EP2908060A1 - Heizvorrichtung mit geringer Oberflächentemperatur (LST) - Google Patents

Heizvorrichtung mit geringer Oberflächentemperatur (LST) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2908060A1
EP2908060A1 EP15152753.8A EP15152753A EP2908060A1 EP 2908060 A1 EP2908060 A1 EP 2908060A1 EP 15152753 A EP15152753 A EP 15152753A EP 2908060 A1 EP2908060 A1 EP 2908060A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat source
cover
conduits
heated
convection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15152753.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2908060B1 (de
Inventor
Endré Feranc Pesics
Suzanne Cathleen Pesics
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sunflow Ltd
Original Assignee
Sunflow Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunflow Ltd filed Critical Sunflow Ltd
Publication of EP2908060A1 publication Critical patent/EP2908060A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2908060B1 publication Critical patent/EP2908060B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/06—Casings, cover lids or ornamental panels, for radiators
    • F24D19/064—Coverings not directly attached to a radiator, e.g. box-like coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heating apparatus, and more particularly to low surface temperature (LST) heating apparatus having convection-improving apparatus.
  • LST low surface temperature
  • radiators in domestic wet central heating systems typically comprise a fluid-filled panel which, when the fluid is heated, both radiates heat into the room and locally warms some of the air in the vicinity of the radiator.
  • Such an arrangement has been found to create relatively large temperature gradients in the room, with the warmest air collecting at the top of the room, and a layer of cooler air near the floor.
  • a thermostat is set at a setpoint temperature of 20 degrees Celsius (C)
  • the room may, in practice have air at 26 degrees C near the ceiling and air at around 17 degrees C near the floor.
  • Other heating apparatus such as under-floor heating, or skirting board heaters may also create large temperate gradients.
  • heating apparatus tend to have a relatively high surface temperature.
  • HOS National Health Service
  • the surface temperature of heating apparatus i.e. the temperature of an exposed surface of the heating apparatus that a person could contact
  • the surface temperature of heating apparatus should not exceed 43 degrees C because prolonged contact with surfaces above 43 degrees has been found to cause partial thickness burns or full thickness burns, particularly in vulnerable people such as the elderly or small children.
  • Many known heating apparatus are only be able to provide a satisfactory heating effect, if they simultaneously have a high surface temperature that is above 43 degrees. They therefore present a potential safety concern.
  • the present invention seeks to address at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages. More specifically, but not exclusively, it is desirable to provide an effective heating apparatus that maintains a relatively low surface temperature.
  • a low surface temperature (LST) heating apparatus for installing in a room, the heating apparatus comprising:(i) a heat source having a front, a back, sides, and a top; (ii) a convection-improving apparatus, the convection-improving apparatus comprising a multiplicity of upwardly extending conduits, each having an inlet located at its lower end and an outlet at its upper end, the conduits being in front of, and spaced apart from, the heat source but arranged such that the conduits are heated by the heat source; and (iii) a cover, the cover being arranged to substantially enclose the convection-improving apparatus and the front, back and sides of the heat source, wherein the conduits are arranged such that, when they are heated by the heat source, cold air from the room is drawn in through the inlets, heated by the respective conduits, and the heated air is released from the outlets, thereby creating a natural convection current.
  • LST low surface temperature
  • the invention makes use of the so-called 'chimney effect' (also known as the 'stack effect'). More specifically, by providing a heated, upwardly extending, conduit, air in the conduit is heated, and thus rises, thereby drawing in cooler air at the base and setting up a natural convection current, preferably around the perimeter of the room.
  • a convection-improving apparatus comprising a multiplicity of conduits between the front of the heat source and the cover, not only is the effectiveness of the heating apparatus increased (by way of improving convection), the cover also has a relatively low surface temperature. For example, the surface temperature of the cover may be significantly less than the surface temperature of the heat source.
  • the cover and the convection-improving apparatus may be retro-fitted with the heat source.
  • the heat source may have been pre-installed in the room.
  • the convection-improving apparatus may be retro-fitted, it need not necessarily be fitted, or otherwise connected to the heating apparatus.
  • the convection-improving device may be connected (more preferably detachably connected) to the heat source, whereas in other embodiments the convection-improving apparatus may merely be arranged such that the conduit is heated by the heat source (for example it may be free-standing in front of the heat source).
  • the heat source may be adjacent a wall of the room and arranged to convey heat outwards into the room.
