EP2103742A1 - Compactor device for producing columns of material in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The vibrating machine for producing columns of sand in earth comprises two deep vibrators (1) mounted on parallel extension pieces (3) which form a vibrating lance with two connecting walls (2). The walls have apertures (4), through which sand can be fed into the lance.

Description

The present invention relates to a Rüttlervorrichtung for the production of columns of material in the soil, in particular of sand columns.

Deep vibrators with material conveyance through a separate pipe guided laterally along a vibrator have been around since the 1970s. This technique works well with rolling gravel. In particular, in the promotion of sand occur significant problems.

Known is a feed of the conveyor pipe with sand through a tank at the upper end of the machine. This tank is supplied by bucket or pneumatically.

Especially when the sand is not dry but earthy, it regularly clogs the transition funnel from the tank (reservoir) to the production pipe.

A Rüttlervorrichtung for producing piles made of concrete or the like in the ground is from the DE 41 38 443 A1 known.

Object of the present invention is to provide an improved Rüttlervorrichtung for producing columns of material, in particular sand columns, in the ground.

This object is achieved by a Rüttlervorrichtung according to claim 1.

Further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

By connecting two or more deep shaker units, such as those used for Rütteldruckverdichtung example, a cavity (delivery chamber) is clamped, which can be used to convey sand to the Rüttlerspitzen. The feeding of the pumping room with material, in particular sand, takes place through the conveyor box, which is provided with openings at regular intervals. As a result, material, in particular sand, can be introduced into the interior of the conveyor box in a manner not causing any blockage.

The openings, which are in the ground as the soil is progressing further into the soil, pose no problem as long as the weight of the sand and the water it contains is greater than the pressure in the surrounding soil. This ensures that the soil does not penetrate into the cavity in the ground, but only sand is released into the soil in the desired manner.

This arrangement also allows a simple arrangement of a reservoir tank on the ground.

The preferably over the length to the output constant cross-section of the conveyor box allows trouble-free feeding of the material (sand) to the output in the ground.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Rüttlervorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht der Rüttlervorrichtung entlang der Schnittachse A-A aus Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittsansicht der Rüttlervorrichtung entlang der Schnittachse B-B aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform, in Fig. 4a) in einer schematischen perspektivischen Ansicht, in Fig. 4b) in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Achse C-C aus Fig. 4a), in Fig. 4c) in einer Ansicht des separatem Förderkastens, und in Fig. 4d) mit einer Ansicht einer Blende;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Rüttlervorrichtung gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform; und

Fig. 6

eine Schnittansicht der Rüttlervorrichtung entlang der Schnittachse A-A aus Fig. 5;

Further features and expediencies will become apparent from the description of embodiments with reference to FIGS. From the figures show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a Rüttlervorrichtung according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2

a sectional view of the Rüttlervorrichtung along the section axis AA Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of the Rüttlervorrichtung along the section axis BB Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

a schematic view of a second embodiment, in Fig. 4a ) in a schematic perspective view, in Fig. 4b ) in a sectional view along the axis CC Fig. 4a ), in Fig. 4c ) in a view of the separate conveyor box, and in Fig. 4d ) with a view of a diaphragm;

Fig. 5

a schematic side view of a Rüttlervorrichtung according to a third embodiment; and

Fig. 6

a sectional view of the Rüttlervorrichtung along the section axis AA Fig. 5 ;

At the in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 illustrated first embodiment, the Rüttlervorrichtung two parallel Rüttellanzen 10, which are connected via a yoke 7 with each other and at a distance b from each other. The distance b between the longitudinal, vertical Center axes M of the vibrating lances 10 is in a range of 0.4 m to 2 m, preferably in a range of 0.4 m to 1 m.

The vibrator device is designed so that, in operation, the longitudinal direction extends parallel to the direction of gravity, ie vertically. Accordingly, the terms "top" and "bottom" are used in this application, i. below is in the direction of gravity (= longitudinal direction) and opposite to the direction of gravity above.

The vibrating lances 10 each have a deep vibrator 1 at its lower end. The lower end of the respective deep vibrator 1 has a conical tip 15. The upper end of the respective deep vibrator 1 is connected via a coupling member 17 with a lower end of an extension tube 3. The respective extension tube 3 is connected at its upper end to the yoke 7. At the top of the yoke 7, a pulley 6 is arranged, over which a wire rope runs, which is connected to a suitable construction equipment, for example a rope excavator (not shown).

