EP2261940B1 - Coil for a contact of a vacuum switch having an increased mechanical endurance, and related vacuum switch and switchgear, in particular alternator load-break switch - Google Patents

Coil for a contact of a vacuum switch having an increased mechanical endurance, and related vacuum switch and switchgear, in particular alternator load-break switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2261940B1
EP2261940B1 EP10165178A EP10165178A EP2261940B1 EP 2261940 B1 EP2261940 B1 EP 2261940B1 EP 10165178 A EP10165178 A EP 10165178A EP 10165178 A EP10165178 A EP 10165178A EP 2261940 B1 EP2261940 B1 EP 2261940B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
contact
hollow cylinder
longitudinal axis
hollow
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EP10165178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2261940A1 (en
Inventor
Saïd Kantas
Bruno Berthon
Cédric Triaire
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Schneider Electric Energy France SAS
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Schneider Electric Energy France SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49071—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by winding or coiling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medium voltage vacuum switches, commonly called vacuum bulbs or vacuum bulbs.
  • the main application is that in which a vacuum interrupter is used as a break switch in a generator disconnect circuit breaker at the output of the power plants.
  • Vacuum bulbs have been used for many years in medium voltage distribution switchgear to cut short-circuit currents of the order of a few kA, typically 25 kA, in a few kV, typically 36 kV.
  • the vacuum bulbs must also support the permanent current flow, typically of the order of 1250 A, without undergoing excessive heating. Indeed, their location in the distribution network means that such vacuum bulbs are closed position in normal operation of the network and are traversed by the permanent nominal current.
  • the Applicant knows how to make copper-based windings which each consist of a hollow cylinder provided with slits made helically around its longitudinal axis and opening into both the hollow and the outside of the cylinder. .
  • a first solution consisted, for a desired magnetic field value, of reducing the number of slots in order to increase the strength and the mechanical endurance of the winding.
  • the magnetic field generated is affected: with equal outer diameter, the field strength and its homogeneity (its symmetry) on the surface are degraded when the number of turns decreases.
  • the wedges are either of electrically insulating material or of a very high electrical resistivity material with respect to copper.
  • the detachment of these particles can only degrade the dielectric strength of the vacuum bulb.
  • the document JP 2009 032 481 A discloses a rolling arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a copper-based winding design for generating a magnetic field in an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb, which overcomes the disadvantages of the aforementioned solutions.
  • the invention relates to a copper-based winding, with a diameter greater than 90 mm, for generating a magnetic field in an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb, consisting of a hollow cylinder comprising slots made methodically helically around its longitudinal axis and opening into both the hollow and the outside of the cylinder.
  • the space between two consecutive turns which constitutes a slot is devoid of material and the width of each slot is less than 0.2 mm for an outer diameter ⁇ ext of the hollow cylinder greater than 90 mm.
  • the expression "devoid of material” means that no solid element is present in a slot.
  • the magnetic flux (field) generated by a winding according to the invention implanted in a medium-voltage contact is homogeneous, that is to say symmetrical and constant, and of high value.
  • the width of a turn is on average at least 3 mm, typically greater than 4 mm.
  • the invention also relates to a method according to claim 3.
  • Step b / compression of the process can take place cold with a relaxation of the compression also performed cold by natural relaxation of the hollow cylinder.
  • the hollow cylinder is secured to the circular contact plate and to the mechanical connection part by brazing, and during the brazing cycle step b / is carried out.
  • method of producing the winding defined above.
  • the main advantage of this method of realization is that a winding according to the invention is obtained with a slot width of less than 1 mm, without adding time to the duration of a cycle of the method of manufacturing a contact, nor does it increase significantly. the cost of the latter.
  • high temperature compression forming allows compression control and integrates with the already established manufacturing process of vacuum bulbs.
  • the compression (forming) of the copper-based windings according to the invention can be carried out before or during a method of producing a contact in a high-temperature furnace when its various components are soldered together.
  • the height of the winding is thus reduced to a precise value calibrated by means of a support spacer or a standard tooling.
  • the width of the slots obtained may be less than 0.1 mm, which corresponds to a reduction factor of 10 to 12 with respect to winding slot widths according to the state of the art.
  • the operation and performance of the vacuum interrupter are not modified: in fact, at the point (s) of possible contact between two turns, they have substantially the same electrical resistance, they are therefore at the same potential and the current flowing through the vacuum interrupter can not flow from one turn to the other or negligibly.
  • the contact comprises a second winding.
  • the arrangement of such a second arrangement has been the subject of the patent application filed by the applicant under No. FR 09 53849 .
  • This second winding is thus electrically mounted in parallel with the first winding and adapted to generate a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the first winding.
  • the second winding may consist of a winding according to the invention, with a width of each slot less than 1 mm.
  • the second hollow cylinder is then centered on the longitudinal axis Y, arranged concentrically with the first cylinder, having one end secured to the mechanical connection portion and the other end secured to the circular plate, the hollow of the cylinders being devoid of material .
  • the second winding consists of an additional solid part which comprises two cylindrical portions and an annular ring not closed on itself and centered on the two cylindrical portions, each end of the crown not closed on itself being secured by means of an arm to one of the cylindrical portions.
  • the arrangement of this additional piece is such that the two cylindrical portions are centered on the longitudinal axis and the annular ring concentrically arranged at the first winding.
  • One of the cylindrical portions is secured to the mechanical connection part and the other of the cylindrical portions is secured to the circular contact plate.
  • the hollow of the first winding and the space between the annular ring and the solid cylindrical portions are devoid of material.
  • the contact comprises at least one separate column of (s) winding (s) and whose arrangement has been the subject of the patent application filed by the applicant under the No. FR 09 53853 .
  • the small column is thus arranged, in the hollow of the first cylinder, in a spacer between the mechanical connection part and the circular plate of the contact body so as to avoid the collapse of the latter during a closing maneuver and in the position closing of the vacuum bulb, the (the) column (s) having a high electrical resistivity such that when a given current flows in the contact, the amount of current flowing in the (the) column (s) is negligible compared to that which circulates in the winding (s).
  • a pillar may thus be used as a calibration spacer for the hot compression forming of the coil during solder assembly of the complete contact.
  • the mounting can be housed in the first column in the hollow cylinder of the winding and provide a set of calibrated between the column and the contact plate and the mechanical connection portion.
  • the outer diameter of the first winding and the circular plate is between 90 and 150 mm, which is perfectly suitable for an application in which the short-circuit currents to be cut have a value greater than or equal to 63 kA.
  • the invention also relates to a medium voltage vacuum bulb comprising at least one electrical contact described above.
  • the vacuum bulb may comprise a pair of electrical contacts with a fixed contact described above and a movable contact described above.
  • the invention also relates to a circuit breaker, such as an alternator disconnect circuit breaker comprising at least one vacuum interrupter as above.
  • a vacuum interrupter according to the invention may or may not be traversed by the nominal load current and of course by the short-circuit current in the event of a fault.
  • a vacuum interrupter 1 extends along a longitudinal axis Y and essentially comprises a pair of contacts one of which is fixed and the other 3 is movable between an open position (see the part shown in FIG. right) and a closed position (see the part shown on the left) under the action of an operating rod 4.
  • the contacts 2 and 3 are large (diameter> 35mm).
  • the separation of the contacts 2, 3 in a vacuum bulb is usually intended to cut a current arc that may occur in the separation space between these contacts.
  • the arc control means are usually an integral part of the vacuum bulb. They must therefore ensure that the energy density of the arc at the contacts 2, 3 remains below acceptable limits to be able to cut off the current and maintain the transient recovery voltage TTR.
  • Axial Magnetic Field (AMF) arc control One type of known arc control is commonly called Axial Magnetic Field (AMF) arc control.
  • AMF Axial Magnetic Field
  • These AMF axial magnetic field arc control means consist in creating a magnetic field parallel to the longitudinal axis Y of the bulb 1.
  • AMF arc control means are said to prevent contraction of the arc and, consequently, to widen it over an area of the contact surfaces facing each other which is as wide as possible. This normally results in distributing the energy of the arc over a larger area and thus allowing the breaking of the current to the natural zero of the alternating current.
  • effective AMF arc control means require a truly winding-generated magnetic field to be raised and distributed uniformly to efficiently diffuse the arc onto the contact surfaces facing each other. the other.
  • These AMF arc control means are thus constituted by at least one element in the form of a coil or in other words a copper-based winding which is a hollow cylinder 8 arranged as shown in FIG. figure 2 which extends to the periphery of the contact.
  • the hollow 80 of the winding 8 is devoid of material.
  • the hollow cylindrical winding 8 comprises slots 81 made helically around the longitudinal axis Y and opening at the same time on the inside. and on the outside of the cylinder 8. The space between two consecutive slots 81 defines a turn 82.
  • Each contact 2, 3 comprises a mechanical connection portion 20, 30 and a contact body 21, 31 secured to this mechanical connection.
  • the body 21, 31 comprises the winding 8 and an electrode portion 22, 32 in the form of a circular plate.
  • This plate 22 or 32 constitutes the mutual physical contact surface with the other plate 32 or 22 when the contacts are in the closed position.
  • These contact surfaces 22, 32 are the surfaces on which the arc must be diffused as uniformly and as widely as possible.
  • the windings 8 are each secured to both the mechanical connection portion 20 or 30 and to the circular plate 22 or 32.
  • the windings 8 and the electrode portions 22, 32 according to the invention have an outside diameter ⁇ ext of between 90 and 150 mm in applications in which the current to be cut has a value greater than or equal to 63 kA, for example 80 kA or above.
  • Such a particularly targeted application is that in which the vacuum interrupter is used as an alternator disconnect circuit breaker at the output of a power plant.
  • This second winding 9 or 10 is thus electrically mounted in parallel with the first winding 8 and adapted to generate a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the first cylinder 8.
  • FIG. figure 2 An embodiment of a second winding is that illustrated in FIG. figure 2 .
  • This second hollow cylinder 9 comprises slits 91 made helically around its axis and opening at the same time on the inside and the outside of the cylinder.
  • This second hollow cylinder 9 is centered on the longitudinal axis Y, arranged concentrically with the first cylinder 8, having one end secured to the mechanical connection portion and the other end secured to the circular plate 22.
  • the troughs 80, 90 of the cylinders are devoid of material.
  • the second hollow cylinder 9 is in fact homothetic of the first hollow cylinder 8.
  • the two windings 8 and 9 are electrically connected in parallel: thus the two cylinders are secured to the connection base 20 and the electrode plate 22. It is the same for the windings (not shown) of the contact 3 screwed to contact 2.
  • winding 8 at the periphery and the winding 9 at the center of the contact 2 constitute electrical resistances in parallel, they make it possible to have a given percentage of current passing through the one 8 and the other 9.
  • FIG. figure 3 Another embodiment of a second winding 10 is illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the second winding consists of a full additional part 10 which comprises two cylindrical portions 100a, 100b and an annular ring 102 not closed on itself and centered on two cylindrical portions 100a, 100b.
  • Each end of the ring 102 not closed on itself is secured by means of an arm 101, 103 to one of the cylindrical portions 100a, 100b.
  • the distance provided between the two ends of the annular ring is minimal and thus has no influence on the value of the magnetic field created by the second winding 10.
  • this additional piece 10 is such that the two full cylindrical portions 100a and 100b are centered on the longitudinal axis Y and its annular ring 102 concentric with the first cylinder 8.
  • the solid cylindrical portion 100b is secured to the mechanical connection portion 20.
  • the cylindrical portion 100b is secured to the circular contact plate 22.
  • the hollow 80 of the first cylinder 8 and the space between the annular ring 102 and the cylindrical portions 100a and 100b are devoid of material.
  • the arm 103 which secures the end 1020 of the ring 102 to the cylindrical portion 100b is below the arm 101 which secures the other end 1021 of the ring 102 to the cylindrical portion 100a.
  • the inventors have thought to reduce the width of the slots 81 of a copper-based winding 8 manufactured according to current techniques ( Figure 4A ) so that once implanted in a contact according to the invention, the winding has slots 81 of final width lf reduced to the nearest millimeter ( Figure 4B ).
  • the hollow cylinder constituting the copper-based winding 8 is usually manufactured using saw mills spread on the order of 1 to 1.2 mm which thus give an initial width li of this same order of magnitude to the slots 81 ( Figure 4A ).
  • Each turn 82 defined between two consecutive slots 81 has an average width L of the order of 4 mm.
  • this slit width 81 li was the source of the problematic of the invention: large slits of the order of 1 to 1.2 mm have the effect of weakening the winding during its handling, reducing the mechanical endurance of the contact that is provided and generate a magnetic field not necessarily high and sometimes asymmetrical.
  • the figure 4C is an example of schematic representation in cross-sectional view of a winding 8 according to the invention, the section being projected in the same plane.
  • the slot portions 81 are uniformly distributed over the diameter of the winding 8 (12 in number) and all of the same size.
  • the angular length of a slot 81 is ⁇ of the order of equal to 115 °.
  • FIGS. Figures 5A and 5B A method of cold-forming a copper-based winding according to the invention is shown in FIGS. Figures 5A and 5B .
  • the compression of a winding 8 of first height h1 and comprising slits of width li of the order of 1 mm to 1.2 mm is formed by pressing between two support plates 11a, 11b with a force Fc determined according to the coefficient of compressive strength of the copper constituting the winding. The compression is carried out until the top plate 11b bears against spacers 12 of calibrated height h2. After natural relaxation of the winding 8 over a distance r, the winding takes a final height h3.
  • FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B A hot-forming method of a copper-based winding according to the invention is shown in FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B .
  • the hollow cylinder 8 is secured to the circular contact plate 22 and to the mechanical connection part 20 by soldering, and during the brazing cycle is carried out a compression of the winding 8.
  • these columns 7a, 7b and 7c are used to serve as calibrated spacers.
  • That of the top 11b is surmounted by a suitable mass M 13, typically between 2 kg and 5 kg.
  • the brazing cycle of the parts 20 and 22 to the winding 8 then continues with the brazing operation itself.
  • the final width lf of the slots 81 is reached and typically of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 mm ( Figure 6B ).
  • the difference ⁇ hc height of the contact 2 between its establishment in the soldering furnace ( Figure 6A ) and its output ( Figure 6B ) is between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.
  • FIG. 7 To the figure 7 is shown a contact 2 made by the hot method with the posts 7a, 7b, 7c and further comprising a second winding consisting of the solid part 10 described above with reference to the figure 3 .
  • three identical columns 7a, 7b, 7c have been implanted as spacers in the contact body 22. More exactly, these three columns 7a, 7b, 7c are located on the same circumference at 120 ° one of the other and inside the annular ring 102, that is to say between the cylindrical portions 100a and 100b and the annular ring 102.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The winding has a hollow cylinder comprising slots (81) formed in a helical manner around a longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The slots are opened inside and outside the cylinder. Space between two consecutive turns (82) of each slot is not provided with material. Width of each slot is lower than 0.2 mm for an outer diameter of the cylinder higher than 90 mm. Each turn has an average width (L) higher than 4 mm. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for forming a copper based winding that generates a magnetic field in an electrical contact of a medium voltage vacuum bulb (2) a method for forming an electrical contact of a medium voltage vacuum bulb (3) an electrical contact of a medium voltage vacuum bulb, comprising a contact body.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne le domaine des interrupteurs à vide à moyenne tension, couramment appelés ampoules à vide ou encore ampoules sous vide.The invention relates to the field of medium voltage vacuum switches, commonly called vacuum bulbs or vacuum bulbs.

