EP2906371B1 - Extrusion press die assembly - Google Patents
Extrusion press die assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2906371B1 EP2906371B1 EP13845959.9A EP13845959A EP2906371B1 EP 2906371 B1 EP2906371 B1 EP 2906371B1 EP 13845959 A EP13845959 A EP 13845959A EP 2906371 B1 EP2906371 B1 EP 2906371B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- die
- billet
- plate
- die body
- interior surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/005—Continuous extrusion starting from solid state material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/08—Dies or mandrels with section variable during extruding, e.g. for making tapered work; Controlling variation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
- B21C23/085—Making tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
Definitions
- the die assembly 1 may be used for forming an extruded material in any suitable extrusion system, including, for example, the extrusion press system described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/650,977, filed October 12, 2012 .
- the die assembly 1 may be implemented in the extrusion press system 57 shown in Figure 2 for continuous material extrusion.
- the extrusion press system 57 includes a mandrel carriage section 58 and a platen structure section 59.
- the mandrel carriage section 58 includes a mandrel bar 74, water clamps or cooling elements 60 and 61, mandrel grips or gripping elements 62 and 63, and a billet delivery system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Description
- Tubing material, such as metal piping formed from copper, aluminum, metal alloy, or other metals, is often manufactured by extrusion processes. In an extrusion process, a large block of metal, referred to as a billet, is worked through a die structure having a circular or other configuration with an opening smaller than the size of the billet used to form the tubing material. The billet may be pre-heated to a high temperature before a piercing rod is forced through the center of the billet to form a channel therethrough. A large pressure, typically on the order of 6.9 MPa - 689.5 MPa (1,000 to 100,000 pounds-per-square-inch), is then applied to the billet to force the pre-heated material over the piercing rod and through the die opening. The pressure forces the material to deform and extrude, exiting the back of the die as a tube having a diameter similar to the diameter of the opening of the die.
- In order to produce large quantities of metal tubing by extrusion, large billets and manufacturing machinery are required, and billets used in extrusion processes to create metal tubing often reach or exceed 453.6 kg (1,000 pounds in weight). The size of the machines and billets requires large manufacturing facilities to produce the tubing, and the size requirements of the extrusion process lead to large start-up and maintenance costs for the manufacturing operation. Furthermore, limitations of the processes, such as extruding only one billet at a time, lead to inefficiencies from billet sizes.
JP 2005 000992 A - The subject-matter of the invention is defined by the features of independent claim 1. Further preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
- Disclosed herein are systems, devices and methods for extruding materials using a rotating extrusion press die assembly. In certain embodiments, the systems, devices and methods allow for continuous extrusion of a plurality of material billets. Such continuous extrusion allows for relatively smaller billets to be efficiently used to produce a desired quantity of extruded material, and therefore the scale and size requirements of such continuous extrusion press systems can be smaller than conventional extrusions processes.
- In one aspect, a die assembly for extruding a material includes a plurality of die plates coupled together to form a die body. The die body has a passage defining an entrance and an exit, and the diameter of the exit is smaller than the diameter of the entrance. A tapered surface is located between the entrance and the exit. Each of the die plates has a center bore with a tapered interior surface around the center bore, and an interior surface of a center bore in a first die plate is tapered at a smaller angle relative to an axis of the passage than an interior surface of a center bore in a second die plate positioned adjacent to a front face of the first die plate. A base is coupled to the die body, and rotation of the base causes the die body to rotate.
- In certain implementations, the second die plate is positioned nearer to the entrance of the die body than the first die plate. The die assembly may include a third die plate having a center bore with an interior surface that is tapered at a larger angle relative to the axis than an interior surface of a center bore in a die plate positioned adjacent to a front face of the third die plate. The die plate positioned adjacent to the front face of the third die plate may be the first die plate, and the third die plate may be positioned nearer to the exit of the die body than the first die plate.
- In certain implementations, the die assembly includes a third plate that forms a portion of the die body, and the third plate has a central bore with an interior surface around the center bore that is not tapered at an angle relative to the axis of the passage. The center bore of the third plate defines the entrance of the die body. In certain implementations, the base includes a center bore, and the center bore of the base has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of the die body exit.
- In certain implementations, the die body is configured to receive a billet of material for extrusion, and the billet is not pre-heated before entering the die body. Rotation of the die body creates friction between the tapered interior surface and a billet advanced through the entrance and into the interior passage of the die body. The friction heats the billet to a temperature that is sufficient to cause deformation of the billet material, and the heated billet is deformable under a deformation force that does not exceed mechanical property limits of the billet material. Friction between the billet and a mandrel over which the billet is advanced heats the billet and the mandrel. A cooling system provides cooling fluid to an interior portion of the mandrel.
- In certain implementations, at least one of the die plates is formed from two different materials, with a first material forming a perimeter of a bore in the die plate and a second material forming an outer portion of the die plate. At least one of the first and second materials is a ceramic material, a steel, or a consumable material. In certain implementations, a front face of the die body near the entrance is configured to mate with a centering insert having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the entrance. The centering insert and a perimeter of the entrance are formed from the same material.
- In certain implementations, the die body is configured to receive a mandrel tip through the entrance such that the mandrel tip is positionable within the interior passage of the die body. The interior surface of the die body includes a complementary portion having an angle that corresponds to an angle of an outer surface of the mandrel tip. The die body is configured to receive a billet pressed through the interior passage of the die body to form an extruded product, the extruded product having an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the exit of the die body and an inner diameter corresponding to a diameter of the mandrel tip.
- The foregoing and other objects and advantages will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like-referenced characters refer to like parts throughout.
