbles thus produced are more or less random and can not be tailored to the nature of the pending soil.
- a foam lance in which flows into a tubular flow channel at one end of compressed air and a liquid foaming agent is sprayed onto a transversely arranged air flow baffle plate, then pressed the turbulent air-foaming agent mixture at the other end of the flow tube through a flow channel covering the porous foam generator is, wherein beyond the foam generator, the foam formed enters a housing volume and leaves the housing via an outlet opening.
- the invention has for its object to provide a foam generator and a method of the type mentioned above, which allows a vote of structure and size of the foam bubbles produced on the nature of the pending soil and at the same time an admixture of additives, such as solid Ingredients allowed for the foam formed.
- the foam generator for an earth pressure plate tunnel boring machine comprises a mixing chamber, which has a first inlet port for a foamable fluid and a second inlet port for a gas and a foam exit port, a liquid supply device connected to the inlet port for the foamable fluid and a gas supply device connected to the inlet port for the gas.
- a first and a second inlet opening and an outlet opening further such inlet or outlet openings may also be provided.
- the mixing chamber has a tubular flow chamber, at one end of which the inlet opening for the foamable liquid and at the other end of which the foam outlet opening is located. This tubular flow chamber basically does not need to have either a constant or a circular cross-section and, moreover, can also be curved.
- a section of the tubular flow chamber is designed as a gassing section with a gas-permeable porous wall.
- the section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section is surrounded by a pressure chamber.
- the pressure chamber has the inlet opening for the gas and surrounds the portion of the tubular flow chamber formed as Begasungsumble such that the supplied through the inlet opening under a pressure gas enters through the gas-permeable porous wall in the tubular flow chamber and there with the foamable liquid to foam mixed.
- the gas supply device and the liquid supply device are formed so that the pressure of the gas supplied to the pressure chamber can be adjusted so that the pressure is greater than the pressure exerted by the liquid on the gas-permeable porous wall and that a desired ratio of supplied gas to supplied liquid is achieved.
- a basic idea of the invention consists of narrow-meshed barriers, such as the lattices, holding sieves or glass bead packs or the porous foam generators known from the aforementioned utility model, from the flow path between the surfactant solution inlet and the foam outlet opening keep out because such close-meshed barriers can become clogged due to particles contained in the solution.
- the gas supply device and the liquid supply device are designed so that the pressure of the gas supplied to the pressure chamber can be adjusted so that the pressure 0.5 to 2 bar, preferably 1 to 2 bar, greater than the pressure of Liquid is. This allows sufficient access of air for a desired ratio between foam volume flow and fluid delivery, i. a desired FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).
- the pressure chamber can adjoin the flow chamber on one side; Preferably, it surrounds or encloses the flow chamber partially or completely (except for the inlet and outlet ports).
- the section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section has a constant flow cross-section.
- the portion of the tubular flow chamber also has a circular cross-section. This simplifies the production.
- the section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section is a hollow cylinder with a gas-permeable porous wall extending between the inlet opening for the foamable liquid and the foam outlet opening.
- the hollow cylinder has a gas-permeable porous wall of constant thickness.
- the gas supplied is air (i.e., compressed air) and the gas supply device is a compressor.
- the foamable liquid is a water-surfactant mixture and the liquid supply device comprises a water-surfactant mixing device with which the quantitative ratio of water and surfactant can be adjusted.
- a foam is provided by providing at least one foam generator with a tubular flow chamber, supplying a foamable liquid to the foam generator at one end of a tubular flow chamber, and a gas flow passage portion of the tubular flow chamber porous gas is supplied to a foaming liquid in the flow chamber with the foamable liquid mixing gas by a pressure chamber which surrounds the gassing section formed section, the gas is supplied under a pressure which is greater than that of the liquid on the gas-permeable porous Wall applied pressure is.
- a foam generator with a Begasungs a predetermined length, a predetermined flow cross-section and a predetermined pore size and density provided and the ratio of supplied gas is adjusted to supplied liquid, so that a desired structure and size of the foam bubbles.
- the foam exiting the other end of the tubular flow chamber is fed to the excavation chamber and mixed with the excavated soil.
- the gas is supplied to the pressure chamber at a pressure which is 0.5 to 2 bar, preferably 1 to 2 bar, greater than the pressure of the liquid. This allows for a desired ratio between foam volume flow and fluid delivery, i. a desired FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).
- the foam is supplied to the excavation chamber at a pressure which is 1 to 2 bar greater than the pressure in the excavation chamber. This allows the injection of desired amounts of foam.
- the foam emerging from the tubular flow chamber is at several injection sites in the Discharge chamber supplied to achieve a desired distribution of the foam.
- the foam emerging from the tubular flow chamber can be supplied to injection sites on a cutting wheel and to a side of a pressure wall facing the excavation chamber.
- the foam exiting the tubular flow chamber may be supplied to injection sites in a screw conveyor conveying the excavated soil from the excavation chamber.
- the foam generator at the one end of the tubular flow chamber is supplied together with the foamable liquid, a solid.
- the solid contains a bentonite powder or granules. The advantage of a barrier-free flow through the surfactant solution through the flow channel is utilized.
- the foam generator is provided with a Begasungsumble a predetermined length, a predetermined flow cross-section and a predetermined pore size and density depending on the nature of the removed soil by using a selected parameters of the excavated soil serving as Begasungsumble hollow cylinder length and predetermined internal cross-section is selected with a gas-permeable porous wall predetermined pore size and density for the foam generator.
- This allows for easy adaptation of the foam composition to changing soil conditions.
- the differently shaped, serving as a gassing hollow cylinder can be easily replaced.
- a plurality of gassing sections may be arranged in parallel in terms of flow, in which case a gassing section having the selected parameters is selected from the plurality of gassing sections arranged in parallel with respect to flow, by the supply of Liquid and gas to the other fumigation routes is blocked.
- Naturally grown soils often do not have the geological properties that would be required so that only the excavated soil in the excavation chamber serve as a support medium can. Therefore, conditioning agents are added.