Elle a trait plus particulièrement à l'amélioration de l'endurance de telles ampoules à vide.It relates more particularly to improving the endurance of such vacuum bulbs.

L'application principale est celle dans laquelle une ampoule à vide est utilisée en tant qu'interrupteur de coupure dans un disjoncteur sectionneur d'alternateurs à la sortie des centrales de production d'énergie.The main application is that in which a vacuum interrupter is used as a break switch in a generator disconnect circuit breaker at the output of the power plants.

ART ANTÉRIEURPRIOR ART

Les ampoules à vide sont utilisées depuis de très nombreuses années dans les appareillages électriques de distribution à moyenne tension pour couper des courants de court-circuit de l'ordre de quelques kA, typiquement 25 kA, en quelques kV, typiquement 36 kV. Dans ce type d'appareillage de distribution, les ampoules à vide doivent en outre supporter le passage de courant permanent, typiquement de l'ordre de 1250 A, sans subir un échauffement excessif. En effet, leur implantation dans le réseau de distribution fait que de telles ampoules à vide sont en position fermée en fonctionnement normal du réseau et sont traversées par le courant nominal permanent.Vacuum bulbs have been used for many years in medium voltage distribution switchgear to cut short-circuit currents of the order of a few kA, typically 25 kA, in a few kV, typically 36 kV. In this type of distribution apparatus, the vacuum bulbs must also support the permanent current flow, typically of the order of 1250 A, without undergoing excessive heating. Indeed, their location in the distribution network means that such vacuum bulbs are closed position in normal operation of the network and are traversed by the permanent nominal current.

Il est connu que pour couper ces courants de court-circuit, il est nécessaire de concevoir les contacts d'arc de telle sorte qu'à leur extrémité en regard l'une de l'autre, des flux magnétiques intenses axiaux (usuellement dénommés AMF, abréviation d'«Axial Magnetic Flux » en anglais) ou radiaux (usuellement dénommés RMF, abréviation de « Radial Magnetic Flux » en anglais) soient générés afin de réaliser l'extinction de l'arc lors de la séparation mutuelle des contacts.It is known that, in order to cut off these short-circuit currents, it is necessary to design the arcing contacts so that at their end facing each other, axial intense magnetic fluxes (usually called AMF , abbreviation of "Axial Magnetic Flux" in English) or radial (usually called RMF, abbreviation of "Radial Magnetic Flux" in English) are generated in order to realize the extinction of the arc during the mutual separation of the contacts.

Plus les courants de court-circuit sont élevés plus les flux magnétiques générés doivent l'être également avec une répartition optimale entre contacts, aussi uniformément que possible sur leur surface, pour obtenir une coupure effective d'arc.The higher the short-circuit currents, the higher the magnetic fluxes generated must also be with optimal distribution between contacts, as uniformly as possible on their surface, to obtain an effective arc cut.

Pour obtenir ces flux ou champs magnétiques (AMF ou RMF) il est connu d'implanter en tant que constituant du corps des contacts d'arc, un enroulement à base de cuivre.To obtain these fluxes or magnetic fields (AMF or RMF) it is known to implant as constituent of the body of the arc contacts, a winding based on copper.

Ainsi, par exemple, la demanderesse sait réaliser des enroulements à base de cuivre qui sont constitués chacun d'un cylindre creux muni de fentes réalisées en hélice autour de son axe longitudinal et débouchant à la fois dans le creux et à l'extérieur du cylindre.Thus, for example, the Applicant knows how to make copper-based windings which each consist of a hollow cylinder provided with slits made helically around its longitudinal axis and opening into both the hollow and the outside of the cylinder. .