-
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an illustrative extrusion press die assembly. -
Figure 2 shows a side elevation view of an illustrative extrusion press system. -
Figure 3 shows a side elevation view of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 4 shows an illustrative steel end holder of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 5 shows an illustrative entry plate of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 6 shows an illustrative first intermediate plate of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 7 shows an illustrative second intermediate plate of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 8 shows an illustrative exit plate of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 9 shows an illustrative base plate of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 10 shows an illustrative cross-section view of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 . -
Figure 11 shows an illustrative mandrel bar tip. -
Figure 12 shows an illustrative cross-section of the extrusion press die assembly ofFigure 1 with the mandrel bar tip ofFigure 11 advanced into the die assembly. -
Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the die assembly and mandrel bar tip ofFigure 12 during extrusion of a material. - To provide an overall understanding of the systems, methods, and devices described herein, certain illustrative embodiments will be described. The embodiments described herein relate to extruding metal tubing from hollow billets, it will be understood that the systems, devices, and methods described herein may be adapted and applied to systems for extruding any suitable type of material.
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Figure 1 shows a die assembly 1 for forming extruded tubing, which may include seamless extruded tubing, in a press extrusion system. The die assembly 1 may provide for continuous extrusion of a plurality of billets to produce a seamless extruded tubing product according to various seamless tubing standards including, for example, the ASTM-B88 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube. The seamless extruded tubing may also comply with the standards under NSF/ANSI-61 for Drinking Water System Components. The die assembly 1 includes amandrel bar 10 over which material billets, such asbillet 17, are passed in the direction of arrow A and through the die assembly to form an extruded tubing product. Thebillet 17 may be formed from any suitable material for use in extrusion press systems including, but not limited to, various metals including copper and copper alloys, or any other suitable non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, nickel, titanium, and alloys thereof, ferrous metals including steel and other iron alloys, polymers such as plastics, or any other suitable material or combinations thereof. The billets passing over themandrel bar 10 are advanced through acentering insert 9 and adie body 18, which is composed of a stack of die plates 3-7 and abase plate 8, and through acooling system 13 to form the tube product. While die assembly 1 includes five plates coupled to a base plate, a die assembly may include more plates or fewer plates, and a die body may be longer or shorter than the diebody 18 in certain applications. - During extrusion, the die
body 18 rotates whilebillet 17 is pressed through the die body. Thebillet 17 is held bygrippers 44 of the centeringinsert 9, which does not rotate, and thus thebillet 17 does not rotate as it enters therotating die body 18 at theentrance 11 to the center passage through the die body. The rotation of thedie body 18 creates friction with the outer surface of thenon-rotating billet 17 as it is pressed through the die, and the friction heats thebillet 17 to a temperature sufficient for the billet material to deform. For example, a metal billet may be heated by the friction to a temperature greater than 537.8° C (1000°F) for deformation. The temperature requirements of different materials and different metals may vary, and billet temperatures less than 537.8° C (1000°F) may be suitable in some applications. In contrast to other extrusion systems, the die assembly 1 does not require pre-heating of billets before extrusion, as the rotation of thedie body 18 and the friction created by contact with thenon-rotating billet 17 provide energy that heats the billet to a deformable temperature. - The die assembly 1 may be used for forming an extruded material in any suitable extrusion system, including, for example, the extrusion press system described in
U.S. Patent Application No. 13/650,977, filed October 12, 2012 extrusion press system 57 shown inFigure 2 for continuous material extrusion. Theextrusion press system 57 includes amandrel carriage section 58 and aplaten structure section 59. Themandrel carriage section 58 includes amandrel bar 74, water clamps orcooling elements gripping elements mandrel carriage section 58 is supported by a physical carriage structure, which is not shown inFigure 2 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing, but which carriage structure serves as a mount for the components of themandrel carriage 58. Theplaten structure section 59 includes anentry platen 65 and arear die platen 66, press-ram platens platen 69, and arotating die 70 that presses against therear die platen 66. Theplaten structure section 59 is supported by aframe 71 that also serves as a mount for themotor 72 and related gearbox components (not shown). The direction along which billet loading, transport, and extrusion occurs according to theextrusion press system 57 is denoted by arrow B. Theextrusion press system 57 may be operated, at least in part, by a PLC system that controls aspects of thebillet delivery subsystem 77,extrusion subsystem 78, and a cooling subsystem of theextrusion press system 57 - The mandrel grips 62, 63 comprise a mandrel
bar gripping system 73 designed to hold the mandrel bar in place while allowing a plurality of billets to be continuously fed along and about themandrel bar 74 to provide for continuous extrusion. The mandrel grips 62, 63 may be controlled by the PLC system to securely hold in place and prevent themandrel bar 74 from rotating such that at any given time during the extrusion process, at least one of the mandrel grips 62, 63 is gripping themandrel bar 74. The mandrel grips 62, 63 set the position of themandrel bar 74 and prevent themandrel bar 74 from rotating. When the mandrel grips 62, 63 are in a gripping position, thereby gripping themandrel bar 74, the mandrel grips 62, 63 prevent billets from being transported along themandrel bar 74 through the grips. - The mandrel grips 62, 63 operate by alternately gripping the
