EP4006939A1 - Contact for medium-voltage vacuum bulb with improved arc-cutting and associated vacuum bulb - Google Patents

Contact for medium-voltage vacuum bulb with improved arc-cutting and associated vacuum bulb Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4006939A1
EP4006939A1 EP21205575.0A EP21205575A EP4006939A1 EP 4006939 A1 EP4006939 A1 EP 4006939A1 EP 21205575 A EP21205575 A EP 21205575A EP 4006939 A1 EP4006939 A1 EP 4006939A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
alloy
contact
circular element
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21205575.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mathieu BONO
Anthony PAPILLON
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP4006939A1 publication Critical patent/EP4006939A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/06—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medium voltage vacuum interrupters, also called vacuum interrupters or vacuum interrupters. It relates more particularly to improving the closing performance of such vacuum interrupters.
  • Vacuum interrupters are used in medium voltage electrical distribution equipment (from 1 to 52 kV) to break short-circuit currents of the order of a few kA, typically 25 kA, with voltages of a few kV, typically 36kV.
  • a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter 1 is an electrical cut-off device comprising an envelope 12 extending along a longitudinal axis Y and forming a sealed enclosure, in which is housed a pair of cut-off contacts 2, 3 which are movable l relative to the other (there is generally a movable contact 2 and a fixed contact 3) between an open position (part shown on the right) and a closed position (part shown on the left) by an axial movement thanks to a rod actuation 13.
  • a screen 14 is also arranged inside the enclosure around the cut-off contacts 2, 3 to protect the casing 12 against the effect of arcs established between the contacts.
  • Each cut-off contact 2, 3 comprises a contact body 6, 7 made of high-conductivity metal, for example copper, and mounted coaxially on a rod 4, 5 made of a material with good mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity (that is to say a conductivity greater than or equal to 98% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), as for example in copper; the two rods 4, 5 are arranged as an extension of one another
  • the enclosure is intended to contain an insulating gas and to be placed under vacuum.
  • the contact bodies of the breaking contacts must be made of a material which satisfies, among other things, requirements for resistance to electrical voltage, thermal conductivity and anti-welding (in order to prevent the contact bodies of a pair of contacts from welding together). To satisfy all these requirements as well as possible, many materials of the contact bodies of known cut-off contacts result from the combination of two or more metals.
  • the arcing contacts must be designed so that intense axial magnetic fields (usually called AMF, abbreviation of "Axial Magnetic Field” in English) or radial (usually called RMF, abbreviation of "Radial Magnetic Field” in English) are generated at the ends of the contacts facing each other, in order to achieve arc control during mutual separation contacts.
  • AMF intense axial magnetic fields
  • RMF radial
  • the fields are generated parallel to the longitudinal axis Y of the vacuum interrupter of the figure 1
  • the fields are created radially with respect to this same axis (i.e. along the X axis in the figure 1 ).
  • the inventors have focused on radial magnetic field breaking contacts (that is to say of the RMF type) and have sought to improve the closing performance of this type of contact.
  • the disk and the circular element are made of a copper alloy with the same refractory metal.
  • a hybrid breaking contact with a contact body which comprises a disc and a circular element in copper alloy of different compositions, the circular element being in an alloy that is more refractory than that of the disc.
  • the alloys are alloys of copper and chromium
  • the alloy of the circular element comprises a higher proportion by weight of chromium than that of the alloy of the disc.
  • a “spiral” configuration is a well-known particular configuration of an electrical cut-off contact with radial magnetic fields.
  • a typical example of a spiral configuration is shown in the picture 2 .
  • the “contrate” configuration also known by the term “cup contact design”.
  • the disc of the contact body is a substantially planar element, the periphery of which is substantially circular.
  • each slot can be straight or curved.
  • the disc and the circular element are made of an alloy of copper and chromium, the alloy of the circular element comprising a proportion by weight of chromium greater than that of the alloy of the disc, the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the disc being between 50 and 95%, the balance being made with chromium, and the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the circular element being between 40 and 80% , the scale being made with chrome.
  • the disk and the circular element being made of an alloy of copper and chromium
  • the alloy of the circular element comprises at least 50% by weight of copper.
  • the disc alloy comprises 75% by weight of copper and 25% by weight of chromium
  • the alloy of the circular element comprises between 50 and 60% by weight of copper, the balance being made with chromium.
  • the circular element is a solid element.
  • the circular element is a ring.
  • a circular element which is a solid disk welds are likely to form between the pair of breaking contacts, close to their centers, when the vacuum interrupter is closed or on short circuit. These welds remain difficult to break when opening the vacuum interrupter.
  • a circular element which is a ring makes it possible to offset the weld zone over an intermediate diameter and to facilitate desoldering, in particular by a lever arm effect during opening.
  • the invention also relates to a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter comprising at least one electrical cut-off contact as defined above.
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises a pair of electrical cut-off contacts with a fixed contact according to the invention and a movable contact according to the invention. All combinations in the pair of contacts are therefore possible.
  • the electrical cut-off contact is a contact with radial magnetic fields and more precisely, of the spiral type.
  • this particular spiral configuration is shown in the figure 2 and 3 .
  • this spiral configuration is characterized by a contact body comprising a disc provided with slots and a circular element, projecting from one face of the disc, having an outside diameter smaller than that of the disc.
  • four identical slots 11 are made spirally in the disc, being distributed at 90° to each other along the circumference of the disc and starting from an internal diameter (which may be less than, identical to or greater than the external diameter of the circular element), to the periphery of the disk. It is entirely possible to have a different number of slots, for example three slots distributed at 120° from each other along the circumference of the disc.
  • the slots may be curved (as shown in the figure 2 and 3 ) or straight.
  • each contact 2, 3 comprises a rod 4, 5 at the end of which is arranged a contact body 6, 7, which is coaxial with the rod 4, 5.
  • Each contact body 6, 7 has a spiral configuration and is provided with a disc 8, 9, one face of which is integral with a rod 4, 5, and a circular element 10 (only one circular element is visible), arranged projecting from the other of the faces of the disc 8, 9.
  • a vacuum interrupter with two contacts each having a disc in Cu 75 Cr 25 alloy (in mass %) and a circular element (of the pellet or ring type) in Cu 50 alloy.
  • Cr 50 in mass %) obtained by VAR.
  • the circular element is made of Cu 60 Cr 40 alloy (in mass %) and is obtained by sintering.