Or, pour pouvoir couper des courants très élevés, tels que ceux rencontrés dans les disjoncteurs sectionneurs d'alternateur, en particulier à la sortie de centrales de production d'énergie, la demanderesse a été soumis à une obligation d'augmentation du diamètre des contacts (contacts dits de grand diamètre supérieur à 35 mm) et donc des diamètres des enroulements qui engendrent les champs magnétiques.However, to be able to cut very high currents, such as those encountered in alternator disconnecting circuit breakers, in particular at the output of power generation plants, the applicant has has been subjected to an obligation to increase the diameter of the contacts (so-called large diameter contacts greater than 35 mm) and therefore the diameters of the windings that generate the magnetic fields.

La demanderesse est ainsi parti du constat qu'il n'est pas envisageable de réaliser avec les technologies existantes de grands diamètres de cylindre creux à base de cuivre muni de fentes, typiquement compris entre 90 mm et 150 mm, pour parvenir aux champs magnétiques souhaités. En effet, les machines d'usinage avec fraises scie actuellement utilisées pour la fabrication des enroulements ne permettent de réaliser des fentes d'une largeur au minimum égale à 1 mm.The Applicant has therefore proceeded from the observation that it is not conceivable to achieve with existing technologies large diameters of copper-based hollow cylinder provided with slots, typically between 90 mm and 150 mm, to achieve the desired magnetic fields . Indeed, the saw milling machines currently used for the manufacture of windings do not allow to make slots with a width of at least 1 mm.

Or, avec de telles fentes, il s'avère que les inconvénients des cylindres creux de grand diamètre et des contacts d'ampoule à vide les incorporant sont nombreux :

  • tout d'abord, étant intrinsèquement plus fragiles, leur manipulation durant la fabrication des contacts, le transport ou le stockage est plus délicate: cela peut conduire à leur déformation et/ou causer une variation non désirée de leur hauteur,
  • la largeur des fentes, (espace entre deux spires consécutives), de l'ordre du mm ou plus permet un mouvement des spires trop important dans le sens longitudinal, lors des cycles ouverture/fermeture. Ceci conduit à baisser la performance d'endurance mécanique des contacts de grand diamètre d'une ampoule à vide ce qui est incompatible avec les standards ANSI ou CEI,
  • enfin, les champs magnétiques qui doivent être générés effectivement pour la coupure d'un arc s'avèrent insuffisants pour des enroulements de grand diamètre.
However, with such slots, it turns out that the disadvantages of large diameter hollow cylinders and vacuum bulb contacts incorporating them are numerous:
  • firstly, being inherently more fragile, their manipulation during the manufacture of contacts, transport or storage is more delicate: this can lead to their deformation and / or cause an unwanted variation in their height,
  • the width of the slots, (space between two consecutive turns), of the order of mm or more allows a movement of turns too large in the longitudinal direction, during opening / closing cycles. This leads to lowering the mechanical endurance performance of large diameter contacts of a vacuum interrupter which is incompatible with ANSI or IEC standards,
  • finally, the magnetic fields that must be generated effectively for cutting an arc are insufficient for large diameter windings.

Pour pallier ces inconvénients, la demanderesse a évalué et testé essentiellement deux solutions.To overcome these drawbacks, the applicant has evaluated and tested essentially two solutions.

Une première solution a consisté, pour une valeur de champ magnétique désirée, à réduire le nombre de fentes en vue d'augmenter la tenue et l'endurance mécanique de l'enroulement.A first solution consisted, for a desired magnetic field value, of reducing the number of slots in order to increase the strength and the mechanical endurance of the winding.

Cette solution s'est avérée non souhaitable car réduire le nombre de fentes revient à réduire le nombre de spires définies individuellement entre deux fentes consécutives.This solution has proved undesirable because reducing the number of slots amounts to reducing the number of individually defined turns between two consecutive slots.

Le champ magnétique engendré s'en trouve affecté: à diamètre externe égal, la valeur du champ et son homogénéité (sa symétrie) en surface se dégradent lorsque le nombre de spires diminue.The magnetic field generated is affected: with equal outer diameter, the field strength and its homogeneity (its symmetry) on the surface are degraded when the number of turns decreases.

Une deuxième solution a consisté à placer des cales dans les fentes afin de combler en quelque sorte les jeux inhérents à ces fentes.A second solution was to place wedges in the slots to fill somehow the games inherent in these slots.

Les cales sont soit en matière isolante électriquement soit en un matériau de résistivité électrique très élevée par rapport au cuivre.The wedges are either of electrically insulating material or of a very high electrical resistivity material with respect to copper.

L'ajout de ces cales conduit impérativement à une augmentation du coût de fabrication du contact.The addition of these wedges necessarily leads to an increase in the cost of manufacturing the contact.

En outre, avec des cales en matière isolante électriquement, il subsiste un grand risque de détachement des particules de cette matière lors des manoeuvres de l'ampoule à vide.In addition, with shims electrically insulating material, there remains a great risk of detachment of the particles of this material during maneuvers of the vacuum bulb.

Le détachement de ces particules ne peut que dégrader la tenue diélectrique de l'ampoule à vide. Le document JP 2009 032 481 A décrit un eroulement selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Le but de l'invention est de proposer une conception d'enroulement à base de cuivre, destiné à engendrer un champ magnétique dans un contact électrique pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension, qui pallie les inconvénients des solutions précitées.The detachment of these particles can only degrade the dielectric strength of the vacuum bulb. The document JP 2009 032 481 A discloses a rolling arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1. The object of the invention is to provide a copper-based winding design for generating a magnetic field in an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb, which overcomes the disadvantages of the aforementioned solutions.

Un but particulier de l'invention est donc de proposer un enroulement à base de cuivre qui permette à la fois :

  • d'augmenter l'endurance mécanique d'un contact de grande taille, typiquement compris entre 90 mm et 150 mm, qui l'incorpore,
  • d'engendrer un champ magnétique de valeur élevée et sans détériorer l'uniformité du champ magnétique à la surface de contact,
  • de s'affranchir des risques de déformation et/ou de variation de hauteur lors de sa manipulation.
A particular object of the invention is therefore to propose a copper-based winding that allows both:
  • to increase the mechanical endurance of a large contact, typically between 90 mm and 150 mm, which incorporates it,
  • to generate a magnetic field of high value and without deteriorating the uniformity of the magnetic field at the contact surface,
  • to overcome the risk of deformation and / or height variation during handling.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un enroulement à base de cuivre, de diamètre supérieur à 90 mm, destiné à engendrer un champ magnétique dans un contact électrique pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension, constitué d'un cylindre creux comprenant des fentes réalisées de manière méthodique en hélice autour de son axe longitudinal et débouchant à la fois dans le creux et à l'extérieur du cylindre.To do this, the invention relates to a copper-based winding, with a diameter greater than 90 mm, for generating a magnetic field in an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb, consisting of a hollow cylinder comprising slots made methodically helically around its longitudinal axis and opening into both the hollow and the outside of the cylinder.

Selon l'invention, l'espace entre deux spires consécutives qui constitue une fente est dépourvu de matériau et la largeur de chaque fente est inférieure à 0.2 mm pour un diamètre externe Øext du cylindre creux supérieur à 90 mm.According to the invention, the space between two consecutive turns which constitutes a slot is devoid of material and the width of each slot is less than 0.2 mm for an outer diameter Øext of the hollow cylinder greater than 90 mm.

Dans le cadre de l'invention, l'expression « dépourvu de matériau » signifie qu'aucun élément solide n'est présent dans une fente.In the context of the invention, the expression "devoid of material" means that no solid element is present in a slot.

En réalisant de manière méthodique des fentes de largeur unitaire inférieure à 0.2 mm pour un diamètre externe du cylindre creux supérieur à 90 mm, on augmente l'endurance mécanique d'une ampoule à vide qui comprend deux enroulements selon l'invention (un enroulement par contact) d'un facteur au moins égal à 10 par rapport à une ampoule à vide selon l'état de l'art.By methodically producing slits with a unit width of less than 0.2 mm for an outer diameter of the hollow cylinder greater than 90 mm, the mechanical endurance of a vacuum interrupter comprising two windings according to the invention (a winding by contact) by a factor of at least 10 compared to a vacuum interrupter according to the state of the art.

On respecte ainsi les standards ANSI ou CEI en vigueur pour les ampoules à vide moyenne tension. En effet, les largeurs de fente réduites en dessous du millimètre évitent la rupture des spires lors des cycles ouverture/fermeture qui provoquent des chocs très importants.This complies with current ANSI or IEC standards for medium voltage vacuum bulbs. Indeed, the slit widths reduced below the millimeter prevent breakage of the turns during opening / closing cycles which cause very large shocks.

La manipulation et le stockage des enroulements selon l'invention sont en outre plus aisés que ceux de l'état de l'art.Handling and storage of the windings according to the invention are also easier than those of the state of the art.

Le flux (champ) magnétique engendré par une enroulement selon l'invention implanté dans un contact à moyenne tension est homogène, c'est-à-dire symétrique et constant, et de valeur élevée.The magnetic flux (field) generated by a winding according to the invention implanted in a medium-voltage contact is homogeneous, that is to say symmetrical and constant, and of high value.

De préférence également, la largeur d'une spire est en moyenne d'au moins 3 mm, typiquement supérieure à 4 mm.Also preferably, the width of a turn is on average at least 3 mm, typically greater than 4 mm.

L'invention concerne également un procédé selon la revendication 3.The invention also relates to a method according to claim 3.

L'étape b/ de compression du procédé peut avoir lieu à froid avec un relâchement de la compression réalisé également à froid par relaxation naturelle du cylindre creux.Step b / compression of the process can take place cold with a relaxation of the compression also performed cold by natural relaxation of the hollow cylinder.

On peut également avantageusement réaliser l'étape b/ de compression « à chaud » lors de la réalisation d'un contact électrique pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension.It is also advantageous to carry out the b / "hot" compression step when making an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb.

