EP2905435B1 - Combustion engine - Google Patents

Combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2905435B1
EP2905435B1 EP15152072.3A EP15152072A EP2905435B1 EP 2905435 B1 EP2905435 B1 EP 2905435B1 EP 15152072 A EP15152072 A EP 15152072A EP 2905435 B1 EP2905435 B1 EP 2905435B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cam
combustion engine
internal combustion
exhaust gas
gas recirculation
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP15152072.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2905435A1 (en
Inventor
Carsten KOOLMANN
Gerrit SIMON
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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Publication of EP2905435A1 publication Critical patent/EP2905435A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/34413—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using composite camshafts, e.g. with cams being able to move relative to the camshaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/01—Internal exhaust gas recirculation, i.e. wherein the residual exhaust gases are trapped in the cylinder or pushed back from the intake or the exhaust manifold into the combustion chamber without the use of additional passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0471—Assembled camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/10—Providing exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine having at least one camshaft according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic internal combustion engine with a camshaft which is connected via a rocker arm with a valve.
  • the camshaft has main cams used to initiate a full valve opening and auxiliary cams used to initiate a partial valve opening having an exhaust gas recirculation function.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation rate is controlled via a valve actuation system or a valve lash control device, which acts on the rocker arm via a bushing and, depending on the rotation of the bushing by means of a tiltable mounted extension, causes the rocking lever to roll exclusively on the main cam profile or additionally on the additional cam profile.
  • the exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine is opened longer or to a second, separate stroke again, thereby allowing internal exhaust gas recirculation.
  • an internal combustion engine with at least one camshaft which has an outer shaft and a relative thereto adjustable inner shaft and being arranged on the outer shaft fixedly connected to this first cam for actuating an exhaust valve. Fixed with the inner shaft beyond second cams are provided, which allow an internal exhaust gas recirculation in an activated position.
  • the present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing for an internal combustion engine of the generic type an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a low-energy operation.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of no longer arranging a valve actuation system for internal exhaust gas recirculation on oscillating rocker arms, but rather by implementing a cam-in-cam solution, so that the entire internal exhaust gas recirculation switching mechanism is operated much more energy-efficiently can.
  • the internal combustion engine has at least one camshaft, which according to the invention comprises an outer shaft and an inner shaft which is adjustable relative thereto. On the outer shaft are fixedly arranged with this first associated cam for actuating an exhaust valve, while additionally provided with the inner shaft connected second cam, which allow the internal exhaust gas recirculation through an extended or second opening of the exhaust valve in an activated angular position.
  • the energy required for the oscillating movement of the mass of the valve operating system since this is now integrated according to the invention in the adjustable camshaft.
  • a second cam is arranged between two first cams, or vice versa.
  • a so-called multiple cam which consists of a total of three cams, namely two outer first and an inner second cam.
  • the inner second cam by means of which the internal exhaust gas recirculation is made possible, is rotatably connected, for example via a pinning with the inner shaft, whereas the second cam are rotatably mounted on the outer shaft.
  • a first and a second cam are arranged adjacent to each other.
  • a towing or tilting lever actuating the respective outlet valve runs on the cam profile of the first cams and additionally on the cam profile of the second cam. If the cam profile of the second cam lies inside the cam profile of the first cam, no internal exhaust gas recirculation takes place, but only if the cam profile of the second cam projects beyond that of the first cam. In the internal exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust valve is closed later or reopened to a second, separate stroke, so that during the intake of the internal combustion engine additionally at least a certain proportion of exhaust gas is sucked in again.
  • a transition between the first cam and the activated second cam is formed continuously.
  • a rolling track of the rocker or rocker arm should have no Knigge or jumps. Due to the steadily formed transition between the first cam profile and the second cam profile, a particularly quiet and quiet operation of the internal combustion engine can thus be ensured.
  • the internal combustion engine has a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system, which optionally may additionally have a cooling device for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas.