Abstract

Contact de coupure électrique (3) à champ magnétique radial pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension comprenant une tige (5) et un corps de contact (7), coaxial à la tige, qui comporte un disque (9) et un élément circulaire (10), concentrique avec le disque et disposé en saillie sur une face du disque, l'autre face du disque étant solidaire de la tige. Le corps de contact a une configuration en spirale ; le disque comporte des fentes dans l'épaisseur du disque qui s'étendent depuis la périphérie du disque en direction du centre du disque ; l'élément circulaire a un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre du disque. Le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre avec un métal réfractaire choisi parmi le chrome, le tungstène et le molybdène, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprenant une proportion en poids du métal réfractaire supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque.Electrical cut-off contact (3) with a radial magnetic field for a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter comprising a rod (5) and a contact body (7), coaxial with the rod, which comprises a disc (9) and a circular element ( 10), concentric with the disc and projecting from one face of the disc, the other face of the disc being integral with the rod. The contact body has a spiral configuration; the disk has slots in the thickness of the disk which extend from the periphery of the disk towards the center of the disk; the circular element has an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the disk. The disk and the circular element are made of a copper alloy with a refractory metal chosen from chromium, tungsten and molybdenum, the alloy of the circular element comprising a higher proportion by weight of the refractory metal than that of the disc alloy.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne le domaine des interrupteurs à vide à moyenne tension, également appelés ampoules à vide ou ampoules sous vide. Elle a trait plus particulièrement à l'amélioration de la performance à la fermeture de telles ampoules à vide.The invention relates to the field of medium voltage vacuum interrupters, also called vacuum interrupters or vacuum interrupters. It relates more particularly to improving the closing performance of such vacuum interrupters.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEUREPRIOR ART