Un tel contact s'étend selon un axe longitudinal Y et comprenant :

  • une partie de connexion mécanique qui s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal Y,
  • un corps de contact comprenant un enroulement consistant un cylindre creux qui comprend des fentes réalisées en hélice autour de son axe et débouchant à la fois dans le creux et à l'extérieur du cylindre, l'espace entre deux spires consécutives qui constitue une fente est dépourvu de matériau et la largeur de chaque fente est inférieure à 1 mm, le premier cylindre creux étant centré sur l'axe longitudinal Y en ayant une extrémité solidarisée à la partie de connexion mécanique, le creux du premier cylindre étant dépourvu de matériau,
  • une plaque circulaire de contact de même diamètre que celui extérieur du premier cylindre creux, ladite plaque étant également centrée sur l'axe longitudinal Y et solidarisée à l'extrémité du premier cylindre creux opposée à celle solidarisée à la partie de connexion mécanique.
Such contact extends along a longitudinal axis Y and comprising:
  • a mechanical connection part which extends along the longitudinal axis Y,
  • a contact body comprising a winding consisting of a hollow cylinder which comprises slots made helically about its axis and opening into both the recess and the outside of the cylinder, the space between two consecutive turns constituting a slot is devoid of material and the width of each slot is less than 1 mm, the first hollow cylinder being centered on the longitudinal axis Y having an end secured to the mechanical connection portion, the hollow of the first cylinder being free of material,
  • a circular contact plate of the same diameter as the outside of the first hollow cylinder, said plate also being centered on the longitudinal axis Y and secured to the end of the first hollow cylinder opposite to that secured to the mechanical connection portion.

Dans le procédé de réalisation du contact selon l'invention, on réalise la solidarisation du cylindre creux à la plaque circulaire de contact et à la partie de connexion mécanique par brasage, et au cours du cycle de brasage on réalise l'étape b/ du procédé de réalisation de l'enroulement défini précédemment.In the method for producing the contact according to the invention, the hollow cylinder is secured to the circular contact plate and to the mechanical connection part by brazing, and during the brazing cycle step b / is carried out. method of producing the winding defined above.

En d'autres termes, on met à profit le procédé de brasage des différents composants d'un contact pour réaliser la compression, autrement dit le formage, contrôlée de l'enroulement.In other words, the brazing process of the various components of a contact to achieve the compression, in other words the forming, controlled winding.

On met ainsi en oeuvre des moyens au sein du four de brasage qui permettent à la fois le contrôle de la déformation de l'enroulement et de sa hauteur.In this way, means are used in the brazing furnace that allow both the control of the deformation of the winding and its height.

L'avantage primordial de ce procédé de réalisation est qu'on obtient un enroulement selon l'invention à largeur de fente inférieure au mm, sans ajouter de temps à la durée d'un cycle du procédé de fabrication d'un contact ni augmenter notoirement le coût de ce dernier.The main advantage of this method of realization is that a winding according to the invention is obtained with a slot width of less than 1 mm, without adding time to the duration of a cycle of the method of manufacturing a contact, nor does it increase significantly. the cost of the latter.

Autrement exprimé, le formage par compression à haute température permet un contrôle de la compression et s'intègre au processus de fabrication déjà établi des ampoules à vide.Otherwise expressed, high temperature compression forming allows compression control and integrates with the already established manufacturing process of vacuum bulbs.

Ainsi, la compression (formage) des enroulements à base de cuivre selon l'invention peut être réalisée avant ou lors d'un procédé de réalisation d'un contact dans un four de à haute température lorsque ses différents composants sont brasés ensemble. La hauteur de l'enroulement est ainsi réduite à une valeur précise calibrée au moyen d'une entretoise support ou d'un outillage standard.Thus, the compression (forming) of the copper-based windings according to the invention can be carried out before or during a method of producing a contact in a high-temperature furnace when its various components are soldered together. The height of the winding is thus reduced to a precise value calibrated by means of a support spacer or a standard tooling.

Typiquement, lors du formage par compression de l'enroulement, celui-ci perd 10 à 20% de sa hauteur initiale. La largeur des fentes obtenue peut aller en dessous de 0.1 mm, ce qui correspond à un facteur de réduction de 10 à 12 par rapport à des largeurs de fente d'enroulement selon l'état de l'art.Typically, during the compression forming of the winding, it loses 10 to 20% of its initial height. The width of the slots obtained may be less than 0.1 mm, which corresponds to a reduction factor of 10 to 12 with respect to winding slot widths according to the state of the art.

L'homme de l'art comprendra que malgré toutes les précautions prises lors de la fabrication, il est possible qu'après compression deux spires adjacentes peuvent se toucher en quelques points, c'est-à-dire que la largeur de la fente les séparant peut le cas échéant être nulle en quelques points.Those skilled in the art will understand that despite all the precautions taken during manufacture, it is possible that after compression two adjacent turns can be touched at a few points, that is to say that the width of the slot separating them can, if necessary, be zero at a few points.

Le fonctionnement et les performances de l'ampoule à vide ne se trouvent pas pour autant modifiées: en effet, au(x) point(s) de contact éventuels entre deux spires, celles-ci ont sensiblement la même résistance électrique, elles sont donc au même potentiel et le courant traversant l'ampoule à vide ne peut circuler d'une spire à l'autre ou sinon de manière négligeable.The operation and performance of the vacuum interrupter are not modified: in fact, at the point (s) of possible contact between two turns, they have substantially the same electrical resistance, they are therefore at the same potential and the current flowing through the vacuum interrupter can not flow from one turn to the other or negligibly.

Des tests de validation ont prouvé l'efficacité de la compression de l'enroulement selon l'invention, c'est-à-dire l'obtention d'un jeu calibré entre deux spires adjacentes inférieur au mm à l'exception près de rares points de contact éventuels.Validation tests have proved the effectiveness of the compression of the winding according to the invention, that is to say obtaining a calibrated clearance between two adjacent turns less than mm with the exception of rare possible contact points.

L'invention concerne également un contact électrique pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal Y et comprenant :

  • une partie de connexion mécanique qui s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal Y,
  • un corps de contact comprenant :
    • un premier enroulement tel que décrit précédemment,
    • une plaque circulaire de même diamètre que celui extérieur du premier cylindre creux, ladite plaque étant également centrée sur l'axe longitudinal Y et solidarisée à l'extrémité du premier cylindre creux opposée à celle solidarisée à la partie de connexion mécanique.
The invention also relates to an electrical contact for a medium voltage vacuum bulb extending along a longitudinal axis Y and comprising:
  • a mechanical connection part which extends along the longitudinal axis Y,
  • a contact body comprising:
    • a first winding as described above,
    • a circular plate of the same diameter as the outside of the first hollow cylinder, said plate also being centered on the longitudinal axis Y and secured to the end of the first hollow cylinder opposite to that secured to the mechanical connection portion.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le contact comprend un deuxième enroulement. L'agencement d'un tel deuxième agencement a fait l'objet de la demande de brevet déposée par la demanderesse sous le N° FR 09 53849 . Ce deuxième enroulement est ainsi monté électriquement en parallèle avec le premier enroulement et adapté pour engendrer un champ magnétique qui se superpose au champ magnétique engendré par le premier enroulement.According to an advantageous embodiment, the contact comprises a second winding. The arrangement of such a second arrangement has been the subject of the patent application filed by the applicant under No. FR 09 53849 . This second winding is thus electrically mounted in parallel with the first winding and adapted to generate a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the first winding.

Selon une première variante, le deuxième enroulement peut être constitué par un enroulement selon l'invention, avec une largeur de chaque fente inférieure au mm.According to a first variant, the second winding may consist of a winding according to the invention, with a width of each slot less than 1 mm.

Le deuxième cylindre creux est alors centré sur l'axe longitudinal Y, agencé concentriquement au premier cylindre, en ayant une extrémité solidarisée à la partie de connexion mécanique et l'autre extrémité solidarisée à la plaque circulaire, les creux des cylindres étant dépourvus de matériau.The second hollow cylinder is then centered on the longitudinal axis Y, arranged concentrically with the first cylinder, having one end secured to the mechanical connection portion and the other end secured to the circular plate, the hollow of the cylinders being devoid of material .

Selon une autre variante, le deuxième enroulement est constitué d'une pièce supplémentaire pleine qui comprend deux portions cylindriques et une couronne annulaire non fermée sur elle-même et centrée sur les deux portions cylindriques, chaque extrémité de la couronne non fermée sur elle-même étant solidarisée par l'intermédiaire d'un bras à l'une des portions cylindrique. L'agencement de cette pièce supplémentaire est tel que les deux portions cylindriques sont centrées sur l'axe longitudinal et la couronne annulaire agencée concentriquement au premier enroulement. L'une des portions cylindriques est solidarisée à la partie connexion mécanique et l'autre des portions cylindriques est solidarisée à la plaque circulaire de contact.According to another variant, the second winding consists of an additional solid part which comprises two cylindrical portions and an annular ring not closed on itself and centered on the two cylindrical portions, each end of the crown not closed on itself being secured by means of an arm to one of the cylindrical portions. The arrangement of this additional piece is such that the two cylindrical portions are centered on the longitudinal axis and the annular ring concentrically arranged at the first winding. One of the cylindrical portions is secured to the mechanical connection part and the other of the cylindrical portions is secured to the circular contact plate.

