EP2909849A1 - Current connection and/or cut-off device comprising permanent contacts with reduced wear - Google Patents

Current connection and/or cut-off device comprising permanent contacts with reduced wear

Info

Publication number
EP2909849A1
EP2909849A1 EP13777286.9A EP13777286A EP2909849A1 EP 2909849 A1 EP2909849 A1 EP 2909849A1 EP 13777286 A EP13777286 A EP 13777286A EP 2909849 A1 EP2909849 A1 EP 2909849A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
permanent
pair
main part
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13777286.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2909849B1 (en
Inventor
Oana Aitken
Chakib Fnineche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2909849A1 publication Critical patent/EP2909849A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2909849B1 publication Critical patent/EP2909849B1/en
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/025—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0233—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing carbides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/38—Plug-and-socket contacts
    • H01H1/385—Contact arrangements for high voltage gas blast circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
    • H01H33/78—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor wherein the break is in gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/008—Both contacts movable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/026—Material non precious

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of establishment devices and / or cut-off current with permanent contacts with reduced wear especially for high or medium voltage.
  • intermediate voltage and “high voltage” are used in their usual acceptance.
  • the term “medium voltage” refers to a voltage that ranges between 1 kV and 52 kV AC and is between 1.5 kV and 75 kV DC.
  • the term “high voltage” means a voltage strictly greater than 52 kV AC and strictly greater than 75 kV DC.
  • the device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current with permanent contacts can be in particular a circuit breaker, a switch, a disconnector, a contactor.
  • a device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current comprises in a breaking chamber filled with a dielectric fluid, such as sulfur hexafluoride, a pair of permanent contacts and a pair of arcing contacts.
  • a dielectric fluid such as sulfur hexafluoride
  • one of the contacts is fixed and the other is movable so that by moving the movable contacts move the device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current from a closed position to an open position and vice versa.
  • the contacts of a pair may both be mobile.
  • This switching electric arc is characterized by a very important energy that is sought to minimize to ensure a fast switching and on the other hand to minimize the wear of the main contacts.
  • the wear of the contacts leads to a mechanical weakening of the areas of these contacts coming into contact when the device is in the closed position, to a production of metal particles that cause dielectric ignitions between the parts that are live and those that are at potential of the earth and a geometric modification of the shape of the contacts leading to a decrease in the quality of the electrical contact in closed position.
  • the arc energy depends on the arc voltage, the arc current and the switching time.
  • a disadvantage of the presented configuration is that it is expensive, the coating to be fried before being deposited.
  • the movable permanent contact is in the form of a hollow cylinder
  • the fixed permanent contact is formed of two concentric hollow cylinders.
  • the movable contact In the closed position, the movable contact is inserted between the two concentric cylinders of the fixed permanent contact.
  • These two concentric cylinders are offset laterally with respect to each other, the outer cylinder being in the open position closer to the moving permanent contact than is the inner cylinder.
  • the outer surface of the moving permanent contact and the inner surface of the outer cylinder are not in mechanical contact, a space is arranged between them.
  • the movable contact ends internally with a contact bead and externally is end-coated with an erosion-resistant material located around the bead.
  • the bead comes into mechanical and electrical contact with the outer surface of the inner cylinder in the closed position.
  • the outer cylinder is internally coated at the end with an erosion resistant coating.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to propose a device for setting up and / or breaking current at high or medium voltage which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • An object of the invention is in particular to provide such a device for establishing and / or cutting power which has a longer life due to reduced wear of its permanent contacts without increasing its size, weight or cost .
  • Yet another object of the invention is to reduce the mechanical fragility of permanent contacts. in a setting device and / or power failure without increasing its size, weight or cost.
  • a further object of the invention is to preserve for longer than in the prior art the quality of contact in such a device for establishing and / or cutting power.
  • Another additional object of the invention is to limit the electrical ignitions in the interrupting chamber of such a device for establishing and / or cutting power.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device for establishing and / or breaking current with permanent contacts which has a reduced switching time, a reduced arc voltage across the main circuit and a decrease in current arc which flows in the main circuit at the time of the establishment of an electric arc.
  • the invention more precisely relates to a device for establishing and / or cutting a current comprising a pair of permanent contacts, at least one of the contacts of the pair being mobile.
  • At least one permanent contact of the pair comprises a main part having a free end and a terminal protection part integral with the free end of the main part, the end protection part being intended to be in mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact of the pair of permanent contacts that during a maneuver opening or closing the pair of permanent contacts, this part of end protection being made in a single transition metal whose melting temperature is strictly greater than that of the main part with which it is integral, an oxide of such a metal, a carbide of such a metal or the oxide of zinc.
  • the transition metal will preferably be selected from tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel.
  • the terminal protection portion may take the form of a surface coating of the free end of the main portion.
  • the coating preferably has a thickness between about 50 and 300 microns.
  • the end protection portion may take the form of a tip fixed by screwing or gluing to the free end of the main part.
  • this tip is solid.
  • the main part is formed of several successive elements assembled together, one of which forms the free end of the main part.
  • the permanent contact provided with the terminal protection part may take substantially the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the permanent contact provided with the terminal protection part takes the form of a flange provided with a plurality of fingers.
  • the device for establishing and / or breaking the current may further comprise at least one pair of arcing contacts.
  • the establishment device and / or power failure can be a circuit breaker, a disconnector, a switch, a contactor.
  • FIG. 1A shows in longitudinal section an example of a device for setting and / or breaking of the current object of the invention during an opening operation of the pair of permanent contacts
  • FIGS. 1B to 1C show variants of the contacts. permanent of the device
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an equivalent electrical diagram of the device for establishing and / or cutting power.
  • FIG. 1A there is shown in longitudinal section a current-breaking chamber of an example device for establishing and / or power failure object of the invention. It is assumed that this setting device and / or power failure is a high voltage circuit breaker, it is understood that it could be another type of high or medium voltage device, such as those mentioned above. In the following text, we will use the term circuit breaker without this being limiting.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a current breaking chamber 1 delimited by an insulating envelope 2 extending along a longitudinal axis XX ', sealed with a dielectric fluid such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • This insulating envelope 2 houses a pair of permanent contacts 3, 4, one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis XX 'under the action of a rod (not shown) and the other is stationary.
  • the moving permanent contact is referenced 3 and the stationary permanent contact is referenced 4.
  • the casing further houses a pair of arc contacts 5, 6, one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis XX '.
  • the movable arcing contact is referenced 5 and the other arcing contact is referenced 6.
  • the permanent and moving arc contacts are integral with each other and therefore move simultaneously during opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker described is self-compressing and it further comprises an extinguishing nozzle 7 having an orifice closed by the other arcing contact 6.
  • the two permanent contacts of the pair could be mobile and not just one of them.
  • the two arc contacts of the pair could be mobile and not just one of them.
  • the moving arcing contact 5 surrounds the stationary arcing contact 6, while the moving permanent contact 3 is surrounded by the steady stationary contact 4.
  • the moving permanent contact 3 takes the form of a cylinder hollow.
  • the stationary permanent contact 4 takes the form of a flange provided with fingers which project towards the moving permanent contact 5.
  • the circuit breaker is in the process of opening, however the pair of permanent contacts and the pair of arcing contacts are both still closed.
  • the path of the nominal current is established between the two permanent contacts 3, 4 of the pair of permanent contacts, they are in mutual mechanical and electrical contact. That's why these two contacts are called permanent.