Les ampoules à vide sont utilisées dans les appareillages électriques de distribution à moyenne tension (de 1 à 52 kV) pour couper des courants de court-circuit de l'ordre de quelques kA, typiquement 25 kA, avec des tensions de quelques kV, typiquement 36 kV. De manière connue et comme illustré dans la figure 1, une ampoule à vide 1 à moyenne tension est un appareil de coupure électrique comprenant une enveloppe 12 s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal Y et formant une enceinte étanche, dans laquelle est logée une paire de contacts de coupure 2, 3 qui sont mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre (on a généralement un contact mobile 2 et un contact fixe 3) entre une position ouverte (partie représentée à droite) et une position fermée (partie représentée à gauche) par un mouvement axial grâce à une tige d'actionnement 13. Un écran 14 est également disposé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte autour des contacts de coupure 2, 3 pour protéger l'enveloppe 12 contre l'effet d'arcs établis entre les contacts. Chaque contact de coupure 2, 3 comprend un corps de contact 6, 7 en métal à haute conductivité, par exemple en cuivre, et monté coaxialement sur une tige 4, 5 en un matériau d'une bonne résistance mécanique et de haute conductivité électrique (c'est-à-dire une conductivité supérieure ou égale à 98% IACS (de l'anglais International Annealed Copper Standard), comme par exemple en cuivre ; les deux tiges 4, 5 sont disposées en prolongement l'une de l'autre. L'enceinte est destinée à contenir un gaz isolant et à être mise sous vide.Vacuum interrupters are used in medium voltage electrical distribution equipment (from 1 to 52 kV) to break short-circuit currents of the order of a few kA, typically 25 kA, with voltages of a few kV, typically 36kV. In a known manner and as illustrated in the figure 1 , a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter 1 is an electrical cut-off device comprising an envelope 12 extending along a longitudinal axis Y and forming a sealed enclosure, in which is housed a pair of cut-off contacts 2, 3 which are movable l relative to the other (there is generally a movable contact 2 and a fixed contact 3) between an open position (part shown on the right) and a closed position (part shown on the left) by an axial movement thanks to a rod actuation 13. A screen 14 is also arranged inside the enclosure around the cut-off contacts 2, 3 to protect the casing 12 against the effect of arcs established between the contacts. Each cut-off contact 2, 3 comprises a contact body 6, 7 made of high-conductivity metal, for example copper, and mounted coaxially on a rod 4, 5 made of a material with good mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity ( that is to say a conductivity greater than or equal to 98% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), as for example in copper; the two rods 4, 5 are arranged as an extension of one another The enclosure is intended to contain an insulating gas and to be placed under vacuum.

Pour assurer leurs fonctions de coupure et de fermeture, les corps de contact des contacts de coupure doivent être réalisés en un matériau qui satisfasse, entre autres, à des exigences de résistance à la tension électrique, de conductibilité thermique et d'anti soudage (afin d'éviter que les corps de contact d'une paire de contacts ne se soudent entre eux). Pour satisfaire au mieux à toutes ces exigences, de nombreux matériaux des corps de contact des contacts de coupure connus résultent de la combinaison de deux métaux ou plus.To perform their breaking and making functions, the contact bodies of the breaking contacts must be made of a material which satisfies, among other things, requirements for resistance to electrical voltage, thermal conductivity and anti-welding (in order to prevent the contact bodies of a pair of contacts from welding together). To satisfy all these requirements as well as possible, many materials of the contact bodies of known cut-off contacts result from the combination of two or more metals.