The vibrating lances 10, which are arranged at a distance b in parallel, are firmly connected to one another in the area of the extension tubes 3 adjoining the upper ends of the depth vibrators 1 by two side walls 2 which are arranged parallel to the respective center axes M of the vibrating lances 10. The extension tubes 3 and the side walls 2 thereby form a frame. The side walls are substantially parallel to each other. In order to open the largest possible cavity in the frame formed by extension tubes 3 and side walls 2, the side walls 2, with respect to the axis X, which extends perpendicularly through the central axes M, in the greatest possible distance c from the axis X with the outer periphery of the Extension tube 3 connected. The connection can be made by welding or by means of screws.

In the side walls 2 openings 4 are arranged at regular intervals. The openings have a height h in the longitudinal direction. The distance d between two adjacent openings in the longitudinal direction is preferably greater than the height h, more preferably in the range of 1.02 to 1.5 times the height h. The openings 4 in the two opposite side walls 2 are arranged alternately in the longitudinal direction. That is, if in a side view like Fig. 3 an opening 4 is present in the one side wall 2, the other side wall 2, based on the same height in the longitudinal direction of the side wall 2, closed. The openings 4 can be any have geometric shape. In the first illustrated embodiment, the openings 4 are formed as longitudinally elongated hexagons.

The side walls 2 have a tapered shape at a lower end (cutting edge) to have an improved penetration property into the ground.

In the first embodiment, the Rüttellanzen 10 and the side walls 2 span a space which is a delivery chamber 11, and at the same time form a conveyor box 12 which has a constant cross section sine length perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. A lower end of the conveyor box 12 is open.

In the inner corner regions (gussets) of the conveyor box 12 in the transition region between the side walls 2 and connecting tubes 3, preferably at the level of an upper end of the respective opening 4, spray nozzles (not shown) are arranged for a fluid purge. The outlet openings of the spray nozzles are directed downwards in the direction of the deep vibrator 1.

A reservoir tank 5 for supplying column material 13, such as sand, is adapted to stand directly on the floor 14. The reservoir tank 5 preferably has a funnel shape. The reservoir container 5 has on its underside an opening whose shape is adapted to the Rüttellanzen 10 with the fixedly connected side walls 2 so that they sealed against leakage of column material and longitudinally slidably extend through the opening of the reservoir tank 5. In operation, the vibrating lances 10 and the side walls 2 extend through the opening so that they can be driven through the opening into the ground.

The in the Fig. 4a to 4c illustrated second embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment with the following differences.

The vibrating lances 10 arranged at a distance b in parallel are in the region of the extension tubes 3 adjoining the upper ends of the deep vibrators 1 by two conveying space side walls 8 instead of the (conveying box) side walls 2 which are also arranged parallel to the respective center axes M of the vibrating lances 10. firmly connected. The extension tubes 3 and the delivery chamber side walls 8 thereby form a frame. In the delivery room side walls 8 openings 16 are arranged at regular intervals, which correspond in shape and arrangement of the openings 4 of the side walls 2 of the first embodiment. At the in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment, the openings 16, however, are rectangular. The delivery chamber side walls 8 have a horizontally extending cutting edge at a lower end.

In the conveyor chamber 11 spanned by the vibrating lances 10 and the delivery chamber side walls 8, a vertically displaceable, separate conveyor box 12 is arranged.

The conveyor box 12 extends in the longitudinal direction within the conveyor chamber 11. The conveyor box 12 has over its length from top to bottom in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction cross-section on a constant rectangular cross-sectional shape. The two narrower side walls 9 are each facing the extension tubes 3. The side walls 2 of the conveyor box 12 are opposite to the delivery chamber side walls 8 of the frame respectively. The side walls 2, 9 are interconnected, e.g. by welding, connected. The conveyor box is closed at the top and open at the bottom.

In the side walls 2, openings 4 are arranged in the longitudinal direction, which are complementary to the respective openings 16 of the respective opposite delivery chamber side wall 8.

At the upper, closed end of the conveyor box 12 is a hydraulic device, e.g. a hydraulic cylinder 18 is arranged. The hydraulic cylinder 18 is adapted to move the conveyor box 12 up and down in the frame, here in the range of about 1 m.

The lower end of the conveyor box 12 has a horizontally formed cutting edge.

In the inner corner regions of the conveyor box 12 are preferably arranged at the level of an upper end of the respective opening 4, spray nozzles (not shown) for a fluid purge. The outlet openings of the spray nozzles are directed downwards in the direction of the deep vibrator 1.

A reservoir tank 5 is arranged as described in the first embodiment.

The operation of the apparatus and a method for producing material columns in the ground will now be described.