- water, clays (including bentonite), polymers and foams are used as conditioning agents in earth pressure shields. While water, clays and polymers are mainly used for the conditioning of fine-grained soils, with coarse-grained soils, surfactant foams are usually introduced into the soil-filled decomposition chamber 3 in order to condition it.
- the surfactant foams usually consist of a large proportion of air, a proportion of water and a small amount of a surfactant.
- FIG. 1 shows a surfactant solution tank 16, to which a surfactant from a reservoir 17 and water via a line 18 are supplied.
- the surfactant solution is fed via a line 15 to a foam generator 14.
- the foam generator 14 is supplied via a line 19 compressed air.
- a (in FIG. 1 not shown) control device ensures that the surfactants and the supplied water are mixed in a predetermined ratio and fed to the tank 16 and that the surfactant solution via the line 15 and the compressed air via line 19 in a predetermined ratio and at predetermined pressures the foam generator 14 are supplied.
- a foam is produced from the surfactant solution and the compressed air, which is then fed via a line 8 to a distributor 9.
- the distributor 9 distributes the foam via lines 10 to injection points 11 in the cutting wheel 2 and via further lines 7 to injection points 12 on the pressure wall 4 as well as injection points 13 in the screw conveyor 5.
- a (in FIG. 1 not shown) control device controls the respective injection sites 11, 12 and 13 supplied amounts of foam by a corresponding locations of the arranged in the lines control valves.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows only a foam generator 14.
- a foam generator 14 may alternatively be coupled into the flow path and which may also produce different foams.
- separate foam generators may be provided for the different injection sites, allowing the parameters of the foams injected at the different injection sites to be adapted to the nature of the mixture at the respective injection sites.
- the nature of the soil may change, so that the parameters of the foam, such as the ratio of air and liquid or the size of the foam bubbles, may be varied depending on the soil quality detected, until a satisfactory result for propulsion is obtained becomes.
- the parameters of the foam such as the ratio of air and liquid or the size of the foam bubbles
- the desired foam parameters such as the foaming rate FER and the foam pore size, with the help of the foam generator according to the invention described below.
- the foam generator 14 allows, in addition, a solids content, for example a clay (in particular bentonite), to be added to the surfactant solution fed in via line 15. This is for example the stabilization of loose soil. This option expands the field of application of earth pressure shields.
- a solids content for example a clay (in particular bentonite)
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the foam generator according to the invention 14.
- a housing consists of two housing shells 20, 21, which are pressed together by means of bolts 31, wherein a seal 30 between the housing halves 20 and 21 is arranged.
- Housing half 21 shown below has an inlet opening 22 into which a surfactant solution can enter.
- the upper housing shell 20 has a foam outlet opening 24.
- Inside the Foam generator 14 is between the housing shells 20 and 21, a hollow cylinder 25 with a porous wall 26 arranged such that an end face 27A of the hollow cylinder 25 is tightly against a front wall of the housing shell 21, so that the inflow into the inlet opening 22 surfactant completely into a flow chamber 28th inside the hollow cylinder 25 occurs.
- the other end face 27B of the hollow cylinder is also tightly connected to an end face of the housing shell 20, so that the foam emerging from the flow chamber 28 completely exits the outlet opening 24.
- the hollow cylinder 25 can be used with a porous wall 26 between the housing shells 20 and 21, so that after assembling and tightening the bolts 31, both the hollow cylinder with its end faces 27 A and 27 B at sealing surfaces of Housing shells rests as well as both housing shells are pressed tightly together.
- a pressure chamber 29 surrounds the hollow cylinder 25. This pressure chamber 29 is connected to an inlet port 23 for compressed air. The compressed air flowing into the pressure chamber 29 via the inlet opening 23 penetrates via the pores of the wall 26 of the hollow cylinder 25 into the flow chamber 28, so that small air bubbles are added to the surfactant solution flowing through the flow chamber 28.
- the pore size of the foam and the ratio between liquid and air, ie the foaming rate, depend on the one hand on the dimensions of the hollow cylinder and the pore size of the wall 26, on the other hand on the pressure ratios, ie the pressure of the air in the pressure chamber 29 and the pressure of the liquid
- the pressure of the foam at the outlet opening 24 should preferably be 1 - 2 bar above the pressure in the excavation chamber 3 at the inlet opening 22 and the pressure in the associated with the outlet opening 24.
- the air pressure in the pressure chamber 29 is then between 1 and 2 bar above the Pressure of the surfactant-water mixture at the inlet opening 22. In the usually occurring in the excavation chamber 3 pressures then results in an air pressure in the pressure chamber 29 of 1.5 - 6.5 bar.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the in FIG. 2
- the two housing halves 20 and 21 are held together with six stud bolts 31. It is in FIG. 3 to recognize the radially flanged to the housing shell 21 nozzle with the air inlet opening 23.
- a plurality of parallelly arranged hollow cylinders with flow chambers 28 may be arranged in the pressure chamber formed by the housing shells 20, 21. It is also conceivable, conversely, for a concentric tube with a porous wall to be arranged inside a cylindrical flow chamber through which the surfactant liquid flows, the compressed air being supplied to the interior of this tube, so that the air is directed outward through the porous wall is pressed into the surrounding flow chamber.