  • the arcing contacts 5, 6 of the pair of arcing contacts are also in mutual mechanical and electrical contact.
  • the pair of permanent contacts opens first.
  • an electric arc is established between them.
  • the current goes through the pair of arc contacts that is still closed.
  • the arcing contacts 5, 6 separate an electric arc is established between them.
  • the dielectric gas is strongly heated, the pressure increases in the envelope. By a compression effect of the dielectric fluid, a flow of cold gas is blown on the electric arc and its extinction takes place.
  • the nominal current passing through the main circuit by the permanent contacts is generally less than 5 kA while the fault current passing in the same circuit is generally of the order of several tens of kilo amperes or even several hundred kilo amps.
  • the switching arc is characterized by a very high temperature. For a current of 50 kA, it can reach temperatures above 4700 ° C. Such a temperature favors the wear of the permanent contacts of conventional circuit breakers, a mechanical embrittlement of their ends, a geometric modification of their shape due to erosion and metallic particles are emitted in the breaking chamber. There is an increase in electrical contact resistances and therefore increased heating, a risk of electrical ignition by the presence of metal particles can be deposited on insulating parts.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modeling of the electrical circuit diagram of the circuit breaker with a main circuit C1 including the pair of permanent contacts PI and the arcing circuit C2 with the pair of arcing contacts P2, these two circuits C1, C2 being connected in parallel .
  • the main circuit C1 is resistive and the arc circuit C2 is a circuit R, L in series.
  • the resistance of the main circuit is called RI.
  • the inductance of the arc circuit C2 is called L2, its resistance R2.
  • the pairs of contacts PI, P2 have been shown closed.
  • the resistors R1, R2 include those of the contacts of each pair of contacts PI, P2.
  • the inductance L2 in the arc circuit C2 includes that of the dielectric fluid.
  • One solution for reducing arc energy is to increase the resistance of at least one of the permanent contacts of the pair to increase the resistance of the main circuit.
  • This permanent contact 3 comprises a main part 3.1 having a free end and a terminal protection part 3.2 integral with the free end of the main part. 3.1.
  • the terminal protection part 3.2 is made in a single transition metal, this single transition metal having a melting temperature which is strictly greater than that of the main part 3.1 which it protects.
  • This terminal protection part 3.2 is in mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact 4 of the pair only during an opening maneuver (before the appearance of an electric arc) or closing the pair permanent contacts. More generally, in case of closure in the presence of the current, the electric arc appears between the non-closed contacts when the distance is sufficient to initiate this arc. The arc goes out when the contacts are "in contact”. In the closed position, it is the main part 3.1 which ensures the mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact 4 of the pair of permanent contacts. In the open position, there is no electrical and mechanical mutual contact.
  • this other permanent contact 4 also has a main part 4.1 and a terminal protection part 4.2, the mechanical and electrical contact is between the two main parts 3.1, 4.1 in steady state (closed position) and between the two end protection parts 3.2, 4.2 in the opening or closing operation phase.
  • transition metals are considered to be chemical elements of atomic number 21 to 30, 39 to 48, and 72 to 80.
  • the transition metals whose melting temperature is higher than that of copper are the following: scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum. Some of these transition metals are rare and therefore expensive.
  • Preferred transition metals for the terminal protecting portion are, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel as they are commonly used in electricity and are less expensive. They are perfectly suitable if the main part is made of copper or alloyed copper such as CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr or even aluminum, these materials being generally superficially silvered. In this case, the material of the terminal protection part will have a higher melting temperature than silver, copper or alloyed copper or aluminum.
  • the melting point of these transition metals is given in parentheses: tungsten (3407 ° C), molybdenum (2617 ° C), cobalt (1495 ° C), titanium (1660 ° C), zirconium (1854 ° C), chromium (1857 ° C), nickel (1455 ° C).
  • the melting temperature of copper is 1084 ° C, that of silver is 961 ° C and that of aluminum is 660 ° C.
  • the transition metals mentioned above to protect copper, its CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr or aluminum alloys all have higher resistivity than copper and aluminum. By using a terminal protection part in one of these metals, the resistance of the main circuit is well increased. As a variant, it is possible to make the end protection part of an oxide of such a transition metal, of a carbide of such a transition metal or else of zinc oxide whose melting point of the oxide of zinc is 1975 ° C.
  • the main part 3.1 can be monoblock or multiblock.
  • the terminal protection part 3.2 may take the form of a coating which extends at least over the free end of the main part 3.1 and which extends laterally on the surface of the main part 3.1 so as to face the other permanent contact 4 of the pair, when the pair of permanent contacts is in opening or closing operation phase. There is no mechanical and electrical contact between the coating and the other permanent contact when the pair of permanent contacts is closed, it is only the main parts that are then in mechanical and electrical contact.
  • Figure 1B illustrates this configuration of the coating 3.2 and the main part 3.1 monoblock.
  • the thickness of the coating may be between about 50 and 300 microns, for example.
  • This technique makes it possible to deposit thick coatings on supports of varied nature.
  • This technique utilizes a carrier gas for accelerating and transporting liquid, pasty or solid particles from the coating to the support.
  • This thermal spraying technique includes flame projection or single flame, supersonic flame projection known as "high velocity oxy fuel” or HVOF, arc wire projection, blown arc plasma projection. , or even the more recent cold spray technique known as "cold spray”.
  • the main part 3.1 when multi-block, comprises several main elements 3.10 placed end to end, secured to each other by screwing or gluing, for example.
  • One of the main elements is a main end element 3.10.
  • the end shield portion may be formed by a coating that covers the end main member as shown in Fig. 1C.
  • the coating covers the end of the permanent contact and its surface, this coating being without electrical and mechanical contact with the other permanent contact of the pair in steady state when the circuit breaker is closed.
  • FIG. 1A shows a variant in which the end protection part 3.2 is a solid end piece made of the recommended material, this end piece being attached by screwing or gluing at the end of the main part 3.1.
  • the terminal protection part 3.2 As far, it has been attempted to describe the terminal protection part 3.2 as belonging to only one of the permanent contacts, the mobile permanent contact.
  • This permanent contact takes the form of a cylinder, preferably hollow, to reduce both its mass and energy to set it in motion.
  • the terminal protection part 4.2 belongs to the other permanent contact 4, the one surrounding the moving permanent contact 3.
  • the other permanent contact 4 may have its main part 4.1 in the form of a collar from which fingers project towards the moving permanent contact 3.
  • the free end 4.2 of the fingers acts as a terminal protection part and is made in the recommended material. The end of each of these fingers is intended to come into mechanical and electrical contact with the moving permanent contact when the circuit breaker is in opening or closing operation phase.
  • the two permanent contacts of the pair are equipped with the terminal protection part as in FIG. 1A.
  • the setting device and / or power failure may not be a circuit breaker, but be a disconnector, a switch, a contactor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a current connection and/or cut-off device comprising a pair of permanent contacts (3, 4), at least one of the contacts (3, 4) of the pair being movable. At least one permanent contact (3, 4) of the pair comprises a main part (3.1, 4.1) having a free end and a terminal protection part (3.2, 4.2) secured to the free end of the main part (3.1, 4.1), and comes into mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact (4, 3) of the pair only during an opening or closing manoeuvre of the pair. Said terminal protection part (3.2, 4.2) is made from a unique transition metal having a melting temperature that is strictly higher than that of the main part (3.1, 4.1) to which it is secured, or an oxide or a carbide of such a metal, or a zinc oxide. The invention is particularly applicable to high-voltage or medium-voltage circuit breakers.