For producing a column of material, e.g. a so-called Stopfsäule of sand 13, the vibrating lances 10 are positioned. For this purpose, the vibrating lances 10 are raised in a vertical position above the Bodenplanum the future material column position in the ground on the support cable of the cable shovel, the pulley 6 and the yoke 7. The reservoir tank 5 is placed on the floor 14 above the future material column position in the ground so that the vibrating lances 10 etc. can be slidably inserted into the opening in the bottom of the reservoir tank 5. If appropriate, this can only happen when the deep vibrators are already inserted into the ground.

The deep vibrators 1 are offset by a respective driven unbalance in horizontal vibrations and the vibrating deep vibrators 1 are lowered into the ground 14.

When the depth vibrators 1 have penetrated into the bottom 14 and the lower edge of the conveyor box 12 has passed through the bottom of the reservoir tank, sand 13 is filled in the reservoir tank 5. The filling of the reservoir tank 5 with sand 13 can be done in a simple manner, e.g. be trained with a dump truck. With each further advance of Rüttellanzen 10 takes the delivery chamber 11 and the conveyor box 12 via the openings 4 in the reservoir tank 5 sand 13 in itself and promotes the sand 13 into the tip region of the conveyor box 12 and to the upper end of the already located in the conveyor box 12 sand column.

To promote the sand flow within the conveyor box 12, the spray nozzles arranged in the gussets can be used for a water and / or air purge. Its downward spray impulse tears the water and / or the air with it. Furthermore, a water rinse increases the mass of the sand column and makes the sand more fluid.

The vibrating lances 10 are introduced to the intended depth of improvement in the bottom 10, wherein continuously through the openings 4 sand 13 is introduced into the conveyor box 12. Depending on the desired depth of the sand column and size of the reservoir tank 5 sand 13 is refilled into the reservoir tank 5.

After reaching the final depth, the Rüttellanzen 10 are raised slightly, optionally supported by the water and / or air purging, sand 13 enters the forming cavity. Thereafter, the Rüttellanzen 10 are lowered again and pressed against the sand, the vibration causes the Tiefenrüttler a compression of the sand. With these alternating steps, the material column (Stopfsäule) is formed up to the planned height.

In the manufacture of such a column of material with the second embodiment, the conveyor box 12 is carried along with the penetration of the vibrating lances 10 at the same time. In this case, the penetration of the conveyor box 12 can be supported in the ground by vertical movements by means of the hydraulic cylinder 18. The conveyor box is, as in the first embodiment, charged with sand 13 from the reservoir tank 5. Upon reaching the final depth of the Rüttellanzen 10 are slightly raised and then the conveyor box 12 is moved to the area of the tips 15 of the Tiefenrüttler 1 to improved supply of sand, possibly with the participation of water and / or air flush, in the cavity formed to support. With an upward movement of the conveyor box, sand flows down from the conveyor box and in a subsequent downward movement of the conveyor box the sand is forced sideways into the ground. The soil receives a pre-compaction. Subsequently, after the vibrating lances 10 have been lowered again a piece, the sand 13 is further compressed by the horizontal vibrations of the deep vibrator 1. In this case, the conveyor box 12 should be lifted above the level of the depth vibrator 1 in order to obtain an optimal compression. These steps are performed alternately until the planned height is reached.

After the vibrating lances 10 have been lifted completely out of the ground, they can be transported with the crawler crane to the next position for the production of a column of material. The funnel can be dismantled or offset and the floor planum treated in the area of the created material column.

The production of such sand columns with the vibrator device according to the invention can be used in particular for land reclamation measures if the soil used for this land reclamation is not clean sand but silty sand which can not or not sufficiently be compacted by vibration of deep vibrators alone , In this case, the land reclamation is advantageously carried out such that the silty sands, which come to rest in the bed below while the surface of clean (= compactable) sands accumulate, by compressed sand columns of clean sand essential Learn ground improvement. Thus, the sand pillars can carry a large part of the building loads coming from above, whereby the settlement would be greatly reduced compared to an otherwise identical landfill without sand pillars. Another positive effect is the reduction in the risk of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction.

The use of two or more deep vibrators 1 also has an advantageous effect on the size of the conveyor tube / conveyor box. The size of the conveyor tube is limited in principle by the need to be able to lower the unit of deep vibrator 1 and conveyor box 12 even deeper. At two or more deep vibrators 1, however, a significantly larger conveyor tube can be attached. Furthermore, can be made with a unit of two or more deep vibrators 1 a larger diameter column of material. This in turn has an advantageous effect on the above-mentioned ground improvement and possibility of dissipation of building loads through the sand columns.