mandrel bar 74 to allow one or more billets to pass through a respective mandrel grip at a given time. For example, theupstream mandrel grip 62 may release themandrel bar 74 while thedownstream mandrel grip 63 is gripping themandrel bar 74. At any given time, at least one of the mandrel grips 62, 63 is preferably gripping or otherwise engaged with themandrel bar 74. One or more billets queued or indexed near theupstream mandrel grip 62, or being transported along themandrel bar 74, may pass through the openupstream mandrel grip 62. After a specified number of billets have passed through the openupstream mandrel grip 62, themandrel gripper 62 may close and thereby return to gripping themandrel bar 74, and the billets may be advanced to the downstreamgripping element 63. The downstreamgripping element 63 may remain closed, thereby gripping themandrel bar 74, or thedownstream mandrel grip 63 may open after theupstream mandrel grip 62 re-grips themandrel bar 74. Although twomandrel grips extrusion press system 57, it will be understood that any suitable number of mandrel grips may be provided. - The water clamps 60, 61 comprise a mandrel bar
water delivery system 75 designed to supply cooling water along the interior of themandrel bar 74 to the mandrel bar tip during the extrusion process. The water clamps 60, 61 may be controlled by the PLC system to continuously supply process cooling water to the mandrel bar during the extrusion process while allowing a plurality of billets to be continuously feed along and about themandrel bar 74. The water clamps 60, 61 operate such that there is no or substantially no interruption to the supply of process cooling water to the mandrel bar tip during the extrusion process. Similar to the operation of the mandrel grips 62, 63 discussed above, when the water clamps 60, 61 are clamped to or engaged with themandrel bar 74, the water clamps 60, 61 prevent billets from being transported along themandrel bar 74 through the water clamps. - The water clamps 60, 61 operate such that at any given time during the extrusion at least one of the water clamps is clamped to or engaged with the
mandrel bar 74 and thereby delivers cooling water into themandrel bar 74 for delivery to the tip of the mandrel bar. When a billet passes through one of the water clamps 60, 61, the respective water clamp discontinues delivering cooling water and releases or disengages themandrel bar 74 to allow the billet to pass therethrough before re-clamping themandrel bar 74 and continuing to deliver cooling water. While one of the water clamps 60, 61 is unclamped or disengaged from themandrel bar 74, the other water clamp continues to deliver cooling water to the mandrel bar. - For example, the
upstream water clamp 60 may release themandrel bar 74 while thedownstream water clamp 61 is clamped to themandrel bar 74. At any given time, at least one of the water clamps 60, 61 is preferably clamped to themandrel bar 74 to continuously deliver cooling water. One or more billets queued or indexed near theupstream water clamp 60, or being transported along themandrel bar 74, may pass through the openupstream water clamp 60. After a specified number of billets has passed through the openupstream water clamp 60, thewater clamp 60 may close and thereby return to clamping themandrel bar 74 and delivering cooling water, and the billets may be advanced to thedownstream water clamp 61. Thedownstream water clamp 61 may remain closed, thereby clamping themandrel bar 74, or thedownstream water clamp 61 may open after theupstream water clamp 60 re-clamps to themandrel bar 74. Although two water clamps 60, 61 are shown in theextrusion press system 57, it will be understood that any suitable number of water clamps may be provided. - The
mandrel bar 74 extends along substantially the length of theextrusion press system 57 and is positioned to place the mandrel bar tip through therotating die 70. Therotating die 70 may incorporate thedie body 18 shown inFigure 1 . The adjustment to properly position the mandrel bar tip through thedie 70 is accomplished by moving themandrel carriage section 58, thus moving themandrel bar 74. The adjustments to themandrel bar 74 and themandrel carriage section 58 may be towards or away from thedie 70. Themandrel bar 74 and themandrel carriage section 58 preferably cannot be adjusted while theextrusion press system 57 is in operation, although it will be understood that in certain embodiments themandrel bar 74 and/ormandrel carriage section 58 may be adjusted during operation. - As discussed above, the
extrusion press system 57 includes aplaten structure section 59 having anentry platen 65 and arear die platen 66, press-ram platens platen 69, and arotating die 70 presses against therear die platen 66. Near theentry platen 65 is the press-ram platen assembly 76 that includes a first press-ram platen 67, or A-Ram, and a second press-ram platen 68, or B-Ram. The first and second press-ram platens platen 69, which grips the billets and prevents the billets from rotating prior to entering therotating die 70, which presses against therear die platen 66. - The press-
ram platens stack 70. At any given time at least one of the press-ram platens mandrel bar 74 to provide the constant pushing force. The press-ram platens billet delivery subsystem 77 before the billet enters the centeringinsert 69 and therotating die 70 of theextrusion subsystem 78. Similar to the billet feed track section before theentry platen 65, the section prior to the press-ram platens ram platens - As discussed above, the press-
rams rotating die 70. The press-rams rotating die 70 and then ungripping the advanced billets and retracting for the next gripping/advancing cycle. There is preferably an overlap between the time when one press-ram stops pushing and the other press-ram is about to start pushing so that there is always uniform pressure on therotating die 70. The press-rams ram cylinders ram cylinders 80 is located on the left and right of the entry platen 65 (although the right-side press-ram cylinder is hidden from view behind the left-side press-ram cylinder). The first set of press-ram cylinders 80 couples with the first press-ram platen 67 and is configured to move the first press-ram 67 as the first press-ram 67 advances billets and retracts to grab a following billet. A second set of press-ram cylinders 79 is located to the top and bottom of theentry platen 65. The second set of press-ram cylinders 79 couples with the second press-ram platen 68 and is configured to move the second press-ram 68 as the second press-ram 68 advances billets and retracts to grab a following billet. Although two press-ram cylinders are shown for each of the first and second press-ram platens rams - The centering