  • a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system for example, recirculates exhaust gas taken downstream of the turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger via a corresponding line to the internal combustion engine, with a cooling device, such as an exhaust gas cooler, can be additionally arranged in this line to increase performance.
  • a cooling device such as an exhaust gas cooler
  • an internal combustion engine 1 has a camshaft 2 with an inner shaft 4 which can be adjusted relative to an outer shaft 3.
  • On the outer shaft 3 are fixedly connected to this first cam 5 for actuating an exhaust valve 6 is arranged.
  • second cam 7 are provided, which in an activated angular position, as this according to the Fig. 1 , the right-hand representation in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 is shown, allow an internal exhaust gas recirculation.
  • Such an internal exhaust gas recirculation takes place, provided that the exhaust valve 6 during intake of the internal combustion engine 1, that is at least temporarily still open, so that when sucking the internal combustion engine 1 not only a fuel-air mixture via the inlet valve, but at the same time also something Exhaust through the exhaust valve 6 is drawn into a combustion chamber.
  • a respective second cam 7 is arranged between two first cams 5.
  • the second cam 7 is over a Pin 8 rotatably connected to the inner shaft 4, which penetrates through a circumferentially extending slot opening.
  • a transition 9 between the first cam 5 and the activated second cam 7 is formed continuously, which approximately in the right-hand illustration of Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 may of course also have a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system 10, which takes off exhaust gas downstream of an exhaust gas turbocharger 11 and feeds this back to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a cooling device 11 can be arranged for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the camshaft 2 according to the invention shown, wherein in the left view of the second cam 7 is disposed within the cam profile of the first cam 5, that is activated, whereas it is rotated in the right-hand illustration with respect to the first cam 5, so that its cam lobe 12 projects beyond the cam profile of the first cam 5. With this cam lobe 12, the exhaust valve 6 is opened again or held open for a short time, so that internal exhaust gas can be recirculated internally during an intake process of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a camshaft 2 is shown, in which in each case a first cam 5 between two second cam 7 is arranged.
  • the second cam 7 is rotatably connected via a pin 8 with the inner shaft 4, which penetrates through a circumferentially extending slot opening 13.
  • a transition 9 between the first cam 5 and the activated second cam 7 is formed continuously.
  • this transition 9 does not necessarily have to be continuous, which is in accordance with the Fig. 3 is clarified.
  • the cam elevations 12 of the first and / or the second cam 5, 7 can have a throat 14 at the transition 9.
  • the Fig. 4 In this case, no internal exhaust gas recirculation is effected, since the cam profile of the second cam 7 is located within the cam profile of the first cam 5.
  • internal exhaust gas recirculated is recirculated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einer Nockenwelle gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine having at least one camshaft according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE 603 09 536 T2 ist eine gattungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Nockenwelle bekannt, die über einen Kipphebel mit einem Ventil verbunden ist. Die Nockenwelle besitzt dabei Hauptnocken, die dazu verwendet werden eine volle Ventilöffnung einzuleiten, sowie Zusatznocken, die dazu verwendet werden eine partielle Ventilöffnung einzuleiten, die eine Abgasrückführungsfunktion hat. Die Abgasrückführrate wird dabei über ein Ventilbetätigungssystem bzw. eine Ventilspielregelvorrichtung gesteuert, die über eine Buchse auf den Kipphebel einwirkt und je nach Verdrehung der Buchse mittels einer kippbar montierten Verlängerung das Abrollen des Kipphebels ausschließlich auf dem Hauptnockenprofil oder zusätzlich auf dem Zusatznockenprofil bewirkt. Rollt dabei der Kipphebel über das Zusatznockenprofil ab, wird das Auslassventil der Brennkraftmaschine länger bzw. zu einem zweiten, separaten Hub erneut geöffnet und dadurch eine interne Abgasrückführung ermöglicht.From the DE 603 09 536 T2 a generic internal combustion engine with a camshaft is known, which is connected via a rocker arm with a valve. The camshaft has main cams used to initiate a full valve opening and auxiliary cams used to initiate a partial valve opening having an exhaust gas recirculation function. The exhaust gas recirculation rate is controlled via a valve actuation system or a valve lash control device, which acts on the rocker arm via a bushing and, depending on the rotation of the bushing by means of a tiltable mounted extension, causes the rocking lever to roll exclusively on the main cam profile or additionally on the additional cam profile. When the rocker arm rolls off via the additional cam profile, the exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine is opened longer or to a second, separate stroke again, thereby allowing internal exhaust gas recirculation.