  • the multiplicity of conduits are preferably positioned in front of the heating apparatus such that the conduits are heated as the heat is conveyed outwards into the room.
  • the cover may be arranged to at least partially shield the conduits from sight.
  • the cover is preferably arranged to substantially shield the conduits from sight.
  • the cover may be arranged to at least partially shield the heat source from sight.
  • the cover is preferably arranged to substantially shield the heat source from sight.
  • the cover may comprise attachment means for attaching the cover to the heat source.
  • the cover may comprise attachment means for attaching the cover to a wall structure, for example a wall structure adjacent the heat source.
  • the conduits are preferably spaced apart from the inner surface of the cover.
  • the conduits preferably do not contact the cover. It will be appreciated that the conduits may, nevertheless, be coupled to the cover (for example the conduits may be coupled to the rear face of the cover by a support bracket.
  • the cover itself may be arranged to allow, and more preferably to facilitate, convection.
  • the cover is preferably arranged to allow airflow from outside the cover to behind the cover through an inlet, and is preferably arranged to allow airflow from behind the cover to outside the cover through an outlet, the outlet being higher than the inlet.
  • the inlet is preferably substantially at floor level.
  • the cover may be a unitary structure.
  • the cover may comprise a plurality of modular cover elements, the modular cover elements being detachably connected to form the cover.
  • a modular arrangement may be beneficial since it may enable the size of the cover to be tailored to different heating apparatus, depending on how many modules are detachably connected.
  • the heat source is suitable for heating a room.
  • the heat source may, in some embodiments, be a radiator.
  • the radiator is preferably a fluid-filled radiator forming part of a wet central heating system.
  • the heat source comprises a heated thermal mass for heating air within the heat source, the heated air being released through the top of the heat source.
  • the heated thermal mass may comprise an electric heater element embedded in a solid core.
  • the solid core may be a baked kiln clay core.
  • the present invention has been found to be especially beneficial with such a heat source because whilst said heat sources tend to be very efficient it tends to have a relatively high surface temperature and cannot therefore be used (in isolation) in scenarios requiring an LST heater.
  • the heat source may be arranged release heated air through the top of the heat source.
  • the heat source may also be arranged such that the front, and preferably the sides and/or top, of the heat source are heated (by the thermal mass).
  • the front, sides and/or top of the heat source may therefore warm the surrounding environment by heat transfer (e.g. comprising radiation) to the surrounding air.
  • the conduits are arranged such that, when heated, cold air from the room is drawn in through the inlet, heated by the conduit, and the heated air is released from the outlet, thereby creating a natural convection current.
  • the conduits may, in principle, be any shape that achieves this function.
  • the conduits may be a circular, or non-circular, cylinder.
  • the conduits are thermally conductive.
  • the conduit may be made from a thermally conductive material such as a metallic material.
  • the convection-improving apparatus improves natural convection.
  • the heating apparatus preferably does not comprise means for providing forced convection.
  • the heating apparatus preferably does not comprise a fan, pump or other means for actively creating an air flow.
  • the multiplicity of conduits may be positioned laterally adjacent each other.
  • the conduits may be substantially parallel to one another.
  • the conduits are sufficiently upwardly extending to enable convection.
  • the conduits may be inclined at over 45 degrees to the horizontal.
  • the conduits may be inclined at 60 degrees or over to the horizontal.
  • the conduits may be substantially vertical.
  • the inclination of the conduit is fixed. In other embodiments of the invention, the inclination of the conduit may be adjustable.
  • the heat source may be such that the heated air, released through the top of the heat source, is released at a first temperature.
  • the convection-improving apparatus may be arranged such that the heated air from the outlets, is released at a second temperature.
  • the second temperature is preferably lower than the first temperature.
  • the conduits are preferably arranged such that the heated air from the outlets blends with the heated air released through the top of the heat source. Such an arrangement has been found to be especially effective in ensuring the cover has a low surface temperature, because it can act to cool the temperature of the air coming directly from the heat source (whilst still ensuring a convective current is created).
  • the upper end of each conduit preferably comprises an angled portion for directing heated air from the outlets, into the path of the heated air released through the top of the heat source.
  • the convection-improving apparatus has preferably been designed to ensure the region of the cover heated by the blended air, has a surface temperature that is below a predetermined threshold temperature. In principle there may be a variety of factors that can be adjusted to achieve this. Most preferably, at least one of the size, number and/or spacing of the multiplicity of conduits is selected such the surface temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature.