platen 69 receives billets advanced by the press-rams rotating die 70. When the centeringplaten 69 is positioned in place for the extrusion process, the centeringplaten 69 substantially becomes part of the extrusion die 70. That is, a centering insert of the centeringplaten 69 substantially abuts therotating die 70. The centeringplaten 69 itself, however, and the components therein including the centering insert, do not rotate with therotating die 70. The centeringplaten 69 prevents the billets that are no longer held by the second press-ram from rotating while thedie 70 rotates by gripping the billets and thereby preventing the billets from rotating prior to entry of the billets into therotating die 70. - Referring back to the die assembly 1 of
Figure 1 , when the assembly is used in an extrusion process, for example in the extrusion system ofFigure 2 , the centeringinsert 9 is advanced to the front edge of thedie body 18, such that afront surface 55 of the centeringinsert 9 contacts afront surface 16 of thedie body 18. This orientation of thedie body 18 and the centeringinsert 9 during extrusion is shown inFigure 3 . In this orientation, the contact between thefaces insert 9 and diebody 18, respectively, prevents material from escaping thedie body 18 during the extrusion process. To begin the extrusion, abillet 17 is advanced over themandrel bar 10 in the direction of arrow A and through the die assembly 1 to press thebillet 17 into an extruded tube product. Before entering the die assembly 1, thebillet 17 is advanced into theopening 15 of the centeringinsert 9, wheregrippers 44 engage the outer surface of thebillet 17. As thebillet 17 is advanced through theopening 15, thesegrippers 44 prevent rotation of thebillet 17 when thebillet 17 is contacted by the rotatinginterior surface 14 of thedie body 18. - While the
billet 17 and centeringinsert 9 do not rotate during the extrusion process, thedie body 18 andbase plate 8 to which the die body is connected are rotated by the motor-drivenspindle 56. As thebillet 17 is advanced through the centeringinsert 9, it passes through theentrance 11 of thedie body 18 and contacts theinterior surface 14 of thedie body 18. A torsional force is applied to the outer surface of thebillet 17 due to the interference contact between therotating die 18 and thebillet 17. Thegrippers 44 of the centeringinsert 9 resist this torsional force and prevent thebillet 17 from rotating before it enters thedie body 18, creating friction and producing the energy that heats thebillet 17. - The profile of the tapered
interior surface 14 of thedie body 18 is defined by the shape and orientation of central bores that pass through the plates in thedie body 18. Thedie body 18 is formed of a stack of die plates, including asteel end holder 3, a first, second andthird die plate entry plate 4, a firstintermediate plate 5 and, a secondintermediate plate 6, and anexit plate 7. This series of plates that makes up thedie body 18 are stacked together, secured to one another by a fastener, such as thebolt 2 inFigure 1 , and connected to thebase plate 8. Thebolt 2 is placed into each of the through-holes 12, which pass through each of the plates 3-8. Thebase plate 8 is then coupled to motor-drivenspindle 56, which rotates theplate 8, as well as the plates 3-7 of thedie body 18. In certain implementations, a die body may be employed that includes more or fewer than the five plates 3-7 shown indie body 18. - The
interior surface 14 created by the central bores of the plates of thedie body 18 exhibits a tapered profile that narrows the interior passage through thedie body 18 from theentrance 11 to an exit of the passage at theexit plate 7. Thus, when force is applied to thebillet 17 to press the billet through thedie body 18, the material of thebillet 17 is extruded as the outer diameter of the material is forced to decrease to pass through each of the plates 3-7. The dimensions of the plates 3-7, and the interaction between theinterior surface 14 and thebillet 17, is described in more detail below with respect toFigures 4-13 . -
Figures 4-9 show each of the plates 3-7 in thedie body 18, and thebase plate 8 to which thedie body 18 is connected.Figure 4 shows thesteel end holder 3 of thedie body 18 that forms thefront face 16 of the die body and theentrance 11 to the interior passage of the die body. Thesteel end holder 3 includes a central circular bore 21 that defines the diameter of the openingentrance 11 when stacked in thedie body 18. As shown inFigure 4 , thesteel end holder 3 is formed from two materials, with theouter perimeter 19 of the plate formed from one material and theperimeter 20 of thebore 21 formed from a different material. The two materials that make up thesteel end holder 3 may be chosen to form complementary interfaces between thesteel end holder 3 and both the centeringinsert 9 and theentry plate 4. For example, theouter perimeter 19 may be formed of a steel, such as H13 steel, that is the same as or similar to the material that forms an outer perimeter of theentry plate 4, while thebore perimeter 20 may be formed of a different material, such as an inconel steel, that is the same as or similar to the material used to form the centeringinsert 9. By matching the material of thebore perimeter 20 and the centeringinsert 9, thefront face 23 of thebore perimeter 20 that contacts thefront face 55 of the centeringinsert 9 provides a complementary interface that reduces wear when the die assembly 1 is in use. Because thedie body 18 rotates and the centeringinsert 9 remains stationary, friction may be created between theface 23 and theface 55. By forming thebore perimeter 20 and the centeringinsert 9 from the same material or similar materials, along with adjusting the pressure ofsurface 55 againstsurface 16, the wearing effect of this friction can be minimized, particularly during start up and shut down of the extrusion process when rotation of thedie body 18 starts or stops. - The second plate in the