- the porous walls between one or more pressure chambers and one or more flow chambers may be planar plates, the chambers being disposed in parallel adjacent one another.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Ein Schaumgenerator (14) für eine Erddruckschild-Tunnelvortriebsmaschine umfasst eine Mischkammer mit einer ersten Einlassöffnung (22) für eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit und einer zweiten Einlassöffnung (23) für ein Gas sowie einer Schaumaustrittsöffnung (24), eine mit der ersten Einlassöffnung (22) verbundene Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung und eine mit der zweiten Einlassöffnung (23) verbundene Gaszuführvorrichtung. Die Mischkammer enthält eine rohrförmige Strömungskammer (28) mit der ersten Einlassöffnung (22) an einem Ende und der Schaumaustrittsöffnung (24) am anderen Ende. Ein Abschnitt der Strömungskammer (28) ist als Begasungsstrecke mit einer gasdurchlässigen porösen Wandung (26) ausgebildet und grenzt an eine die zweite Einlassöffnung (23) aufweisende Druckkammer (29) derart an, dass das durch die zweite Einlassöffnung (23) unter einem Druck zugeführte Gas durch die poröse Wandung (26) in die Strömungskammer (28) eintritt und sich dort mit der Flüssigkeit unter Schaumbildung mischt.A foam generator (14) for an earth-pressure tunneling machine comprises a mixing chamber having a first inlet port (22) for a foamable fluid and a second inlet port (23) for a gas and a foam exit port (24) connected to the first port (22) A liquid supply device and a gas supply device connected to the second inlet port (23). The mixing chamber includes a tubular flow chamber (28) having the first inlet opening (22) at one end and the foam exit opening (24) at the other end. A portion of the flow chamber (28) is formed as a gassing with a gas-permeable porous wall (26) and adjacent to a second inlet opening (23) having pressure chamber (29) such that through the second inlet port (23) supplied under a pressure Gas enters through the porous wall (26) in the flow chamber (28) and mixes there with the liquid to foam.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schaumgenerator für eine Erddruckschild-Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einer Mischkammer, die eine erste Einlassöffnung für eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit und eine zweite Einlassöffnung für ein Gas sowie eine Schaumaustrittsöffnung aufweist, einer mit der Einlassöffnung für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit verbundenen Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung und einer mit der Einlassöffnung für das Gas verbundenen Gaszuführvorrichtung, wobei die Mischkammer eine rohrförmige Strömungskammer aufweist, an deren einem Ende sich die Einlassöffnung für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit und an deren anderem Ende sich die Schaumaustrittsöffnung befindet, sowie ein Verfahren zum Konditionieren abgetragenen Bodenmaterials als Stützmedium für ein Erddruckschild einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine, bei dem Boden abgetragen und einer Abbaukammer der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zugeführt wird, in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens ein Schaum bereitgestellt wird, indem wenigstens ein Schaumgenerator mit einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer bereitgestellt wird und dem Schaumgenerator an einem Ende einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird, und der an dem anderen Ende der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum der Abbaukammer zugeführt und mit dem abgetragenen Boden gemischt wird.The invention relates to a foam generator for a Erddruckschild tunnel boring machine with a mixing chamber having a first inlet opening for a foamable liquid and a second inlet opening for a gas and a foam outlet opening, one connected to the inlet opening for the foamable liquid Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung and one with the inlet opening for the gas-connected gas supply device, the mixing chamber having a tubular flow chamber at one end of which the foamable liquid inlet and at the other end the foam discharge orifice, and a method of conditioning excavated soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield of a tunnel boring machine removed from the ground and fed to a excavation chamber of the tunnel boring machine, a foam is provided depending on the nature of the excavated soil By providing at least one foam generator having a tubular flow chamber and supplying a foamable liquid to the foam generator at one end of a tubular flow chamber, the foam leaving the other end of the tubular flow chamber is fed to the extraction chamber and mixed with the excavated soil.
Ein Schaumgenerator für eine Erddruckschild-Tunnelvortriebsmaschine und ein Verfahren zum Konditionieren abgetragenen Bodenmaterials als Stützmedium für ein Erddruckschild einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine sind bekannt aus
Bei diesen bekannten Schaumgeneratoren wird zunächst eine Tensidlösung durch Mischen von Wasser und Tensid bereitgestellt und diese Tensidlösung einem Schaumgenerator zugeführt und dort mit Luft vermischt. Das Luft-Tensidlösung-Gemisch wird dann durch einen Strömungskanal geleitet, der Störkörper enthält. Die Störkörper umfassen quer zur Strömungsrichtung angeordnete Gitter und/oder im Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen Haltesieben angeordnete Glaskugeln. Diese Störkörper erzeugen Verwirbelungen und dadurch Schaum, der dann in die Abbaukammer geleitet wird.In these known foam generators, a surfactant solution is first prepared by mixing water and surfactant, and this surfactant solution is fed to a foam generator where it is mixed with air. The air-surfactant solution mixture is then passed through a flow channel containing contaminants. The disruptive bodies comprise grids arranged transversely to the flow direction and / or glass spheres arranged in the flow cross section between holding sieves. These bluff bodies generate turbulence and thereby foam, which is then passed into the excavation chamber.
Struktur und Größe der so erzeugten Schaumbläschen sind mehr oder weniger zufällig und können nicht auf die Beschaffenheit des anstehenden Bodens abgestimmt werden.The structure and size of the foam bubbles thus produced are more or less random and can not be tailored to the nature of the pending soil.