  • the present invention both improves the convective heating effect, and also ensures there is an at least partial barrier (i.e. the conduits) between the front of the heat source and rear of the cover. This may be used to ensure the surface temperature of the cover is kept relatively low. At least one of the size, number and/or spacing of the multiplicity of conduits may be selected to restrict thermal heat transfer from the front of the heat source to the front of the cover, such that the surface temperature of the front of the cover is below a predetermined threshold temperature.
  • the predetermined threshold temperature is preferably 43 degrees Celsius.
  • the method may comprise the steps of: tailoring at least one of the size, number and/or spacing of the multiplicity of conduits to ensure the cover has a surface temperature that is below a predetermined threshold temperature.
  • a convection-improving apparatus for use as the convection-improving apparatus described herein, the convection-improving apparatus comprising a multiplicity of conduits, each having an inlet located at its lower end and an outlet at its upper end, the conduits being positionable in front of the heat source such that the conduits are heated by the heat source, and wherein the conduits are arranged such that, when heated, cold air is drawn in through the inlet, heated by the conduit, and heated air is released from the outlet, thereby creating a convection current.
  • the convection-improving apparatus may be in combination with a cover, which, when the convection-improving apparatus is retro-fitted with a heat source, is arranged to substantially enclose the convection-improving apparatus and the front, back, top and sides of the heat source.
  • any reference to operating temperatures, or other operating characteristics, are for when the relevant device is operating a maximum output in an environment in which the air is at standard temperature and pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention.
  • a conventional radiator 1 is pre-installed in a room and is connected to a wet central heating system (not shown).
  • the radiator comprises a fluid-filled panel 3, on the rear of which are welded a series of corrugated fins (not shown).
  • the radiator 1 in isolation was found to create relatively large temperature gradients in the room, with air towards the top of the room being warmed to above a setpoint temperature, and air towards the bottom of the room remaining relatively cold (below the setpoint temperature). This is thought to be due to the component of the heating from radiation being relatively large, and there being relatively little convection (especially around the perimeter of the room).
  • the surface temperature of the radiator is also relatively high. Indeed, at maximum output, it is well above the 43 degrees C limit recommended by the UK Department of Health and in isolation it cannot be classified as a low-surface temperature (LST) heater.
  • LST low-surface temperature
  • the cover 5 comprises a series of modular sections 7 (only three modular sections of which are shown in Figure 1 ).
  • Each modular section comprises a front panel 7a and a top panel 7b.
  • the modular sections have fasteners (not shown), enabling the modular sections 7 to be joined together, thereby forming an elongate cover 5 which is arranged to enclose and shield the radiator 1 from view (some of the radiator is visible in Figure 1 only because not all the cover sections 7 are shown).
  • the cover 5 has decoration (not shown) on the front panel which has been tailored according to the users' tastes. Thus, the cover 5 mitigates any aesthetic problems that might have been thought to exist with the radiator.
  • Radiator covers per se are known and are typically made with little consideration of their effect on heating efficiency (for example they may be made from a thermal insulator such as MDF, and/or have few ventilation holes). Thus, installation of a cover per se could have exacerbated the above-mentioned problems of the heat distribution in the room.
  • a convection-improving apparatus is provided as will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 3b .
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the rear of two modular sections 7 of the cover 5. Attached to the rear surface of each section are three upwardly extending pipes 9.
  • the pipes are in the form of thin-walled aluminium tubes having a circular cross-section.
  • At the upper end of each pipe 9 is an outlet 11 and at the base of each pipe 9 is an inlet 13, such that air may freely pass through the pipe 9.
  • the pipes 9 are parallel to one another, and are positioned laterally adjacent to each other to form a strip of pipes 9 along the width of the cover 5.
  • Figures 3a and 3b are side views of one of the pipes 9.
  • Each pipe is pivotably held, at its lower end, by a mounting on the rear face of the modular section 7 of the cover 5.
  • a perforated bracket 15 is attached to the rear face of the modular section 7.
  • the bracket protrudes perpendicularly from that rear face such that it extends to one side of the mid-section of the pipe 9.
  • Holding pins (not shown) are inserted through the perforations in the bracket 15 and engage corresponding recesses (not shown) in the sides of the pipe 9. Accordingly, the inclination of each pipe 9 can be altered from a vertical position ( Figure 3a ) to an inclined position ( Figure 3b ).
