EP2910496A1 - Device for transport or storage of bulk goods, method for loading the device and vehicle including such a device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device (10) for receiving pourable material. The device (10) preferably has at least two separate chambers (20) for separate loading. The chambers (20) include a bottom (22) and a spaced from the bottom opening (23). Between the bottom (22) and opening (23) extends a side wall (21). The device (10) has a loading device (30) for loading the chamber (20). The loading device (30) is pivotably mounted on the upper side of the container (10) about a pivot axis (12). The loading device has (30) means for gripping, in particular for clamping and / or hooking of charge carriers (2) in a loading position. The loading device (30) is pivotable in a rest position in which it is disposed within a chamber (20).

Description

The present invention relates to a device and a vehicle for transporting pourable material and a method for loading such a device or vehicle according to the preamble of the independent claims.

Various containers and systems for loading containers or vehicles are known from the prior art.

The CA 1 264 702 describes, for example, a truck for the transport of recyclable waste with laterally arranged charge carriers, which can be emptied into a container or into individual chambers of the container. This adversely affects the volume available for loading in the container. Another disadvantage is also in the complex construction. The loading device of the container extends over the entire length of the truck as well as on both sides of the container. Such a construction is confusing and dangerous because the operator can only view one side of the truck with the container when loading the container. Another disadvantage is that for emptying the container only the bulk of the last chamber can be emptied separately, however, the bulk material or the waste of the second last chamber in emptying is possibly emptied together with residual waste from the last chamber together, which is not desirable in many places and makes a clean separation impossible.

It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a device and a vehicle for the transport of pourable goods are provided, which allows easy operation, is simple in construction and also utilizes the entire vehicle width and allows a clean separation of the bulk material.

This object is achieved by the devices and methods defined in the independent patent claims. Further embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

Bulk goods refer to a granular or lumpy mixture, which is in a pourable form. The bulk materials include, for example, building materials such as sand or gravel, but also foods such as cereals. Also in the waste disposal or recycling is spoken of bulk material. This includes, for example, slaughterhouse waste. The term Schütten is a term from the DIN standards of transport and process engineering with the handling of bulk materials. A bed, in particular the loose bed, refers to goods that can move freely in a container or are not otherwise secured in their position.

The term "slaughterhouse waste" is understood to mean, in particular, human unused or recoverable constituents of animals after slaughter. However, it may be in particular also originally intended for consumption, but spoiled by incorrect storage or inedible by disease of slaughter animals or contaminated for example with environmental toxins components of the animal or a whole animal itself. It is important to cleanly separate the different types of slaughterhouse waste and to take measures to avoid confusion between them.

A chamber is a free space in a device or in a container, which is substantially separated from the rest of the container. A chamber may have an opening in an overhead area which is preferably closable. In particular, chambers in a container or device with multiple chambers have no direct connection to each other. It is also conceivable that the chambers are separated from each other and are formed as individual containers.

A device according to the invention for transporting and / or storing pourable material at least one and preferably at least two separate chambers, which can be loaded separately. Such a chamber has a bottom, at least one side wall and an opening spaced from the bottom. The side wall extends between bottom and opening. The device comprises a loading device for loading the chamber, wherein the loading device is pivotably mounted in particular at the top of the device about a pivot axis. However, this pivot axis could also be arranged in a different relative position to the device. The loading device has means for gripping a load carrier. These gripping means allow a clamping and / or hooking of carriers. Load carriers may be in particular loading containers and / or pallets. The loading device has a loading position and is pivotable in a rest position in which it is disposed within a chamber. Structures and dangerous parts outside the device can thus be largely avoided.

The device can be designed, in particular, as a fixed or replaceable structure for transport vehicles. This is simplified the cleaning and maintenance. Also, a modular design is possible. The device can, for example, be independently tested and approved for various transport vehicles.