Par ailleurs, il est connu que pour couper les courants de court-circuit dans une ampoule à vide, les contacts d'arc doivent être conçus de telle sorte que des champs magnétiques intenses axiaux (usuellement dénommés AMF, abréviation de « Axial Magnetic Field » en anglais) ou radiaux (usuellement dénommés RMF, abréviation de « Radial Magnetic Field » en anglais) soient générés aux extrémités des contacts en regard l'une de l'autre, afin de réaliser un contrôle de l'arc lors de la séparation mutuelle des contacts. Pour l'AMF, les champs sont générés parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal Y de l'ampoule à vide de la figure 1, tandis que pour le RMF, les champs sont créés de manière radiale par rapport à ce même axe (c'est-à-dire selon l'axe X dans la figure 1).Furthermore, it is known that to break short-circuit currents in a vacuum interrupter, the arcing contacts must be designed so that intense axial magnetic fields (usually called AMF, abbreviation of "Axial Magnetic Field" in English) or radial (usually called RMF, abbreviation of "Radial Magnetic Field" in English) are generated at the ends of the contacts facing each other, in order to achieve arc control during mutual separation contacts. For the AMF, the fields are generated parallel to the longitudinal axis Y of the vacuum interrupter of the figure 1 , while for the RMF, the fields are created radially with respect to this same axis (i.e. along the X axis in the figure 1 ).

Dans le cadre de la présente invention, les inventeurs se sont focalisés sur les contacts de coupure à champ magnétique radial (c'est-à-dire de type RMF) et ont cherché à améliorer les performances de fermeture de ce type de contacts.In the context of the present invention, the inventors have focused on radial magnetic field breaking contacts (that is to say of the RMF type) and have sought to improve the closing performance of this type of contact.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Pour ce faire, l'invention a pour objet un contact de coupure électrique à champ magnétique radial pour ampoule à vide à moyenne tension s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal Y, le contact de coupure électrique comprenant :

  • une tige de connexion mécanique et d'amenée de courant qui s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal Y; et
  • un corps de contact qui est coaxial à la tige et qui comporte un disque et un élément circulaire, concentrique avec le disque et disposé en saillie sur une face du disque, l'autre face du disque étant solidaire de la tige ;
caractérisé en ce que le corps de contact a une configuration en spirale, le disque comportant des fentes pratiquées dans l'épaisseur du disque et qui s'étendent depuis la périphérie du disque en direction du centre du disque, et l'élément circulaire ayant un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre du disque, et caractérisé en ce que le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre avec un métal réfractaire choisi parmi le chrome, le tungstène et le molybdène, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprenant une proportion en poids du métal réfractaire supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque.To do this, the subject of the invention is an electrical cut-off contact with a radial magnetic field for a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter extending along a longitudinal axis Y, the electrical cut-off contact comprising:
  • a mechanical connection and current lead rod which extends along the longitudinal axis Y; and
  • a contact body which is coaxial with the rod and which comprises a disc and a circular element, concentric with the disc and arranged projecting from one face of the disc, the other face of the disc being integral with the rod;
characterized in that the contact body has a spiral configuration, the disk having slots made in the thickness of the disk and which extend from the periphery of the disk towards the center of the disk, and the circular element having a external diameter smaller than the diameter of the disc, and characterized in that the disc and the circular element are made of an alloy of copper with a refractory metal chosen from chromium, tungsten and molybdenum, the alloy of the circular element comprising a higher proportion by weight of the refractory metal than that of the disc alloy.

De préférence, le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre avec un même métal réfractaire.Preferably, the disk and the circular element are made of a copper alloy with the same refractory metal.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, on a un contact de coupure hybride avec un corps de contact qui comporte un disque et un élément circulaire en alliage de cuivre de compositions différentes, l'élément circulaire étant dans un alliage plus réfractaire que celui du disque. Par exemple, si les alliages sont des alliages de cuivre et de chrome, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprend une proportion en poids de chrome supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque.Thus, according to the invention, there is a hybrid breaking contact with a contact body which comprises a disc and a circular element in copper alloy of different compositions, the circular element being in an alloy that is more refractory than that of the disc. For example, if the alloys are alloys of copper and chromium, the alloy of the circular element comprises a higher proportion by weight of chromium than that of the alloy of the disc.