Ferner ist aus dem Gebrauchsmuster
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schaumgenerator bzw. ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der bzw. das eine Abstimmung von Struktur und Größe der erzeugten Schaumbläschen auf die Beschaffenheit des anstehenden Bodens ermöglicht und zugleich eine Beimischung von Zusätzen, wie insbesondere festen Bestandteilen, zu dem gebildeten Schaum ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a foam generator and a method of the type mentioned above, which allows a vote of structure and size of the foam bubbles produced on the nature of the pending soil and at the same time an admixture of additives, such as solid Ingredients allowed for the foam formed.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Schaumgenerator für eine Erddruckschild-Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. ein Verfahren zum Konditionieren abgetragenen Bodenmaterials als Stützmedium für ein Erddruckschild einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst.This object is achieved by a foam generator for a Erddruckschild tunnel boring machine with the features of claim 1 and a method for conditioning abraded soil material as a support medium for Erddruckschild a tunnel boring machine with the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße Schaumgenerator für eine Erddruckschild-Tunnelvortriebsmaschine umfasst eine Mischkammer, die eine erste Einlassöffnung für eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit und eine zweite Einlassöffnung für ein Gas sowie eine Schaumaustrittsöffnung aufweist, eine mit der Einlassöffnung für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit verbundene Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung und eine mit der Einlassöffnung für das Gas verbundene Gaszuführvorrichtung. Zusätzlich zu einer ersten und einer zweiten Einlassöffnung sowie einer Auslassöffnung können auch weitere solcher Einlass- bzw. Auslassöffnungen vorgesehen sein. Die Mischkammer weist eine rohrförmige Strömungskammer auf, an deren einem Ende sich die Einlassöffnung für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit und an deren anderem Ende sich die Schaumaustrittsöffnung befindet. Diese rohrförmige Strömungskammer braucht grundsätzlich weder einen konstanten noch einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt zu haben und kann darüber hinaus auch gekrümmt sein. Ein Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer ist als Begasungsstrecke mit einer gasdurchlässigen porösen Wandung ausgebildet. Der als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildete Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer ist von einer Druckkammer umgeben. Die Druckkammer weist die Einlassöffnung für das Gas auf und umschließt den als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer derart, dass das durch die Einlassöffnung unter einem Druck zugeführte Gas durch die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung in die rohrförmige Strömungskammer eintritt und sich dort mit der schäumbaren Flüssigkeit unter Schaumbildung mischt. Die Gaszuführvorrichtung und die Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung sind so ausgebildet, dass der Druck des der Druckkammer zugeführten Gases so eingestellt werden kann, dass der Druck größer als der von der Flüssigkeit auf die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung ausgeübte Druck ist und dass ein gewünschtes Verhältnis von zugeführtem Gas zu zugeführter Flüssigkeit erzielt wird.The foam generator for an earth pressure plate tunnel boring machine according to the invention comprises a mixing chamber, which has a first inlet port for a foamable fluid and a second inlet port for a gas and a foam exit port, a liquid supply device connected to the inlet port for the foamable fluid and a gas supply device connected to the inlet port for the gas. In addition to a first and a second inlet opening and an outlet opening, further such inlet or outlet openings may also be provided. The mixing chamber has a tubular flow chamber, at one end of which the inlet opening for the foamable liquid and at the other end of which the foam outlet opening is located. This tubular flow chamber basically does not need to have either a constant or a circular cross-section and, moreover, can also be curved. A section of the tubular flow chamber is designed as a gassing section with a gas-permeable porous wall. The section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section is surrounded by a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber has the inlet opening for the gas and surrounds the portion of the tubular flow chamber formed as Begasungsstrecke such that the supplied through the inlet opening under a pressure gas enters through the gas-permeable porous wall in the tubular flow chamber and there with the foamable liquid to foam mixed. The gas supply device and the liquid supply device are formed so that the pressure of the gas supplied to the pressure chamber can be adjusted so that the pressure is greater than the pressure exerted by the liquid on the gas-permeable porous wall and that a desired ratio of supplied gas to supplied liquid is achieved.
Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, engmaschige Barrieren, wie sie die Gitter, Haltesiebe oder Glasperlenpackungen oder der aus dem o.g. Gebrauchsmuster bekannte poröse Schaumerzeuger darstellen, aus dem Strömungsweg zwischen Tensidlösungseintritt und Schaumauslassöffnung herauszuhalten, weil sich solche engmaschigen Barrieren aufgrund von in der Lösung enthaltenen Partikeln zusetzen können.A basic idea of the invention consists of narrow-meshed barriers, such as the lattices, holding sieves or glass bead packs or the porous foam generators known from the aforementioned utility model, from the flow path between the surfactant solution inlet and the foam outlet opening keep out because such close-meshed barriers can become clogged due to particles contained in the solution.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind die Gaszuführvorrichtung und die Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung so ausgebildet, dass der Druck des der Druckkammer zugeführten Gases so eingestellt werden kann, dass der Druck 0,5 bis 2 bar, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 bar, größer als der Druck der Flüssigkeit ist. Dies gestattet einen ausreichenden Zutritt von Luft für ein gewünschtes Verhältnis zwischen Schaumvolumenstrom und Flüssigkeitszufuhr, d.h. ein gewünschtes FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the gas supply device and the liquid supply device are designed so that the pressure of the gas supplied to the pressure chamber can be adjusted so that the pressure 0.5 to 2 bar, preferably 1 to 2 bar, greater than the pressure of Liquid is. This allows sufficient access of air for a desired ratio between foam volume flow and fluid delivery, i. a desired FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).
Die Druckkammer kann an die Strömungskammer einseitig angrenzen; vorzugsweise umgibt oder umschließt sie die Strömungskammer teilweise oder vollständig (mit Ausnahme der Einlass- und Auslassöffnung).The pressure chamber can adjoin the flow chamber on one side; Preferably, it surrounds or encloses the flow chamber partially or completely (except for the inlet and outlet ports).
Bei einer Ausführungsform weist der als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildete Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer einen konstanten Strömungsquerschnitt auf. Vorzugsweise weist der Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer auch einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Dies vereinfacht die Herstellung.In one embodiment, the section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section has a constant flow cross-section. Preferably, the portion of the tubular flow chamber also has a circular cross-section. This simplifies the production.