The gripping means of the loading device can be designed such that they can clamp a charge carrier. For example, a charge carrier can be provided between two slidably mounted arms. For gripping the load carrier, the arms can be compressed or contracted, for example by means of hydraulic cylinders. However, it is also conceivable that the gripping means are equipped with hooks, and grab a charge carrier on appropriately trained hooks or eyes. It is particularly advantageous if the loading device has a foot or a support on its region facing the floor, which makes it possible to absorb vertical weight forces of the load carrier in the intended use or to secure it against rotation.

At the pivot axis, a lid for closing the opening may be attached. This can form part of the loading device and carry the means for gripping. This is advantageous because the lid closes the device and / or the chambers in the rest position of the loading device. During use of the loading device, the chambers are automatically open.

The loading device can be lifted from the rest position to a working position. The working position is that position which is intended to pivot a load carrier. It is advantageous if the charge carrier is as close as possible to the pivot axis during pivoting. ever The size of the device may therefore be advantageous if the loading device is brought from the working position into a loading station. This can be made possible, for example, by vertical extension or displacement of the loading device in the intended use. But it is also conceivable that additionally or alternatively the gripping means and the support are moved.

In this position, a carrier can be gripped and moved in this case in the working position.

The loading device can be pivotable to emptying the charge carrier in an emptying position. The emptying position is typically above a horizontal orientation of the loading device and above the opening of the chambers. This favors the independent emptying of the charge carrier. For example, if the pourable material is stuck, the loading device can be pivoted further until the load carrier is overhead, allowing complete emptying even in hard-to-empty goods, such as sticking slaughterhouse waste.

The loading device can be displaceable in the direction of the pivot axis. Thus, adjacent chambers can be loaded separately along the longitudinal axis. It is conceivable, for example, that the loading device is pivoted into the working position and is moved frontally to a corresponding position to a chamber. Subsequently, a charge carrier is gripped and emptied. However, it is also possible to move the loading device with the gripped charge carrier.

The loading device may comprise means for measuring the weight of the charge carrier. This allows a statement about the state of charge of the device and / or the individual chambers. It is particularly advantageous if the means for measuring the weight include a display unit and additionally or alternatively a memory unit, for example, to display the detected value and additionally or alternatively store or further process, for example, to bill or read the contents of individual chambers separately. It is possible, for example, depending on the longitudinal position of the loading device to write the corresponding value in different memory or evaluate differently. Appropriate facilities, such as measuring cells, sensors and limit switches are known in the art.

The loading device may have drive means for pivoting the loading device. It is conceivable to use hydraulic means, in particular a hydraulic motor. Preferably, the drive means comprise at least one hydraulic cylinder. A force for pivoting is preferably transferable by means of a chain drive. For example, a sprocket may be attached to the pivot axis of the loading device. An overflowing chain can be attached to both sides of the sprocket to a respective hydraulic cylinder, which interact, depending on the desired pivoting direction of the loading of the corresponding cylinder works.

However, it can also be provided to flange a gear directly to the pivot axis. This makes it possible to further reduce the number of components. In addition, there are fewer moving parts outside the vehicle as a result.

The loading device may also comprise drive means for displacing the loading device along the pivot axis. It is conceivable to use hydraulic means, in particular a hydraulic motor. Preferably, the drive means comprise at least one hydraulic cylinder. A force for displacement may preferably be transferable by means of a chain drive. The loading device can be displaceable on bearings. Rails or C-profiles are conceivable. Such a displacement device preferably has markings for positioning the loading device. An automatic operation is conceivable, corresponding devices with, for example, sensors, limit switches and controls are known in the art.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a truck, comprising at least one device as described above. This is advantageous since pourable material, in particular slaughterhouse waste, can be collected directly from the producer, or the charge carriers provided on site can be emptied.

The device can be arranged on a loading bridge of the vehicle which can be tilted in particular about a longitudinal side. This facilitates the emptying of the device. But it may also be advantageous if the device is loaded. For example, if the vehicle can not be placed horizontally, it is possible to tilt the device relative to the vehicle and thus at least bring the device into a substantially horizontal position.