die body 18 is theentry plate 4, shown inFigure 5 . As with thesteel end holder 3, theentry plate 4 is formed from two different materials. One material forms theouter perimeter 25 of the plate while a second material forms thebore perimeter 24 around thecentral bore 26 through the center of the plate. Theouter perimeter 25 may be made of the same material or a similar material as the outer perimeter of thesteel end holder 3, for example H13 steel material. Theperimeter 24 of thebore 26 is formed from a wear-resistant material, for example a ceramic material, that resists degradation when a billet, such asbillet 17, is pressed through thebore 26 and contacts theinterior surface 27. - The
entry plate 4 begins the taper of theinterior surface 14 of thedie body 18 from theentrance 11 to the exit of the die body. Theinterior surface 27 of theperimeter 24 is angled such that the diameter across the diameter of the center bore 26 is greater at the front face of theplate 4 that abuts the back face of thesteel end holder 3 and smaller at the back face of theentry plate 4 that abuts the firstintermediate plate 5. Whenbillet 17, having a diameter that is equal to the diameter of thebore 26 at the front face, is pressed through theentry plate 4, the tapering of thesurface 27 creates friction between therotating plate 4 and thebillet 17. This friction generates energy that heats thebillet 17 as it is advanced into therotating die body 18, beginning the deformation of the billet through the taperedinterior surface 14. In contrast to extrusion processes in which contact between a pre-heated billet and a non-rotating die creates heat energy as a by-product, the friction heating of the non-pre-heated billet 17 is necessary for extrusion as it is needed to heat the billet to a temperature adequate for deformation. -
Figure 6 shows the firstintermediate plate 5 that is located behind theentry plate 4 in the stack of plates that make up thedie body 18. The firstintermediate plate 5 includes anouter perimeter 29, formed from a first material, and abore perimeter 28, formed from a second material. Theouter perimeter 29 may be formed of the same materials or similar materials as the outer perimeters of the other plates in the stack, for example an H13 steel.Perimeter 28 of the center bore 30 through the plate is formed from a wear-resistant material, for example a ceramic material, as discussed with respect to boreperimeter 24 of theentry plate 4. Theinner surface 31 of thebore perimeter 28 is tapered from the front face of the firstintermediate plate 5 that abuts theentry plate 4 in the stack to the back face of the firstintermediate plate 5 that abuts the secondintermediate plate 6 in the plate stack. The angling of theinner surface 31 tapers the center bore 30 from the front face to the rear face and further tapers the interior passage andsurface 14 of thedie body 18, as discussed above with respect to the center bore 26 of theentry plate 4. - The degree at which the
inner surface 31 tapers with respect to a center axis of thecentral bore 30 in the firstintermediate plate 5 relative to the taper angle of theinner surface 27 of theentry plate 4 is dependent on the material being extruded and the total overall number of die plates. In certain implementations for a particular material, the degree at which theinner surface 31 tapers may be less than the taper angle of theinner surface 27 of theentry plate 4. This change in the angle of the inner surface and the smaller diameter of the center bore 30 relative to the center bore 26 may spread the frictional interface with thebillet 17 and the work required to deform thebillet 17 more evenly over theentry plate 4 and the firstintermediate plate 5, reducing material wear and extending the lifetime of the die plates as well as improving concentricity and uniformity of an extruded product. This spreading of work and frictional force and the correlation between materials and the degree of surface tapering is discussed more fully below with respect to the cross sections shown inFigures 10 ,12 and13 . - The second
intermediate plate 6, which follows the firstintermediate plate 5 in the die stack, is shown inFigure 7 . Similar to plates 3-5, the secondintermediate plate 6 has anouter perimeter 32, formed of a first material, and aperimeter 33 around a center bore 34, formed of the second material. The first material that formsouter perimeter 32 may be the same as or similar to the other plates in the stack, for example an H13 steel, and the material that forms thebore perimeter 33 may be a wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic. Theinterior surface 35 of theperimeter 33 around thecentral bore 34 is angled from a front face of theplate 6 that abuts the firstintermediate plate 5 to a back face of theplate 6 that abuts theexit plate 7. - The final plate in the plate stack that makes up the
die body 18 is theexit plate 7, which is shown inFigure 8 . Theexit plate 7, similar to plates 3-6, has anouter perimeter 36 formed from a first material, such as an H13 steel, and aperimeter 37 around acentral bore 38 formed from a second material, for example a wear-resistant ceramic. The diameter ofexit plate 7 is substantially smaller than the diameter of theopening 11 at thesteel end holder 3 shown inFigure 4 as a result of the tapering of theinterior surface 14 from thesteel end holder 3 to theexit plate 7. Theinterior surface 39 that surrounds thecentral bore 38 ofexit plate 7 is angled with respect to a central axis of the center bore 38. The narrowest section of the center bore 38 defines the narrowest portion of the passage through thedie body 18, and thus sets the outer diameter of an extruded tube that is produced when abillet 17 is pressed through thedie body 18. This diameter and the dimensions of the extruded product created using the die assembly 1 are discussed in more detail below with respect toFigure 13 . -
Figure 9 shows thebase plate 8, which couples the stacked plates that form thedie body 18 to a rotational power source. For example, as shown inFigures 1 and3 , thebase plate 8 in the die assembly 1 couples thedie body 18 to aspindle 56. Thespindle 56 is driven to rotate by a motor that powers the rotation of thespindle 56 at a set rotational speed. Thespindle 56 is connected to thebase plate 8 by bolts which pass through outer through-holes 43 around the perimeter of thebase plate 8 and transfer the rotational force of thespindle 56 to thebase plate 8. Thebase plate 8 is also rotationally coupled to the plates in thedie body 18 by bolts, such asbolt 2 shown inFigure 1 , that pass through the through-holes 12 of thedie body 18 and into theholes 42 in thebase plate 8. - The