Pour rappel, une configuration en « spirale » est une configuration particulière bien connue d'un contact de coupure électrique à champs magnétique radial. Un exemple typique d'une configuration en spirale est illustré dans la figure 2. Parmi les autres configurations connues d'un contact de coupure électrique à champs magnétique radial, on peut également citer la configuration en « contrate » (également connue sous le terme « cup contact design » en anglais).As a reminder, a “spiral” configuration is a well-known particular configuration of an electrical cut-off contact with radial magnetic fields. A typical example of a spiral configuration is shown in the picture 2 . Among the other known configurations of an electrical cut-off contact with radial magnetic fields, mention may also be made of the “contrate” configuration (also known by the term “cup contact design”).

Comme son nom l'indique, le disque du corps de contact est un élément sensiblement plan, dont la périphérie est sensiblement circulaire. De manière connue, dans une configuration en spirale, chaque fente peut être rectiligne ou bien courbe.As its name suggests, the disc of the contact body is a substantially planar element, the periphery of which is substantially circular. In known manner, in a spiral configuration, each slot can be straight or curved.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre et de chrome, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprenant une proportion en poids de chrome supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque, les proportions en poids de cuivre dans l'alliage du disque étant comprises entre 50 et 95%, la balance étant faite avec le chrome, et les proportions en poids de cuivre dans l'alliage de l'élément circulaire étant comprises entre 40 et 80%, la balance étant faite avec le chrome.According to a first embodiment, the disc and the circular element are made of an alloy of copper and chromium, the alloy of the circular element comprising a proportion by weight of chromium greater than that of the alloy of the disc, the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the disc being between 50 and 95%, the balance being made with chromium, and the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the circular element being between 40 and 80% , the scale being made with chrome.

On précise que dans le présent exposé, l'expression « compris entre ... et ... » doit être comprise comme incluant les bornes.It is specified that in the present presentation, the expression "between ... and ..." must be understood as including the limits.

De préférence, le disque et l'élément circulaire étant en un alliage de cuivre et de chrome, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprend au moins 50% en poids de cuivre. Préférentiellement, l'alliage du disque comprend 75% en poids de cuivre et 25% en poids de chrome, et l'alliage de l'élément circulaire comprend entre 50 et 60% en poids de cuivre, la balance étant faite avec le chrome. À titre d'exemple, on peut ainsi avoir un contact ayant un disque en alliage contenant 75 % en poids de cuivre et 25% en poids de chrome et un élément circulaire en alliage contenant 50% en poids de cuivre et 50% en poids de chrome ou bien encore en alliage contenant 60% en poids de cuivre et 40% en poids de chrome.Preferably, the disk and the circular element being made of an alloy of copper and chromium, the alloy of the circular element comprises at least 50% by weight of copper. Preferably, the disc alloy comprises 75% by weight of copper and 25% by weight of chromium, and the alloy of the circular element comprises between 50 and 60% by weight of copper, the balance being made with chromium. By way of example, it is thus possible to have a contact having an alloy disk containing 75% by weight of copper and 25% by weight of chromium and a circular element made of alloy containing 50% by weight of copper and 50% by weight of chrome or alternatively an alloy containing 60% by weight of copper and 40% by weight of chromium.

Selon une première variante, l'élément circulaire est un élément plein.According to a first variant, the circular element is a solid element.

Selon une deuxième variante, l'élément circulaire est un anneau.According to a second variant, the circular element is a ring.

Avec un élément circulaire qui est un disque plein, des soudures dont susceptibles de se former entre la paire de contacts de coupure, proches de leurs centres, lors de la fermeture de l'ampoule à vide ou sur court-circuit. Ces soudures restent difficiles à casser lors de l'ouverture de l'ampoule à vide. Un élément circulaire qui est un anneau permet de déporter la zone de soudure sur un diamètre intermédiaire et de faciliter la dessoudure, notamment par un effet de bras de levier lors de l'ouverture.With a circular element which is a solid disk, welds are likely to form between the pair of breaking contacts, close to their centers, when the vacuum interrupter is closed or on short circuit. These welds remain difficult to break when opening the vacuum interrupter. A circular element which is a ring makes it possible to offset the weld zone over an intermediate diameter and to facilitate desoldering, in particular by a lever arm effect during opening.

L'invention a également pour objet une ampoule à vide à moyenne tension comprenant au moins un contact de coupure électrique tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter comprising at least one electrical cut-off contact as defined above.