Description

DISPOSITIF D'ÉTABLISSEMENT ET/OU DE COUPURE DE COURANT À CONTACTS PERMANENTS À USURE RÉDUITE  DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING AND / OR CUTTING CURRENT WITH REDUCED WEAR PERMANENT CONTACTS
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention concerne le domaine des dispositifs d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant à contacts permanents à usure réduite notamment pour haute ou moyenne tension.  The present invention relates to the field of establishment devices and / or cut-off current with permanent contacts with reduced wear especially for high or medium voltage.
Dans ce contexte, les expressions « moyenne tension » et « haute tension » sont utilisées dans leur acceptation habituelle. L'expression « moyenne tension » désigne une tension qui est comprise entre 1 kV et 52 kV en courant alternatif et qui est comprise entre 1,5 kV et 75 kV en courant continu. L'expression « haute tension » désigne une tension strictement supérieure à 52 kV en courant alternatif et strictement supérieure à 75 kV en courant continu.  In this context, the terms "medium voltage" and "high voltage" are used in their usual acceptance. The term "medium voltage" refers to a voltage that ranges between 1 kV and 52 kV AC and is between 1.5 kV and 75 kV DC. The term "high voltage" means a voltage strictly greater than 52 kV AC and strictly greater than 75 kV DC.
Le dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant électrique à contacts permanents peut être notamment un disjoncteur, un interrupteur, un sectionneur, un contacteur.  The device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current with permanent contacts can be in particular a circuit breaker, a switch, a disconnector, a contactor.
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
Un dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant électrique comporte dans une chambre de coupure emplie d'un fluide diélectrique, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre, une paire de contacts permanents et une paire de contacts d'arc. Généralement dans chaque paire, un des contacts est fixe et l'autre est mobile de manière à pouvoir en déplaçant les contacts mobiles faire passer le dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant électrique d'une position fermée à une position ouverte et vice- versa. En variante, les contacts d'une paire peuvent être tous les deux mobiles. A device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current comprises in a breaking chamber filled with a dielectric fluid, such as sulfur hexafluoride, a pair of permanent contacts and a pair of arcing contacts. Generally in each pair, one of the contacts is fixed and the other is movable so that by moving the movable contacts move the device for establishing and / or cutting electrical current from a closed position to an open position and vice versa. Alternatively, the contacts of a pair may both be mobile.
Lors de la manœuvre des contacts du dispositif visant à lui faire prendre une position ouverte depuis une position fermée, sous courant électrique, les contacts permanents se séparent, un arc électrique apparaît entre ces contacts, cet arc électrique est appelé arc de commutation. Après extinction de cet arc de commutation, le courant continue à circuler à travers les contacts d'arc. Ensuite les contacts d'arc se séparent à leur tour, ce qui provoque l'amorçage d'un arc électrique entre ces contacts d'arc. Le fluide diélectrique permet de refroidir l'arc et entraîne son extinction.  During the operation of the device contacts to make him take an open position from a closed position, under electric current, the permanent contacts separate, an electric arc appears between these contacts, this electric arc is called switching arc. After switching off this switching arc, the current continues to flow through the arcing contacts. Then the arcing contacts separate in turn, causing the initiation of an electric arc between these arcing contacts. The dielectric fluid allows to cool the arc and causes its extinction.
Cet arc électrique de commutation se caractérise par une énergie très importante que l'on cherche à minimiser pour d'une part garantir une commutation rapide et d'autre part minimiser l'usure des contacts principaux. L'usure des contacts conduit à une fragilisation mécanique des zones de ces contacts venant en contact lors que le dispositif est en position fermée, à une production de particules métalliques qui entraînent des amorçages diélectriques entre les pièces qui sont sous tension et celles qui sont au potentiel de la terre et à une modification géométrique de la forme des contacts conduisant à une diminution de la qualité du contact électrique en position fermée. L'énergie d'arc dépend de la tension de l'arc, du courant de l'arc et du temps de commutation . This switching electric arc is characterized by a very important energy that is sought to minimize to ensure a fast switching and on the other hand to minimize the wear of the main contacts. The wear of the contacts leads to a mechanical weakening of the areas of these contacts coming into contact when the device is in the closed position, to a production of metal particles that cause dielectric ignitions between the parts that are live and those that are at potential of the earth and a geometric modification of the shape of the contacts leading to a decrease in the quality of the electrical contact in closed position. The arc energy depends on the arc voltage, the arc current and the switching time.
Dans la demande de brevet US 2006/278507 il est décrit un contact d'arc comportant une pastille de tungstène soudée sur un support en métal avec de l'argent ou du cuivre, le support et la couche de soudure étant recouverts avec une couche de protection d'étain, de zinc, de magnésium ou d'aluminium. Cette configuration n'est pas satisfaisante car l'argent, le cuivre et les matériaux préconisés pour la couche de protection ne vont pas rester inertes en présence de l'arc électrique et vont s'éroder, se vaporiser.  In the patent application US 2006/278507 there is described an arc contact having a tungsten chip welded to a metal support with silver or copper, the support and the solder layer being covered with a layer of protection of tin, zinc, magnesium or aluminum. This configuration is not satisfactory because the silver, copper and materials recommended for the protective layer will not remain inert in the presence of the electric arc and will erode, vaporize.
Dans le brevet US 6 211 478, il est préconisé de pourvoir un contact d'arc d'un revêtement en un matériau fritté formé d'un mélange de deux métaux, l'un ayant une température de fusion supérieure à 2000°c et l'autre ayant une température de fusion inférieure à 2000°C. Un matériau présenté comme particulièrement intéressant est un mélange cuivre tungstène avec 80% de tungstène et 20% de cuivre, ces pourcentages étant des pourcentages en poids.  In US Pat. No. 6,211,478, it is recommended to provide an arc contact with a coating made of a sintered material formed of a mixture of two metals, one having a melting point above 2000 ° C. another having a melting temperature of less than 2000 ° C. A material presented as particularly interesting is a tungsten copper mixture with 80% of tungsten and 20% of copper, these percentages being percentages by weight.
Un inconvénient de la configuration présentée est qu'elle est onéreuse, le revêtement devant être frité avant d'être déposé.  A disadvantage of the presented configuration is that it is expensive, the coating to be fried before being deposited.
Un autre inconvénient est qu'avec le mélange préconisé, lorsque l'arc électrique est établi, il y a vaporisation du métal ayant la température de fusion la plus basse, usure du contact et dispersion de particules métalliques dans la chambre de coupure. La durée d'un arc électrique prenant naissance entre les contacts d'arc est bien plus longue que celle d'un arc de commutation. Elle vaut quelques millisecondes à quelques dizaines de millisecondes. La durée d'un arc électrique de commutation ne dépasse pas, elle, environ 2 millisecondes. Le fait d'utiliser un revêtement en un métal non allié ayant une température de fusion élevée sur le contact d'arc, fait que l'énergie de l'arc va se transférer facilement, par conduction, au contact d'arc qui supporte ce revêtement, ce contact d'arc étant généralement en cuivre. Il va donc se produire une dégradation du support . Another disadvantage is that with the recommended mixture, when the electric arc is established, there is vaporization of the metal having the lowest melting temperature, wear of the contact and dispersion of metal particles in the breaking chamber. The duration of an electric arc originating between the arcing contacts is much longer than that of a switching arc. It is worth a few milliseconds to a few tens of milliseconds. The duration of a switching electric arc does not exceed about 2 milliseconds. The fact of using a coating of unalloyed metal having a high melting temperature on the arcing contact, makes the energy of the arc will easily transfer, by conduction, to the arc contact which supports this coating, this arc contact being generally copper. It will therefore occur a degradation of the support.