The means for gripping can be lowered in the loading position to a level below the level of the loading bridge. This makes it possible to accommodate the charge carriers at ground level.

At least part of the side wall of the chambers can be swung open and / or removed for emptying the device. This facilitates emptying. It can be advantageous if a corresponding emptying station has receptacles or openings which are arranged substantially in line with the individual chambers of the device. The emptying of the chambers of a device can thus take place in one step.

• die Beladevorrichtung in die Ladeposition geschwenkt wird und ein Ladungsträger ergriffen wird,
• der Ladungsträger in eine Entleerposition über der Öffnung geschwenkt wird, in welcher sich das Schüttgut in die Kammer entleert, wobei diese Schritte beliebig oft wiederholbar sind,
• und nach Abschluss des Beladevorganges die Beladevorrichtung in die Ruheposition innerhalb der Kammer geschwenkt wird.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of loading a present apparatus, wherein

• the loading device is pivoted into the loading position and a charge carrier is gripped,
• the charge carrier is pivoted into an emptying position above the opening in which the bulk material empties into the chamber, wherein these steps are repeatable as often as desired,
• and upon completion of the loading operation, the loading device is pivoted to the rest position within the chamber.

This allows complete emptying of the charge carriers. Another advantage is that the loading device between the loading operations from the outside is not visible and accordingly are no protruding parts on the vehicle.

The charge carrier may have a further position between the loading position and the emptying position. Before the pivoting movement, the charge carrier can first be lifted substantially vertically. This allows a center of gravity closer to the pivot axis. Thus, the forces occurring are reduced. The required operating radius of the loading device is shortened and a smaller design is possible.

The weight of the charge carrier can be measured in a further step or during the process. The measured value can be displayed and / or saved. The operator is thus informed both about the state of charge of the vehicle and about the individual amounts of the different goods in the individual chambers. This facilitates the determination of the time when the chambers of the device are full, or must be emptied.

Figur 1:

Eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Fahrzeuges mit einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;

Figur 2:

eine Rückansicht des Fahrzeuges aus Figur 1;

Figur 3:

eine Rückansicht des Fahrzeugs aus Figur 1 mit herausgeklappter Beladevorrichtung;

Figur 4:

eine Frontansicht der Beladevorrichtung aus Figur 3;

Figur 5:

eine Seitenansicht der Beladevorrichtung aus Figur 4;

Figur 6:

eine Schnittansicht der Greifmittel der Beladevorrichtung aus Figur 4;

Figur 7:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Fahrzeuges mit einer gekippten Kammer;

Figur 8:

eine schematische Detailansicht der gekippten Kammer aus Figur 7;

Figur 9a-k:

eine schematische Ansicht der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte.

On the basis of figures, which represent only embodiments, the invention will be explained in more detail below. Show it:

FIG. 1:

A perspective view of a vehicle according to the invention with a device according to the invention;

FIG. 2:

a rear view of the vehicle FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3:

a rear view of the vehicle FIG. 1 with folded loading device;

FIG. 4:

a front view of the loading device FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5:

a side view of the loading device FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 6:

a sectional view of the gripping means of the loading device FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 7:

a perspective view of a vehicle according to the invention with a tilted chamber;

FIG. 8:

a schematic detail view of the tilted chamber FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 9a-k:

a schematic view of the individual process steps.

FIG. 1 shows a vehicle according to the invention 1. The vehicle 1 has a dock leveler 3, on which a device 10 according to the invention is placed, which is closed with a lid 13. In the present case, the device 10 has 4 chambers 20, which stand with their bottom 22 on the loading bridge 3.