Furthermore, the flow properties of sands in large pipes are better than in smaller ones, since the sand "hangs" on the wall due to friction and is then bridged, i. Immobilization of sand grains by mutual wedging between the opposite pipe walls, the flow of material is interrupted.

The use of the spray nozzles also has an advantageous effect on the flow of the sand. On the one hand, the downward spray impulses of the spray nozzles entrain the sand, and on the other hand, the water content of the sand is increased, thereby making the sand more fluid. The exactly vertical and parallel design of the delivery chamber 11 and the vertical supply and promotion of sand through the conveyor box avoid directional deflections and geometry changes that can lead to blockages.

Furthermore, it is ensured that in the ground no soil penetrates through the openings 4 in the delivery chamber 11, but only sand 13 is discharged in the desired manner in the soil 14, as long as the weight of the sand 13 and the water contained in it is greater as the pressure in the surrounding soil.

With the use of the vertically displaceable conveyor box 12, by the up and down movement by means of the hydraulic cylinder and thus previously described Sandausfluss and Compaction achieved a considerable acceleration of Sandaustriebes and thus the column production.

Further, the conveyor box 12 can be moved vertically until the openings 16 of the conveyor box 12 are no longer over the openings 4 of the side walls 2 of the frame. Subsequently, the conveyor box 12 can be placed inside under compressed air, so that in principle a Schleusenrüttler adjusts with pressure chamber, from which the air can escape only through the lower, open end. This pressurization can be helpful in very soft soils to improve sand erosion.

In a development, both the first and the second embodiment, apertures 21 are provided on the side walls 2 and 8 respectively. These diaphragms 21 are on the outside of the earth-facing side of the side walls 2 and 8 in longitudinally extending guides 22 so slidably. As a result, the openings 4, 16 in the side walls 2, 8 are closed or kept open by complementary openings 19 in the aperture 21. The shape, size and arrangement of the openings 19 is complementary to the openings 4, 16. The distance in the longitudinal direction between the openings 19 is set such that a closure of the openings 4, 16 is ensured with the spacing between the openings 19 of the aperture 21 , The diaphragms 21 are movable by a hydraulic cylinder or other drive mechanism. By closing the openings 4, 16 in the side walls 2, 8 with the aperture 21 of the above-described effect of a Schleusenrüttlers pressure chamber is achieved. Alternatively, the apertures 21 may also be on the insides, i. the delivery chamber 11 facing sides of the side walls 2 and 8 are arranged. This arrangement would be advantageous in terms of achieving a seal, since the applied pressure presses the diaphragm 21 on the side walls 2 and 8, and so seals.

Notwithstanding the embodiments shown above, an arrangement with three or more deep vibrators is conceivable, which are connected by a frame and / or side walls. This advantageously has an effect on the size of the delivery pipe or space with regard to the advantages mentioned above. However, the arrangement with several deep vibrators is limited by the need to be able to lower the unit of deep vibrators, extension components and the conveying space spanning therebetween to depth.

The shape of the openings 4, 16, 19 may also be formed by a round, rectangular, or for example oval shape instead of the elongated hexagons described above.

In a further embodiment, the open top portion of the conveyor box may also be e.g. be formed by a closable by lifting mechanism opening.

The suspension by yoke and pulley is just one example and can be adapted to the construction equipment used. Furthermore, according to the construction equipment used and the final depth of the sand column to be reached, the extension tubes and according to the delivery space / box can be extended by other modules to any length.

In the first embodiment, a delivery box structurally separate from the extension tubes can also be arranged. This conveyor box has in its corner areas inwardly directed fillets into which the extension tubes can be accurately inserted and are integrally connected by means of a harness around the unit of extension tubes and conveyor box.

In the second embodiment, advantageously, on the vertically displaceable conveyor box 12, a vertical vibrator, so-called Aufsatzrüttler (not shown), as e.g. is used in a driving of sheet piles, be put on. On the one hand, the vertical vibration supports the penetration of the conveyor box, on the other hand, it improves the flow of sand in the conveyor box 12th

In the FIGS. 5 and 6 a third embodiment is shown. The section along the line BB in Fig. 6 equals to Fig. 2 , The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that no vibrating lances 10 are formed, since the function of the extension tubes 3 is taken over by the conveyor box 12.