Dans la demande de brevet EP 1 837 889, le contact permanent mobile est en forme de cylindre creux, le contact permanent fixe est formé de deux cylindres creux concentriques. En position fermée, le contact mobile vient s'insérer entre les deux cylindres concentriques du contact permanent fixe. Ces deux cylindres concentriques sont décalés latéralement l'un par rapport à l'autre, le cylindre extérieur étant en position ouverte plus proche du contact permanent mobile que ne l'est le cylindre intérieur. En position fermée, la surface extérieure du contact permanent mobile et la surface intérieure du cylindre extérieur ne sont pas en contact mécanique, un espace est aménagé entre eux.  In the patent application EP 1 837 889, the movable permanent contact is in the form of a hollow cylinder, the fixed permanent contact is formed of two concentric hollow cylinders. In the closed position, the movable contact is inserted between the two concentric cylinders of the fixed permanent contact. These two concentric cylinders are offset laterally with respect to each other, the outer cylinder being in the open position closer to the moving permanent contact than is the inner cylinder. In the closed position, the outer surface of the moving permanent contact and the inner surface of the outer cylinder are not in mechanical contact, a space is arranged between them.
Le contact mobile se termine, intérieurement par un bourrelet de contact et extérieurement est revêtu en bout d'un matériau résistant à l'érosion, situé autour du bourrelet. Le bourrelet vient en contact mécanique et électrique avec la surface extérieure du cylindre intérieur en position fermée . The movable contact ends internally with a contact bead and externally is end-coated with an erosion-resistant material located around the bead. The bead comes into mechanical and electrical contact with the outer surface of the inner cylinder in the closed position.
Le cylindre extérieur est revêtu intérieurement en bout d'un revêtement résistant à 1 ' érosion .  The outer cylinder is internally coated at the end with an erosion resistant coating.
Cette configuration n'est pas non plus satisfaisante. Elle est onéreuse, volumineuse et lourde à cause des deux cylindres du contact permanent fixe. II subsiste toujours le risque d'usure des contacts entre le bourrelet et la surface extérieure du cylindre intérieur et d'émission de particules métalliques dans la chambre de coupure. L'emploi des deux contacts permanents fixes nécessite un réglage fin entre eux, le contact extérieur étant en saillie par rapport au contact extérieur de manière à attirer l'arc électrique. Ce réglage fin n'est pas aisé.  This configuration is not satisfactory either. It is expensive, bulky and heavy because of the two cylinders of permanent fixed contact. There is always the risk of wear of the contacts between the bead and the outer surface of the inner cylinder and emission of metal particles in the interrupting chamber. The use of the two fixed permanent contacts requires a fine adjustment between them, the external contact being protruding from the external contact so as to attract the electric arc. This fine adjustment is not easy.
EXPOSÉ DE L' INVENTION STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention a justement comme but de proposer un dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant à haute ou moyenne tension qui ne présente pas les inconvénients mentionnés ci dessus.  The object of the present invention is precisely to propose a device for setting up and / or breaking current at high or medium voltage which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above.
Un but de l'invention est en particulier de proposer un tel dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant qui a une longévité accrue due à une usure réduite de ses contacts permanents sans pour autant augmenter son encombrement, son poids ou son coût .  An object of the invention is in particular to provide such a device for establishing and / or cutting power which has a longer life due to reduced wear of its permanent contacts without increasing its size, weight or cost .
Encore un autre but de l'invention est de réduire la fragilité mécanique des contacts permanents dans un dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant sans pour autant augmenter son encombrement, son poids ou son coût. Yet another object of the invention is to reduce the mechanical fragility of permanent contacts. in a setting device and / or power failure without increasing its size, weight or cost.
Un but supplémentaire de l'invention est de conserver plus longtemps que dans l'art antérieur la qualité de contact dans un tel dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant.  A further object of the invention is to preserve for longer than in the prior art the quality of contact in such a device for establishing and / or cutting power.
Un autre but supplémentaire de l'invention est de limiter les amorçages électriques dans la chambre de coupure d'un tel dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant.  Another additional object of the invention is to limit the electrical ignitions in the interrupting chamber of such a device for establishing and / or cutting power.
Encore un but supplémentaire de l'invention est de réaliser un dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant à contacts permanents qui a un temps de commutation réduit, une tension d'arc réduite aux bornes du circuit principal et une diminution du courant d' arc qui circule dans le circuit principal au moment de l'établissement d'un arc électrique.  Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device for establishing and / or breaking current with permanent contacts which has a reduced switching time, a reduced arc voltage across the main circuit and a decrease in current arc which flows in the main circuit at the time of the establishment of an electric arc.
Pour atteindre ces buts l'invention concerne plus précisément un dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant comportant une paire de contacts permanents, l'un au moins des contacts de la paire étant mobile. Au moins un contact permanent de la paire comporte une partie principale ayant une extrémité libre et une partie de protection terminale solidaire de l'extrémité libre de la partie principale, la partie de protection terminale étant destinée à n'être en contact mécanique et électrique avec l'autre contact permanent de la paire de contacts permanents que durant une manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture de la paire de contacts permanents, cette partie de protection terminale étant réalisée dans un unique métal de transition dont la température de fusion est strictement supérieure à celle de la partie principale avec laquelle elle est solidaire, un oxyde d'un tel métal, un carbure d'un tel métal ou encore l'oxyde de zinc . To achieve these aims, the invention more precisely relates to a device for establishing and / or cutting a current comprising a pair of permanent contacts, at least one of the contacts of the pair being mobile. At least one permanent contact of the pair comprises a main part having a free end and a terminal protection part integral with the free end of the main part, the end protection part being intended to be in mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact of the pair of permanent contacts that during a maneuver opening or closing the pair of permanent contacts, this part of end protection being made in a single transition metal whose melting temperature is strictly greater than that of the main part with which it is integral, an oxide of such a metal, a carbide of such a metal or the oxide of zinc.
Lorsque la partie principale est en cuivre, en cuivre allié ou en aluminium éventuellement revêtus d'argent, le métal de transition sera préférentiellement choisi parmi le tungstène, le molybdène, le cobalt, le titane, le zirconium, le chrome, le nickel.  When the main part is copper, alloy copper or aluminum optionally coated with silver, the transition metal will preferably be selected from tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel.
La partie de protection terminale peut prendre la forme d'un revêtement en surface de l'extrémité libre de la partie principale.  The terminal protection portion may take the form of a surface coating of the free end of the main portion.
Le revêtement a préférentiellement une épaisseur comprise entre environ 50 et 300 micromètres.  The coating preferably has a thickness between about 50 and 300 microns.
En variante, la partie de protection terminale peut prendre la forme d'un embout fixé par vissage ou collage à l'extrémité libre de la partie principale. Avantageusement cet embout est massif.  Alternatively, the end protection portion may take the form of a tip fixed by screwing or gluing to the free end of the main part. Advantageously, this tip is solid.