  • the convection current has been found to improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution in the room.
  • the first embodiment of the invention improves temperature distribution in the room.
  • the multiplicity of pipes 9 have been found to act as a barrier to restrict heat transfer from the front of the radiator to the rear surface of the front cover 5.
  • the size, number and spacing of the conduits has been selected to ensure that (at maximum output of the radiator) the temperature of the front cover does not exceed 43 degrees C.
  • the heating apparatus i.e. radiator, pipes and cover in combination
  • FIG 4 is a view of two modular sections of a cover in a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the second embodiment is identical to the first embodiment except that each modular section 107 has only one pipe 109 attached thereto, and in that each pipe is made from copper.
  • This arrangement is for use with a radiator having a lower thermal output than the first embodiment, so the number of pipes may be reduced to achieve the same surface temperature.
  • the pipes may be made from other thermally conductive materials such as brass or another metallic alloy, a thermally conductive composite or a thermally conductive plastic.
  • FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the cover 205 is a prefabricated structure that has been sized to enclose the radiator 203 it covers (the radiator 203 not being visible in Figure 5 ).
  • the cover includes a decorative pattern (illustrated with asterisks in Figure 5 ).
  • the cover 205 includes four rectangular inlets 217 at its base and a series of circular openings 219 at its top to enable circulation of air through the convection-improving apparatus.
  • the cover 205 also includes a series of perforations 221 on the side to allow air circulation in the vicinity of the thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) (not shown).
  • TRV thermostatic radiator valve
  • FIG 6 is a view of the rear of the cover 205 and shows four upwardly extending pipes 209 mounted on the rear of the cover 205.
  • the radiator is in a larger room than that of the first embodiment, thus the pipes 209 are each of larger diameter, and are each longer, than the pipes of the first embodiment, to allow a greater mass flow of air through the pipes.
  • each pipe is held on the rear of the cover 5 by a similar mounting arrangement to the first embodiment.
  • the pipes are all in front of, but spaced apart from, the radiator.
  • FIG 8 is a side view of yet another embodiment of the invention. This is identical to the above-described embodiments except that each pipe 309 includes a curved upper end 323 that is arranged to extend above the top of the radiator 301.
  • the pipe 309 is shaped and positioned such that it always maintains a constant distance from the radiator 301 along almost its entire length. Having the upper-curved section ensures that the pipe is heated along as large a length as possible.
  • the curved upper section is also useful in ensuring the temperature on the top of the cover does not exceed the 43 degree threshold, as will now be explained in detail:
  • the front of the radiator 301 primarily radiates heat to the surrounding environment (including the pipes 309).
  • the radiator also draws air through it, which is heated and released through the top of the radiator. This heated air tends to be above 43 degrees.
  • the pipes are designed such that the air released at the outlet is around 30 degrees.
  • the curve, and the design of the pipes has been chosen such that when the air from the pipe outlets mixes with the heated air from the radiator, the mixed air is at a temperature such that the temperature at the top of the cover, does not exceed this 43 degree threshold.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show features in a convection-improving device and cover according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the convection-improving apparatus comprises two rows of pipes 409, arranged in two adjacent layers. Furthermore, the pipes are somewhat shorter than those in the preceding embodiments and do not extend as close to the floor.
  • Figure 10 shows a lid 407b for forming the top of a cover.
  • the lid 407b includes perforations 419 arranged across the upper surface to allow warm air out of the cover.
  • the lid 407b is attachable to side faces of a cover (not shown).
  • FIGS 11 , 12 and 13 are side, rear and front views respectively, of a heating apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the heat source 501 is a clay core heater rated to 1500Watts.
  • the heater comprises a baked kiln clay core 525 in which an electric heater element (not shown) is inserted.
  • This type of heat source is known, and is, for example manufactured by the applicant (see for example http://www.sunflowltd.co.uk/ ).
  • the kiln clay core 525 is heated to around 130 degrees C, which in turn heats the air within the heat source 501.
  • the heated air rises upwardly through the heat source. During this process it transfers some heat into the front face, and other parts of the heat source, such that it is released through an opening (not shown) in the top of the heat source at around 90 degrees.
  • the cover 505 has a solid front face 505' ( Figure 13 ) and perforated sides and top faces 505" and 505'" ( Figures 11 and 12 ) to allow airflow from the room into the pipes 509 and heat source 501. As best seen in Figure 11 , the cover 505 encloses the heat source.