Le creux du premier enroulement et l'espace entre la couronne annulaire et les portions cylindriques pleines sont dépourvus de matériau.The hollow of the first winding and the space between the annular ring and the solid cylindrical portions are devoid of material.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le contact comprend au moins une colonnette distincte de(s) l'enroulement(s) et dont l'agencement a fait l'objet de la demande de brevet déposée par la demanderesse sous le N° FR 09 53853 . La colonnette est ainsi agencée, dans le creux du premier cylindre, en entretoise entre la partie de connexion mécanique et la plaque circulaire du corps de contact de manière à éviter l'effondrement de cette dernière lors d'une manoeuvre de fermeture et dans la position de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide, la(les) colonnette(s) ayant une forte résistivité électrique telle que lorsqu'un courant donné circule dans le contact, la quantité de courant qui circule dans la(les) colonnette(s) est négligeable par rapport à celle qui circule dans l'(les) enroulement(s).According to an advantageous embodiment, the contact comprises at least one separate column of (s) winding (s) and whose arrangement has been the subject of the patent application filed by the applicant under the No. FR 09 53853 . The small column is thus arranged, in the hollow of the first cylinder, in a spacer between the mechanical connection part and the circular plate of the contact body so as to avoid the collapse of the latter during a closing maneuver and in the position closing of the vacuum bulb, the (the) column (s) having a high electrical resistivity such that when a given current flows in the contact, the amount of current flowing in the (the) column (s) is negligible compared to that which circulates in the winding (s).

Une colonnette peut ainsi être utilisée en tant qu'entretoise de calibrage pour le formage de compression à chaud de l'enroulement lors de l'assemblage par brasage du contact complet. En d'autres termes, au montage on peut loger dans un premier temps la colonnette dans le creux du cylindre de l'enroulement et prévoir un jeu calibré entre la colonnette et la plaque de contact et la partie de connexion mécanique.A pillar may thus be used as a calibration spacer for the hot compression forming of the coil during solder assembly of the complete contact. In other words, the mounting can be housed in the first column in the hollow cylinder of the winding and provide a set of calibrated between the column and the contact plate and the mechanical connection portion.

La compression de part et d'autre de la plaque de contact et de la partie de connexion mécanique est alors limitée par la hauteur précise de la colonnette qui correspond à une hauteur d'enroulement avec des fentes de largeur inférieure au mm.Compression on both sides of the contact plate and the mechanical connection part is then limited by the precise height of the column which corresponds to a winding height with slots of width less than mm.

Le diamètre extérieur du premier enroulement et de la plaque circulaire est compris entre 90 et 150 mm, ce qui convient parfaitement pour une application dans laquelle les courants de court-circuit à couper ont une valeur supérieure ou égale à 63kA.The outer diameter of the first winding and the circular plate is between 90 and 150 mm, which is perfectly suitable for an application in which the short-circuit currents to be cut have a value greater than or equal to 63 kA.

L'invention concerne également une ampoule à vide à moyenne tension comprenant au moins un contact électrique décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a medium voltage vacuum bulb comprising at least one electrical contact described above.

L'ampoule à vide peut comprendre une paire de contacts électriques avec un contact fixe décrit précédemment et un contact mobile décrit précédemment.The vacuum bulb may comprise a pair of electrical contacts with a fixed contact described above and a movable contact described above.

L'invention concerne également un disjoncteur, tel qu'un disjoncteur sectionneur d'alternateur comprenant au moins une ampoule à vide comme ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a circuit breaker, such as an alternator disconnect circuit breaker comprising at least one vacuum interrupter as above.

En fonction de l'application, une ampoule à vide selon l'invention pourra ou non être traversée par le courant nominal de charge et bien sûr par le courant de court-circuit en cas de défaut.Depending on the application, a vacuum interrupter according to the invention may or may not be traversed by the nominal load current and of course by the short-circuit current in the event of a fault.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée faite à titre illustratif et non limitatif en référence aux figures suivantes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale partielle d'une ampoule à vide moyenne tension conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective et en coupe partielle réalisée au niveau d'un contact selon un mode de réalisation comprenant un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale réalisée au niveau d'un contact selon un autre mode de réalisation comprenant un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention,
  • les figures 4A et 4B sont des vues de côté d'un enroulement à base de cuivre respectivement avant et après réalisation du procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 4C est une vue en coupe transversale réalisée au niveau d'un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention et projetée dans un plan,
  • les figures 5A et 5B illustrent deux étapes de fabrication d'un procédé de fabrication à froid d'un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention,
  • les figures 6A et 6B illustrent deux étapes de fabrication d'un procédé de fabrication à chaud d'un contact comprenant l'enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective et coupe partielle réalisée au niveau d'un contact selon encore un autre mode de réalisation comprenant un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention,
  • les figures 7A et 7B illustrent deux étapes de fabrication d'un procédé de fabrication du contact selon la figure 7.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed description given by way of nonlimiting illustration with reference to the following figures among which:
  • the figure 1 is a partial vertical sectional view of a medium voltage vacuum bulb according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view in partial section made at a contact according to an embodiment comprising a copper-based winding according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view taken at a contact according to another embodiment comprising a copper-based winding according to the invention,
  • the Figures 4A and 4B are side views of a copper-based winding respectively before and after completion of the method according to the invention,
  • the figure 4C is a cross-sectional view taken at the level of a copper-based winding according to the invention and projected in a plane,
  • the Figures 5A and 5B illustrate two steps of manufacturing a cold-making process of a copper-based winding according to the invention,
  • the Figures 6A and 6B illustrate two steps of manufacturing a hot-manufacturing method of a contact comprising the copper-based winding according to the invention,
  • the figure 7 is a perspective view and partial section made at a contact according to yet another embodiment comprising a copper-based winding according to the invention,
  • the Figures 7A and 7B illustrate two steps of manufacturing a contact manufacturing process according to the figure 7 .

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Telle que représentée en figure 1, une ampoule à vide 1 conforme à l'invention s'étend selon un axe longitudinal Y et comprend essentiellement une paire de contacts dont l'un 2 est fixe et l'autre 3 est mobile entre une position ouverte (voir la partie représentée à droite) et une position fermée (voir la partie représentée à gauche) sous l'action d'une tige de manoeuvre 4. Les contacts 2 et 3 sont de grande taille (diamètre > 35mm).As represented in figure 1 , a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention extends along a longitudinal axis Y and essentially comprises a pair of contacts one of which is fixed and the other 3 is movable between an open position (see the part shown in FIG. right) and a closed position (see the part shown on the left) under the action of an operating rod 4. The contacts 2 and 3 are large (diameter> 35mm).

La séparation des contacts 2, 3 dans une ampoule à vide a usuellement pour but de couper un arc de courant susceptible de se produire dans l'espace 5 de séparation entre ces contacts.The separation of the contacts 2, 3 in a vacuum bulb is usually intended to cut a current arc that may occur in the separation space between these contacts.

Quelle que soit la position fermée ou ouverte des contacts 2, 3, ceux-ci sont agencés dans un écran 6 lui-même à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 7 de l'ampoule à l'intérieur de laquelle le vide règne.Whatever the closed or open position of the contacts 2, 3, they are arranged in a screen 6 itself inside the envelope 7 of the bulb inside which the vacuum prevails.

La coupure de courants alternatifs de valeur élevée nécessite un contrôle de l'arc qui se crée.Cutting high AC currents requires control of the arc that is created.

Les moyens de contrôle de l'arc sont usuellement partie intégrante de l'ampoule à vide. Ils doivent donc assurer que la densité d'énergie de l'arc au niveau des contacts 2, 3 reste en dessous de limites acceptables pour pouvoir couper le courant et tenir la tension transitoire de rétablissement TTR.The arc control means are usually an integral part of the vacuum bulb. They must therefore ensure that the energy density of the arc at the contacts 2, 3 remains below acceptable limits to be able to cut off the current and maintain the transient recovery voltage TTR.

Un type de contrôle d'arc connu est couramment appelé contrôle d'arc par champ magnétique axial (en anglais Axial Magnetic Field AMF).One type of known arc control is commonly called Axial Magnetic Field (AMF) arc control.

Ces moyens de contrôle d'arc par champ magnétique axial AMF consistent à créer un champ magnétique parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal Y de l'ampoule 1.These AMF axial magnetic field arc control means consist in creating a magnetic field parallel to the longitudinal axis Y of the bulb 1.

Ces moyens de contrôle d'arc AMF sont supposés empêcher une contraction de l'arc et, en conséquence l'élargir sur une zone des surfaces des contacts en regard l'un de l'autre qui est la plus large possible. Cela a normalement pour résultat de distribuer l'énergie de l'arc sur une surface plus grande et donc permettre la coupure du courant au zéro naturel du courant alternatif.These AMF arc control means are said to prevent contraction of the arc and, consequently, to widen it over an area of the contact surfaces facing each other which is as wide as possible. This normally results in distributing the energy of the arc over a larger area and thus allowing the breaking of the current to the natural zero of the alternating current.

Autrement dit, des moyens de contrôle d'arc AMF efficaces exigent l'obtention d'un champ magnétique réellement généré par l'enroulement qui soit élevé et réparti uniformément afin de diffuser l'arc efficacement sur les surfaces des contacts en regard l'une de l'autre.In other words, effective AMF arc control means require a truly winding-generated magnetic field to be raised and distributed uniformly to efficiently diffuse the arc onto the contact surfaces facing each other. the other.

Ces moyens de contrôle d'arc AMF sont ainsi constitués par au moins un élément sous la forme d'une bobine ou autrement dit enroulement à base de cuivre qui est un cylindre 8 creux agencé comme représenté sur la figure 2, qui s'étend à la périphérie du contact.These AMF arc control means are thus constituted by at least one element in the form of a coil or in other words a copper-based winding which is a hollow cylinder 8 arranged as shown in FIG. figure 2 which extends to the periphery of the contact.