The conveyor box 12 has a substantially rectangular cross-section (see Fig. 6 ) with round narrow sides 29. The deep vibrators 1 are attached to the underside 12u of the conveyor box 12 and the supply and control lines are guided protected in the conveyor box 12. The conveyor box 12 has, like the conveyor boxes of the first and second embodiments over its length a constant cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which ends only at its bottom in a plurality of outlet openings 23, 24, instead of an opening with the constant cross section. For this, the conveyor box 12 has a larger volume in comparison and the positive properties of the over the entire length unchanged cross section are retained. The outlet openings 23, 24 may be partially formed laterally directly above the depth vibrator 1.

The reservoir container 5 can also be used with the third embodiment.

The reservoir tank 5 is advantageous, but not necessary. The material (sand) 13 could also by means of belt conveyors, dump trucks or similar. be heaped up to a material mountain directly on the protruding from the ground conveyor box 12. The material would then independently "flow" through the openings 4 in the conveyor box 12. Alternatively, the material 13 could also be conveyed pneumatically or similarly directly into the openings 4.

Claims (17)

Vibrating device for producing columns of material in the ground, with at least two deep vibrators (1), and
at least one extension part (3) on each deep vibrator (1) extending in a longitudinal direction and secured to the deep vibrator (1) to form a longitudinally extending vibrating lance (10),
in which the vibrating lances (10) are connected to each other in parallel and at a predetermined distance (b) from one another such that a conveying space (11) is defined between them,
marked by
a conveyor box (12) for conveying column material (13) in the longitudinal direction through the conveying space (11), the Rüttellanzen (10) and side walls (2) extending between the spaced extension parts (3) of the Rüttellanzen (10) and in the longitudinal direction in which openings (4) are provided for feeding column material (13) into the conveyor box (12) in at least one of the side walls (2), which openings (4) are spaced apart longitudinally. A vibrator device according to claim 1, wherein the extension members are extension tubes (3) and the extension tubes are fixedly connected by a frame. A vibrator device according to claim 2, wherein the frame is formed by the side walls (2) fixedly connected to the extension tubes (3) so that the extension tubes (3) and side walls (2) form the conveyor box (12). Rüttler device according to claim 3, wherein the conveyor box between the Rüttellanzen (10) on the conveying space (11) facing the inside of the frame is provided. A vibrator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conveyor box (12) is movable longitudinally relative to the vibrating lances (10). A vibratory apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the conveyor box (12) is movable longitudinally relative to the vibrating lances (10) by a hydraulic device (18). A vibrator device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a vertical vibrator is pre-bonded to the conveyor box (12) for vibrating the conveyor box (12) longitudinally. Rüttler device according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein
the frame connecting the vibrating lances (10) has conveying space side walls (8) which tightly define the conveying space (11) to the outside, in which openings (16) complementary to the openings (4) in the conveying box (12) are provided, such that the Openings (4, 16) in a corresponding position of the conveyor box (12) relative to the frame are arranged overlapping each other in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A vibrator device according to claim 8, wherein
Diaphragms (21) on the conveyor-chamber side walls (8), which have openings (16), are arranged to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction,
the apertures (21) to the openings (16) in the corresponding delivery chamber side wall (8) complementary openings (19), and
the baffles (21) selectively movable to a closed position in which the baffles (21) obscure the openings (16) in the delivery chamber side walls (8), and an open position in which the respective openings (16, 19) are arranged overlapping one another are. Rüttler device according to one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the conveyor box (12) is displaceable into the region of the tips (15) of the deep vibrator (1). Vibrating device for producing columns of material in the ground, with at least two deep vibrators (1), and
a conveyor box (12) having side walls (2) extending in a longitudinal direction for conveying column material (13) in the longitudinal direction through a conveying space (11) defined by the conveyor box,
in which the deep vibrators (1) are connected to each other with an underside of the conveyor box (12) substantially parallel to one another and at a predetermined distance (b) from their central axes (M), and
in the openings (4) are provided for feeding column material (13) into the conveyor box in at least one of the side walls (2), which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. Rüttler device according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the conveyor box (12) over its length has a constant cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. A vibrator device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the openings (4) are arranged longitudinally at a regular interval. A vibrator device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the openings (4) are arranged in two side walls (2) such that the openings are provided alternately in the longitudinal direction in the two side walls. Rüttler device according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein
within the conveyor box (12) at least one spray nozzle is provided which ejects a fluid in the longitudinal direction in the direction of the deep vibrators, and / or
the delivery box (12) is adapted to be pressurized with compressed air. A vibrator device according to any of claims 1 to 15, further
a column material reservoir container (5) having an opening in the bottom of the reservoir tank (5) through which the conveyor box (12) slidably extends in the longitudinal direction. A vibrator apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the reservoir tank (5) is adapted to stand on the floor plan.

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