base plate 8 includes acentral bore 40 having aninterior surface 41. Thebore 40 and theinterior surface 41 define an opening in thebase plate 8 that may have a wider diameter than the diameter of the bore in theexit plate 7. The wider diameter of the base plate bore 40 allows the extruded material to exit thedie body 18 without directly contacting theinterior surface 41 and may allow for a cooling component, such as a fluid source, to partially enter thebase plate 8 and apply a cooling fluid to extruded material exiting theexit plate 7 near the exit of thedie body 18. Theexit plate 7 may also include a relief angle near the back face of the plate that further facilitates the application of cooling fluid, as discussed below with respect toFigure 13 . - The die assembly 1 is assembled prior to extrusion by stacking plates 3-7 and connecting the
die body 18 formed by the plates to thebase plate 8 with bolts placed into the through-holes 12 of the die body plates and into theholes 42 of the base plate. The stacking of these plates to form thedie body 18 forms the interior profile of thedie body 18 that causes extrusion of billets pressed through the die assembly 1. This inner profile and the orientation of the stacked plates are shown in the cross-sectional view of the die assembly 1 inFigure 10 . - The cross section in
Figure 10 shows thedie body 18 and the centeringinsert 9 positioned for extrusion. The die plates 3-7 are coupled together and fastened to thebase plate 8 bybolts 2 inserted into the series of through-holes 12 in theouter perimeters opening 11 of theinterior passage 54 in thedie body 18 is aligned with the centeringinsert 9 to receive a billet pressed through theopening 15 of the centeringinsert 9 and into thedie body 18 along thecenter axis 45 of theinterior passage 54. - Each of the
bore perimeters interior surface 14 that outlines theinterior passage 54 through thedie body 18. Theinner surface 14 narrows theinterior passage 54 from the largest diameter of the passage at theopening 11 to the smallest diameter at theexit 81, and the narrowing of thepassage 54 causes the narrowing deformation and extrusion of a billet pressed into therotating die body 18 during operation. The extrusion requires friction energy to be produced at the interface of theinner surface 14 to heat the billet, and the energy can create wear on the bore perimeters of the die plates 3-7. To reduce the effect of the friction wear and produce uniform stresses across theinterior surface 14 during extrusion, theinner surfaces interior surface 14 may differ for different applications, and in particular for the extrusion of different materials. Depending on the material properties of billets used for extrusion, for example heat transfer properties that may affect the heating of the billets during extrusion, the inner profile of die plates in a die body may be varied to spread work and wear over the die plates. In addition, the die rotation speed may be varied to increase the efficiency of the die and avoid exceeding material properties of the billets. For example, a die rotation speed between about 200 rpm and about 1000 rpm may be used. In certain implementations, a slower rotation speed, for example about 300 rpm, may be desired to avoid applying a high level of torsional sheer to a billet while still heating the billet to a sufficient temperature for deformation. A faster speed, for example about 800 rpm, may be used for a material that is not adversely affected by a higher torsional sheer or that requires more energy, and thus greater friction, to heat to a deformation temperature. In other implementations, die rotation speeds in excess of 100 rpm may be desired for extrusion. - As shown in
Figure 10 , theinner surfaces central axis 45. Each surface in the depicted die is tapered at an angle that decreases from theentry plate 4 near theopening 11 to exitplate 7 at theexit 81. This decreasing angle design may be desired for a particular extrusion material or application of the die assembly 1. In the embodiment shown inFigure 10 , theangle 46 at which theinterior surface 27 of theentry plate 4 is tapered is greater than theangle 47 at which theinterior surface 39 of theexit plate 7 is tapered. The differences in taper angles between the plates spreads the frictional energy and stress over the plates as a result of the differences in diameters of the center bores from theopening 11 to theexit 81. - Each plate has an entrance diameter, for example diameter d5 of
plate 4, and an exit diameter, for example diameter d7 ofplate 4. When a billet is pressed into the plate, a threshold amount of energy must be generated to heat and deform the billet from the diameter d5 to the diameter d7. This amount of energy is affected by the percent reduction in diameter, in particular the resulting percent reduction in cross-sectional area of a billet as it passes through theplate 4. If the central bores in plates 3-7 were each tapered at a single uniform angle, the diameter change from the entrance to the exit of each plate would be equal, and thus the percent reduction in billet cross-sectional area would increase for each successive plate. For example, if the absolute difference between diameters d5 and d7 ofplate 4 were equal to the absolute difference between diameters d6 and d8 ofplate 7, the percent reduction in the diameter of the central bore would be higher inplate 7 thanplate 4, and a greater amount of stress and energy could causeplate 7 to wear faster thanplate 4. - In addition to the percent area reduction of a billet over a plate, mechanical and thermal properties of the billet materials may dictate the number and design of plates in a die stack. For example, a billet material having high thermal conductivity may heat up to a deformable temperature more quickly than a material having a low thermal conductivity, and thus a shorter die with fewer plates may be used for the high conductivity material. In addition, the tapering angles of the inner surface of a die may be greater for the high conductivity material as a result of the quicker heating of the billet. In other implementations, dies of equal size having the same number of plates may be used, and the tapering angles of the dies may differ to accommodate the different thermal properties and heat the billets to a deformable temperature while spreading work and wear as evenly as possible over the die surface and the surface of a mandrel tip within the die.