Avantageusement, l'ampoule à vide comprend une paire de contacts de coupure électrique avec un contact fixe selon l'invention et un contact mobile selon l'invention. Toutes les combinaisons dans la paire de contacts sont donc possibles. Par exemple, on peut avoir une paire de contacts avec un contact mobile avec un élément circulaire en anneau et un contact fixe avec un élément circulaire en anneau ; une paire de contacts avec un contact mobile avec un élément circulaire plein et un contact fixe avec un élément circulaire plein ; une paire de contacts avec un contact mobile avec un élément circulaire en anneau et un contact fixe avec un élément circulaire plein ; une paire de contacts avec un contact mobile avec un élément circulaire plein et un contact fixe avec un élément circulaire en anneau, les éléments étant configurés de manière à permettre un contact physique entre les éléments circulaires (anneau/anneau, anneau/élément circulaire plein, élément circulaire plein/élément circulaire plein) des deux contacts.Advantageously, the vacuum interrupter comprises a pair of electrical cut-off contacts with a fixed contact according to the invention and a movable contact according to the invention. All combinations in the pair of contacts are therefore possible. For example, one can have a pair of contacts with a movable contact with a circular ring element and a fixed contact with a circular ring element; a pair of contacts with a movable contact with a solid circular element and a fixed contact with a solid circular element; a pair of contacts with a movable contact with a circular ring element and a fixed contact with a solid circular element; a pair of contacts with a movable contact with a solid circular element and a fixed contact with a circular ring element, the elements being configured in such a way as to allow physical contact between the circular elements (ring/ring, ring/solid circular element, solid circular element/solid circular element) of the two contacts.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre purement indicatif et nullement limitatif, en faisant référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1], déjà décrite, est une vue en coupe verticale partielle d'une ampoule à vide moyenne tension ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une vue en perspective d'une paire de contacts de coupure selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • [Fig. 3] est une vue en perspective d'une paire de contacts de coupure selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the following description, given for information only and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ], already described, is a partial vertical sectional view of a medium voltage vacuum interrupter;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a perspective view of a pair of breaking contacts according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • [ Fig. 3 ] is a perspective view of a pair of breaking contacts according to a second embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLÉE DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Selon l'invention, le contact de coupure électrique est un contact à champs magnétique radial et plus précisément, du type à spirale. Des exemples de cette configuration particulière en spirale sont représentés dans les figures 2 et 3. De manière connue, cette configuration en spirale se caractérise par un corps de contact comprenant un disque muni de fentes et d'un élément circulaire, en saillie sur une face du disque, ayant un diamètre extérieur inférieur à celui du disque. Dans les figures 2 et 3, quatre fentes identiques 11 sont pratiquées en spirale dans le disque en étant réparties à 90° l'une de l'autre selon la circonférence du disque et partant depuis un diamètre interne (qui peut être inférieur, identique ou supérieur au diamètre externe de l'élément circulaire), jusqu'à la périphérie du disque. On peut tout à fait avoir un nombre différent de fentes, par exemple trois fentes réparties à 120° l'une de l'autre selon la circonférence du disque. Les fentes peuvent être courbes (comme représenté dans les figures 2 et 3) ou bien rectilignes.According to the invention, the electrical cut-off contact is a contact with radial magnetic fields and more precisely, of the spiral type. Examples of this particular spiral configuration are shown in the figure 2 and 3 . In a known manner, this spiral configuration is characterized by a contact body comprising a disc provided with slots and a circular element, projecting from one face of the disc, having an outside diameter smaller than that of the disc. In the figure 2 and 3 , four identical slots 11 are made spirally in the disc, being distributed at 90° to each other along the circumference of the disc and starting from an internal diameter (which may be less than, identical to or greater than the external diameter of the circular element), to the periphery of the disk. It is entirely possible to have a different number of slots, for example three slots distributed at 120° from each other along the circumference of the disc. The slots may be curved (as shown in the figure 2 and 3 ) or straight.