Le creux 80 de l'enroulement 8 est dépourvu de matériau. L'enroulement cylindrique creux 8 comprend des fentes 81 réalisées en hélice autour de l'axe longitudinal Y et débouchant à la fois sur l'intérieur et sur l'extérieur du cylindre 8. L'espace entre deux fentes consécutives 81 définit une spire 82.The hollow 80 of the winding 8 is devoid of material. The hollow cylindrical winding 8 comprises slots 81 made helically around the longitudinal axis Y and opening at the same time on the inside. and on the outside of the cylinder 8. The space between two consecutive slots 81 defines a turn 82.

Chaque contact 2, 3 comprend une partie connexion mécanique 20, 30 et un corps de contact 21, 31 solidarisé à cette connexion mécanique.Each contact 2, 3 comprises a mechanical connection portion 20, 30 and a contact body 21, 31 secured to this mechanical connection.

Le corps 21, 31 comprend l'enroulement 8 et une partie électrode 22, 32 sous la forme d'une plaque circulaire. Cette plaque 22 ou 32 constitue la surface de contact physique mutuel avec l'autre plaque 32 ou 22 lorsque les contacts sont en position fermée.The body 21, 31 comprises the winding 8 and an electrode portion 22, 32 in the form of a circular plate. This plate 22 or 32 constitutes the mutual physical contact surface with the other plate 32 or 22 when the contacts are in the closed position.

Ces surfaces de contact 22, 32 sont donc les surfaces sur lesquelles l'arc doit être diffusé le plus uniformément et le plus largement possible.These contact surfaces 22, 32 are the surfaces on which the arc must be diffused as uniformly and as widely as possible.

Les enroulements 8 sont solidarisés chacun à la fois à la partie de connexion mécanique 20 ou 30 et à la plaque circulaire 22 ou 32.The windings 8 are each secured to both the mechanical connection portion 20 or 30 and to the circular plate 22 or 32.

Typiquement, les enroulements 8 et les parties d'électrodes 22, 32 selon l'invention ont un diamètre extérieur Øext compris entre 90 et 150 mm dans des applications dans lesquelles le courant à couper a une valeur supérieure ou égale à 63kA, par exemple 80 kA ou au dessus.Typically, the windings 8 and the electrode portions 22, 32 according to the invention have an outside diameter Ø ext of between 90 and 150 mm in applications in which the current to be cut has a value greater than or equal to 63 kA, for example 80 kA or above.

Une telle application particulièrement visée est celle où l'ampoule à vide est utilisée en tant que disjoncteur sectionneur d'alternateur en sortie de centrale de production d'énergie.Such a particularly targeted application is that in which the vacuum interrupter is used as an alternator disconnect circuit breaker at the output of a power plant.

Pour augmenter le champ magnétique total effectif dans la partie centrale du contact, pour des contacts 2, 3 de diamètre important (compris entre 90 et 150 mm), ou autrement dit pour améliorer l'efficacité des moyens de contrôle d'arc par champ magnétique axial AMF, les inventeurs ont proposé dans la demande de brevet susmentionnée N° FR 09 53849 d'agencer un deuxième enroulement 9 ou 10 de manière concentrique dans le premier enroulement 8 (figures 2, 3 et 6).To increase the effective total magnetic field in the central part of the contact, for contacts 2, 3 of large diameter (between 90 and 150 mm), or in other words to improve the efficiency of the arc control means by field magnetic axial AMF, the inventors proposed in the aforementioned patent application No. FR 09 53849 arranging a second winding 9 or 10 concentrically in the first winding 8 ( Figures 2, 3 and 6 ).

Ce deuxième enroulement 9 ou 10 est ainsi monté électriquement en parallèle avec le premier enroulement 8 et il adapté pour engendrer un champ magnétique qui se superpose au champ magnétique engendré par le premier cylindre 8.This second winding 9 or 10 is thus electrically mounted in parallel with the first winding 8 and adapted to generate a magnetic field which is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the first cylinder 8.

Un mode de réalisation d'un deuxième enroulement est celui illustré en figure 2.An embodiment of a second winding is that illustrated in FIG. figure 2 .

Il consiste en un deuxième cylindre creux 9 comprenant des fentes 91 réalisées en hélice autour de son axe et débouchant à la fois sur l'intérieur et l'extérieur du cylindre. Ce deuxième cylindre creux 9 est centré sur l'axe longitudinal Y, agencé concentriquement au premier cylindre 8, en ayant une extrémité solidarisée à la partie de connexion mécanique et l'autre extrémité solidarisée à la plaque circulaire 22.It consists of a second hollow cylinder 9 comprising slits 91 made helically around its axis and opening at the same time on the inside and the outside of the cylinder. This second hollow cylinder 9 is centered on the longitudinal axis Y, arranged concentrically with the first cylinder 8, having one end secured to the mechanical connection portion and the other end secured to the circular plate 22.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, les creux 80, 90 des cylindres sont dépourvus de matériau.In this embodiment, the troughs 80, 90 of the cylinders are devoid of material.

Tel qu'illustré, le deuxième cylindre creux 9 est en fait homothétique du premier cylindre creux 8.As illustrated, the second hollow cylinder 9 is in fact homothetic of the first hollow cylinder 8.

Les deux enroulements 8 et 9 sont montés électriquement en parallèle: ainsi les deux cylindres sont solidarisés à la base de connexion 20 et à la plaque d'électrode 22. Il en est de même pour les enroulements (non représentés) du contact 3 en vis-à-vis du contact 2.The two windings 8 and 9 are electrically connected in parallel: thus the two cylinders are secured to the connection base 20 and the electrode plate 22. It is the same for the windings (not shown) of the contact 3 screwed to contact 2.

Puisque l'enroulement 8 à la périphérie et l'enroulement 9 au centre du contact 2 constituent des résistances électriques en parallèle, ils permettent d'avoir un pourcentage donné de courant qui passe dans l'un 8 et dans l'autre 9.Since the winding 8 at the periphery and the winding 9 at the center of the contact 2 constitute electrical resistances in parallel, they make it possible to have a given percentage of current passing through the one 8 and the other 9.

Un autre mode de réalisation d'un deuxième enroulement 10 est illustré à la figure 3.Another embodiment of a second winding 10 is illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .

Selon ce mode, le deuxième enroulement consiste en une pièce supplémentaire pleine 10 qui comprend deux portions cylindriques 100a, 100b et une couronne annulaire 102 non fermée sur elle-même et centrée sur deux portions cylindriques 100a, 100b. Chaque extrémité de la couronne 102 non fermée sur elle-même est solidarisée par l'intermédiaire d'un bras 101, 103 à l'une des portions cylindriques 100a, 100b.According to this mode, the second winding consists of a full additional part 10 which comprises two cylindrical portions 100a, 100b and an annular ring 102 not closed on itself and centered on two cylindrical portions 100a, 100b. Each end of the ring 102 not closed on itself is secured by means of an arm 101, 103 to one of the cylindrical portions 100a, 100b.

La distance prévue entre les deux extrémités de la couronne annulaire est minimale et n'a ainsi pas d'influence sur la valeur du champ magnétique créé par le deuxième enroulement 10.The distance provided between the two ends of the annular ring is minimal and thus has no influence on the value of the magnetic field created by the second winding 10.

L'agencement de cette pièce supplémentaire 10 est tel que les deux portions cylindriques pleines 100a et 100b sont centrées sur l'axe longitudinal Y et sa couronne annulaire 102 concentrique au premier cylindre 8.The arrangement of this additional piece 10 is such that the two full cylindrical portions 100a and 100b are centered on the longitudinal axis Y and its annular ring 102 concentric with the first cylinder 8.

La portion cylindrique pleine 100b est solidarisée à la partie connexion mécanique 20. La portion cylindrique 100b est solidarisée la plaque circulaire de contact 22.The solid cylindrical portion 100b is secured to the mechanical connection portion 20. The cylindrical portion 100b is secured to the circular contact plate 22.

Le creux 80 du premier cylindre 8 et l'espace entre la couronne annulaire 102 et les portions cylindriques 100a et 100b sont dépourvus de matière.The hollow 80 of the first cylinder 8 and the space between the annular ring 102 and the cylindrical portions 100a and 100b are devoid of material.

Comme visible sur la figure 3, afin que le courant qui circule dans l'enroulement supplémentaire 10 et le courant qui circule dans le premier enroulement 8 aient le même sens de circulation (de bas vers le haut et en suivant un trajet anti-horaire dans la couronne 102), le bras 103 qui solidarise l'extrémité 1020 de la couronne 102 à la portion cylindrique 100b est en dessous du bras 101 qui solidarise l'autre extrémité 1021 de la couronne 102 à la portion cylindrique 100a.As visible on the figure 3 , so that the current flowing in the additional winding 10 and the current flowing in the first winding 8 have the same direction of flow (from bottom to top and following a counterclockwise path in the ring 102), the arm 103 which secures the end 1020 of the ring 102 to the cylindrical portion 100b is below the arm 101 which secures the other end 1021 of the ring 102 to the cylindrical portion 100a.

La problématique de l'invention est ici d'obtenir un premier enroulement 8 à base de cuivre qui permette à la fois :

  • d'augmenter l'endurance mécanique d'un contact 2, 3 de grande taille, typiquement compris entre 90 mm et 150 mm, qui l'incorpore,
  • d'engendrer un champ magnétique de valeur élevée et sans détériorer son uniformité à la surface de contact,
  • de s'affranchir des risques de déformation et/ou de variation de hauteur lors de sa manipulation.
The problem of the invention is here to obtain a first winding 8 based on copper that allows both:
  • to increase the mechanical endurance of a contact 2, 3 of large size, typically between 90 mm and 150 mm, which incorporates it,
  • to generate a magnetic field of high value and without deteriorating its uniformity at the contact surface,
  • to overcome the risk of deformation and / or height variation during handling.