Bei einer Ausführungsform des Schaumgenerators ist der als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildete Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer ein sich zwischen der Einlassöffnung für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit und der Schaumaustrittsöffnung erstreckender Hohlzylinder mit gasdurchlässiger poröser Wandung. Vorzugsweise weist der Hohlzylinder eine gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung konstanter Dicke auf.In one embodiment of the foam generator, the section of the tubular flow chamber designed as a gassing section is a hollow cylinder with a gas-permeable porous wall extending between the inlet opening for the foamable liquid and the foam outlet opening. Preferably, the hollow cylinder has a gas-permeable porous wall of constant thickness.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das zugeführte Gas Luft (d.h. Druckluft) und umfasst die Gaszuführvorrichtung einen Kompressor. Dabei ist die schäumbare Flüssigkeit ein Wasser-Tensid-Gemisch und die Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung umfasst eine Wasser-Tensid-Mischvorrichtung, mit der das Mengenverhältnis von Wasser und Tensid eingestellt werden kann.In a preferred embodiment, the gas supplied is air (i.e., compressed air) and the gas supply device is a compressor. In this case, the foamable liquid is a water-surfactant mixture and the liquid supply device comprises a water-surfactant mixing device with which the quantitative ratio of water and surfactant can be adjusted.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Konditionieren abgetragenen Bodenmaterials als Stützmedium für ein Erddruckschild einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine wird Boden abgetragen und einer Abbaukammer der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zugeführt. In Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens wird ein Schaum bereitgestellt, indem wenigstens ein Schaumgenerator mit einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer bereitgestellt wird, dem Schaumgenerator an einem Ende einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird, und einem als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer durch dessen gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung hindurch ein sich in der Strömungskammer mit der schäumbaren Flüssigkeit unter Schaumbildung mischendes Gas zugeführt wird, indem einer Druckkammer, die den als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt umschließt, das Gas unter einem Druck zugeführt wird, der größer als der von der Flüssigkeit auf die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung ausgeübte Druck ist. Dabei wird - in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens - ein Schaumgenerator mit einer Begasungsstrecke einer vorgegebenen Länge, eines vorgegebenen Strömungsquerschnitts und einer vorgegebenen Porengröße und -dichte bereitgestellt und wird das Verhältnis von zugeführtem Gas zu zugeführter Flüssigkeit eingestellt, so dass sich eine gewünschte Struktur und Größe der Schaumbläschen ergeben. Der an dem anderen Ende der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum wird der Abbaukammer zugeführt und mit dem abgetragenen Boden gemischt.In the method according to the invention for conditioning removed soil material as support medium for an earth pressure shield of a tunnel boring machine, soil is removed and a excavation chamber of the tunnel boring machine fed. Depending on the nature of the excavated soil, a foam is provided by providing at least one foam generator with a tubular flow chamber, supplying a foamable liquid to the foam generator at one end of a tubular flow chamber, and a gas flow passage portion of the tubular flow chamber porous gas is supplied to a foaming liquid in the flow chamber with the foamable liquid mixing gas by a pressure chamber which surrounds the gassing section formed section, the gas is supplied under a pressure which is greater than that of the liquid on the gas-permeable porous Wall applied pressure is. In this case - depending on the nature of the removed soil - a foam generator with a Begasungsstrecke a predetermined length, a predetermined flow cross-section and a predetermined pore size and density provided and the ratio of supplied gas is adjusted to supplied liquid, so that a desired structure and size of the foam bubbles. The foam exiting the other end of the tubular flow chamber is fed to the excavation chamber and mixed with the excavated soil.
Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Gas der Druckkammer unter einem Druck zugeführt, der 0,5 bis 2 bar, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 bar, größer als der Druck der Flüssigkeit ist. Dies gestattet ein gewünschtes Verhältnis zwischen Schaumvolumenstrom und Flüssigkeitszufuhr, d.h. ein gewünschtes FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the gas is supplied to the pressure chamber at a pressure which is 0.5 to 2 bar, preferably 1 to 2 bar, greater than the pressure of the liquid. This allows for a desired ratio between foam volume flow and fluid delivery, i. a desired FER (Foam Expansion Ratio).
Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Schaum der Abbaukammer mit einem Druck zugeführt, der 1 bis 2 bar größer als der Druck in der Abbaukammer ist. Dies gestattet das Einpressen gewünschter Schaummengen.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the foam is supplied to the excavation chamber at a pressure which is 1 to 2 bar greater than the pressure in the excavation chamber. This allows the injection of desired amounts of foam.
Vorzugsweise wird der aus der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum an mehreren Injektionsstellen in der Abbaukammer zugeführt, um eine gewünschte Verteilung des Schaums zu erzielen. Dabei kann der aus der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum an Injektionsstellen an einem Schneidrad sowie an einer der Abbaukammer zugewandten Seite einer Druckwand zugeführt werden. Zusätzlich kann der aus der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum an Injektionsstellen in einer den abgetragenen Boden aus der Abbaukammer fördernden Förderschnecke zugeführt werden.Preferably, the foam emerging from the tubular flow chamber is at several injection sites in the Discharge chamber supplied to achieve a desired distribution of the foam. In this case, the foam emerging from the tubular flow chamber can be supplied to injection sites on a cutting wheel and to a side of a pressure wall facing the excavation chamber. In addition, the foam exiting the tubular flow chamber may be supplied to injection sites in a screw conveyor conveying the excavated soil from the excavation chamber.
Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des Verfahrens zum Konditionieren abgetragenen Bodenmaterials als Stützmedium für ein Erddruckschild einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine wird dem Schaumgenerator an dem einen Ende der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer zusammen mit der schäumbaren Flüssigkeit ein Feststoff zugeführt. Vorzugsweise enthält der Feststoff ein Bentonitpulver oder -granulat. Dabei wird der Vorzug einer barrierefreien Durchströmens der Tensidlösung durch den Strömungskanal ausgenutzt.In a preferred embodiment of the method for conditioning abraded soil material as a support medium for Erddruckschild a tunnel boring machine, the foam generator at the one end of the tubular flow chamber is supplied together with the foamable liquid, a solid. Preferably, the solid contains a bentonite powder or granules. The advantage of a barrier-free flow through the surfactant solution through the flow channel is utilized.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird der Schaumgenerator mit einer Begasungsstrecke einer vorgegebenen Länge, eines vorgegebenen Strömungsquerschnitts und einer vorgegebenen Porengröße und -dichte in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens bereitgestellt, indem anhand von ausgewählten Parametern des abgetragenen Bodens ein als Begasungsstrecke dienender Hohlzylinder vorgegebenen Länge und vorgegebenen Innenquerschnitts mit einer gasdurchlässigen porösen Wandung vorgegebener Porengröße und -dichte für den Schaumgenerator ausgewählt wird. Dies gestattet eine einfache Anpassung der Schaumzusammensetzung an sich ändernde Bodenverhältnisse. Die verschieden ausgebildeten, als Begasungsstrecken dienenden Hohlzylinder können einfach ausgewechselt werden.In a preferred embodiment, the foam generator is provided with a Begasungsstrecke a predetermined length, a predetermined flow cross-section and a predetermined pore size and density depending on the nature of the removed soil by using a selected parameters of the excavated soil serving as Begasungsstrecke hollow cylinder length and predetermined internal cross-section is selected with a gas-permeable porous wall predetermined pore size and density for the foam generator. This allows for easy adaptation of the foam composition to changing soil conditions. The differently shaped, serving as a gassing hollow cylinder can be easily replaced.