Aus der DE 199 14 909 A1 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einer Nockenwelle bekannt, die eine Außenwelle und eine relativ dazu verstellbare Innenwelle aufweist und wobei an der Außenwelle fest mit dieser verbundene erste Nocken zur Betätigung eines Auslassventils angeordnet sind. Fest mit der Innenwelle sind darüber hinaus zweite Nocken vorgesehen, die in einer aktivierten Stellung eine interne Abgasrückführung ermöglichen.From the DE 199 14 909 A1 an internal combustion engine with at least one camshaft is known, which has an outer shaft and a relative thereto adjustable inner shaft and being arranged on the outer shaft fixedly connected to this first cam for actuating an exhaust valve. Fixed with the inner shaft beyond second cams are provided, which allow an internal exhaust gas recirculation in an activated position.

Nachteilig bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ventilbetätigungssystemen zur internen Rückführung ist jedoch oftmals, dass diese im Bereich der oszillierenden Kipphebel angebracht sind und dadurch allein für deren Bewegung vergleichsweise viel Energie aufgewendet werden muss.A disadvantage of known from the prior art valve actuation systems for internal feedback, however, is often that they are mounted in the area of the oscillating rocker arm and thereby comparatively much energy has to be expended solely for their movement.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, für eine Brennkraftmaschine der gattungsgemäßen Art eine verbesserte oder zumindest eine alternative Ausführungsform anzugeben, die sich insbesondere durch einen energieärmeren Betrieb auszeichnet.The present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing for an internal combustion engine of the generic type an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a low-energy operation.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, ein Ventilbetätigungssystem zur internen Abgasrückführung nicht mehr an oszillierenden Kipp- bzw. Schlepphebeln anzuordnen, sondern durch eine Cam-In-Cam-Lösung zu realisieren, so dass der gesamte Schaltmechanismus zur internen Abgasrückführung deutlich energieärmer betrieben werden kann. Die Brennkraftmaschine weist dabei zumindest eine Nockenwelle auf, die erfindungsgemäß eine Außenwelle sowie eine relativ dazu verstellbare Innenwelle umfasst. An der Außenwelle sind dabei fest mit dieser verbundene erste Nocken zur Betätigung eines Auslassventils angeordnet, wogegen zusätzlich fest mit der Innenwelle verbundene zweite Nocken vorgesehen sind, die in einer aktivierten Winkelstellung die interne Abgasrückführung durch eine verlängerte bzw. zweite Öffnung des Auslassventils ermöglichen. Im Unterschied zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Brennkraftmaschine entfällt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine nunmehr der Energieaufwand zur oszillierenden Bewegung der Masse des Ventilbetätigungssystems, da dies nun erfindungsgemäß in die verstellbare Nockenwelle integriert ist.The present invention is based on the general idea of no longer arranging a valve actuation system for internal exhaust gas recirculation on oscillating rocker arms, but rather by implementing a cam-in-cam solution, so that the entire internal exhaust gas recirculation switching mechanism is operated much more energy-efficiently can. The internal combustion engine has at least one camshaft, which according to the invention comprises an outer shaft and an inner shaft which is adjustable relative thereto. On the outer shaft are fixedly arranged with this first associated cam for actuating an exhaust valve, while additionally provided with the inner shaft connected second cam, which allow the internal exhaust gas recirculation through an extended or second opening of the exhaust valve in an activated angular position. In contrast to known from the prior art internal combustion engine omitted in the internal combustion engine according to the invention now the energy required for the oscillating movement of the mass of the valve operating system, since this is now integrated according to the invention in the adjustable camshaft.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist jeweils ein zweiter Nocken zwischen zwei ersten Nocken angeordnet, oder umgekehrt. Bei der ersten Alternative kann man von einem sogenannten Mehrfachnocken sprechen, der aus insgesamt drei Nocken, nämlich zwei außenliegenden ersten und einem innenliegenden zweiten Nocken besteht. Der innenliegende zweite Nocken, mittels welchem die interne Abgasrückführung ermöglicht wird, ist dabei beispielsweise über eine Verstiftung drehfest mit der Innenwelle verbunden, wogegen die zweiten Nocken drehfest auf der Außenwelle angeordnet sind. Alternativ ist es auch denkbar, dass jeweils paarweise ein erster und ein zweiter Nocken zueinander benachbart angeordnet sind.In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, in each case a second cam is arranged between two first cams, or vice versa. In the first alternative, one can speak of a so-called multiple cam, which consists of a total of three cams, namely two outer first and an inner second cam. The inner second cam, by means of which the internal exhaust gas recirculation is made possible, is rotatably connected, for example via a pinning with the inner shaft, whereas the second cam are rotatably mounted on the outer shaft. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that in pairs a first and a second cam are arranged adjacent to each other.