- A billet pressed through the
die body 18 produces an extruded tube product throughexit 81 of thedie body 18 having an outer diameter that is similar to the diameter d8, the diameter at the narrowest portion ofexit plate 7. The inner diameter of the extruded product is selected by advancing themandrel bar 10 into thedie body 18 with a mandrel tip having an end dimension, selected to create the inner diameter of the tube product, at the end of themandrel bar 10.Figure 11 shows amandrel tip 48 that may be coupled to the end of themandrel bar 10 to create a desired inner diameter for extruded tubing. Themandrel tip 48 has anopen end 82 that is configured to couple to the end of themandrel bar 10. The friction energy and heat generated during extrusion may heat themandrel tip 48, and theopen end 82 may receive cooling fluid, such as water or gas, from a cooling system that runs through themandrel bar 10 to cool themandrel tip 48. - Opposite the
open end 82 of themandrel tip 48 is aclosed end 51. The diameter of theclosed end 51 is the dimension that sets the inner diameter of a tube extruded over thetip 48, and thetip 48 can be selected from a series of tips having different diameters to achieve extrusions with different inner diameter dimensions. Between theopen end 82 and theclosed end 51 are threeportions outer surface 84. During extrusion, a billet is pressed over themandrel bar 10 and thetip 48 in the direction of arrow C such that the billet passes over a deformation region includingtip portions end portion 50. When thetip 48 is positioned for extrusion, the tip is advanced into a die until theclosed end 51 extends beyond the rear exit of the die at which the die diameter is narrowest. A billet having a hollow core diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of thetip portion 49 is then passed over themandrel bar 10 and thetip 48. At thetip portion 49, the diameter of the surrounding die narrows, and friction between the die and the billet creates energy that heats the billet as the outer diameter of the billet is compressed. The heated billet then passes over thetip portion 83, and the inner diameter of the hollow core of the billet decreases to the outer diameter ofend portion 50 as the material extrudes. This extrusion over themandrel tip 48 is discussed in more detail below with respect toFigures 12 and13 . -
Figure 12 shows the die assembly 1 with themandrel 10 andmandrel tip 48 advanced through the centeringinsert 9 and into thecenter passage 54 of thedie body 18. Themandrel 10 is positioned such that themandrel tip 48 extends through theexit 81 in theexit plate 7. As discussed above with respect toFigure 2 , gripping elements in an extrusion press system may be used to hold themandrel bar 10 and in the orientation shown inFigure 12 and to resist rotation while thedie body 18 is rotated and a billet passes over themandrel bar 10. -
Figure 13 shows the die assembly and mandrel tip configuration ofFigure 12 as thebillet 17 is passed through thedie body 18 and extruded to formtubing 53. During extrusion, thedie body 18 is rotated while themandrel bar 10 and centeringinsert 9 are held stationary. Thebillet 17 is pressed into thedie body 18 in the direction of arrow A and contacts theinterior surface 14 of thedie body 18 at afirst contact point 85. The interference contact between theinterior surface 14 and thebillet 17 begins at thecontact point 85 and generates the energy that heats thebillet 17 to a plastic deformable temperature. - As the
billet 17 is advanced over thefirst portion 49 of themandrel tip 48, the taper of theinterior surface 14 applies a compression force to the outer surface of thebillet 17 that presses thebillet 17 inwards towards themandrel tip 48. Because thebillet 17 is in a plastic deformation state, the material in the billet extrudes in the direction ofportion 83 ofmandrel tip 48 as thedie body 18 decreases the outer diameter of thebillet 17 from the original diameter d2. When thebillet 17 reaches thetip portion 83, the taper of thetip portion 83 towards theend portion 50 causes the inner diameter of thebillet 17 to extrude and decrease from the original diameter d1 as the billet advances further over themandrel tip 48. The tapered surface of themandrel tip 48 at thetip portion 83 may substantially correspond to the angle of theinterior surface 14 in the area surrounding thetip portion 83 to create substantially uniform extrusion in that portion. For example, the outer and inner diameters of thebillet 17 may decrease by substantially the same amount or by substantially the same percentage from the end oftip portion 83 proximatefirst tip portion 49 to the end oftip portion 83proximate end portion 50. - When the extruding
billet 17 reaches theend portion 50, the inner diameter of the billet is reduced from the original diameter d1 to the final diameter d3 of the end tubing product. As thebillet 17 passes over theend portion 50, the outer diameter of thebillet 17 continues to decrease to the final outer diameter d4 when the extrudedtubing product 53 exits theexit plate 7. At the point of exit, the formation of the extrudedproduct 53 is complete. Due to the friction and heating within thedie body 18, theproduct 53 is at a heightened temperature upon exit from thedie body 18, and a cooling element may be applied to prevent further deformation or increase operational safety of the extrusion press, eliminate the escape of extruded material, or maintain desired material characteristics. Thebore 40 in thebase plate 8 is shown inFigure 13 with a diameter larger than the exit diameter of theexit plate 7. This configuration may be preferable in order to allow cooling elements and cooling fluid to reach into thebase plate 8 and contact the extrudedproduct 53 as soon as it exits the final bearing in theexit plate 7 for earlier cooling. Theexit plate 7 includes anangled relief surface 86 to further facilitate the introduction of a fluid material as near as possible to theexit 81 of thedie body 18. After theproduct 53 exits thebase plate 8 and passing through a cooling system, the extrusion process is complete, and theproduct 53 may be gathered for post-processing. - It is to be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative and is not to be limited to the details given here in. While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods and their components may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
- A die assembly for extruding a material, comprising:a plurality of die plates (4, 5, 6, 7) coupled together to form a die body (18) having:a passage defining an entrance (11) and an exit (81), wherein the diameter of the exit is smaller than the diameter of the entrance (11); anda tapered interior surface between the entrance (11) and the exit;wherein each of the die plates (4, 5, 6, 7) has a center bore with an interior surface around the center bore, an interior surface of a center bore in a first die plate (5) being tapered at a smaller angle relative to an axis (45) of the passage than an interior surface of a center bore in a second die plate (4) positioned adjacent to a front face of the first die plate (5); anda base (8) coupled to the die body (18), wherein rotation of the base (8) causes the die body (18) to rotate.
- The die assembly of claim 1, wherein the second die plate (4) is positioned nearer to the entrance (11) of the die body (18) than the first die plate (5).