Alternativ können bei einer Ausführungsform mehrere Begasungsstrecken strömungstechnisch parallel angeordnet sein, wobei dann aus den mehreren strömungstechnisch parallel angeordneten Begasungsstrecken eine Begasungsstrecke mit den gewählten Parametern ausgewählt wird, indem die Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit und Gas zu den anderen Begasungsstrecken gesperrt wird.Alternatively, in one embodiment, a plurality of gassing sections may be arranged in parallel in terms of flow, in which case a gassing section having the selected parameters is selected from the plurality of gassing sections arranged in parallel with respect to flow, by the supply of Liquid and gas to the other fumigation routes is blocked.
Vorteilhafte und/oder bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and / or preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert werden. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
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Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit den für die Erfindung wesentlichen Elementen; -
eine schematische Längsschnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schaumgenerators; undFigur 2 -
Figur 3 eine schematische Querschnittansicht des Schaumgenerators gemäß .Figur 2 -
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einige für die vorliegende Erfindung wesentliche Elemente einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine 1.
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FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a tunnel boring machine with the essential elements of the invention; -
FIG. 2 a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a foam generator according to the invention; and -
FIG. 3 a schematic cross-sectional view of the foam generator according toFIG. 2 , -
FIG. 1 1 schematically shows some elements of a tunnel boring machine 1 essential to the present invention.
Natürlich gewachsene Böden haben oftmals nicht diejenigen geologischen Eigenschaften, die erforderlich wären, damit allein der abgetragene Boden in der Abbaukammer als Stützmedium dienen kann. Deshalb werden Konditionierungsmittel zugemischt. Gegenwärtig werden Wasser, Tone (unter anderem Bentonit), Polymere und Schäume als Konditionierungsmittel bei Erddruckschilden eingesetzt. Während Wasser, Tone und Polymere hauptsächlich für die Konditionierung von feinkörnigen Böden herangezogen werden, werden bei grobkörnigen Böden üblicherweise Tensidschäume in die mit gelöstem Boden gefüllte Abbaukammer 3 eingebracht, um diesen zu konditionieren. Die Tensidschäume bestehen normalerweise aus einem Großteil Luft, einem Anteil Wasser und einer geringen Menge eines Tensids.Naturally grown soils often do not have the geological properties that would be required so that only the excavated soil in the excavation chamber serve as a support medium can. Therefore, conditioning agents are added. Currently, water, clays (including bentonite), polymers and foams are used as conditioning agents in earth pressure shields. While water, clays and polymers are mainly used for the conditioning of fine-grained soils, with coarse-grained soils, surfactant foams are usually introduced into the soil-filled decomposition chamber 3 in order to condition it. The surfactant foams usually consist of a large proportion of air, a proportion of water and a small amount of a surfactant.
Zur Herstellung der Tensidschäume wird zunächst eine Tensidlösung bereitgestellt, indem Wasser und Tensid in einem vorgegebenen Verhältnis zusammengeführt und zur Tensidlösung vermischt werden.
In dem nachfolgend näher beschriebenen Schaumgenerator 14 wird aus der Tensidlösung und der Druckluft ein Schaum erzeugt, der dann über eine Leitung 8 einem Verteiler 9 zugeführt wird. Der Verteiler 9 verteilt den Schaum über Leitungen 10 an Injektionsstellen 11 im Schneidrad 2 und über weitere Leitungen 7 an Injektionsstellen 12 an der Druckwand 4 sowie Injektionsstellen 13 im Schneckenförderer 5.In the
Eine (in
Während des Vortriebs kann sich die Beschaffenheit des Bodens ändern, so dass die Parameter des Schaumes, wie beispielsweise das Verhältnis von Luft und Flüssigkeit oder die Größe der Schaumbläschen, in Abhängigkeit von der festgestellten Bodenqualität variiert werden können, bis ein für den Vortrieb zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis erreicht wird. Durch Vorversuche kann man für eine jeweils anzutreffende Bodenzusammensetzung eine optimale Porengröße des Tensidschaumes ermitteln. Auf der Grundlage dieser experimentell ermittelten Zusammenhänge kann man mit Hilfe des nachfolgend näher beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Schaumgenerators dann in Abhängigkeit vom anstehenden Boden die gewünschten Schaumparameter einstellen, wie beispielsweise die Aufschäumrate FER und die Schaumporengröße. Darüber hinaus gestattet es der erfindungsgemäße Schaumgenerator 14, dass zusätzlich der über Leitung 15 zugeführten Tensidlösung ein Feststoffanteil, beispielsweise ein Ton (insbesondere Bentonit) zugegeben werden kann. Dies dient beispielsweise der Stabilisierung von Lockerböden. Durch diese Möglichkeit wird das Einsatzgebiet von Erddruckschilden erweitert.During propulsion, the nature of the soil may change, so that the parameters of the foam, such as the ratio of air and liquid or the size of the foam bubbles, may be varied depending on the soil quality detected, until a satisfactory result for propulsion is obtained becomes. By means of preliminary tests, it is possible to determine an optimum pore size of the surfactant foam for a soil composition which is found in each case. On the basis of these experimentally determined relationships, it is then possible to adjust the desired foam parameters, such as the foaming rate FER and the foam pore size, with the help of the foam generator according to the invention described below. In addition, the