Pour répondre à cette problématique de l'invention, les inventeurs ont pensé réduire la largeur des fentes 81 d'un enroulement à base de cuivre 8 fabriqué selon les techniques actuelles (figure 4A) de sorte qu'une fois implanté dans un contact selon l'invention, l'enroulement présente des fentes 81 de largeur finale lf réduite au plus au millimètre (figure 4B).To meet this problem of the invention, the inventors have thought to reduce the width of the slots 81 of a copper-based winding 8 manufactured according to current techniques ( Figure 4A ) so that once implanted in a contact according to the invention, the winding has slots 81 of final width lf reduced to the nearest millimeter ( Figure 4B ).

En effet, le cylindre creux constituant l'enroulement à base de cuivre 8 est usuellement fabriqué en utilisant des fraises scies répandues de l'ordre de 1 à 1,2 mm qui donnent ainsi une largeur initiale li de ce même ordre de grandeur aux fentes 81 (figure 4A).Indeed, the hollow cylinder constituting the copper-based winding 8 is usually manufactured using saw mills spread on the order of 1 to 1.2 mm which thus give an initial width li of this same order of magnitude to the slots 81 ( Figure 4A ).

Chaque spire 82 définie entre deux fentes 81 consécutives a par ailleurs une largeur L moyenne de l'ordre de 4 mm.Each turn 82 defined between two consecutive slots 81 has an average width L of the order of 4 mm.

Les inventeurs ont analysé que cette largeur de fentes 81 li était la source de la problématique de l'invention : de larges fentes de l'ordre de 1 à 1.2mm ont pour effet de fragiliser l'enroulement lors de sa manipulation, de réduire l'endurance mécanique du contact qui en est muni et d'engendrer un champ magnétique pas nécessairement élevée et parfois asymétrique.The inventors have analyzed that this slit width 81 li was the source of the problematic of the invention: large slits of the order of 1 to 1.2 mm have the effect of weakening the winding during its handling, reducing the mechanical endurance of the contact that is provided and generate a magnetic field not necessarily high and sometimes asymmetrical.

Pour réduire la largeur des fentes en dessous du mm et de préférence entre 0.1 mm et 0.2mm, les inventeurs ont privilégié la réalisation par une compression d'un enroulement 8 réalisé comme usuellement. En effet, tailler directement des fentes 81 de très faible largeur unitaire s'avère du point de vue des inventeurs techniquement délicat à réaliser et en tout cas très coûteux car cela nécessiterait l'utilisation de fraises scies très chères. En outre, il n'est même pas sûr que l'utilisation de fraises scies à ces diamètres inférieurs au millimètre s'avère compatible avec un cylindre à base de cuivre.To reduce the width of the slots below the mm and preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, the inventors have preferred the embodiment by compression of a winding 8 made as usual. Indeed, directly cutting slots 81 of very small unit width is from the point of view of inventors technically difficult to achieve and in any case very expensive because it would require the use of very expensive saws strawberries. In addition, it is not even sure that the use of saw mills with diameters smaller than one millimeter is compatible with a copper-based cylinder.

La figure 4C est un exemple de représentation schématique en vue de coupe transversale d'un enroulement 8 selon l'invention, la coupe étant projetée dans un même plan.The figure 4C is an example of schematic representation in cross-sectional view of a winding 8 according to the invention, the section being projected in the same plane.

Selon cette coupe, on voit que les parties de fentes 81 sont uniformément réparties sur le diamètre de l'enroulement 8 (au nombre de 12) et toutes de même dimension. La longueur angulaire d'une fente 81 est α de l'ordre de égal à 115°.According to this section, it can be seen that the slot portions 81 are uniformly distributed over the diameter of the winding 8 (12 in number) and all of the same size. The angular length of a slot 81 is α of the order of equal to 115 °.

Un procédé de réalisation à froid d'un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention est montré aux figures 5A et 5B.A method of cold-forming a copper-based winding according to the invention is shown in FIGS. Figures 5A and 5B .

La compression d'un enroulement 8 de première hauteur h1 et comprenant des fentes de largeur li de l'ordre de 1 mm à 1,2 mm est réalisée par presse entre deux plaques d'appui 11a, 11b avec une force Fc déterminée en fonction du coefficient de résistance à la compression du cuivre constituant l'enroulement. La compression est réalisée jusqu'à ce que la plaque du dessus 11b vienne en appui contre des entretoises 12 de hauteur calibrée h2. Après relaxation naturelle de l'enroulement 8 sur une distance r, l'enroulement prend une hauteur finale h3. Typiquement, pour ce procédé de compression à froid, la différence de hauteur Δh = h1 - h3 est comprise entre 2.5 mm et 4 mm.The compression of a winding 8 of first height h1 and comprising slits of width li of the order of 1 mm to 1.2 mm is formed by pressing between two support plates 11a, 11b with a force Fc determined according to the coefficient of compressive strength of the copper constituting the winding. The compression is carried out until the top plate 11b bears against spacers 12 of calibrated height h2. After natural relaxation of the winding 8 over a distance r, the winding takes a final height h3. Typically, for this cold compression method, the difference in height Δh = h1-h3 is between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.

Un procédé de réalisation à chaud d'un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention est montré aux figures 6A et 6B. Selon ce procédé, on réalise la solidarisation du cylindre creux 8 à la plaque circulaire de contact 22 et à la partie de connexion mécanique 20 par brasage, et au cours du cycle de brasage on réalise une compression de l'enroulement 8.A hot-forming method of a copper-based winding according to the invention is shown in FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B . According to this method, the hollow cylinder 8 is secured to the circular contact plate 22 and to the mechanical connection part 20 by soldering, and during the brazing cycle is carried out a compression of the winding 8.

Les inventeurs ont proposé dans la demande de brevet N° FR 09 53853 d'agencer au moins une colonnette 7a, 7b, 7c distincte de(s) l'enroulement(s), dans le creux du premier cylindre 8, en entretoise entre la partie de connexion mécanique 20 et la plaque circulaire 22, 32 du corps de contact de manière à éviter l'effondrement de cette dernière lors d'une manoeuvre de fermeture et dans la position de fermeture de l'ampoule à vide, la(les) colonnette(s) ayant une forte résistivité électrique telle que lorsqu'un courant donné circule dans le contact, la quantité de courant qui circule dans la(les) colonnette(s) est négligeable par rapport à celle qui circule dans l'(les) enroulement(s).The inventors proposed in the patent application No. FR 09 53853 to arrange at least one column 7a, 7b, 7c distinct from (s) the winding (s), in the hollow of the first cylinder 8, in spacing between the mechanical connection portion 20 and the circular plate 22, 32 of the body in order to avoid the collapse of the latter during a closing maneuver and in the closed position of the vacuum bottle, the (the) column (s) having a high electrical resistivity such as when given current flows in the contact, the amount of current flowing in the (the) column (s) is negligible compared to that flowing in the (the) winding (s).

Dans le procédé de réalisation à chaud selon l'invention on met à profit ces colonnettes 7a, 7b et 7c pour servir d'entretoises calibrées. Ainsi, on place le contact 2 représenté en figure 6A avec des fentes 81 de largeur li supérieure au mm, dans le four de brasage et entre deux plaques d'appui 11a, 11b.In the hot-forming method according to the invention, these columns 7a, 7b and 7c are used to serve as calibrated spacers. Thus, the contact 2 represented in Figure 6A with slots 81 of width greater than 1 mm, in the brazing furnace and between two bearing plates 11a, 11b.

Celle du dessus 11b est surmontée d'une masse M appropriée 13, typiquement entre 2 kg et 5kg.That of the top 11b is surmounted by a suitable mass M 13, typically between 2 kg and 5 kg.

Au cours de la montée en T° du four, l'enroulement 8 s'affaisse sous le poids de la masse 13 et de la plaque 22, et les fentes 81 voient leur largeur diminuer en dessous du mm.During the rise in T ° of the oven, the coil 8 collapses under the weight of the mass 13 and the plate 22, and the slots 81 see their width decrease below the mm.

L'affaissement s'arrête lorsque la plaque circulaire 22 vient en butée contre les colonnettes 7a, 7b, 7c.The collapse stops when the circular plate 22 abuts against the columns 7a, 7b, 7c.

Le cycle de brasage des parties 20 et 22 à l'enroulement 8 continue alors avec l'opération de brasage proprement dite. A la fin du cycle, lorsque le contact 2 est retiré du four, la largeur définitive lf des fentes 81 est atteinte et typiquement de l'ordre de 0.1 à 0.2mm (figure 6B). Typiquement, la différence Δhc de hauteur du contact 2 entre sa mise en place dans le four de brasage (figure 6A) et sa sortie (figure 6B) est comprise entre 2.5 mm et 4 mm.The brazing cycle of the parts 20 and 22 to the winding 8 then continues with the brazing operation itself. At the end of the cycle, when the contact 2 is removed from the oven, the final width lf of the slots 81 is reached and typically of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 mm ( Figure 6B ). Typically, the difference Δhc height of the contact 2 between its establishment in the soldering furnace ( Figure 6A ) and its output ( Figure 6B ) is between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.

A la figure 7 est montré un contact 2 réalisé selon le procédé à chaud avec les colonnettes 7a, 7b ,7c et comprenant en outre un deuxième enroulement constitué de la pièce pleine 10 décrite ci-dessus en référence à la figure 3. Ici, trois colonnettes identiques 7a, 7b, 7c ont été implantées en tant qu'entretoises dans le corps de contact 22. Plus exactement, ces trois colonnettes 7a, 7b, 7c sont situées sur une même circonférence à 120° l'une de l'autre et à l'intérieur de la couronne annulaire 102, c'est-à-dire entre les portions cylindriques 100a et 100b et la couronne annulaire 102.To the figure 7 is shown a contact 2 made by the hot method with the posts 7a, 7b, 7c and further comprising a second winding consisting of the solid part 10 described above with reference to the figure 3 . Here, three identical columns 7a, 7b, 7c have been implanted as spacers in the contact body 22. More exactly, these three columns 7a, 7b, 7c are located on the same circumference at 120 ° one of the other and inside the annular ring 102, that is to say between the cylindrical portions 100a and 100b and the annular ring 102.