  • the pipes 509 are held by brackets which locate them 15mm behind the rear of the cover 505 (but in front of the front of the heat source 501).
  • the pipes are aluminium and have a 12.7mm outer diameter.
  • the pipes 509 are 1500mm long and comprise a 90mm long angled portion 523 (angled at 24 degrees) for directing heated air from the outlets of the pipes, into the heated air that is released through the opening in the top of the heat source.
  • the blending of the air from the pipes and from the heat source is such that the temperature of the top surface of the cover is below 43 degrees.
  • the pipes 509 are also laterally spaced apart (see Figure 12 ) such that they present a partial barrier to heat transfer, from the front of the heat source 501, into the rear of the front face of the cover 505.
  • the spacing is such that the temperature of the front face of the cover 505 does not exceed 43 degrees.
  • the pipes may be any shape that allows convection (for example they may a non-circular cross-section).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
EP15152753.8A 2014-02-18 2015-01-27 Heizvorrichtung mit geringer Oberflächentemperatur (LST) Active EP2908060B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1402834.4A GB201402834D0 (en) 2014-02-18 2014-02-18 A method of improving convection and an apparatus therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2908060A1 true EP2908060A1 (de) 2015-08-19
EP2908060B1 EP2908060B1 (de) 2017-08-30

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EP15152753.8A Active EP2908060B1 (de) 2014-02-18 2015-01-27 Heizvorrichtung mit geringer Oberflächentemperatur (LST)

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GB (2) GB201402834D0 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2602823A (en) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-20 Stewan Kukard Gideon Radiator surface extender

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1716459A (en) * 1925-02-14 1929-06-11 Murray Radiator
CH500460A (de) * 1970-05-11 1970-12-15 Runtal Holding Co Sa Konvektorheizkörper
NL7407089A (nl) * 1973-10-26 1975-04-29 Erbsloeh Julius & August Door strengpersen verkregen element uit licht- metaal voor de vervaardiging van buisregis- ter-verwarmingslichamen.
GB2031577A (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-04-23 Johnson C Insulated heat shield and convector unit
EP2163841A2 (de) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-17 Herbert Freund Plattenheizkörper mit wenigstens einer im Wesentlichen flächigen Heizplatte und wenigstens einem daran angeordneten Konvektionskörper
FR2947614A1 (fr) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-07 Alain Galmes Radiateur convecteur + accumulation en profils aluminium electrique et a eau chaude
WO2012004971A1 (ja) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-12 パナソニック株式会社 輻射暖房装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1426716A (en) * 1972-03-10 1976-03-03 Conex Sanbra Ltd Convector space heating or cooling apparatus
ES2217989B1 (es) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-16 Fagor, S.Coop. Aparato calefactor electrico de conveccion natural.
GB2474856B (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-09-28 Gary Banks Radiator cabinet - A method of communicating air between primary and secondary zones
GB2516013B (en) * 2013-07-03 2016-06-15 Cowling Gary Anti-ligature radiator cover with low surface temperature

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1716459A (en) * 1925-02-14 1929-06-11 Murray Radiator
CH500460A (de) * 1970-05-11 1970-12-15 Runtal Holding Co Sa Konvektorheizkörper
NL7407089A (nl) * 1973-10-26 1975-04-29 Erbsloeh Julius & August Door strengpersen verkregen element uit licht- metaal voor de vervaardiging van buisregis- ter-verwarmingslichamen.
GB2031577A (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-04-23 Johnson C Insulated heat shield and convector unit
EP2163841A2 (de) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-17 Herbert Freund Plattenheizkörper mit wenigstens einer im Wesentlichen flächigen Heizplatte und wenigstens einem daran angeordneten Konvektionskörper
FR2947614A1 (fr) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-07 Alain Galmes Radiateur convecteur + accumulation en profils aluminium electrique et a eau chaude
WO2012004971A1 (ja) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-12 パナソニック株式会社 輻射暖房装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2602823A (en) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-20 Stewan Kukard Gideon Radiator surface extender

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2908060B1 (de) 2017-08-30
GB201402834D0 (en) 2014-04-02
GB2524373A (en) 2015-09-23
GB2524373B (en) 2017-12-06
GB2524373A9 (en) 2017-02-15
GB201501357D0 (en) 2015-03-11

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