Wenn die Gehäuseschalen 20 und 21 voneinander getrennt sind, kann der Hohlzylinder 25 mit poröser Wandung 26 zwischen die Gehäuseschalen 20 und 21 eingesetzt werden, so dass nach dem Zusammensetzen und dem Festziehen der Schraubbolzen 31 sowohl der Hohlzylinder mit seinen Stirnflächen 27A und 27B an Dichtflächen der Gehäuseschalen anliegt als auch beide Gehäuseschalen dicht aufeinander gepresst sind. Im Inneren der Gehäuseschalen 20 und 21 umgibt eine Druckkammer 29 den Hohlzylinder 25. Diese Druckkammer 29 ist mit einer Einlassöffnung 23 für Druckluft verbunden. Die über die Einlassöffnung 23 in die Druckkammer 29 einströmende Druckluft dringt über die Poren der Wandung 26 des Hohlzylinders 25 in die Strömungskammer 28 ein, so dass kleine Luftbläschen der durch die Strömungskammer 28 strömenden Tensidlösung zugemischt werden. Dabei entsteht ein Schaum, der durch die Auslassöffnung 24 austritt. Die Porengröße des Schaums sowie das Verhältnis zwischen Flüssigkeit und Luft, d. h. die Aufschäumrate, hängen einerseits von den Abmessungen des Hohlzylinders und der Porengröße der Wandung 26 ab, andererseits von den Druckverhältnissen, d. h. dem Druck der Luft in der Druckkammer 29 und dem Druck der Flüssigkeit an der Eintrittsöffnung 22 sowie dem Druck in der mit der Auslassöffnung 24 verbundenen Abbaukammer 3. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass der Druck des Schaumes an der Auslassöffnung 24 vorzugsweise 1 - 2 bar über dem Druck in der Abbaukammer 3 liegen sollte. Der Luftdruck in der Druckkammer 29 liegt dann zwischen 1 und 2 bar über dem Druck des Tensid-Wasser-Gemisches an der Einlassöffnung 22. Bei den üblicherweise in der Abbaukammer 3 auftretenden Drücken ergibt sich dann ein Luftdruck in der Druckkammer 29 von 1,5 - 6,5 bar.If the
Im Rahmen des Erfindungsgedankens sind zahlreiche alternative Ausführungsformen denkbar. Beispielsweise können in der von den Gehäuseschalen 20, 21 gebildeten Druckkammer mehrere parallel angeordnete Hohlzylinder mit Strömungskammern 28 angeordnet sein. Auch ist es umgekehrt denkbar, dass innerhalb einer zylindrischen Strömungskammer, die von der Tensidflüssigkeit durchströmt wird, ein beispielsweise konzentrisches Rohr mit einer porösen Wandung angeordnet ist, wobei die Druckluft dem Innenraum dieses Rohres zugeführt wird, so dass die Luft über die poröse Wandung nach außen in die sie umgebende Strömungskammer gedrückt wird. Bei noch einer anderen Ausführungsform können die porösen Wandungen zwischen einer oder mehreren Druckkammern und einer oder mehreren Strömungskammern ebene Platten sein, wobei die Kammern parallel benachbart zueinander angeordnet sind.Numerous alternative embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the inventive concept. For example, a plurality of parallelly arranged hollow cylinders with
Claims (19)
einer Mischkammer, die eine erste Einlassöffnung (22) für eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit und eine zweite Einlassöffnung (23) für ein Gas sowie eine Schaumaustrittsöffnung (24) aufweist,
einer mit der Einlassöffnung (22) für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit verbundenen Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung (15 - 18) und
einer mit der Einlassöffnung (23) für das Gas verbundenen Gaszuführvorrichtung (19),
wobei die Mischkammer eine rohrförmige Strömungskammer (28) aufweist, an deren einem Ende sich die Einlassöffnung (22) für die schäumbare Flüssigkeit und an deren anderem Ende sich die Schaumaustrittsöffnung (24) befindet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass ein Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer (28) als Begasungsstrecke mit einer gasdurchlässigen porösen Wandung (26) ausgebildet ist,
dass der als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildete Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer (28) an eine Druckkammer (29) angrenzt,
dass die Druckkammer (29) die Einlassöffnung (23) für das Gas aufweist und an den als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer (28) derart angrenzt, dass das durch die Einlassöffnung (23) unter einem Druck zugeführte Gas durch die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung (26) in die rohrförmige Strömungskammer (28) eintritt und sich dort mit der schäumbaren Flüssigkeit unter Schaumbildung mischt, und
dass die Gaszuführvorrichtung (19) und die Flüssigkeitszuführvorrichtung (15 - 18) so ausgebildet sind, dass der Druck des der Druckkammer (29) zugeführten Gases so eingestellt werden kann, dass der Druck größer als der von der Flüssigkeit auf die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung (26) ausgeübte Druck ist und dass ein gewünschtes Verhältnis von zugeführtem Gas zu zugeführter Flüssigkeit erzielt wird.Foam generator (14) for a Erddruckschild tunnel boring machine (1) with
a mixing chamber having a first inlet opening (22) for a foamable liquid and a second inlet opening (23) for a gas and a foam outlet opening (24),
a liquid supply device (15-18) connected to the inlet port (22) for the foamable liquid; and
a gas supply device (19) connected to the inlet port (23) for the gas,
wherein the mixing chamber has a tubular flow chamber (28) at one end of which the inlet opening (22) for the foamable liquid and at the other end of which the foam outlet opening (24) is located,
characterized,
that a portion of the tubular flow chamber (28) is designed as a gas supply Allows with a gas-permeable porous wall (26),
in that the section of the tubular flow chamber (28) designed as a gassing section adjoins a pressure chamber (29),
in that the pressure chamber (29) has the inlet opening (23) for the gas and adjoins the section of the tubular flow chamber (28) that is formed as a gassing path such that the gas supplied under pressure through the inlet opening (23) passes through the gas-permeable porous wall (FIG. 26) enters the tubular flow chamber (28) and mixes there with the foamable liquid to foam, and
that the gas supply device (19) and the liquid supply device (15-18) are formed so that the pressure of the pressure chamber (29) gas supplied can be adjusted so that the pressure greater than that of the Liquid is on the gas-permeable porous wall (26) applied pressure and that a desired ratio of supplied gas is achieved to supplied liquid.