En référence aux figures 2 et 3 représentant une paire de contacts de coupure électrique selon l'invention, chaque contact 2, 3 comporte une tige 4, 5 à l'extrémité de laquelle est disposé un corps de contact 6, 7, qui est coaxial avec la tige 4, 5. Chaque corps de contact 6, 7 a une configuration en spirale et est muni d'un disque 8, 9, dont une face est solidaire d'une tige 4, 5, et d'un élément circulaire 10 (seul un élément circulaire est visible), agencé en saillie sur l'autre des faces du disque 8, 9.With reference to figure 2 and 3 representing a pair of electrical cut-off contacts according to the invention, each contact 2, 3 comprises a rod 4, 5 at the end of which is arranged a contact body 6, 7, which is coaxial with the rod 4, 5. Each contact body 6, 7 has a spiral configuration and is provided with a disc 8, 9, one face of which is integral with a rod 4, 5, and a circular element 10 (only one circular element is visible), arranged projecting from the other of the faces of the disc 8, 9.

De manière connue (document [1]), la réalisation d'un contact de coupure électrique peut se faire par différentes techniques : par frittage, par refusion à l'arc sous vide (procédé VAR pour « Vacuum Arc Remelting » en anglais), par coulée sous vide (« Vacuum casting » en anglais), par fusion induite par le vide (« Vacuum Induced Melting » en anglais), par infiltration sous vide (procédé VIP pour « Vacuum Infusing Process » en anglais).In a known manner (document [1]), the production of an electrical cut-off contact can be done by various techniques: by sintering, by vacuum arc remelting (VAR process for "Vacuum Arc Remelting" in English), by vacuum casting (“Vacuum casting”), by vacuum-induced melting (“Vacuum Induced Melting”), by vacuum infiltration (VIP process for “Vacuum Infusing Process” in English).

Les différentes parties du contact sont réalisées séparément (tige, disque et élément circulaire) et assemblées par la suite.The different parts of the contact are made separately (stem, disk and circular element) and assembled afterwards.

Dans le cadre de la présente invention, nous avons par exemple réalisé une ampoule sous vide avec deux contacts ayant chacun un disque en alliage Cu75Cr25 (en % massique) et un élément circulaire (de type pastille ou anneau) en alliage Cu50Cr50 (en % massique) obtenu par VAR. Dans un autre exemple, l'élément circulaire (de type pastille ou anneau) est en alliage Cu60Cr40 (en % massique) et est obtenu par frittage.In the context of the present invention, we have for example produced a vacuum interrupter with two contacts each having a disc in Cu 75 Cr 25 alloy (in mass %) and a circular element (of the pellet or ring type) in Cu 50 alloy. Cr 50 (in mass %) obtained by VAR. In another example, the circular element (of the pellet or ring type) is made of Cu 60 Cr 40 alloy (in mass %) and is obtained by sintering.

REFERENCE CITEECITED REFERENCE

[1] « CuCr for Vacuum Interrupters - Production, Properties and Application », F. Hauner et al., International Conférence on Electrical Contacts, 2008 [1] "CuCr for Vacuum Interrupters - Production, Properties and Application", F. Hauner et al., International Conference on Electrical Contacts, 2008

Claims (6)