On peut envisager que la partie principale soit formée de plusieurs éléments successifs assemblés entre eux dont un forme l'extrémité libre de la partie principale.  It can be envisaged that the main part is formed of several successive elements assembled together, one of which forms the free end of the main part.
Le contact permanent muni de la partie de protection terminale peut prendre sensiblement la forme d'un cylindre creux.  The permanent contact provided with the terminal protection part may take substantially the form of a hollow cylinder.
En variante ou en combinaison, le contact permanent muni de la partie de protection terminale prend la forme d'une collerette pourvue d'une pluralité de doigts. As a variant or in combination, the permanent contact provided with the terminal protection part takes the form of a flange provided with a plurality of fingers.
Selon l'invention le dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant peut comporter en plus au moins une paire de contacts d'arc.  According to the invention, the device for establishing and / or breaking the current may further comprise at least one pair of arcing contacts.
Le dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant peut être un disjoncteur, un sectionneur, un interrupteur, un contacteur.  The establishment device and / or power failure can be a circuit breaker, a disconnector, a switch, a contactor.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'exemples de réalisation donnés, à titre purement indicatif et nullement limitatif, en faisant référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The present invention will be better understood on reading the description of exemplary embodiments given, purely by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
la figure 1A montre en coupe longitudinale un exemple de dispositif d'établissement et/ou coupure de courant objet de l'invention lors d'une manœuvre d'ouverture de la paire de contacts permanents, les figures 1B à 1C montrent des variantes des contacts permanents du dispositif ;  FIG. 1A shows in longitudinal section an example of a device for setting and / or breaking of the current object of the invention during an opening operation of the pair of permanent contacts, FIGS. 1B to 1C show variants of the contacts. permanent of the device;
la figure 2 illustre un schéma électrique équivalent du dispositif d'établissement et/ou coupure de courant .  FIG. 2 illustrates an equivalent electrical diagram of the device for establishing and / or cutting power.
Des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures décrites ci-après portent les mêmes références numériques de façon à faciliter le passage d'une figure à l'autre.  Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures described below bear the same numerical references so as to facilitate the passage from one figure to another.
Les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles . The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.
Sur les figures 1, dans un souci de clarté, les hachures n'ont été portées que sur les contacts permanents.  In Figures 1, for the sake of clarity, the hatching has been worn only on permanent contacts.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERS DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
Sur la figure 1A, on a représenté en coupe longitudinale une chambre de coupure de courant d'un exemple de dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant objet de l'invention. On suppose que ce dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant est un disjoncteur haute tension, il est bien entendu que ce pourrait être un autre type d'appareil à haute ou moyenne tension, tels que ceux cités précédemment. Dans la suite du texte, on emploiera le terme de disjoncteur sans que cela ne soit limitatif. In Figure 1A, there is shown in longitudinal section a current-breaking chamber of an example device for establishing and / or power failure object of the invention. It is assumed that this setting device and / or power failure is a high voltage circuit breaker, it is understood that it could be another type of high or medium voltage device, such as those mentioned above. In the following text, we will use the term circuit breaker without this being limiting.
Le disjoncteur comporte une chambre de coupure de courant 1 délimitée par une enveloppe isolante 2 s' étendant selon un axe longitudinal XX', étanche emplie d'un fluide diélectrique tel que de l'hexafluorure de soufre. Cette enveloppe isolante 2 loge une paire de contacts permanents 3, 4 dont un est mobile le long de l'axe longitudinal XX' sous l'action d'une tige (non représentée) et l'autre est stationnaire . Le contact permanent mobile est référencé 3 et le contact permanent stationnaire est référencé 4.  The circuit breaker comprises a current breaking chamber 1 delimited by an insulating envelope 2 extending along a longitudinal axis XX ', sealed with a dielectric fluid such as sulfur hexafluoride. This insulating envelope 2 houses a pair of permanent contacts 3, 4, one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis XX 'under the action of a rod (not shown) and the other is stationary. The moving permanent contact is referenced 3 and the stationary permanent contact is referenced 4.
L'enveloppe loge en plus une paire de contacts d'arc 5, 6 dont l'un est mobile le long de l'axe longitudinal XX'. Le contact d'arc mobile est référencé 5 et l'autre contact d'arc est référencé 6. Les contacts permanents et d'arc mobiles sont solidaires l'un de l'autre et se déplacent donc simultanément lors de manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture du disjoncteur. Le disjoncteur décrit est à auto-compression et il comporte de plus une buse d'extinction 7 ayant un orifice fermé par l'autre contact d'arc 6. The casing further houses a pair of arc contacts 5, 6, one of which is movable along the longitudinal axis XX '. The movable arcing contact is referenced 5 and the other arcing contact is referenced 6. The permanent and moving arc contacts are integral with each other and therefore move simultaneously during opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker described is self-compressing and it further comprises an extinguishing nozzle 7 having an orifice closed by the other arcing contact 6.
On notera qu'en variante, les deux contacts permanents de la paire pourraient être mobiles et pas seulement l'un d'entre eux. De la même manière, les deux contacts d'arc de la paire pourraient être mobiles et pas seulement l'un d'entre eux.  It will be noted that, alternatively, the two permanent contacts of the pair could be mobile and not just one of them. In the same way, the two arc contacts of the pair could be mobile and not just one of them.
Dans l'exemple décrit, le contact d'arc mobile 5 entoure le contact d'arc stationnaire 6, tandis que le contact permanent mobile 3 est entouré par le contact permanent stationnaire 4. Le contact permanent mobile 3 prend la forme d'un cylindre creux. Le contact permanent stationnaire 4 prend la forme d'une collerette munie de doigts qui font saillie vers le contact permanent mobile 5.  In the example described, the moving arcing contact 5 surrounds the stationary arcing contact 6, while the moving permanent contact 3 is surrounded by the steady stationary contact 4. The moving permanent contact 3 takes the form of a cylinder hollow. The stationary permanent contact 4 takes the form of a flange provided with fingers which project towards the moving permanent contact 5.
Dans l'exemple décrit sur la figure 1A, le disjoncteur est en voie d'ouverture, toutefois la paire de contacts permanents et la paire de contacts d'arc sont encore toutes les deux fermées.  In the example described in Figure 1A, the circuit breaker is in the process of opening, however the pair of permanent contacts and the pair of arcing contacts are both still closed.
La trajectoire du courant nominal s'établit entre les deux contacts permanents 3, 4 de la paire de contacts permanents, ils sont en contact mécanique et électrique mutuel. C'est pour cela que ces deux contacts sont qualifiés de permanents. Les contacts d'arc 5, 6 de la paire de contacts d'arc sont également en contact mécanique et électrique mutuel. Lors de la manœuvre, la paire de contacts permanents s'ouvre d'abord. Au moment de la séparation des contacts permanents 3, 4, un arc électrique s'établit entre eux. Mais ensuite le courant passe par la paire de contacts d'arc qui est encore fermée. Lorsque les contacts d'arc 5, 6 se séparent un arc électrique s'établit entre eux. Le gaz diélectrique est fortement chauffé, la pression augmente dans l'enveloppe. Par un effet de compression du fluide diélectrique, un flux de gaz froid est soufflé sur l'arc électrique et son extinction a lieu. The path of the nominal current is established between the two permanent contacts 3, 4 of the pair of permanent contacts, they are in mutual mechanical and electrical contact. That's why these two contacts are called permanent. The arcing contacts 5, 6 of the pair of arcing contacts are also in mutual mechanical and electrical contact. When maneuver, the pair of permanent contacts opens first. At the time of the separation of the permanent contacts 3, 4, an electric arc is established between them. But then the current goes through the pair of arc contacts that is still closed. When the arcing contacts 5, 6 separate an electric arc is established between them. The dielectric gas is strongly heated, the pressure increases in the envelope. By a compression effect of the dielectric fluid, a flow of cold gas is blown on the electric arc and its extinction takes place.