Sind dabei die zweiten Nocken in ihrer aktivierten Winkelstellung, so läuft ein das jeweilige Auslassventil betätigender Schlepp- bzw. Kipphebel auf dem Nockenprofil der ersten Nocken und zusätzlich auf dem Nockenprofil des zweiten Nockens ab. Liegt dabei das Nockenprofil des zweiten Nockens innerhalb des Nockenprofils der ersten Nocken findet keine interne Abgasrückführung statt, sondern ausschließlich dann, sofern das Nockenprofil des zweiten Nockens dasjenige der ersten Nocken überragt. Bei der internen Abgasrückführung wird das Auslassventil später geschlossen bzw. zu einem zweiten, separaten Hub erneut geöffnet, so dass beim Ansaugvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine zusätzlich ein zumindest gewisser Anteil an Abgas wieder angesaugt wird.If in this case the second cams are in their activated angular position, then a towing or tilting lever actuating the respective outlet valve runs on the cam profile of the first cams and additionally on the cam profile of the second cam. If the cam profile of the second cam lies inside the cam profile of the first cam, no internal exhaust gas recirculation takes place, but only if the cam profile of the second cam projects beyond that of the first cam. In the internal exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust valve is closed later or reopened to a second, separate stroke, so that during the intake of the internal combustion engine additionally at least a certain proportion of exhaust gas is sucked in again.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist ein Übergang zwischen dem ersten Nocken und dem aktivierten zweiten Nocken stetig ausgebildet. Um einen möglichst geräuscharmen und ruhigen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine gewährleisten zu können, sollte auch bei aktiviertem zweiten Nocken eine Abrollbahn des Kipp- oder Schlepphebels keine Knigge bzw. Sprünge aufweisen. Durch den stetig ausgebildeten Übergang zwischen dem ersten Nockenprofil und dem zweiten Nockenprofil kann somit ein besonders geräuscharmer und ruhiger Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine gewährleistet werden.In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, a transition between the first cam and the activated second cam is formed continuously. In order to ensure the quietest and quietest possible operation of the internal combustion engine, even with activated second cam a rolling track of the rocker or rocker arm should have no Knigge or jumps. Due to the steadily formed transition between the first cam profile and the second cam profile, a particularly quiet and quiet operation of the internal combustion engine can thus be ensured.

Zweckmäßig besitzt die Brennkraftmaschine ein Niederdruck-Abgasrückführsystem, welches optional zusätzlich eine Kühleinrichtung zur Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases aufweisen kann. Ein derartiges Niederdruck-Abgasrückführsystem leitet beispielsweise stromab der Turbine eines Abgasturbolader entnommenes Abgas über eine entsprechende Leitung zurück zur Brennkraftmaschine, wobei in dieser Leitung zur Leistungssteigerung zusätzlich eine Kühleinrichtung, beispielsweise ein Abgaskühler, angeordnet werden kann. Durch die Verringerung der Temperatur des rückgeführten Abgases ist im gleichen Volumen eine größere Luftmasse enthalten, wodurch proportional mehr Kraftstoff in der Brennkraftmaschine verbrannt werden kann. Ein derartiger Abgaskühler dient somit vornehmlich der Leistungssteigerung der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei selbstverständlich das Niederdruck-Abgasrückführsystem lediglich rein optional vorgesehen ist.Suitably, the internal combustion engine has a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system, which optionally may additionally have a cooling device for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas. Such a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system, for example, recirculates exhaust gas taken downstream of the turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger via a corresponding line to the internal combustion engine, with a cooling device, such as an exhaust gas cooler, can be additionally arranged in this line to increase performance. By reducing the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas, a larger mass of air is contained in the same volume, whereby proportionally more fuel can be burned in the internal combustion engine. Such an exhaust gas cooler thus serves primarily to increase the power of the internal combustion engine, wherein, of course, the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system is provided purely purely optional.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Dabei zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle,
Fig. 3
eine Schnittdarstellung durch zwei übereinander gelegte Nocken,
Fig. 4
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 2, jedoch bei anders angeordneten und ausgebildeten ersten/zweiten Nocken,
Fig. 5
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 4, jedoch bei aktiviertem zweiten Nocken.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a sectional view through an internal combustion engine according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a side view of a camshaft according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a sectional view through two superimposed cams,
Fig. 4
a representation like in Fig. 2 but with differently arranged and formed first / second cams,
Fig. 5
a representation like in Fig. 4 , but with activated second cam.