Contact de coupure électrique (2, 3) à champ magnétique radial pour ampoule à vide (1) à moyenne tension s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal Y, le contact de coupure électrique comprenant : - une tige (4, 5) de connexion mécanique et d'amenée de courant qui s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal Y; et - un corps de contact (6, 7) qui est coaxial à la tige et qui comporte un disque (8, 9) et un élément circulaire (10), concentrique avec le disque et disposé en saillie sur une face du disque, l'autre face du disque étant solidaire de la tige ; caractérisé en ce que l'élément circulaire (10) est un anneau et en ce que le corps de contact (6, 7) a une configuration en spirale, le disque (8, 9) comportant des fentes (11) pratiquées dans l'épaisseur du disque et qui s'étendent depuis la périphérie du disque en direction du centre du disque, et l'élément circulaire (10) ayant un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre du disque, et en ce que le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre avec un métal réfractaire choisi parmi le chrome, le tungstène et le molybdène, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire (10) comprenant une proportion en poids du métal réfractaire supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque (8, 9).Electrical cut-off contact (2, 3) with radial magnetic field for vacuum interrupter (1) at medium voltage extending along a longitudinal axis Y, the electrical cut-off contact comprising: - a rod (4, 5) for mechanical connection and current supply which extends along the longitudinal axis Y; and - a contact body (6, 7) which is coaxial with the rod and which comprises a disc (8, 9) and a circular element (10), concentric with the disc and arranged projecting from one face of the disc, the other face of the disc being secured to the rod; characterized in that the circular element (10) is a ring and in that the contact body (6, 7) has a spiral configuration, the disc (8, 9) having slots (11) made in the thickness of the disc and which extend from the periphery of the disc towards the center of the disc, and the circular element (10) having an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the disc, and in that the disc and the circular element are made of a copper alloy with a refractory metal chosen from chromium, tungsten and molybdenum, the alloy of the circular element (10) comprising a higher proportion by weight of the refractory metal than that of the alloy of the disc (8 , 9). Contact de coupure électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le disque et l'élément circulaire sont en un alliage de cuivre et de chrome, l'alliage de l'élément circulaire (10) comprenant une proportion en poids de chrome supérieure à celle de l'alliage du disque (8, 9), les proportions en poids de cuivre dans l'alliage du disque (8, 9) étant comprises entre 50 et 95%, la balance étant faite avec le chrome, et les proportions en poids de cuivre dans l'alliage de l'élément circulaire (10) étant comprises entre 40 et 80%, la balance étant faite avec le chrome.Electrical cut-off contact according to Claim 1, in which the disc and the circular element are made of an alloy of copper and chromium, the alloy of the circular element (10) comprising a higher proportion by weight of chromium than that of the alloy of the disc (8, 9), the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the disc (8, 9) being between 50 and 95%, the balance being made with chromium, and the proportions by weight of copper in the alloy of the circular element (10) being between 40 and 80%, the balance being made with chromium. Contact de coupure électrique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'alliage de l'élément circulaire (10) comprend au moins 50% en poids de cuivre.Electrical cut-off contact according to Claim 2, in which the alloy of the circular element (10) comprises at least 50% by weight of copper. Contact de coupure électrique selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'alliage du disque (8, 9) comprend 75% en poids de cuivre et 25% en poids de chrome, et l'alliage de l'élément circulaire (10) comprend entre 50 et 60% en poids de cuivre, la balance étant faite avec le chrome.Electrical cut-off contact according to Claim 3, in which the alloy of the disc (8, 9) comprises 75% by weight of copper and 25% by weight of chromium, and the alloy of the circular element (10) comprises between 50 and 60% by weight of copper, the balance being made with chromium. Ampoule à vide (1) à moyenne tension comprenant au moins un contact de coupure électrique (2, 3) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4.Medium-voltage vacuum interrupter (1) comprising at least one electrical cut-off contact (2, 3) according to one of Claims 1 to 4. Ampoule à vide (1) selon la revendication 5, comprenant une paire de contacts de coupure électrique avec un contact mobile (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 et un contact fixe (3) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.Vacuum interrupter (1) according to Claim 5, comprising a pair of electrical cut-off contacts with a movable contact (2) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 and a fixed contact (3) according to any one of 1 to 4.
EP21205575.0A 2020-11-30 2021-10-29 Contact for medium-voltage vacuum bulb with improved arc-cutting and associated vacuum bulb Withdrawn EP4006939A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2012380A FR3116938A1 (en) 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Improved arc breaking medium voltage vacuum interrupter contact and associated vacuum interrupter

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EP4006939A1 true EP4006939A1 (en) 2022-06-01

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EP21205575.0A Withdrawn EP4006939A1 (en) 2020-11-30 2021-10-29 Contact for medium-voltage vacuum bulb with improved arc-cutting and associated vacuum bulb

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EP (1) EP4006939A1 (en)
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US20220172915A1 (en) 2022-06-02
FR3116938A1 (en) 2022-06-03

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