From the bottom 22 of the chambers 20 side walls 21 extend upwards. In the upper region of the chamber 20 is an opening which is closed by the lid 13. The cover 13 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 12 and has means for pivoting the lid 13, in the present case a transmission 14th

FIG. 2 shows the rear view of the vehicle 1 FIG. 1 , The device 10 is closed with the lid 13. The gear 14 is fixed to a truss not further described here at the loading bridge 3 of the vehicle 1 and aligned with the pivot axis 12 of the lid 13.

FIG. 3 shows the view FIG. 2 , wherein the lid 13 has been pivoted about its pivot axis 12 in the arrow direction. The lid 13 is now in an open position, the device 10 and in this case the chambers of the device 10 is now open. On the lid 13 is a Loading device 30, which has also been pivoted with the cover 13 by the gear 14 about the pivot axis 12 in the arrow direction.

FIG. 4 shows the loading device 30 from FIG. 3 in a front view. The loading device 30 is mounted on a C-profile 15. A second C-profile may be provided. The loading device 30 has positioning means, which in the present case are designed as a lock 35. The locking means 35 engages in a hole not shown in detail in the C-profile 15 a. The loading device 30 has a funnel 36 in its upper area. This funnel 36 makes it possible to direct the bulk material to be emptied into narrow paths. In the central region of the loading device 30 gripping means 31 are provided, each having a gripping arm 33. The loading device 30 is transversely adjustable to the illustrated direction of displacement (arrow). For this purpose, the loading device 30 has lifting cylinders 34, which enable a substantially vertical movement of the entire loading device 30. In its lower region, the loading device 30 has a support 42, which can accommodate vertical forces of charge carriers positioned on the loading device 30.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of the loading device FIG. 4 , The funnel 36 is tapered and fixed to the loading device 30. Funnel 36, gripping means 31 with the associated gripping arms 33 and the support 42 are slidably mounted on a main arm 39. The lifting cylinder 34 acts on pulleys 37, which can be moved by a chain 38, the movable part of the loading device 30 on the main arm 39. Roll 37, Chain 38 and lifting cylinder 34 are connected to each other such that the movable part of the loading device 30 moves twice as far as the piston of the lifting cylinder 34. Schematically illustrated are also two C-profiles 15 to which the loading device 30 are slidably mounted. Not shown in detail is the displacement device, which is known in the art.

FIG. 6 shows the gripping means 31 of a loading device 30 in a schematic, sectional representation. In a loading device 30 two gripping means as described herein are provided, which are fixed in opposite directions to each other or one above the other. The present sectional view of a gripping means 31 in a schematic representation shows a possible embodiment of the gripping means 31. The gripping means 31 consists here of a square tube 40, in which a hydraulic gripper cylinder 41 is attached. At the piston rod end another square tube is attached, which represents the actual movable gripping means 31. At the outer end of the gripping means 31, a gripping arm 33 is shown. By extending and retracting the gripping cylinder 41, the gripping arm 33 is moved in the direction of the arrow. With a second gripping means 31, which is arranged symmetrically to the gripping means 31 shown here, containers or charge carriers can be gripped accordingly.

FIG. 7 shows a vehicle according to the invention 1 with the lid open. One of the chambers 20 of the device 10 is shown in a tilted position. The chamber 20 is closed by a movable side wall 21, which is shown here in an open position. In this position, it is possible to empty the chamber 20. Preferably, and as shown, each chamber is individually movable.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of the chamber 20 with its tilting mechanism of the FIG. 7 , The chamber 20 is pivotable about an axis of rotation 24. In order to pivot the chamber 20, a pivoting cylinder 25 is provided which is pivotally mounted, for example, on the loading bridge 3. In order to reduce the forces, the pivoting cylinder 35 acts on a toggle 26. The toggle 26 is attached to the bottom 23 of the chamber 20 and to the loading bridge 3. In the closed state, that is, when the chamber 20 is not yet pivoted, pivoting cylinder 25 and toggle lever are in a position which requires high forces. As a result, it is presently provided to provide an additional lifting cylinder 27, which initially supports the pivoting of the chamber 20, until the toggle 26 have an angle which allows the pivot cylinder 25, with little effort, the chamber 20 about the axis of rotation 24th to pan.