Dans les disjoncteurs haute tension, le courant nominal passant dans le circuit principal par les contacts permanents est généralement inférieur à 5 kA alors que le courant de défaut passant dans le même circuit est généralement de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines de kilo ampères voire plusieurs centaines de kilo ampères. L'arc électrique de commutation se caractérise par une température très élevée. Pour un courant de 50 kA, elle peut atteindre des températures supérieures à 4700°C. Une telle température favorise l'usure des contacts permanents des disjoncteurs conventionnels, une fragilisation mécanique de leurs extrémités, une modification géométrique de leur forme à cause de l'érosion et des particules métalliques sont émises dans la chambre de coupure. On observe une augmentation des résistances électriques de contact et donc un échauffement accru, un risque d'amorçage électrique par la présence des particules métalliques pouvant se déposer sur des pièces isolantes. Les performances du disjoncteur peuvent être dégradées. Pour éviter la dégradation d'au moins un contact permanent 3, 4 de la paire de contacts permanents, l'idée est de réduire l'énergie de l'arc électrique qui s'établit entre eux et sa durée. La figure 2 montre une modélisation du schéma électrique du disjoncteur avec un circuit principal Cl incluant la paire de contacts permanents PI et le circuit d' arc C2 avec la paire de contacts d'arc P2, ces deux circuits Cl, C2 étant montés en parallèle. Le circuit principal Cl est résistif et le circuit d'arc C2 est un circuit R, L en série. La résistance du circuit principal est dénommée RI. L'inductance du circuit d'arc C2 est dénommée L2, sa résistance R2. In high-voltage circuit breakers, the nominal current passing through the main circuit by the permanent contacts is generally less than 5 kA while the fault current passing in the same circuit is generally of the order of several tens of kilo amperes or even several hundred kilo amps. The switching arc is characterized by a very high temperature. For a current of 50 kA, it can reach temperatures above 4700 ° C. Such a temperature favors the wear of the permanent contacts of conventional circuit breakers, a mechanical embrittlement of their ends, a geometric modification of their shape due to erosion and metallic particles are emitted in the breaking chamber. There is an increase in electrical contact resistances and therefore increased heating, a risk of electrical ignition by the presence of metal particles can be deposited on insulating parts. Breaker performance may be degraded. To avoid the degradation of at least one permanent contact 3, 4 of the pair of permanent contacts, the idea is to reduce the energy of the electric arc that is established between them and its duration. FIG. 2 shows a modeling of the electrical circuit diagram of the circuit breaker with a main circuit C1 including the pair of permanent contacts PI and the arcing circuit C2 with the pair of arcing contacts P2, these two circuits C1, C2 being connected in parallel . The main circuit C1 is resistive and the arc circuit C2 is a circuit R, L in series. The resistance of the main circuit is called RI. The inductance of the arc circuit C2 is called L2, its resistance R2.
Les paires de contacts PI, P2 ont été représentées fermées. Les résistances RI, R2 incluent celles des contacts de chaque paire de contacts PI, P2. L'inductance L2 dans le circuit d'arc C2 inclut celle du fluide diélectrique.  The pairs of contacts PI, P2 have been shown closed. The resistors R1, R2 include those of the contacts of each pair of contacts PI, P2. The inductance L2 in the arc circuit C2 includes that of the dielectric fluid.
Une solution pour réduire l'énergie d'arc est d'augmenter la résistance d'au moins un des contacts permanents de la paire pour augmenter la résistance du circuit principal.  One solution for reducing arc energy is to increase the resistance of at least one of the permanent contacts of the pair to increase the resistance of the main circuit.
On se réfère de nouveau à la figure 1A et s'intéresse plus particulièrement au contact permanent 3. Ce contact permanent 3 comporte une partie principale 3.1 ayant une extrémité libre et une partie de protection terminale 3.2 solidaire de l'extrémité libre de la partie principale 3.1. La partie de protection terminale 3.2 est réalisée dans un unique métal de transition, cet unique métal de transition ayant une température de fusion qui est strictement supérieure à celle de la partie principale 3.1 qu'elle protège. Cette partie de protection terminale 3.2 n'est en contact mécanique et électrique avec l'autre contact permanent 4 de la paire que lors d'une manœuvre d'ouverture (avant l'apparition d'un arc électrique) ou de fermeture de la paire de contacts permanents. Plus généralement, en cas de fermeture en présence du courant, l'arc électrique apparaît entre les contacts non-fermés lorsque la distance est suffisante pour amorcer cet arc. L'arc s'éteint quand les contacts sont « en contact ». En position fermée, c'est la partie principale 3.1 qui assure le contact mécanique et électrique avec l'autre contact permanent 4 de la paire de contacts permanents. En position ouverte, il n'y a pas de contact électrique et mécanique mutuel. Referring again to FIG. 1A, this is more particularly concerned with permanent contact 3. This permanent contact 3 comprises a main part 3.1 having a free end and a terminal protection part 3.2 integral with the free end of the main part. 3.1. The terminal protection part 3.2 is made in a single transition metal, this single transition metal having a melting temperature which is strictly greater than that of the main part 3.1 which it protects. This terminal protection part 3.2 is in mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact 4 of the pair only during an opening maneuver (before the appearance of an electric arc) or closing the pair permanent contacts. More generally, in case of closure in the presence of the current, the electric arc appears between the non-closed contacts when the distance is sufficient to initiate this arc. The arc goes out when the contacts are "in contact". In the closed position, it is the main part 3.1 which ensures the mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact 4 of the pair of permanent contacts. In the open position, there is no electrical and mechanical mutual contact.
Si, comme on le verra ultérieurement, cet autre contact permanent 4 possède également une partie principale 4.1 et une partie de protection terminale 4.2, le contact mécanique et électrique se fait entre les deux parties principales 3.1, 4.1 en régime permanent (position fermée) et entre les deux parties de protection terminale 3.2, 4.2 en phase de manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture.  If, as will be seen later, this other permanent contact 4 also has a main part 4.1 and a terminal protection part 4.2, the mechanical and electrical contact is between the two main parts 3.1, 4.1 in steady state (closed position) and between the two end protection parts 3.2, 4.2 in the opening or closing operation phase.
Dans la présente demande, on considère que les métaux de transition sont les éléments chimiques de numéro atomique 21 à 30, 39 à 48, et 72 à 80.  In the present application, transition metals are considered to be chemical elements of atomic number 21 to 30, 39 to 48, and 72 to 80.