Boden abgetragen und einer Abbaukammer der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zugeführt wird,
in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens ein Schaum bereitgestellt wird, indem
wenigstens ein Schaumgenerator mit einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer bereitgestellt wird,
dem Schaumgenerator an einem Ende einer rohrförmigen Strömungskammer eine schäumbare Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird, und
einem als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer durch dessen gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung hindurch ein sich in der Strömungskammer mit der schäumbaren Flüssigkeit unter Schaumbildung mischendes Gas zugeführt wird, indem einer Druckkammer, die den als Begasungsstrecke ausgebildeten Abschnitt umschließt, das Gas unter einem Druck zugeführt wird, der größer als der von der Flüssigkeit auf die gasdurchlässige poröse Wandung ausgeübte Druck ist,
wobei - in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des abgetragenen Bodens - ein Schaumgenerator mit einer Begasungsstrecke einer vorgegebenen Länge, eines vorgegebenen Strömungsquerschnitts und einer vorgegebenen Porengröße und -dichte bereitgestellt wird und das Verhältnis von zugeführtem Gas zu zugeführter Flüssigkeit eingestellt wird, so dass sich eine gewünschte Struktur und Größe der Schaumbläschen ergeben,
der an dem anderen Ende der rohrförmigen Strömungskammer austretende Schaum der Abbaukammer zugeführt und mit dem abgetragenen Boden gemischt wird.A method of conditioning abraded soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield of a tunnel boring machine, wherein
Soil is removed and fed to a excavation chamber of the tunnel boring machine,
foam is provided depending on the nature of the soil removed, by
at least one foam generator is provided with a tubular flow chamber,
the foam generator at one end of a tubular flow chamber, a foamable liquid is supplied, and
a gas-permeable porous wall is formed in the section of the tubular flow chamber formed as a gassing section through which a gas mixing with the foamable liquid in the flow chamber is foamed by supplying the gas under a pressure to a pressure chamber enclosing the gassing section; which is greater than the pressure exerted by the liquid on the gas-permeable porous wall,
wherein - depending on the nature of the removed soil - a foam generator with a Begasungsstrecke a predetermined length, one predetermined flow cross section and a predetermined pore size and density is provided and the ratio of supplied gas is adjusted to supplied liquid, so as to give a desired structure and size of the foam bubbles,
the foam leaving the other end of the tubular flow chamber is fed to the excavation chamber and mixed with the excavated soil.
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14156561.4A EP2910733B1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-02-25 | Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield |
JP2016554650A JP2017514038A (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | A method for improving soil removal materials as a foam generator for mud pressure shield tunnel excavators and a supporting medium for mud pressure shield |
PCT/EP2015/053400 WO2015128235A2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | Foam generator for an earth-pressure-balance-shield tunnel-boring machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a supporting medium for an earth-pressure balance shield |
SG11201606676TA SG11201606676TA (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | Foam generator for an earth-pressure-balance-shield tunnel-boring machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a supporting medium for an earth-pressure balance shield |
RU2016137915A RU2681713C2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | Foam generator for earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as support medium for earth pressure shield |
MYPI2016702924A MY177546A (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel boring machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield |
BR112016019543-4A BR112016019543B1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | FOAM GENERATOR FOR A SHIELD TUNNING MACHINE AGAINST GROUND PRESSURE, AND METHOD FOR CONDITIONING EXCAVED GROUND MATERIAL AS A SUPPORT MEDIUM FOR A SHIELD AGAINST GROUND PRESSURE OF A TUNNELING MACHINE |
US15/120,230 US20170067339A1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-02-18 | Foam generator for an earth pressure balance shield tunnel boring machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a supporting medium for an earth pressure balance shield |
CL2016002133A CL2016002133A1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2016-08-24 | Foam generator for a tunnel boring press with a mixing chamber, which has a first inlet opening for a liquid that can form foam and a second inlet opening for a gas as well as a foam outlet opening, a liquid feeding device, a gas feeding device, because a section of the tubular flow chamber is configured as a gas exposure section with a porous wall; process. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP14156561.4A EP2910733B1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-02-25 | Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2910733A1 true EP2910733A1 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
EP2910733B1 EP2910733B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=50190249
Family Applications (1)
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EP14156561.4A Active EP2910733B1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-02-25 | Foam generator for an earth pressure shield tunnel propulsion machine and method for conditioning removed soil material as a support medium for an earth pressure shield |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US20170067339A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2910733B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017514038A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016019543B1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2016002133A1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY177546A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2681713C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201606676TA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015128235A2 (en) |
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CN107890832A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Use accumulation of energy liquid bubble drilling fluid generating means and method in a kind of scene |
CN108426908A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-21 | 上海大学 | A kind of method of foam gas liquid ratio in detection rock core |
CN108425681A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-08-21 | 宏润建设集团股份有限公司 | A kind of gas soil joint balance shield machine and its face balance control method |
CN108731956A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-02 | 同济大学 | A kind of earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS sediment improvement simulation test device and test method |
WO2020212358A1 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-22 | Ionys Ag | Polyion complexes |
CN112100709A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-18 | 中南大学 | Method for determining muck foam improvement parameters based on shield reasonable tunneling parameter analysis |
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DE102016108447A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | S O L O Kleinmotoren Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung | Foaming unit for producing foam from a mixture of gas and liquid and spray device for producing and distributing foam |
WO2018081868A1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | Nano Bubble Technologies Pty Ltd | Nanobubble generator |
CN111681525B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2024-08-27 | 同济大学 | Device and method for testing slag soil flow and load of tunneling system of shield soil bin |
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CN108425681A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-08-21 | 宏润建设集团股份有限公司 | A kind of gas soil joint balance shield machine and its face balance control method |
CN107890832A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Use accumulation of energy liquid bubble drilling fluid generating means and method in a kind of scene |
CN107890832B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2023-08-25 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Device and method for generating on-site energy storage liquid bubble drilling fluid |
CN108426908A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-21 | 上海大学 | A kind of method of foam gas liquid ratio in detection rock core |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2681713C2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
RU2016137915A (en) | 2018-03-29 |
MY177546A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
SG11201606676TA (en) | 2016-09-29 |
WO2015128235A2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
RU2016137915A3 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
US20170067339A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
JP2017514038A (en) | 2017-06-01 |
BR112016019543B1 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
BR112016019543A2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
WO2015128235A3 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
EP2910733B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
CL2016002133A1 (en) | 2017-04-21 |
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