The FIGS. 9a to 9k now show various positions and states of the loading device in a schematic representation. FIG. 9a shows the schematic representation, wherein the loading device 30 is located within a chamber 20 of the device 10. For loading, the loading device 30 is pivoted outward about the pivot axis ( FIG. 9b ). The loading device 30 is subsequently located in a substantially vertical position outside the device 10 (FIG. FIG. 9c ). The loading device is then brought into a working position, as in FIG. 9d shown. In the working position, a load carrier 2 is gripped by the gripping device of the loading device 30 (FIG. FIG. 9e ). After gripping the load carrier, the loading device is brought into a loading position and to the vertical as possible together with the charge carrier as close to the Swivel axis lifted to minimize the forces acting ( FIG. 9f ). Subsequently, the loading device 30 is pivoted with the charge carrier 2 about the pivot axis 20 ( FIG. 9g ). The loading device is pivoted so far with the charge carrier until waste in the charge carrier begins to empty itself ( FIG. 9h ). Thus, the loading device is in an emptying position. As in FIG. 9h can be seen, a funnel is provided in the upper part of the loading device, which directs the bulk material in desired paths.

FIG. 9j shows a device or a chamber in the filled state, respectively before emptying. By tilting the device and opening a side wall, the container, as in Figure 9k shown, emptied.

Claims (15)

Device (10) for receiving and in particular for transporting and / or storing pourable material, comprising at least one and preferably at least two separate chambers (20) for separated loading, a loading device (30) for loading the chambers (20), wherein the chambers (20) have a bottom (22), a side wall (21) and an opening (23) at a distance (22) from the bottom, the loading device (30) in particular at the top of the device (10) about a pivot axis (12) is pivotally mounted, characterized in that the loading device (30) has means (31) for gripping, in particular for clamping and / or hooking of load carriers (2), in particular loading containers and / or pallets in a loading position, and that the Loading device (30) is pivotable in a rest position, in which it is disposed within a chamber (20). Device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that on the pivot axis (12) a lid (13) for closing the opening (23) is mounted, which forms a part of the loading device (30) and the means (31) for Grasps. Device (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the loading device (30) for emptying the charge carrier (2) in an emptying position on the opening (23) is pivotable. Device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the loading device (30) in the direction of the pivot axis (12) is displaceable. Device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the loading device (30) comprises means for measuring the weight of the charge carrier. Device (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for measuring the weight comprise a display unit and / or a storage unit for displaying and / or storing the weight. Device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the loading device (30) drive means, in particular hydraulic means, preferably at least one hydraulic cylinder, for pivoting the loading device, and a force for pivoting preferably by means of a chain drive is transferable , Device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the loading device (30) drive means, in particular hydraulic means, preferably at least one hydraulic cylinder, for moving the loading device in the direction of the pivot axis (12), and a force for Moving preferably by means of a chain drive is transferable. Vehicle, in particular a truck, comprising at least one device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8. Vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the device (10) is arranged on a tiltable in particular about a longitudinal side loading bridge (3). Vehicle according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the means (31) for gripping in the loading position to a level below the plane of the loading bridge (3) are lowered. Vehicle according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least part of the side wall (21) of the chambers (20) for the emptying of the chambers (20) can be swung open and / or removed. Method for loading a device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized - That the loading device (30) is pivoted into the loading position and that a charge carrier (2) is engaged, - That the charge carrier (2) is pivoted to an emptying position above the opening (23), in which the bulk material empties into the chambers (20), wherein these steps are repeated as often as desired, - And that after completion of the loading process, the loading device (30) is pivoted to the rest position within the chamber (20). A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the charge carrier (2) between the loading position and the emptying position before the pivotal movement is first raised substantially vertically. Method according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the weight of the charge carrier (2) is measured and the measured value is displayed and / or stored.

Images