Si la partie principale est en cuivre, dont la température de fusion est de 1084°C, les métaux de transition dont la température de fusion est supérieure à celle du cuivre sont les suivants : le scandium, le titane, le vanadium, le chrome, le manganèse, le fer, le cobalt, le nickel, l'yttrium, le zirconium, le niobium, le molybdène, le technétium, le ruthénium, le rhodium, le palladium, l'hafnium, le tantale, le tungstène, le rhénium, l'osmium, l'iridium, le platine. Certains de ces métaux de transition sont rares et donc chers. Des métaux de transition préférés pour la partie de protection terminale sont par exemple le tungstène, le molybdène, le cobalt, le titane, le zirconium, le chrome, le nickel car ils sont couramment utilisés en électricité et sont moins onéreux. Ils conviennent parfaitement si la partie principale est en cuivre ou en cuivre allié tel que le CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr ou même en aluminium, ces matériaux étant généralement argentés superficiellement. Dans ce cas, le matériau de la partie de protection terminale aura une température de fusion supérieure à celle de l'argent, du cuivre ou du cuivre allié ou de l'aluminium. If the main part is copper, whose melting temperature is 1084 ° C, the transition metals whose melting temperature is higher than that of copper are the following: scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum. Some of these transition metals are rare and therefore expensive. Preferred transition metals for the terminal protecting portion are, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel as they are commonly used in electricity and are less expensive. They are perfectly suitable if the main part is made of copper or alloyed copper such as CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr or even aluminum, these materials being generally superficially silvered. In this case, the material of the terminal protection part will have a higher melting temperature than silver, copper or alloyed copper or aluminum.
On rappelle ci-dessous, entre parenthèses, la température de fusion de ces métaux de transition : tungstène (3407°C), molybdène (2617°C), le cobalt (1495°C), le titane (1660°c), le zirconium (1854°C), le chrome (1857°C), le nickel (1455°C). La température de fusion du cuivre est de 1084 °C, celle de l'argent est de 961°C et celle de l'aluminium est de 660°C. Les métaux de transition cités précédemment pour protéger du cuivre, ses alliages CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr ou de l'aluminium ont tous une résistivité supérieure à celle du cuivre et de l'aluminium. En utilisant une partie de protection terminale en un de ces métaux, on augmente bien la résistance du circuit principal. En variante il est possible de réaliser la partie de protection terminale en un oxyde d'un tel métal de transition, en un carbure d'un tel métal de transition ou bien encore en oxyde de zinc dont la température de fusion de l'oxyde de zinc vaut 1975°C. The melting point of these transition metals is given in parentheses: tungsten (3407 ° C), molybdenum (2617 ° C), cobalt (1495 ° C), titanium (1660 ° C), zirconium (1854 ° C), chromium (1857 ° C), nickel (1455 ° C). The melting temperature of copper is 1084 ° C, that of silver is 961 ° C and that of aluminum is 660 ° C. The transition metals mentioned above to protect copper, its CuCr, CuCrZr, CuZr or aluminum alloys all have higher resistivity than copper and aluminum. By using a terminal protection part in one of these metals, the resistance of the main circuit is well increased. As a variant, it is possible to make the end protection part of an oxide of such a transition metal, of a carbide of such a transition metal or else of zinc oxide whose melting point of the oxide of zinc is 1975 ° C.
La partie principale 3.1 peut être monobloc ou multi bloc.  The main part 3.1 can be monoblock or multiblock.
La partie de protection terminale 3.2 peut prendre la forme d'un revêtement qui s'étend au moins sur l'extrémité libre de la partie principale 3.1 et qui se prolonge latéralement en surface de la partie principale 3.1 de manière à faire face à l'autre contact permanent 4 de la paire, lorsque la paire de contacts permanents est en phase de manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture. Il n'y a pas de contact mécanique et électrique entre le revêtement et l'autre contact permanent lorsque la paire de contacts permanents est fermée, ce ne sont que les parties principales qui sont alors en contact mécanique et électrique. La figure 1B illustre cette configuration du revêtement 3.2 et de la partie principale 3.1 monobloc .  The terminal protection part 3.2 may take the form of a coating which extends at least over the free end of the main part 3.1 and which extends laterally on the surface of the main part 3.1 so as to face the other permanent contact 4 of the pair, when the pair of permanent contacts is in opening or closing operation phase. There is no mechanical and electrical contact between the coating and the other permanent contact when the pair of permanent contacts is closed, it is only the main parts that are then in mechanical and electrical contact. Figure 1B illustrates this configuration of the coating 3.2 and the main part 3.1 monoblock.
L'épaisseur du revêtement peut être comprise entre environ 50 et 300 micromètres par exemple.  The thickness of the coating may be between about 50 and 300 microns, for example.
Il peut être déposé par projection thermique, cette technique permet de déposer des revêtements épais sur des supports de nature variés. Cette technique utilise un gaz vecteur destiné à accélérer et transporter des particules liquides, pâteuses ou solides du revêtement vers le support. Cette technique de projection thermique inclut notamment la projection par chalumeau ou flamme simple, la projection par flamme supersonique connue sous la dénomination anglaise de « high velocity oxy- fuel » ou HVOF, la projection par arc fil, la projection par plasma d'arc soufflé, ou même la technique plus récente de projection à froid connue sous la dénomination anglaise de « cold spray ». It can be deposited by thermal spraying, this technique makes it possible to deposit thick coatings on supports of varied nature. This technique utilizes a carrier gas for accelerating and transporting liquid, pasty or solid particles from the coating to the support. This thermal spraying technique includes flame projection or single flame, supersonic flame projection known as "high velocity oxy fuel" or HVOF, arc wire projection, blown arc plasma projection. , or even the more recent cold spray technique known as "cold spray".
La partie principale 3.1, lorsqu'elle est multi bloc, comporte plusieurs éléments principaux 3.10 mis bout à bout, solidaire l'un à l'autre par vissage ou collage par exemple. L'un des éléments principaux est un élément principal d'extrémité 3.10. La partie de protection terminale peut être formée par un revêtement qui recouvre l'élément principal d'extrémité comme illustré sur la figure 1C. Ici encore, on s'arrange pour que le revêtement recouvre l'extrémité du contact permanent et sa surface, ce revêtement étant sans contact électrique et mécanique avec l'autre contact permanent de la paire, en régime permanent lorsque le disjoncteur est fermé.  The main part 3.1, when multi-block, comprises several main elements 3.10 placed end to end, secured to each other by screwing or gluing, for example. One of the main elements is a main end element 3.10. The end shield portion may be formed by a coating that covers the end main member as shown in Fig. 1C. Here again, it is arranged that the coating covers the end of the permanent contact and its surface, this coating being without electrical and mechanical contact with the other permanent contact of the pair in steady state when the circuit breaker is closed.
Sur la figure 1A, on a représenté une variante dans laquelle la partie de protection terminale 3.2 est un embout massif réalisé dans le matériau préconisé, cet embout étant rapporté par vissage ou collage en bout de la partie principale 3.1.  FIG. 1A shows a variant in which the end protection part 3.2 is a solid end piece made of the recommended material, this end piece being attached by screwing or gluing at the end of the main part 3.1.
Jusqu'à présent, on s'est attaché à décrire la partie de protection terminale 3.2 comme appartenant à un seul des contacts permanents, le contact permanent mobile. Ce contact permanent prend la forme d'un cylindre, de préférence creux, pour réduire à la fois sa masse et l'énergie pour le mettre en mouvement. So far, it has been attempted to describe the terminal protection part 3.2 as belonging to only one of the permanent contacts, the mobile permanent contact. This permanent contact takes the form of a cylinder, preferably hollow, to reduce both its mass and energy to set it in motion.