Comme visible à la figure 7A, il est prévu initialement un jeu j entre d'une part les colonnettes 7 et la portion cylindrique 100a du dessus pour permettre l'affaissement de l'enroulement 8 sous le poids de la masse 13 et de la plaque 22.As visible at Figure 7A initially there is a clearance j between on the one hand the posts 7 and the cylindrical portion 100a of the top to allow the collapse of the winding 8 under the weight of the mass 13 and the plate 22.

Ainsi, comme vu en coupe en figure 7B, à la sortie du four de brasage, les différent composants (colonnettes 7, portions cylindriques 100a et 100b, enroulement 8, plaque 22 et partie de connexion mécanique 20) sont brasées entre elles et aucun jeu ne subsiste.So, as seen in section in Figure 7B at the outlet of the brazing furnace, the different components (columns 7, cylindrical portions 100a and 100b, winding 8, plate 22 and connecting part 20) are brazed together and no play remains.

L'invention qui vient d'être décrite permet d'obtenir les avantages suivantes :

  • augmenter la stabilité mécanique d'un contact d'une ampoule à vide comprenant un enroulement à base de cuivre; Cette stabilité mécanique permet de répondre aux standards ANSI ou CEI. L'endurance mécanique de l'ampoule à vide s'en trouve améliorée significativement jusqu'à permettre la réalisation de 30000 cycles d'ouverture/fermeture,
  • améliorer le champ magnétique engendré par un enroulement à base de cuivre selon l'invention: en conservant le même nombre de fentes mais en réduisant sa hauteur, l'enroulement engendre un champ magnétique plus élevé et mieux réparti, ce qui permet une coupure efficace des courants d'arc,
  • rendre moins élevée la probabilité pour un arc d'être créé à la périphérie du contact.
The invention which has just been described makes it possible to obtain the following advantages:
  • increasing the mechanical stability of a contact of a vacuum interrupter comprising a copper-based winding; This mechanical stability makes it possible to meet ANSI or IEC standards. The mechanical endurance of the vacuum interrupter is significantly improved until 30,000 opening / closing cycles can be achieved.
  • to improve the magnetic field generated by a copper-based winding according to the invention: by keeping the same number of slots but reducing its height, the winding generates a higher and better distributed magnetic field, which allows an effective cut of arc currents,
  • lower the probability of an arc being created on the periphery of the contact.

Claims (14)

  1. A copper-based winding (8), of diameter typically greater than 90 mm, intended to generate a magnetic field in an electrical contact (2, 3) for a medium voltage vacuum circuit-breaker (1), the winding consisting of a hollow cylinder (8) including helical slots (81) about its longitudinal axis and opening out both to the hollow and to the exterior of the cylinder, in which winding the space between two consecutive turns that constitutes a slot is empty of material characterized in that the width of each slot is less than 0.2 mm for an outside diameter Øext of the hollow cylinder that is greater than 90 mm.
  2. A winding according to claim 1, wherein the width of a turn is on average at least 3 mm, and typically greater than 4 mm.
  3. A method of making a copper-based winding intended to generate a magnetic field in an electrical contact (2, 3) for a medium-voltage vacuum circuit-breaker (1), the method comprising the following steps:
    a) making a hollow cylinder of an initial height h1 with helical slots about its longitudinal axis and opening out both to the hollow and to the exterior of the hollow, the space between two consecutive turns being empty of material and the initial individual slot width lying in the range 1 mm and 1.2 mm for an outside diameter of the hollow diameter Øext of the hollow cylinder greater than 90 mm;;
    b) compressing the hollow cylinder until it reaches a calibrated intermediate height h2 so that after release of compression of the hollow cylinder, the width of each final slot is less than 0.2 mm.
  4. A method according to claim 3, wherein cold compression step b) is carried out and the compression release also being carried out cold by natural relaxation of the hollow cylinder.
  5. A method of making an electrical contact (2, 3) for a medium-voltage vacuum circuit-breaker (1), including the method of making a copper-based winding according to claim 3 or claim 4, the contact extending along a longitudinal axis Y and including:
    - a mechanical connection portion (20, 30) that extends along the longitudinal axis Y;
    - a contact body (21, 31) comprising a winding consisting of a hollow cylinder (8) that includes helical slots (81) about its axis and opening out both to the hollow and to the exterior of the cylinder, the space between two consecutive turns that constitute a slot is empty of material and the width of each slot is less than 1 rom, the first hollow cylinder being centered on the longitudinal axis Y by having an end that is fastened to the mechanical connection portion, the hollow (80) of the first cylinder being empty of material; and
    - a circular contact plate (22, 32) that has a diameter equal to the outside of the first hollow cylinder, said plate (22, 32) also being centered on the longitudinal axis Y and being fastened to the end of the first hollow cylinder opposite the plate fastened to the mechanical connection portion;
    wherein the fastening of the hollow cylinder to the circular contact plate and to the mechanical connection portion is carried out by brazing, and during the brazing cycle, step b) is carried out.
  6. An electrical contact (2, 3) for a medium-voltage vacuum circuit-breaker (1), the contact extending along a longitudinal axis Y and comprising:
    - a mechanical connection portion (20, 30) that extends along the longitudinal axis Y; and
    - a contact body (21, 31) that includes:
    a first winding according to any one of claims 1 or 2; and
    a circular contact plate (22, 32) of the same diameter as that of the exterior of the first hollow cylinder, said plate (22, 32) being also centered on the longitudinal axis Y and being fastened to the end of the first hollow cylinder opposite from the end fastened to the mechanical connection portion.
  7. An electrical contact (2, 3) according to claim 6, including a second winding (9, 10) electrically connected in parallel with the first winding (8) and adapted to generate a magnetic field that is superposed on the magnetic field generated by the first winding (8).
  8. An electrical contact (2, 3) according to claim 7, wherein the second winding is a winding according to any one of claims 1 or 2, the second hollow cylinder (9) being centered on the longitudinal axis Y, concentric with the first cylinder (8), having one end fastened to the mechanical connection portion and the other end fastened to the circular plate (22, 32), the hollows of the cylinders being empty of material.
  9. An electrical contact according to claim 6, including a second winding constituted by an additional solid part (10), which comprises two cylindrical portions (100a, 100b) and an annular ring (102) that is not looped and that is centered on the two cylindrical portions (100a, 100b), each end (1020, 1021) of the non-looped ring (102) being fastened by an arm (101, 103) to one of the cylindrical portions (100a, 100b), the arrangement of this additional part (10) being such that the two cylindrical portions (100a, 100b) are centered on the longitudinal axis Y and the annular ring (102) arranged concentrically with the first winding (8), one of the cylindrical portions (100a) being fastened to the mechanical connection portion (20) and the other of the cylindrical portions (100b) being fastened to the circular contact plate (22), the hollow (80) of the first winding (8) and the space between the annular ring (102) and the two cylindrical portions (100a, 100b) being empty of material.
  10. An electrical contact according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the outside diameter of the first winding and of the circular plate lies in the range 90 mm to 150 mm.
  11. A medium-voltage vacuum circuit-breaker (1) including at least one electrical contact (2, 3) according to any one of claims 6 to 10.
  12. A vacuum circuit-breaker according to claim 11 comprising a pair of electrical contacts with a stationary contact (2) according to any one of claims 6 to 10 and a movable contact (3) according to any one of claims 6 to 10.
  13. A circuit-breaker, such as an AC generator disconnected circuit-breaker including at least one vacuum circuit-breaker (1) according to claims 11. or claim 12.
  14. The use of a vacuum circuit-breaker according to claim 11 or claim 12 through which a short-circuit current flows in the event of a fault, and where appropriate through which the nominal load current flows.
EP10165178A 2009-06-10 2010-06-08 Coil for a contact of a vacuum switch having an increased mechanical endurance, and related vacuum switch and switchgear, in particular alternator load-break switch Active EP2261940B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0953855A FR2946792A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2009-06-10 WINDING FOR CONTACT WITH IMPROVED ENDURANCE MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.

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EP2261940B1 true EP2261940B1 (en) 2012-02-29

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FR2946790B1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2011-07-01 Areva T & D Sa CONTACT FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH IMPROVED ARC BREAKER, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2946792A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2010-12-17 Areva T & D Sa WINDING FOR CONTACT WITH IMPROVED ENDURANCE MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
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FR2896336B1 (en) 2006-01-17 2009-04-03 Areva T & D Sa CIRCUIT BREAKER ALTERNATOR OF COMPACT STRUCTURE
FR2896335B1 (en) 2006-01-17 2008-11-14 Areva T & D Sa GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INSERTED RESISTANCE
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FR2946791B1 (en) 2009-06-10 2011-09-23 Areva T & D Sa CONTACT FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH REINFORCED STRUCTURE, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2946790B1 (en) 2009-06-10 2011-07-01 Areva T & D Sa CONTACT FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH IMPROVED ARC BREAKER, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR2946792A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2010-12-17 Areva T & D Sa WINDING FOR CONTACT WITH IMPROVED ENDURANCE MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER.

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US20110073566A1 (en) 2011-03-31
FR2946792A1 (en) 2010-12-17
US8288674B2 (en) 2012-10-16
CN101923983A (en) 2010-12-22
EP2261940A1 (en) 2010-12-15
ATE547800T1 (en) 2012-03-15
CN101923983B (en) 2014-12-10

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