Entsprechend der Fig. 1 weist eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine 1 eine Nockenwelle 2 mit einer relativ zu einer Außenwelle 3 verstellbaren Innenwelle 4 auf. An der Außenwelle 3 sind dabei fest mit dieser verbundene erste Nocken 5 zur Betätigung eines Auslassventils 6 angeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß sind nun fest mit der Innenwelle 4 verbundene zweite Nocken 7 vorgesehen, die in einer aktivierten Winkelstellung, wie diese gemäß der Fig. 1, der rechten Darstellung in der Fig. 3 und Fig. 5 dargestellt ist, eine interne Abgasrückführung ermöglichen. Eine derartige interne Abgasrückführung findet statt, sofern das Auslassventil 6 beim Ansaugvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine 1, das heißt bei geöffnetem Einlassventil, zumindest zeitweilig noch geöffnet ist, so dass beim Ansaugen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 nicht nur ein Kraftstoff-LuftGemisch über das Einlassventil, sondern zugleich auch etwas Abgas über das Auslassventil 6 in einen Brennraum eingezogen wird.According to the Fig. 1 For example, an internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention has a camshaft 2 with an inner shaft 4 which can be adjusted relative to an outer shaft 3. On the outer shaft 3 are fixedly connected to this first cam 5 for actuating an exhaust valve 6 is arranged. According to the invention now connected to the inner shaft 4 second cam 7 are provided, which in an activated angular position, as this according to the Fig. 1 , the right-hand representation in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 is shown, allow an internal exhaust gas recirculation. Such an internal exhaust gas recirculation takes place, provided that the exhaust valve 6 during intake of the internal combustion engine 1, that is at least temporarily still open, so that when sucking the internal combustion engine 1 not only a fuel-air mixture via the inlet valve, but at the same time also something Exhaust through the exhaust valve 6 is drawn into a combustion chamber.

Gemäß der Fig. 2 ist dargestellt, dass jeweils ein zweiter Nocken 7 zwischen zwei ersten Nocken 5 angeordnet ist. Der zweiten Nocken 7 ist dabei über einen Stift 8 drehfest mit der Innenwelle 4 verbunden, wobei durch eine sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Langlochöffnung durchdringt. Um einen möglichst geräuscharmen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu ermöglichen, ist ein Übergang 9 zwischen dem ersten Nocken 5 und dem aktivierten zweiten Nocken 7 stetig ausgebildet, was näherungsweise in der rechten Darstellung der Fig. 3 gezeigt ist.According to the Fig. 2 it is shown that a respective second cam 7 is arranged between two first cams 5. The second cam 7 is over a Pin 8 rotatably connected to the inner shaft 4, which penetrates through a circumferentially extending slot opening. In order to enable the lowest possible operation of the internal combustion engine 1, a transition 9 between the first cam 5 and the activated second cam 7 is formed continuously, which approximately in the right-hand illustration of Fig. 3 is shown.

Zusätzlich zu der internen Abgasrückführung kann die Brennkraftmaschine 1 selbstverständlich auch ein Niederdruckabgasrückführsystem 10 besitzen, welches stromab eines Abgasturboladers 11 Abgas entnimmt und diese einem Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine 1 wieder zuführt. Im Bereich des Niederdruck-Abgasrückführsystems 10 kann darüber hinaus eine Kühleinrichtung 11 zur Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases angeordnet sein.In addition to the internal exhaust gas recirculation, the internal combustion engine 1 may of course also have a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system 10, which takes off exhaust gas downstream of an exhaust gas turbocharger 11 and feeds this back to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1. In the area of the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system 10, moreover, a cooling device 11 can be arranged for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas.

Gemäß der Fig. 3 ist eine Schnittdarstellung durch die erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle 2 gezeigt, wobei in der linken Darstellung der zweiten Nocken 7 innerhalb des Nockenprofils des ersten Nockens 5 angeordnet ist, also aktiviert ist, wogegen er in der rechten Darstellung in Bezug auf den ersten Nocken 5 verdreht ist, so dass seine Nockenerhebung 12 über das Nockenprofil des ersten Nocken 5 hinaussteht. Mit dieser Nockenerhebung 12 wird das Auslassventil 6 nochmals geöffnet bzw. kurzfristig länger geöffnet gehalten, so dass während eines Ansaugvorgangs der Brennkraftmaschine 1 Abgas intern rückgeführt werden kann.According to the Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the camshaft 2 according to the invention shown, wherein in the left view of the second cam 7 is disposed within the cam profile of the first cam 5, that is activated, whereas it is rotated in the right-hand illustration with respect to the first cam 5, so that its cam lobe 12 projects beyond the cam profile of the first cam 5. With this cam lobe 12, the exhaust valve 6 is opened again or held open for a short time, so that internal exhaust gas can be recirculated internally during an intake process of the internal combustion engine 1.