- The die assembly of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a third die plate (6) having a center bore with an interior surface that is tapered at a larger angle relative to the axis (45) than an interior surface of a center bore in a die plate positioned adjacent to a front face of the third die plate (6).
- The die assembly of claim 3, wherein the die plate positioned adjacent to the front face of the third die plate (6) is the first die plate (5), or wherein the third die plate (6) is positioned nearer to the exit of the die body (18) than the first die plate (5).
- The die assembly of claim 1, further comprising a steel end holder (3) that forms a portion of the die body (18), the steel end holder (3) having a center bore with an interior surface around the center bore that is not tapered at an angle relative to the axis.
- The die assembly of claim 5, wherein the center bore of the steel end holder (3) defines the entrance (11) of the die body (18).
- The die assembly of any of claims 1-6, wherein the base (8) comprises a center bore, and wherein the center bore of the base (8) has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of the die body exit (81).
- The die assembly of any of claims 1-7, wherein the entrance (11) of the die body (18) is configured to receive a billet (17) of material for extrusion.
- The die assembly of claim 8, wherein the die body (18) is configured to be rotated such that the interaction between the tapered interior surface and the billet (17) creates friction between the tapered interior surface and a billet advanced through the entrance (11) and into the interior passage of the die body (18), wherein the friction heats the billet (17) to a temperature that is sufficient to cause deformation of the billet material.
- The die assembly of claim 9, wherein the die body (18) is configured to be rotated such that said interaction deforms the heated billet under a deformation force that does not exceed mechanical property limits of the billet material.
- The die assembly of claim 10, further comprising a mandrel (10) that is configured to receive a billet, wherein friction between the billet and the mandrel (10) over which the billet is advanced heats the billet and the mandrel and preferably, wherein a cooling system provides cooling fluid to an interior portion of the mandrel (10).
- The die assembly of any of claims 1-11, wherein at least one of the die plates (4, 5, 6, 7) is formed from two different materials, with a first material forming a perimeter of a bore in the die plate and a second material forming an outer portion of the die plate, wherein at least one of the first and second materials is a ceramic material, a steel, or a consumable material.
- The die assembly of any of claims 1-12, wherein a front face of the die body (18) near the entrance (11) is configured to mate with a centering insert (9) having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the entrance (11), wherein the centering insert (9) and a perimeter of the entrance (11) are formed from the same material.
- The die assembly of any of claims 1-13, wherein the die body (18) is configured to receive a mandrel tip (48) through the entrance (11) such that the mandrel tip (48) is positionable within the interior passage of the die body (18), and preferably, wherein the interior surface of the die body (18) comprises a complementary portion having an angle that corresponds to an angle of an outer surface of the mandrel tip (48).
- The die assembly of claim 1, wherein the interior surface of the center bore in the first die plate (5) and the interior surface of the center bore in the second die plate (6) comprise surface characteristics which, when material is pressed against the interior surface of the center bore in the first die plate (5) and the interior surface of the center bore in the second die plate (6), enable the material to be deformed.
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US13/650,981 US20140102159A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2012-10-12 | Extrusion press die assembly |
PCT/US2013/064571 WO2014059293A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2013-10-11 | Extrusion press die assembly |
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US (1) | US20140102159A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2906371B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6357160B2 (en) |
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CN (1) | CN104936714B (en) |
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2012
- 2012-10-12 US US13/650,981 patent/US20140102159A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-10-11 AU AU2013329044A patent/AU2013329044B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-11 BR BR112015006775-1A patent/BR112015006775B1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2013-10-11 CA CA2887230A patent/CA2887230C/en active Active
- 2013-10-11 KR KR1020157011235A patent/KR102195229B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-11 MX MX2015004146A patent/MX2015004146A/en unknown
- 2013-10-11 RU RU2015117640A patent/RU2652671C2/en active
- 2013-10-11 ES ES13845959T patent/ES2845300T3/en active Active
- 2013-10-11 MY MYPI2015000698A patent/MY178480A/en unknown
- 2013-10-11 EP EP13845959.9A patent/EP2906371B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-11 PL PL13845959T patent/PL2906371T3/en unknown
- 2013-10-11 AR ARP130103722A patent/AR093009A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-11 CN CN201380052935.8A patent/CN104936714B/en active Active
- 2013-10-11 JP JP2015536944A patent/JP6357160B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-03-05 IN IN1843DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN01843A/en unknown
- 2015-04-10 CL CL2015000909A patent/CL2015000909A1/en unknown
-
2016
- 2016-01-26 HK HK16100844.0A patent/HK1212946A1/en unknown
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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CN104936714A (en) | 2015-09-23 |
RU2015117640A (en) | 2016-12-10 |
AU2013329044B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
MY178480A (en) | 2020-10-14 |
CN104936714B (en) | 2018-02-23 |
KR20150067245A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
US20140102159A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
JP6357160B2 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
HK1212946A1 (en) | 2016-06-24 |
EP2906371A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
JP2015536243A (en) | 2015-12-21 |
IN2015DN01843A (en) | 2015-05-29 |
EP2906371A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
AR093009A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CL2015000909A1 (en) | 2015-08-21 |
WO2014059293A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
BR112015006775B1 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
HK1213840A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 |
AU2013329044A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
PL2906371T3 (en) | 2021-07-05 |
KR102195229B1 (en) | 2020-12-28 |
BR112015006775A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
CA2887230A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
MX2015004146A (en) | 2015-10-26 |
CA2887230C (en) | 2020-12-22 |
RU2652671C2 (en) | 2018-04-28 |
ES2845300T3 (en) | 2021-07-26 |
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