On peut bien sûr envisager que la partie de protection terminale 4.2 appartienne à l'autre contact permanent 4, celui qui entoure le contact permanent mobile 3. Cette variante est représentée sur la figure 1A. L'autre contact permanent 4 peut avoir sa partie principale 4.1 en forme de collerette à partir de laquelle des doigts se projettent vers le contact permanent mobile 3. L'extrémité libre 4.2 des doigts fait office de partie de protection terminale et est réalisée dans le matériau préconisé. L'extrémité de chacun de ces doigts est destinée à venir en contact mécanique et électrique avec le contact permanent mobile lorsque le disjoncteur est en phase de manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture.  It can of course be envisaged that the terminal protection part 4.2 belongs to the other permanent contact 4, the one surrounding the moving permanent contact 3. This variant is represented in FIG. 1A. The other permanent contact 4 may have its main part 4.1 in the form of a collar from which fingers project towards the moving permanent contact 3. The free end 4.2 of the fingers acts as a terminal protection part and is made in the recommended material. The end of each of these fingers is intended to come into mechanical and electrical contact with the moving permanent contact when the circuit breaker is in opening or closing operation phase.
En variante, on peut envisager que les deux contacts permanents de la paire soient équipés de la partie de protection terminale comme sur la figure 1A.  Alternatively, it can be envisaged that the two permanent contacts of the pair are equipped with the terminal protection part as in FIG. 1A.
Le dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant peut ne pas être un disjoncteur, mais être un sectionneur, un interrupteur, un contacteur .  The setting device and / or power failure may not be a circuit breaker, but be a disconnector, a switch, a contactor.
Bien que plusieurs mode de réalisation de la présente invention aient été représentés et décrits de façon détaillée, on comprendra que différents changements et modifications puissent être apportés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it will be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant comportant une paire de contacts permanents (3, 4), l'un au moins des contacts (3, 4) de la paire étant mobile, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un contact permanent (3, 4) de la paire comporte une partie principale (3.1, 4.1) ayant une extrémité libre et une partie de protection terminale (3.2, 4.2) solidaire de l'extrémité libre de la partie principale (3.1, 4.1), la partie de protection terminale (3.2, 4.2) étant destinée à n'être en contact mécanique et électrique avec l'autre contact permanent (4, 3) de la paire de contacts permanents que lors d'une manœuvre d'ouverture ou de fermeture de la paire de contacts permanents, cette partie de protection terminale (3.2, 4.2) étant réalisée dans un unique métal de transition, ce métal de transition ayant une température de fusion strictement supérieure à celle de la partie principale (3.1, 4.1) avec laquelle elle est solidaire, ou dans un oxyde d'un tel métal, ou dans un carbure d'un tel métal, ou bien en oxyde de zinc. 1. Device for establishing and / or breaking the current comprising a pair of permanent contacts (3, 4), at least one of the contacts (3, 4) of the pair being mobile, characterized in that at least a permanent contact (3, 4) of the pair comprises a main part (3.1, 4.1) having a free end and a terminal protection part (3.2, 4.2) integral with the free end of the main part (3.1, 4.1) , the end protection portion (3.2, 4.2) being intended to be in mechanical and electrical contact with the other permanent contact (4, 3) of the pair of permanent contacts only during an opening or closing maneuver. closure of the pair of permanent contacts, this terminal protection part (3.2, 4.2) being made in a single transition metal, this transition metal having a melting temperature strictly greater than that of the main part (3.1, 4.1) with which it is solidary, or in an oxide of such a metal, or in a carbide of such a metal, or in zinc oxide.
2. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la partie principale (3.1, 4.1) est en cuivre, en cuivre allié ou en aluminium éventuellement revêtus d'argent, et le métal de transition est choisi parmi le tungstène, le molybdène, le cobalt, le titane, le zirconium, le chrome, le nickel. 2. Establishment device and / or power cutoff according to claim 1, wherein the main part (3.1, 4.1) is copper, alloy copper or aluminum optionally coated with silver, and the transition metal is selected from tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel.
3. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 ou3. Establishment device and / or power failure according to one of claims 1 or
2, dans lequel la partie de protection terminale (3.2) est un revêtement en surface de l'extrémité libre de la partie principale (3.1). 2, wherein the end protection portion (3.2) is a surface coating of the free end of the main portion (3.1).
4. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le revêtement a une épaisseur comprise entre environ 50 et 300 micromètres. 4. Apparatus for establishing and / or power failure according to claim 3, wherein the coating has a thickness between about 50 and 300 micrometers.
5. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 à5. Device for establishing and / or power failure according to one of claims 1 to
3, dans lequel la partie principale (3.1) est formée de plusieurs éléments (3.10) successifs assemblés entre eux dont un forme l'extrémité libre de la partie principale . 3, in which the main part (3.1) is formed of several successive elements (3.10) assembled together, one of which forms the free end of the main part.
6. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 ou6. Establishment device and / or power failure according to one of claims 1 or
2, dans lequel la partie de protection terminale (3.2) est un embout fixé par vissage ou collage à l'extrémité libre de la partie principale (3.1) . 2, in which the end protection part (3.2) is an end piece fixed by screwing or gluing to the free end of the main part (3.1).
7. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'embout est massif. 7. Device for establishing and / or power failure according to claim 6, wherein the tip is solid.
8. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le contact permanent (3) muni de la partie de protection terminale prend sensiblement la forme d'un cylindre creux. 8. Apparatus for establishing and / or breaking power according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the permanent contact (3) provided with the terminal protection portion substantially takes the form of a hollow cylinder.
9. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 à9. Establishment device and / or power failure according to one of claims 1 to
8, dans lequel le contact permanent (4) muni de la partie de protection terminale (4.2) prend la forme d'une collerette pourvue d'une pluralité de doigts. 8, in which the permanent contact (4) provided with the end protection part (4.2) takes the form of a flange provided with a plurality of fingers.
10. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications 1 à10. Apparatus for establishing and / or breaking power according to one of claims 1 to
9, comportant en plus au moins une paire de contacts d' arc (5, 6) . 9, further comprising at least one pair of arc contacts (5, 6).
11. Dispositif d'établissement et/ou de coupure de courant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif est un disjoncteur, un sectionneur, un interrupteur, un contacteur . 11. Device for establishing and / or power failure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is a circuit breaker, a disconnector, a switch, a contactor.
EP13777286.9A 2012-10-19 2013-10-17 Current connection and/or cut-off device comprising permanent contacts with reduced wear Revoked EP2909849B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1259989A FR2997222B1 (en) 2012-10-19 2012-10-19 DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING AND / OR CUTTING CURRENT WITH PERMANENT CONTACTS WITH REDUCED WEAR
PCT/EP2013/071689 WO2014060498A1 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-10-17 Current connection and/or cut-off device comprising permanent contacts with reduced wear

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EP2909849A1 true EP2909849A1 (en) 2015-08-26
EP2909849B1 EP2909849B1 (en) 2016-12-07

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CN (1) CN104769693B (en)
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IN2015MN00482A (en) 2015-09-04
WO2014060498A1 (en) 2014-04-24
EP2909849B1 (en) 2016-12-07
US10186389B2 (en) 2019-01-22
FR2997222B1 (en) 2015-01-16
US20150340179A1 (en) 2015-11-26
CN104769693A (en) 2015-07-08
CN104769693B (en) 2017-12-26
FR2997222A1 (en) 2014-04-25

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