Gemäß den Fig. 4 und 5 ist eine Nockenwelle 2 dargestellt, bei welcher jeweils ein erster Nocken 5 zwischen zwei zweiten Nocken 7 angeordnet ist. Der zweiten Nocken 7 ist dabei über einen Stift 8 drehfest mit der Innenwelle 4 verbunden, wobei durch eine sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Langlochöffnung 13 durchdringt. Um einen möglichst geräuscharmen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu ermöglichen, ist ein Übergang 9 zwischen dem ersten Nocken 5 und dem aktivierten zweiten Nocken 7 stetig ausgebildet. Dieser Übergang 9 muss natürlich nicht unbedingt stetig ausgebildet sein, was gemäß der Fig. 3 verdeutlicht wird. Um den stetigen Übergang 9 zu realisieren, können die Nockenerhebungen 12 des ersten und/oder des zweiten Nockens 5, 7 am Übergang 9 eine Kehle 14 aufweisen. Gemäß der Fig. 4 wird dabei keine interne Abgasrückführung bewirkt, da sich das Nockenprofil des zweiten Nockens 7 innerhalb des Nockenprofils des ersten Nockens 5 befindet. Demgegenüber wird gemäß der Fig. 5 intern Abgas rückgeführt.According to the 4 and 5 a camshaft 2 is shown, in which in each case a first cam 5 between two second cam 7 is arranged. The second cam 7 is rotatably connected via a pin 8 with the inner shaft 4, which penetrates through a circumferentially extending slot opening 13. To minimize the noise of the internal combustion engine 1, a transition 9 between the first cam 5 and the activated second cam 7 is formed continuously. Of course, this transition 9 does not necessarily have to be continuous, which is in accordance with the Fig. 3 is clarified. In order to realize the continuous transition 9, the cam elevations 12 of the first and / or the second cam 5, 7 can have a throat 14 at the transition 9. According to the Fig. 4 In this case, no internal exhaust gas recirculation is effected, since the cam profile of the second cam 7 is located within the cam profile of the first cam 5. In contrast, according to the Fig. 5 internal exhaust gas recirculated.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen verstellbaren Nockenwelle 2 und insbesondere dem zweiten Nocken 7 ist somit erstmals eine interne Abgasrückführung möglich, bei welchem sich die zusätzliche Masse zur Steuerung der Abgasrückführrate nicht an einem Kipp- oder Schlepphebel befindet und dadurch aufwändig oszillierend bewegt werden muss, sondern erstmals als rotierende Masse in die Nockenwelle 2 integriert werden kann, was deutlich energiesparender ist.With the adjustable camshaft 2 according to the invention and in particular the second cam 7, an internal exhaust gas recirculation is thus possible for the first time, in which the additional mass for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation rate is not located on a rocker arm and therefore has to be moved in an oscillating manner, but for the first time as a rotating one Mass can be integrated into the camshaft 2, which is much more energy efficient.

Claims (6)

  1. Internal combustion engine (1) having at least one camshaft (2) comprising an outer shaft (3) and an inner shaft (4) which is adjustable relative to the outer shaft, wherein first cams (5) fixedly connected to the outer shaft are arranged at the outer shaft (3) for actuating an outlet valve (6), and wherein second cams (7) fixedly connected to the inner shaft (4) are provided which, in an activated angular position, enable an internal exhaust gas recirculation, wherein
    the first/and or second cam (5, 7) comprises cam lobes (12), characterised in that
    a transition (9) between the first cam (5) and the activated second cam (7) is continuous, wherein cam lobes (12) of the first and/or second cam (5, 7) comprise a chamfer (14) at a transition (9).
  2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    a second cam (7) is arranged between two first cams (5), or vice-versa.
  3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    a first cam (5) is arranged adjacent to a second cam (7).
  4. Internal combustion engine according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    the internal combustion engine (1) is a diesel engine.
  5. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the internal combustion engine (1) comprises a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (10).
  6. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (10) comprises a cooling system (11) for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas flow.
EP15152072.3A 2014-02-11 2015-01-22 Combustion engine Not-in-force EP2905435B1 (en)

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DE102014202439.0A DE102014202439A1 (en) 2014-02-11 2014-02-11 Internal combustion engine

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EP2905435B1 true EP2905435B1 (en) 2017-11-08

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DE102014202439A1 (en) 2015-08-13
US9874178B2 (en) 2018-01-23
US20150226160A1 (en) 2015-08-13

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